TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA C KH

B MN CH TO MY

BI TP LN
CHI TIT MY

GVHD: PGS.TS NGUYN HU LC

SVTH: TRN MINH CHIN
MSSV: 21300382
LP: CK13KSCD
TI: 11
PHNG N: 7

TP H CH MINH, thng 11 nm 2015

MC LC
Danh mc cc bng...........................................................................................2
Danh mc cc hnh............................................................................................2
ti................................................................................................................. 2
Bi 1.
THIT K H THNG TRUYN NG MY LM SCH CHI TIT DP
Chng 1: Chn ng c v phn b t s truyn........................................2
Chng 2: Thit k ai thang.......................................................................2
Chng 3: Thit k cc bnh rng trong hp gim tc.................................2
Chng 4: Thit k trc................................................................................2
4.1 Phn tch lc tc dng..........................................................................2
4.2 Trc i....................................................................................................2
4.3 Trc ii...................................................................................................2
4.4 Kim nghim then................................................................................2
Chng 5: Tnh ton thit k ln...............................................................2
5.1 Chn ln trc i...................................................................................2
5.2 Chn ln trc ii..................................................................................2
5.3 Kt lun................................................................................................2
Chng 6: Chn du bi trn cho hp gim tc...........................................2
Bi 2. B TRUYN VT ME AI C
Chng 7: Tnh vt v ai c c cu tay gt.................................................2
Bi 3. MI GHP REN....................................................................................2
Chng 8: Tnh ton mi ghp ren trn gi .............................................2
TI LIU THAM KHO.................................................................................2

DANH MC CC BNG

Bng 1.1 ng c v phn phi t s truyn....................................................2

Bng 1.2 c tnh k thut ca h thng truyn ng......................................2
Bng 2.1 Thng s b truyn ai......................................................................2
Bng 3.1 B truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing...............................................2
Bng 4.1 Kim nghim then trc I v trc II:................................................230
Bng 4.2 Mmen trc I v trc II:...................................................................30
Bng 4.3 Kim tra h s an ton trc I v trc II:...........................................30
Bng 5.1 Kt qu tnh ton chn ln:.............................................................2

DANH MC CC HNH

Hnh 1.1 H thng truyn ng my lm sch chi tit dp................................2

Hnh 4.1 Phn tch lc tc dng ln b truyn..................................................2
Hnh 4.2 Phn tch lc trn trc I......................................................................2
Hnh 4.3 Phc tho kt cu trc I......................................................................2
Hnh 4.4 Biu mmen trn trc I.................................................................2
Hnh 4.5 Phn tch lc trn trc II.....................................................................2
Hnh 4.6 Phc tho kt cu trc II.....................................................................2
Hnh 4.7 Biu mmen trn trc II................................................................2
Hnh 7.1 C cu tay gt....................................................................................2
Hnh 7.2 Biu ni lc v mmen...............................................................29
Hnh 8.1 Kt cu gi ..................................................................................40
Hnh 8.2 Phn tch lc tc dng........................................................................2
Hnh 8.3 im t lc.......................................................................................2

 TI
NI DUNG
Tun l
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
8-9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Ni dung thc hin

Bi tp ln s 1 Thit k h thng truyn ng my lm sch chi tit dp.
Tm hiu truyn ng c kh trong my.
Xc nh cng sut ng c v phn phi t s truyn.
Tnh ton b truyn ai thang.
Tnh cc b truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing.
Bo co gia k.
V s lc tc dng ln cc b truyn v tnh gi tr cc lc.
Tnh ton thit k trc.
Chn ni trc, then.
Chn ln.
Chn du bi trn.
Bi tp ln s 2 - B truyn vt me ai c.
Bi tp ln s 3 - Mi ghp ren.
Bo co cui k.

S
11.1 THIT K H THNG TRUYN NG MY LM SCH
CHI TIT DP.

H thng dn ng xch ti gm:

1- ng c in; 2- B truyn ai thang; 3- Hp gim tc bnh rng
nghing 1 cp; 4- Ni trc xch; 5- B phn cng tc.
Bng s liu.

