H thng thng tin di ng 3G s dng cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA

v CDMA2000 ang c trin khai rng khp trn ton th gii. Tnh n thi im
thng 12 nm 2005 c hn 160 h thng 3G c a vo s dng trn phm vi 75
quc gia vi tng s thu bao ln n 230 triu. Tuy phin bn u tin R99, dung
lng v tc truyn dn d liu c ci thin ng k. Lung tc s liu c th t
n tc 2 Mbps. Nhng khi cc dch v s liu c a vo trin khai trn cc
mng thng mi th dung lng, tc vn l nhng i hi cn phi c gii
quyt. Do , bc ci tin u tin i vi WCDMA c nh du bi s ra i ca
knh truyn ti mi HS-DSCH R5 c hon thnh vo u nm 2002. Nhng ci
tin trong R5 ny thng c nhc n vi mt tn gi "HSDPA- Knh truy nhp gi
ng xung tc cao". S ra i ca HSDPA nhm h tr mnh m cc dch v s
liu yu cu tc c truyn dn ln nh cc dch v tng tc, dch v nn, dch v
streaming. Truy nhp d liu knh ng xung tc cao HSDPA c kh nng cung
cp dung lng cao hn 50% so vi knh DCH/DSCH trong R99 vi trng hp
Marcrocell v 100% i vi Microcell, tc truyn dn ti a c th ln n 14
Mbps. Qua thc t trin khai cc mng di ng 3G cho thy c rt nhiu dch v s
liu ph bin yu cu tc truyn dn trn hai hng t MS n Node B v ngc li
c tc tng ng nhau nh cc dch v real-time gaming v cc dch v trn nn
TCP/IP. Trong khi , R5 mi ch a ra gii php h tr mnh m vic truyn dn
bt i xng vi tc truyn dn trn knh ng xung cao hn rt nhiu so vi
knh ng ln. Nhc im ny ca R5 c khc phc trong R6 c hon thnh
vo u nm 2005 vi tn gi ci tin knh ng ln v l bc ci tin th 2 i vi
chun mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA. Nhng ci tin trong R6 nng tc

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truyn dn trn knh ng ln t n tc 5.76 Mbps dung lng knh tng ln

gp 2 ln so vi knh truyn ti ng ln trong R99. Ba mc tiu chnh ca hai bc
ci tin trong R5 v R6 l:
- Nng cao tc truyn dn trn c hai hng.
- Tng dung lng ca mng trn mt n v ti nguyn v tuyn nh trc.
- Gim tr truyn dn cho c hai hng.
Mc tiu th 3 c thc hin thng qua vic a mt s chc nng lp MAC
n gn hn vi giao din v tuyn. V d nh chuyn chc nng truyn dn li t
RNC n Node B. Hn th na gim thi gian ca khung truyn dn cng l mt gii
php gim tr. C th khung thi gian truyn dn TTI ca knh DCH trong R99 l
t 10-80 ms trong khi khong thi gian ny c gim xung cn 2 ms trong HSDSCH ca R5. Hoc nh vi knh ng ln ci tin trong R6, ngoi h tr khung
truyn dn 10 ms phin bn trc, khung truyn dn 2 ms cng c s dng trong
phin bn ny nhm t c mc tiu th 3 nu trn.
Mc tiu 1 v 2 c thc hin thng qua k thut thch ng knh bao gm thay
i t l m ca m sa li knh, chn chm tn hiu iu ch ph hp vi iu kin
knh truyn, iu khin thu pht theo s thay i ca knh truyn dn. im ng ch
l tng ch ca k thut thch ng knh khng ch mng li li ch cho cc nh vn
hnh mng nh cc phin bn trc m cn mang li li ch cho khch hng s dng
cc my di ng c tnh nng x l tn hiu tt. Li ch ny cn l xc tc cho vic y
nhanh tc tiu th cc sn phm my di ng cm tay cng ngh cao ca cc nh
sn xut.

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Ngoi ra, t ng yu cu truyn dn li cng l mt trong ba k thut then cht

c s dng ti lp vt l t c c 3 mc tiu nu trn thng qua vic tn
dng kt thc truyn dn sm, c x l ti node B gn vi giao din v tuyn.

Chng 2 : GII THIU V CNG NGH HSDPA

2.1 Tng quan v HSDPA
Mc d cng ngh 3G WCDMA hin nay cho php tc d liu gi ln n
2Mbps. Tuy nhin, cc tiu chun thit k h thng WCDMA c mt s hn ch nh:
Khng tn dng cc u th ca d liu gi vn rt ph bin i vi ng trc
hu tuyn
Thit k dch v 2Mbps hin nay l khng hiu qu v cng cha p ng
c nhu cu s dng dch v s liu
Khng th x l tc d liu cao ln n 10Mbps
Do , R5 tip tc c pht trin khc phc nhng hn ch ny. R5 l s
pht trin quan trng ca mng v tuyn 3G k t khi WCDMA c chp nhn l
cng ngh mng v tuyn 3G t nm 1997 vi Cc tnh nng k thut ca cng
ngh HSDPA gm:
Tng ng vi CDMA2000 1xEV (HDR)
iu ch v m ho thch ng
Sng mang tc d liu cao (HDRC) trong bng tn 5MHz
64 QAM h tr tc nh tng ng 7.2 Mbps

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 M Turbo
Kh nng sa li gn vi gii hn l thuyt
ARQ ghp thch ng
T ng thch ng lin tc theo iu kin knh bng cch ghp chn thm
thng tin khi cn
S dng AMC khi c kt hp vi HARQ nhm ci thin dung lng
ca h thng
Cc k thut c s dng cho php HSDPA h tr tc 10 Mbps
Trong mt h thng d liu v thoi c tch hp vi ngi s dng
thoi(12.2 Kbps) ti khong 30 Erl/sector v thng lng sector ca d liu vn
khong 1 Mbps

Hnh 10 : Biu ct so snh thi gian download ca cc cng ngh

HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)-truy cp gi ng xung tc
cao, l gii php mang tnh t ph v mt cng ngh v c pht trin trn c s ca

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h thng 3G WCDMA, c ti u-ha cho cc ng dng d liu chuyn mch gi.

