Ngoi d liu ngi s dng, Node-B cn thc hin truyn dn bo hiu iu

khin nhm thng bo sp xp cho ngi dng k tip. Bo hiu ny c sp xp

trong knh iu khin chia s tc cao (HS-SCCH), l knh dng chung cho cc
ngi s dng, v n c thc hin bng cch truyn dn hai khe thi gian HSSCCH TTI. Knh HS-SCCH mang nhng thng tin sau:
- Mt l ID ca nhng ngi dng c trng UE. Nhim v chnh ca mt l l
xc nh ngi dng c phc v trong chu k TTI tip theo.
- Thng tin lin quan n khun dng truyn ti, m t cc m nh knh,
phng thc k thut iu ch c s dng. T l m ho c trch ra t kch c ca
block truyn ti v cc tham s khun dng truyn ti khc.
- Thng tin lin quan n HARQ: c th l chu k pht tip theo s l mt
block mi hay l mt block c pht li (do c th gp li trc nn yu cu pht
li) v thng tin v cc phin bn.
Thng tin iu khin ny ch c s dng cho cc UE s c phc v trong
chu k tip theo, nh vy knh bo hiu ny l mt knh chia s theo thi gian cho tt
c cc user.

41

Hnh 18.1 : H thng trong tr ng hp 1 knh HS-SCCH v

phn chia a thi gian

Hnh 18.2: H thng trong trng hp nhiu knh HS-SCCH v

phn chia a thi gian
RNC cng c th ch r cng sut c khuyn ngh cho HS-SCCH ( lch lin
quan ti cc bit hoa tiu ca ca knh DPCH kt hp). Cng sut pht ca HS-SCCH
c th l hng s hoc thay i theo thi gian tu theo mt chin lc iu khin cng
sut no cho HS-DCCH.
2.4.2.2

Knh iu khin vt l tc cao: HS-DPCCH

y l knh ng ln, c s dng mang tn hiu bo nhn (ACK) n NodeB trn mi block. N cng c dng ch th Cht lng knh CQI (Channel
Quality), l yu t c s dng trong AMC.

42

Hnh 19: Cu trc knh HS-DPCCH

Knh HS-DPCCH dng c nh h s phn b 256 v c mt khe cu trc c
rng l 2/3 ms.
+ Khe u tin c s dng cho thng tin v HARQ.
+ Hai khe cn li c dnh cho CQI.
Thng tin v HARQ lun lun c gi khi m knh HS- SCCH gii m chnh
xc nhn ng tch sng xung trong khi QCI truyn tn s c iu khin bi
thng s k.
C 2 khe u hot ng ring bit lp iu khin. V d, trong mt s trng
hp, qu trnh lp li ny din ra vi chu k 2 ms v hot ng cnh ca t bo khi
cng sut hin ti khng chc chn cho qu trnh lp li. Cng sut iu khin t
nhng t bo HSDPA cng c th lm gim bt cng sut nhn t knh HS-DPCCH
trong qu trnh chuyn giao trong min nh nh thit b u cui lm gim cng sut
truyn nu mi t bo hot ng gi mt lnh yu cu.

43

Nh vy l vic khng dng iu khin cng sut m iu khin cp pht ngun

ti nguyn s lm cho dung lng h thng tng nh li dng c tnh bin i ca
knh fading. R rng bng vic s dng iu khin truyn dn lm thay i cch
nhn v fading. Nu trc y chng ta coi l mt nhc im ca mi trng
truyn dn h v tm cch trnh, xa b th by gi chng ta li c nh n do chng
ta hiu v s dng n ng tnh hung.
Dung lng ca h thng theo phng php ny cng tng nu nh mt thu
bao trong sector cng cao v vi nhiu User phn b u tt c cc v tr trong cell th
bt c thi im no cng c t nht mt User c trng thi knh cc tt truyn
dn vi tc cc ln. tng dung lng ny ngi ta thng nhc n vi tn gi
phn tp a ngi s dng- Multi-User Diversity. Tuy nhin c ngi s t ra mt
cu hi l: Nu b scheduler quyt nh cp pht ti nguyn da trn trng thi knh
ca my u cui th s c trng hp c User s khng truyn dn c trong mt
khong thi gian di v User ny lun trng thi knh km hn nhng User khc?.
Thc mc ny hon ton hp l. V n dn n vn cn bng gia dung lng h
thng v s tha mn i vi ngi s dng. S tha mn y ngha l khng
mt User phi i qu lu mi c truy nhp h thng. t c yu t cn bng
ny cc b scheduler c thit k ngoi da trn nguyn tc trn cn phi kt hp
vi nguyn tc Round-Robin (first come, first serve). V mi nh sn xut thit b s
c nhng la chn thit k khc nhau ch khng nh sn xut no ging nh sn xut
no v bn thn vn ny ch c a ra nguyn l trong 3GPP v 3GPP2 ch
khng chun ha thnh mt k thut c bit c th.