Phng n

10

Lc vng thng F, N

1900

2000

2100

2300

2500

1200

1300

1500

1600

1700

Vn tc vng v, m/s

3,00

3,50

2,50

2,50

2,00

3,00

4,00

2,00

3,00

3,50

ng knh thng, D mm

650

700

750

800

900

400

450

500

550

600

Thi gian phc v L, nm

(1 nm lm vic 300 ngy, 1 ca lm vic 8 gi)

11.2 B TRUYN VT ME AI C
Tnh vt v ai c c cu tay gt. Ti trng 2F tc dng ln ai c, chiu di vt
l (gi tr theo bng). Dng biu ni lc v mmen xon.
F

F
l

Bng s liu.
PA
1
2
3
4
5

F, kN
14
9,5
13
12
11

l, mm Bin dng ren

500
500
500 Ren hnh thang
600
600

PA
6
7
8
9
10

F, kN
10
9
8
7
6

l, mm Bin dng ren

600
700
700
Ren vung
700
800

11.3 MI GHP REN

Mt gi chu tc dng ti trng F = 8000 N c gi cht bng nhm 4
bulng nh hnh. S dng mi ghp bulng c khe h. Vt liu bulng l thp
CT3 c gii hn bn ko cho php [k] = 100 MPa. H s ma st gia cc tm
ghp f = 0,20, h s an ton k =1,3.. Hy xc nh:
a) Ti trng ln nht tc dng ln bulng.
b) Xc nh lc xit V.
c) Xc nh ng knh d1 v chn bulng.

Bng s liu.
PA
F, N
1
4000
2
5000
3
5500
4
6000
5
7000
6
7500
7
8000
8
8500
9
4500
10
6500

l,mm
750
650
600
550
500
450
450
400
700
500

b, mm
230
250
270
280
300
320
320
350
250
300

a,mm
400
450
500
500
550
600
600
650
450
550

, rad
/10
/6
/8
/10
/6
/8
/6
/9
0
0

BI 1. THIT K H THNG TRUYN NG

MY LM SCH CHI TIT DP

Hnh 1.1 H thng truyn ng my lm sch chi tit dp

H thng dn ng xch ti gm:
1- ng c in; 2- B truyn ai thang; 3- Hp gim tc bnh rng
nghing 1 cp; 4- Ni trc xch; 5- B phn cng tc.
S liu 7:
Lc vng thng: F=1300( N )
Vn tc vng: v =4,00(m/ s)
ng knh thng: D=450(mm)
Thi gian phc v: L=6 (nm)

CHNG 1
CHN NG C V PHN B T S TRUYN
Xc nh cng sut v chn ng c in cho h thng dn ng l giai
on u tin rt quan trng cho qu trnh thit k cc b phn khc. Chng ta
cn chn loi ng c c cng sut ph hp vi h thng khng qu tha cng
sut (m bo tnh kinh t v tit kim nng lng), khng thiu (m bo an
ton v hiu qu cho h thng).
1. Xc nh cng sut b phn cng tc:
Pct =

Fv
1300.4
=
=5,2 kW
1000 1000

2. Hiu sut chung ca h thng truyn ng:

= br ( ol )3

Hiu sut ai, bnh rng, lng tra, ni trc xch theo bng 3.3 ti liu
[1], ta chn:
=0,95 ; br=0,97 ; ol =0,99
ch=0,95.0,97 .0,993 .1=0,894

3. Cng sut cn thit ca ng c:

Pc =

P ct
5,2
=
=5,82 ( kW )
ch 0,894

4. S vng quay ca trc b phn cng tc:

4

nct =

6. 10 v 6.10 4,00
=
=169,8(vng / pht )
D
450

5. T s truyn chung xc nh theo cng thc:

uch =u u br=

nc
nct

T s truyn hp gim tc l tiu chun v t s truyn b truyn ai

hoc xch c th chn s b theo bng 3.2 ti liu [1].
6. Ta chn ng c c cng sut Pc =7,5 kW vi s vng quay v phn
b t s truyn v h thng truyn ng chn trn bng 1.1.
7. Vi s vng quay v t s truyn trn bng 1.1 ta chn ng c
4A132S4 vi s vng quay n=1455 vng/ pht ; u =2,14 ;
ubr =4

v t s truyn chung uch =8,57

9

10

Bng 1.1 ng c v phn phi t s truyn.

ng c
S vng quay
Ti s truyn
(vng/pht)
chung,
uch

4A112M2
4A132S4
4A132M
6
4A160S8

B truyn

B truyn bnh

ai, u

rng, ubr

2922
1455
968

17,21
8,57
5,70

3,44
2,14
1,81

5
4
3,15

730

4,30

1,72

2,5

8. Theo cc thng s va chn ta c c tnh k thut sau:

Bng 1.2 c tnh k thut ca h thng truyn ng.
Trc
ng c
Trc I
Thng s
Cng sut (kW)
5,82
5,47
Ti s truyn
2,72
Momen xon (Nmm)
38172
97650
S vng quay
1455
535
(vng/pht)

Trc II
5,2
3,15
292431
170

Sau khi chn ng c v phn phi t s truyn, ta tnh ton cc b truyn ai

v bnh rng.