Cng ngh HSDPA hin nay cho php tc download t n 1.8 Mbps, 3.6Mbps,
7.2 Mbps v 14.4 Mbps, v trong tng lai gn, tc hin nay c th c nng ln
gp nhiu ln a n mt hiu qu s dng tt hn. Cc thu bao dch v HSDPA
c th nhn email vi tp tin nh km mang dung lng ln, lt web hoc ti v cc
tp tin a phng tin hoc vn bn nhanh hn bao gi. Mc d c th truyn ti bt
c dng d liu no, song mc tiu ch yu ca HSDPA l d liu dng video v nhc.
Khi nim HSDPA c pht trin da trn cng ngh W-CDMA, s dng cc
phng php chuyn i v m ha d liu khc. N to ra mt knh truyn d liu
bn trong W-CDMA c gi l HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel),
knh chia s ng xung tc cao. Knh truyn ti ny hot ng hon ton khc
bit so vi cc knh thng thng v cho php thc hin download vi tc vt tri.
V y l mt knh chuyn dng cho vic download. iu cng c ngha l d liu
s c truyn trc tip t ngun n in thoi. Song qu trnh ngc li, tc l
truyn d liu t in thoi n mt ngun tin th khng th thc hin c khi s
dng cng ngh HSDPA. Cng ngh ny c th c chia s gia tt c cc ngi
dng c s dng sng radio, sng cho hiu qu download nhanh nht.
Ngoi ra HSDPA cn s dng iu ch v m ho thch ng (Adaptive
Modulation and Coding), HARQ nhanh (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request), v lp
lch gi (Packet Scheduling) nhanh. Nhng tnh nng ny c phi hp cht ch v
cho php thch ng cc tham s truyn dn theo mi khong thi gian TTI nhm lin
tc hiu chnh s thay i ca cht lng knh v tuyn.

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2.2 Nhng ci tin quan trng ca HSDPA so vi WCDMA

Hnh 11: Cc tnh nng c bn ca HSDPA khi so snh vi WCDMA

Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut nhanh nhm gi n nh cht lng tn
hiu nhn c (Eb/No) bng cch tng cng sut pht nhm chng li s suy hao ca
tn hiu thu c. iu ny s to ra cc gi tr nh trong cng sut pht v tng nn
nhiu a truy cp, do s lm gim dung lng ca ton mng. Hn th na, s hot
ng ca iu khin cng sut yu cu lun lun phi m bo mt mc d tr nht
nh trong tng cng sut pht ca Node B thch ng vi cc bin i ca n. Loi
b c iu khin cng sut s trnh c cc hiu ng tng cng sut k trn cng
nh khng cn ti d tr cng sut pht ca t bo.

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Tuy nhin, do khng s dng iu khin cng sut, HSDPA yu cu cc k

thut thch ng lin kt khc thch ng cc tham s tn hiu pht nhm lin tc bm
theo cc bin thin ca knh truyn v tuyn.
Mt trong nhng yu cu thch ng lin kt s c cp trong khun kh bi
kho lun ny c gi l iu ch v m ho thch ng - AMC. Vi k thut AMC,
iu ch v t l m ho oc thch ng mt cch lin tc vi cht lng knh thay cho
vic hiu chnh cng sut. Truyn dn s dng nhiu m Walsh cng c s dng
trong qu trnh thch ng lin kt. S kt hp ca hai k thut thch ng lin kt trn
thay th hon ton k thut h s tri ph bin thin trong WCDMA do kh nng
thch ng chm i vi s bin thin ca truyn dn v tuyn tc cao.
Do HSDPA khng cn s dng iu khin cng sut vng kn, phi ti thiu
ho s thay i ca cht lng knh v tuyn trong mi khong thi gian TTI, vn
ny c thc hin nh vic gim rng ca TTI t 10 ms WCDMA xung cn
2ms HSDPA. Vi s b sung k thut HARQ nhanh, n cn cho php pht li mt
cch nhanh nht cc block d liu b mt hoc b li v kh nng kt hp vi thng
tin mm ln pht u tin vi cc ln pht li sau .
thu thp c thng tin v thng tin cht lng knh hin thi cho php cc
k thut thch ng lin kt v lp lch gi theo di gim st mt cch lin tc cc iu
khin v tuyn hin ti ca thu bao di ng, lp iu khin trung gian MAC th lm
nhim v gim st knh nhanh cho php B lp lch gi nhanh v c tnh chia s theo
thi gian ca knh HS-DSCH v bn cht c th xem nh phn tp la chn a ngi
dung vi nhng li ch rt to ln i vi vic ca thin thng lng ca t bo. Vic

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chuyn dch chc nng lp lch n Node B l thay i chnh v kin trc nu so snh
vi phin bn R99 ca WCDMA.

2.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca HSDPA

Hnh 12 - Nguyn l hot ng c bn ca HSDPA

HSDPA gm cc gii php:

+ Thc hin an xen thi gian truyn dn ngn TTI=2ms
+ M ho v iu ch thch ng AMC

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