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KHALID SAIFULLAH
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Black body radiations.

Different law¶s of black body.

Experiments.

& definitions.
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c black body is the object, which can absorb

all the radiations that falls on it, & then radiate
these radiations back again.

c perfect black body has emissive power of

unity.
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|his law states that:

³|he wave length for maximum radiations Ȝmax

is related to the absolute temperature | of the
black body.´

i.e. | Į 1/ Ȝmax
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|his law states that:

³|he total energy radiated by black body per

second per unit surface area is proportional to
the fourth power of absolute temperature.´

i.e. E Į | or E = ı|

here ı is Stefan- boltzmann constant.

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at states that:

³|he energy associated with a particular

wavelength is inversely proportional to the
fourth power of wavelength.´

i.e. E = constant/Ȝ

uc c 

cccording to plank¶s quantum theory:

³ |he energy exchange takes place in discrete

µbundles¶ or µquanta¶.´

|he energy of each quantum is directly

proportional to the frequency J


i.e. E =  
Ȝ where c = velocity of light

here h = plank¶s constant.

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at is related to the wave characteristic to the

particle.

i.e. ³if a wave (photon) possess a particle

nature then a particle (electron) must possess
wave nature.´

|he wavelength associated with particle is

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³Photo cell is device which converts
light energy directly into the electrical
energy.´



³
hen a photon is scattered by an
electron. |he scattered photon has a frequency
less than its original frequency, this
phenomenon is known as Compton effect.´
 
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³an a pair production a photon
disintegrates after the interaction with a
nucleus & an electron-positron is created.´

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³Radiation & matter exhibit particle,
as well as wave like characteristics. |his is
known as wave-particle duality.´
 CREc|ED BY:
ë KHALID SAIFULLAH

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