11

CHNG 2
THIT K AI THANG
Tnh

ton

thit

truyn

ai

thang

vi

P1=5,82 kW ;

n=1455 vng/ pht ; t s truyn u=2,72 .

1. Theo hnh 4.22 ti liu [1], ph thuc vo cng sut

5.82 kW

v s

vng quay

n=1455 vng/ pht , theo bng 4.3 ti liu [1] ta cho ai

loi B vi

b p =14 mm ;

b0 =17 mm ;

h=10,5mm ;

y 0=4,0 mm ;

; d 1=140 280 mm .
2. ng knh bnh ai nh:
d 1=1,2 d min =1,2.140=168 mm .
A=138 mm

Theo tiu chun, ta chn d 1=180 mm

3. Vn tc ai:
v 1=

d 1 n1 .180 .1455
=
=13,71 m/s
60000
60000

4. Gi s ta chn h thng trt tng i vi =0,01 . ng knh

bnh ai ln:
d 2=u d 1 (1 )=2,72.180 . ( 10,01 )=484,7 mm

Theo tiu chun ta chn: d 2=500 mm

T s truyn khi :
u=

d2
d 1 (1 )

500
=2,81
180( 10,01)

Sai lch vi gi tr chn trc 3,16

5. Khong cch trc nh nht xc nh theo cng thc:
2 ( d 1+ d 2 ) a 0,55 ( d 1+d 2 ) +h
2 (180+500 ) a 0,55 (180+ 500 ) +10,5

Ta c th chn s b a=1.2 d2 =600 mm

6. Chiu di tnh ton ca ai:
12

1360 a 385 mm

( d 2+ d 1) ( d 2d 1 )
L=2 a+
+
2
4a
2.600+

( 500+180 ) ( 500180 )2
+
=2310 mm
2
4.600

Theo bng 4.3 ti liu [1], ta chn ai c chiu di:

L=2500 mm=2,5 m

7. S vng chy ca ai trong mt giy:

v 13,71
i= =
=5,49 s1
L
2,5
1
Tha iu kin [ i ]=10 s

8. Tnh ton li khong cch trc:

a=

k + k 28 2
4

Trong :
k =L
=

( d1 +d 2 )
2

=2500

180+500
=1431,9 mm
2

( d 2d 1 ) 500180
=
=160
2

Do :
k + k 28 2 1431,9+ 1431,928.1602
a=
=
=697,6 mm
4
4

Gi tr a vn tha mn trong khong cho php.

9. Gc m ai bnh ai nh
0

1=180 57

( d 2d1 )
a

=180 57

( 500180 )
0
=150,85 =2,69 rad
697,6

10. Cc h s s dng:
- H s xt n nh hng gc m ai:
C =1,24 ( 1e / 100 ) =1,24 ( 1e150,85/ 100 ) =0,934
1

H s xt n nh hng ca vn tc:

13

C v =10,05 ( 0,01 v2 1 )
10,05 ( 0,01. 13,7121 )=0,956

H s xt n nh hng t s truyn u (theo bng 4.9 ti liu [1]):

Cu =1,14

v u=2,72

H s xt n nh hng s dy ai C z , ta chn s b bng 1.

H s xt n nh hng ch ti trng (theo bng 4.8 ti liu [1]):

H s xt n nh hng chiu di dy ai (hnh 4.21 ti liu [1], ta c

Cr =0,85

L0=2240 ):
C L=

L 6 2500
=
=1,018
L0
2240

11. Theo th 4.21c ti liu [1], ta chn [ P0 ] =4 kW , khi d=180 mm

v ai loi B.
12. S dy ai c xc nh theo cng thc:
z

P1
5,82
=
[ P0 ] C C u C L C z C r C v 5.0,934 .1,14 .1,018 .1.0 .85 .0,956

1,32

Ta chn z=2 ai
13. Lc cng ai ban u:
F0 =A 0=z A 1 0=2.138 .1,5=414 N

Lc cng mi dy ai:
F0
=207 N
2

Lc vng c ch:
Ft =

1000 P1 1000.5,82
=
=424 N
v1
13,71

Lc vng trn mi dy ai: 212 N

14. T cng thc

14

F0 =

F t ef +1
2 e f 1

2 F 0 e f=F t e f + F t

e f ( 2 F0 F t )=2 F0 + F t ; e f =

2 F 0+ F t
2 F 0Ft

T suy ra:
1 2 F0+ Ft
1
2.414+ 424
f ' = ln
=
ln
=0,42
2 F 0F t 2,63 2.414424

H s ma st nh nht b truyn khng b trt trn.