44

Mt iu th v khc na cn phi nhc n l khng dng iu khin cng sut

m iu khin thu pht c ng lc tt i vi s pht trin ca th trng my u
cui. iu ny c th c gii thch nh sau: Khi iu khin thu pht, b lp lch gi
da vo nhng thng tin trng thi knh do MS gi v (Channel Quality Indicator
Channel). M thng th MS s da vo tham s SIR (Signal to Inteference Ratio)
yu cu b lp lch cp pht ti nguyn. Do , my di ng cng hin i ngha l kh
nng nn nhiu cng ln (ngha l SIR ln) th b lp lch cp pht v iu khin BTS
pht vi tc cao hn. Nh vy nu khch hng u t my u cui hin i s
c li ch khng phi l h iu hnh hng li nh s dng iu khin cng sut
V vi iu khin cng sut, nu my u cui tt, BTS yu cu MS gim cng sut
pht, do nhiu gim v dung lng h thng tng. Khi dung lng tng l li ch
ca h iu hnh ch khng phi l li ch ca ngi s dng. Vi li ch thuc v
khch hng nh vy c th ni y l yu t kch thch qu trnh tiu th my u cui
si ng hn.
2.5 Cc k thut s dng trong HSDPA
2.5.1 iu ch v M ho thch ng. K thut truyn dn a m
Trong thng tin di ng, t l tn trn tp (SINR) ca tn hiu nhn c ti mt
thit b ngi s dng lun bin i trong khong t 30 40dB do fading nhanh v
cc c im v a hnh trong mt cell. Nhm ci thin dung lng ca h thng, tc
d liu nh, vng ph sng tn hiu truyn ti ngi dng c xc nh nhm
tnh ton qu trnh thay i cht lng tn hiu thng qua qu trnh x l lin kt thch
ng. Theo truyn thng, WCDMA ng dng chc nng iu khin cng sut nhanh

45

cho cc lin kt thch ng. Ngc li, HSDPA lu cng sut pht khng i qua TTI
ng thi s dng iu ch thch ng v m ho (AMC) nh mt phng php lin kt
thch ng an xen nhm iu khin cng sut ci thin hiu sut ph.
T s tp m v nhiu c xc nh bi cng thc:

SINR SF16

PHS DSCH
1
Povvn 1 G 1

Trong ,
PHS-DSCH , Pown : cng sut truyn v cng sut mang node B HS-DSCH
Hng s =0.5, Pown = 12W, G= -3dB
i ph vi di ng ca t s tp m trn nhiu Eb/No ti u cui UE,
HSDPA thch ng qu trnh iu ch, t l m ho v s m ho nh knh vi cc
iu kin v tuyn hin thi. S kt hp ca hai phng php trn gi l: iu ch v
M ho thch ng AMC
Bn cnh QPSK, HSDPA cn kt hp cht ch vi phng thc iu ch
16QAM tng tc d liu nh ca cc user c phc v vi iu kin vo tuyn
thch hp. Vic h tr cho QPSK c tnh cht bt buc i vi thng tin di ng, cn
i vi 16QAM l mt tu chn cho mng v thit b ngi dng UE.
S dng ng thi c 2 phng thc iu ch ny, c bit l phng thc iu
ch cp cao 16 QAM, a ra mt s thch thc nht nh i vi phc tp ca b
thu u cui, n cn phi xc nh c bin tng ng ca cc k hiu nhn c,
trong khi i vi phng php iu ch QPSK truyn thng ch yu cu tch pha tn
hiu. Mt b m ho Turbo da trn b m ho Turbo R99 vi t l m ho 1/3, mc
46

d cc t l m ho hiu dng khc trong phm vi (xp x 1/6 n 1/1) cng c th c

c bng cc k thut ghp, trch, lp m. Kt qu l to ra mt di t l m c ti 64
gi tr khc nhau. S kt hp ca mt kiu iu ch v mt t l m c gi l Lc
m ho v iu ch
Ngoi k thut iu ch v m ho thch ng AMC, pht a m cng c th coi
nh l mt cng c thch ng lin kt. Nu nh user c y cc iu kin knh v
tuyn thch hp, node B c th li dng iu kin ny bng cch pht nhiu m song
song vi nhau, nhm t c thng lng d liu nh kh ln.
Vi k thut pht a m, ton b di ng AMC c th c tng ln mt lng:
10log 10 15 ~ 12 dBs
Ton b di ng thch ng lin kt do AMC kt hp pht a m xp x 30 dB.
Node- B s xc nh tc truyn dn d liu da trn cc bo co v ch th
cht lng knh CQI cng nh cc thng k cng sut trn cc knh dnh ring. Tc
d liu c iu chnh bng cch thay i s iu ch, tc m ho cng nh
s lng m ho knh HS-PDSCH. S dng iu ch thch ng v m ho AMC cho
php ngi s dng tin gn hn ti Node- B, c th yu cu iu ch vi t l m ho
cao hn (chng hn nh iu ch 16- QAM vi t l m ho 3/4).
Bng 4: Lc m ho iu ch ca HSDPA v tc bit ti a kh dng
vi mi m

TFRC

Effective Code Rate

Instanteaneous Data Rate with 1

(ECR)

HS-PDSCH code

Modulation

47

#00

QPSK

0.14

68.5 kbps

#10

QPSK

0.27

128.5 kbps

#20

QPSK

0.39

188.5 kbps

#30

QPSK

0.52

248.5 kbps

#40

QPSK

0.64

308.0 kbps

#50

QPSK

0.77

368.5 kbps

#00

16 QAM

0.32

302.5 kbps

#10

16 QAM

0.38

362.0 kbps

#20

16 QAM

0.45

433.0 kbps

#30

16 QAM

0.54

518.0 kbps

#40

16 QAM

0.65

619.5 kbps

#50

16 QAM

0.77

741.5 kbps

48