0
(Gi s gc bin dng bnh ai l =38 )

f min=f ' sin

( 2 )=0,42. sin 19 =0,14

0

15. Lc tc dng ln trc:

Fr 2 F0 sin

1
150,850
=2.414 . sin
=806,5 N
2
2

( )

16. ng sut ln nht trong dy ai:

max = 1+ v + u 1= 0 +0,5. t + v + u 1
max=

207 212
2
6 2.4
+
+1200. 13,71 . 10 +
.100
138 2.138
180

6,94 MPa

17. Tui th ai xc nh theo cng thc:

r
max

( )

9 8 7
.10
6,94
Lh =
=
=2029,7 gi
2.3600 i
2.3600 .5,49
.10 7

( )

1
Trong : r =9 MPa ; i=5,49 s ; m=8

Bng 2.1 Thng s b truyn ai

Thng s

Gi tr

Thng s
S vng chy ai trong 1 giy,
1/s

Gi tr

Dng ai

ai thang loi B

Tit din ai,

mm2

138

ng knh bnh dn d1,mm

180

S dy ai z

ng knh bnh b dn d2,

mm

500

Khong cch
trc a, mm

697,6

ng sut ln nht max, MPa

6,93

15

5,49

Chiu di ai L,
mm
Gc m ai ,

2500

Lc cng ai ban u Fo, N

414

153,85

Lc tc dng ln trc Fr, N

806,5

16

CHNG 3
THIT K CC BNH RNG TRONG HP GIM TC
1. Mmen xon trn trc ca bnh dn

T 1 =97650 Nmm . T s truyn

3,15 . S vng quay n=535 vng/ pht .

2. Chn vt liu cho bnh dn v bnh b dn. Chn thp 40Cr c ti

ci thin. Theo bng 6.13 ti liu [1], i vi bnh dn ta chn rn
trung bnh

HB1 =260 ; i vi bnh b dn, ta chn rn trung bnh

HB2 =245 .

3. S chu k lm vic c s:
2,4

2,4

N HO 1=30 HB 1 =30. 260 =1,88. 10 chu k

2,4
7
N HO 2=30 HB 2,4
2 =30. 245 =1,63. 10 chu k
6

N FO 1 =N FO 2=5. 10 chu k

4. S chu k lm vic tng ng, xc nh theo s ti trng:

N HE 1 =60 cn Lh=60.1 .535.6 .300 .8=46,21.10 7 chu k
vi c=1, n=535 vng / pht , Lh =6.300 .8 gi

N HE 2=N HE 1 /u=14,67.107 chu k

Tng t:
N FE 1=60 cn Lh=60.1.535 .6 .300 .8=46,21.10 7 chu k
N FE 2 =N FE 1 /u=14,67. 107 chu k

V: N HE 1 > N HO 1 ; N HE 2 > N HO 2 ; N FE 1> N FO 1 ; N FE 2 > N FO 2

cho nn: K HL 1=K HL2=K FL1=K FL2=1
5. Theo bng 6.13 ti liu [1], gii hn mi tip xc v un cc bnh rng
xc nh nh sau:
0 H lim =2 HB +70
, suy ra

0 H lim 1=2.260+70=590 MPa v

0 H lim 2=2.245+70=560 MPa
17

0 F lim =1,8 HB
, suy ra

0 F lim 1=1,8.260=468 MPa v

0 H lim 2=1,8.245=441 MPa

6. ng sut tip xc cho php:

0 H lim 0,9
K HL
sH
0 H lim Z Z K K
K HL =
sH
[ H ]=
R

XH

Khi ti ci thin s H =1,1 , do :

[ H 1 ]=
[ H 2 ]=

590.0,9
.1=482,7 MPa
1,1

560.0,9
.1=458,2 MPa
1,1

ng sut tip xc cho php tnh ton:

[ H ]=0,45 ( [ H 1 ] + [ H 2 ]) =0,45 ( 482,7+ 458,2 )=423,4 MPa Do

[ H ]< [ min ]=458,2 MPa
nn ta chn [ H ] =[ H 2 ]=458,2 MPa
7. ng sut un cho php:
0 F lim
K FL
sF
[ F ]=

Chn s F =1,75 , ta c:
468

441

[ F 1 ]= 1,75 .1=267,4 MPa; [ F 2 ]= 1,75 .1=252 MPa

8. Theo bng 6.15 ti liu [1] do bnh rng nm i xng cc trc nn
ba=0,3 0,5 , chn ba=0,4

18

theo tiu chun. Khi :

 bd=

ba (u+1) 0,4.(3,15+1)
=
=0,83
2
2

Theo bng 6.4 ti liu [1], ta chn K H =1,03 ; K F =1,06

9. Khong cch trc ca b truyn bnh rng xc nh theo cng thc:

a w =43 ( u+1 ) 3

T 1 K H
2

ba [ H ] u

=43 ( 3,15+1 ) 3

97650.1,03
=129,3 mm
0,4. 458,22 .3,15

Theo tiu chun, ta chn a w =160 mm

10. Mun rng mn=( 0,01 0,02 ) a w =1,6 3,2mm
Theo tiu chun, ta chn mn=2,5 mm .
0
0
11. T iu kin 20 8 suy ra:

2 a w cos 80
2 aw cos 200
z1
mn ( u 1 )
mn ( u 1 )
2.160 .cos 80
2.160 . cos 200
z1
2,5. ( 3,15+1 )
2,5. ( 3,15+ 1 )
30,5 z 1 29

Ta chn z 1=30 rng suy ra s rng bnh b dn:

z 2=30.3,15=94,5 ta chn

z 2=95

Gc nghing rng:
=arccos

2,5.( 30+ 95)

=12,43
2.160

12. T s truyn sau khi chn s rng:

u=

z 2 95
= =3,16
z 1 30

13. Cc thng s hnh hc ch yu ca b truyn bnh rng:

ng knh vng chia:

19

d 1=

d 2=

mn z 1
2,5.30
=
=76,8 mm
cos cos ( 12,430 )

mn z 2
2,5.95
=
=243,2 mm
cos cos ( 12,430)

ng knh vng nh:

d a 1=d 1 +2 mn=76,8+2.2,5=81,8 mm
d a 2=d 2 +2 mn=243,2+2.2,5=248,2mm

ng knh vng chn:

d f 1 =d 12,5 mn=76,82,5.2,5=70,6 mm
d f 2 =d 2+ 2,5 mn =243,22,5.2,5=237 mm

Tnh li khong cch trc:

a w=

mn ( z 1+ z 2 ) 2,5.( 30+95)
=
=160 mm
2 cos
2 cos ( 12,430)

Chiu rng vnh rng:

-

Bnh b dn: b2= b 1 a=0,4.160=64 mm Chn b2=65 mm

- Bnh dn: b1=b2 +5=65+ 5=70 mm

14. Vn tc vng bnh rng:
v=

d 1 n 1 .76,8 .535
=
=2,2 m/s
60000
60000

15. Theo bng 6.3 ti liu [1], ta chn cp chnh xc 9 vi v gh=6 m/s
16. H s ti trng ng theo bng 6.5 ti liu [1], ta chn:
K HV =1,05 ; K FV =1,09

17. Tnh ton kim nghim gi tr ng sut tip xc:

20

 H=

Z M Z H Z 2 T 1 K HB K HV (u+ 1 )
dw 1
bw u

275.1,76 .0 .96 2.97650.1,03 .1,05 . ( 3,15+1 )

=381,5 MPa
76,8
70.3,15

H =381,5 MPa< [ H ]=458 MPa

do iu kin bn tip xc c tha.

18. H s dng rng Y F :
- i vi bnh dn:
Y F 1=3,47+

13,2
13,2
=3,47+
=3,91
z1
30

i vi bnh b dn:
Y F 2=3,47+

13,2
13,2
=3,47+
=3,61
z2
95

c tnh so snh bn cc bnh rng ( bn un):

-

Bnh dn:

[F 1]
Y F1

267,4
=68,4
3,91

252
=69,8
3,61

Bnh b dn:

[F 2]
YF2

Ta kim tra bn un theo bnh dn c bn thp hn:

19. ng sut un tnh ton:
F 1=

2 Y F 1 T 1 K F K FV 2.3,91.97650 .1,06 .1,09

=
=21,2 MPa
d w1 bw m
243,2.70.2,5 . cos ( 12,430 )

F 1=21,2 MPa [ F 1 ]=267,4 MPa

Do bn tip xc c tha.

21

Bng 3.1 B truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing

Thng s
Khong cch trc aw, mm

Tnh ton thit k

Gi tr
Thng s
160

Gc nghing rng ,

Mun mn , mm

2,5

Dng rng

Bnh rng tr
rng nghing

Chiu rng vnh rng

Bnh dn b1, mm
Bnh b dn b2, mm
S rng
Bnh dn z1
Bnh b dn z2
Thng s
ng sut tip xc H ,

ng sut
un

MPa
F 1 , MPa
F 2 , MPa

70
65

ng knh vng chia:

Bnh dn d1, mm
Bnh b dn d2, mm
ng knh vng nh:
Bnh dn da1, mm
Bnh b dn da2, mm
ng knh vng y:
Bnh dn df1, mm
Bnh b dn df2, mm

30
95
Tnh ton kim nghim
Gi tr cho
Gi tr tnh ton
php
458,2

381,5

267,4

21,2

252

22

Gi tr
12,43o
76,8
243,2
81,8
248,2
70,6
237,0

Nhn xt
Tha iu
kin tip xc
Tha
bn un

CHNG 4
THIT K TRC
4.1 PHN TCH LC TC D

Hnh 4.1 Phn tch lc tc dng ln b truyn

-

Lc tc dng ln b truyn ai:

Fr =2 F0 sin

0
1
153,85
=2.414 . sin
=806,5 N
2
2

( )

Lc tc dng ln b truyn bnh rng:

Ft 1=Ft 2=

2T 1 2.97650
=
=2543 N
d1
76,8

Fa 1 =F a 2=F t 1 .tan =2543. tan 12.430=560,5 N

Fr 1=Fr 2=

F t 1 tan 2543. tan 200

=
=947,8 N
cos
cos 12,430

23

4.2 TRC I
Bit

P1=5,47 kW

; T 1 =97650 Nmm , s vng quay

n1=535 vng/ pht .

Vt liu trc thp C35

( ch =304 MPa ; 1=255 MPa ; b=510 MPa ; 1=128 MPa ).
1. Phn tch lc tc dng ln trc t cc chi tit quay ca h thng truyn
ng:

Hnh 4.2 Phn tch lc trn trc I

Lc tc dng ln b truyn ai:

Fr =2 F0 sin

0
1
153,85
=2.414 . sin
=806,5 N
2
2

( )

Lc tc dng ln b truyn bnh rng:

F t 1=

2 T 1 2.97650
=
=2543 N
d1
76,8

Fa 1 =F t 1 . tan=2543. tan 12.430=560,5 N

F r 1=

F t 1 tan 2543. tan 200

=
=947,8 N
cos
cos 12,430

2. Chn vt liu trc l thp C35, chn s b ng sut xon cho php
[ ] =20 MPa .
3. Xc nh ng knh s b trc theo cng thc:
d

T1
3 97650
=
=29 mm
0,2.20
0,2 [ ]

24

Theo tiu chun ta chn d=30 mm ti v tr thn trc lp bnh ai.

4. Chn kch thc dc trc: l l1 +2 x+ w
Trong : l 1=b1 =70 mm
x=10 mm : khe h gia bnh rng v thnh trong hp gim tc
w=40 mm

(theo bng 10.2 ti liu [1] ta chn w=30 60 khi

T =80000 100000 Nmm )

Suy ra: l=70+2.10+ 40=130 mm .

Khong cch f

chn trong bng 10.2 ti liu [1], f

khng nh hn

50 75 mm ,

ta chn f =75 mm .
Cc khong cch cn li c chn nh hnh v:

Hnh 2.3 Phc tho kt cu trc I

5. V biu moment un v xon:
- Trong mt phng thng ng yz, phng trnh cn bng momen ti
im B l:

M XB=R AY .130F r 1 .130/2M a 1=0

25

Moment do lc dc to ra l:

M a 1=F a1 d 1 /2=560,5.76,8/2=21523,2 Nmm

R AY =

F r 1 .65+ M a 1 947,8.65+21523,2
=
=639,5 N
130
130

Phng trnh cn bng lc theo phng y:

R AY F r 1 + RBy =0
R BY =F r 1R AY =947,8639,5=308,3 N

vy R AY =639,5 N ; RBY =308,3 N , hng ln nh hnh v.

-

Trong mt phng ngang xz, phng trnh cn bng momen ti im B

l:

M YB =Fr ( 75+130 )R AX .130Ft 1 .130/2=0

R AX =

F r ( 75+130 ) Ft 1 .

130
2

130

806,5 ( 75+130 ) 2543.130/ 2

=0,3 0 N
130

R BX=F t 1F r =2543806,5=1736,5 N

Biu mmen:

26

Hnh 4.4 Biu mmen trn trc I

6. Theo biu th tit din nguy him nht ti v tr D.
- Mmen un ti D:
M D = M 2XD + M 2YD = 415702 +1300002=136500 Nmm

Mmen xon ti D: T D =97650 Nmm

Ta b qua nh hng ca lc dc trc nn ng sut php ti tit din
M

D
ny thay i theo chu k i xng bin : a = D= W

27

d=40 mm , tra bng ph lc 13.1 ti

Trc c mt then, vi ng knh

liu [2], ta chn then c chiu rng
chiu su rnh then trn trc

b=12mm ; chiu cao

h=8 mm ;

t=5,0 mm ; chiu su rnh then trn may

t 1 =3,3 mm . Khi :
2

W=

d 3 bt ( dt ) 403 12.5 ( 405 )

=5364,4 mm3
32
2d
32
2.40

a=

136500
=25,4 MPa; m=0
5364,4

Do :

ng sut xon:

T
W0

trong momen cn xon:

2

W 0=

d 3 bt ( dt ) 403 12.5 ( 405 )

=11647,6 mm3
16
2d
16
2.40

Do :
=

97650
=8,4 MPa
11647,6

Khi ng sut xon thay i theo chu k mch ng:

8,4
a = m = =
=4,2 MPa
2 2

Ti tit din D c s tp trung ng sut l rnh then. Theo bng 10.8

ti liu [1], ta chn K =1,75 vi b =600 MPa , K =1,5
Theo bng 10.3 ti liu [1], ta chn =0,84 v =0,78 .

Theo hnh 2.9 ti liu [1], ta c h s =0,025 v =0,0175 .

7. Xc nh h s an ton ti C theo cng thc:
Thp C35 ( ch =304 MPa ; 1=255 MPa ; b=510 MPa ; 1=128 MPa )

28

s =

s =

1
255
=
=4,8
K a / + m 1,75.25,44 /0,84+0,025.0

1
128
=
=15,7
K a / + m 1,5.4,2/0,78+0,0175.4,2

H s an ton:
s=

s s

s +s
2

4,8.15,7
=4,6> [ s ] =1,5
4,82 +15,7 2

Do ti tit din D tha iu kin mi ca trc.

4.3 TRC II
Bit P2=5,2 kW

; T 2 =292431 Nmm , s vng quay n2=170 vng/ pht .

Vt liu trc thp C35 (

ch =304 MPa ; 1=255 MPa ; b=510 MPa ; 1=128 MPa

).

1. Phn tch lc tc dng ln trc t cc chi tit quay ca h thng truyn

ng:

Hnh 4.5 Phn tch lc trn trc II

-

Lc tc dng ln b truyn bnh rng:

Ft 1=Ft 2=2543 N

Fa 1 =F a 2=560,5 N

Fr 1=Fr 2=947,8 N

2. Chn vt liu trc l thp C35, chn s b ng sut xon cho php
[ ] =20 MPa .
29

3. Xc nh ng knh s b trc theo cng thc:

d

T2
3 292431
=
=41,8 mm
0,2.20
0,2 [ ]

Theo tiu chun ta chn d=45 mm ti v tr thn trc lp bi.

4. Chn kch thc dc trc: l l2 +2 x+ w
Trong : l 2=b2 =65 mm
x=10 mm : khe h gia bnh rng v thnh trong hp gim tc
w=50 mm

(theo bng 10.2 ti liu [1], w=40 80 ; khi

T =200000 400000 Nmm )

Suy ra: l=65+2.10+ 50=135 mm .

Cc khong cch cn li c chn nh hnh v:

Hnh 4.6 Phc tho kt cu trc II

5. V biu moment un v xon:
- Trong mt phng thng ng yz, phng trnh cn bng momen ti
im B l:

M XB=R AY .135+ F r 1 .135 /2M a 2=0

30

Moment do lc dc to ra l:
M a 2=F a 2 d 2 /2=560,5.243,2/2=68156,8 Nmm

R AY =

M a2 Fr 1 .
126

135
2

947,8 .135
2
=31,3 N
135

68156,8
=

Vy R AY =31 N (hng ln)

Phng trnh cn bng lc theo phng y:
R AY + F r 2RBy =0
R By =F r 2+ R AY =947,8+ 31,3=979,1 N

vy RBy =979,1 N , hng nh hnh v.

-

Trong mt phng xz, cc lc phn b i xng so vi hai gi ta nn ta

c:
R AX =RBX =

Ft 2 2543
=
=1271,5 N
2
2

Biu mmen:

31

Hnh 4.7 Biu mmen trn trc II

6. Theo biu th tit din nguy him nht ti v tr C.
- Momen un ti C:
M C = M 2XC + M 2YC = 66089 2+ 858262=108323 Nmm

Momen xon ti C: T C =292431 Nmm

Ta b qua nh hng ca lc dc trc nn ng sut php ti tit din
M

C
ny thay i theo chu k i xng bin : a = C = W

Trc c mt then, vi ng knh d=50 mm , tra bng ph lc 13.1 ti

liu [2], ta chn then c chiu rng b=14 mm ;chiu cao h=9 mm ;
chiu su rnh then trn trc t=5,5 mm ; chiu su rnh then trn may
t 1 =3,8 mm . Khi :
32

W=

d 3 bt ( dt ) 503 14.5,5 ( 505,5 )

=10747,1 mm3
32
2d
32
2.50

a=

108323
=10,08 MPa ; m =0
10747,1

Do :

ng sut xon:

T
W0

trong momen cn xon:

2

d 3 bt ( dt ) 503 14.5 ( 505 )

W 0=

=23018,9 mm3
16
2d
16
2.50

Do :
=

292431
=12,70 MPa
23018,9

Khi ng sut xon thay i theo chu k mch ng:

12,7
a = m = =
=6,35 MPa
2
2

Ti tit din C c s tp trung ng sut l rnh then. Theo bng 10.8

ti liu [1], ta chn K =1,75 vi b =510 MPa , K =1,5 .
Theo bng 10.3 ti liu [1], ta chn =0,84 v =0,78 .

Theo hnh 2.9 ti liu [1], ta c h s =0,025 v =0,0175 .

7. Xc nh h s an ton ti C theo cng thc:
Thp C35 ( ch =304 MPa ; 1=255 MPa ; b=510 MPa ; 1=128 MPa )
s =

s =

1
255
=
=12,14
K a / + m 1,75.10,08/0,84+ 0,025.0

1
128
=
=10,39
K a / + m 1,5.6,35/ 0,78+0,0175.6,35

H s an ton:
s=

s s

s +s
2

12,14.10,39
=7,89> [ s ] =1,5
12,142 +10,392
33

Do ti tit din C tha iu kin mi ca trc.

4.4 KIM NGHIM THEN

TRC I
1. Trc c hai then, vi ng knh d=40 mm , ta chn then c b rng
b=12mm , chiu cao

h=8 mm ; chiu su then trn trc

t=5,0 mm ; chiu su then trn may

t 1 =3,3 mm . Chiu di may

ta chn l 85 mm . Chn vt liu cho then l C35.

2. Chiu di l ca then: l=8515=70 mm
3. Kim tra bn dp theo cng thc:

( l l=lb=7012=58 ; h=8 mm ; t 2 =0,4 h=3,2mm ) :

d=

2T
2.97650
=
=26,31 MPa [ d ] =150 MPa
t 2 d ll 3,2.40 .58

Kim tra then theo bn ct:

c=

F 2T
2.97650
=
=
=7,01 MPa [ c ] =80 MPa
bl bd l l 12.40.58

Then ny t bn theo tnh ton.

TRC II
1. Trc c mt then, vi ng knh d=45 mm , ta chn then c b rng
b=14 mm , chiu cao

h=9 mm ; chiu su then trn trc

t=5,5 mm ; chiu su then trn may

t 1 =3,8 mm . Chiu di may

ta chn l 70 mm . Chn vt liu cho then l C35.

2. Chiu di l ca then: l=7014=56 mm
3. Kim tra bn dp theo cng thc:

( l l=lb=5614=42 ; h=9 mm ; t 2 =0,4 h=3,6 mm ) :

d=

2T
2.292431
=
=85,96 MPa [ d ]=150 MPa
t 2 d ll 3,6.45 .42
34

Kim tra then theo bn ct:

c=

F 2T 2.292431
=
=
=22,10 MPa [ c ] =80 MPa
bl bd l l 14.45.42

Then ny t bn theo tnh ton.

Bng 4.1 Kim nghim then trc I v trc II:

Then (mm)
ng
Chiu
knh
di then
(mm)
bxh
t1
l, mm
Trc I
40
12x8
5
70
Trc II
45
14x9 5,5
56

Mmen
T, Nmm
97650
292431

Bng 4.2 Mmen xon trc I v trc II:

ng knh
Mmen chng un
mm
W
Trc I
40
5364,4 Nmm
Trc II
45
7611,3 Nmm
Bng 4.3 Kim tra h s an ton trc I v trc II:
ng knh d,

a
a
mm

( MPa)

26,31
85,96

( MPa)

7,01
22,10

Mmen cn xon
Wo
11647,6 Nmm
16557,5 Nmm

Trc I

40

0,84

0,78

15,52

8,38

4,8

15,7

4,6

Trc II

45

0,84

0,78

12,08

6,35

12,14

10,39

7,89

35

CHNG 5
TNH TON THIT K LN

5.1 CHN LN TRC I

1. Lc hng tm tc dng ti A:
FrA = R2AX + R 2AY =RAY =639,5 N

Lc hng tm tc dng ti B:
FrB = R 2BX + R 2BY = 1736,52+ 308,32=1763,7 N

Lc dc trc tc ng ln ln A:
Fa =560,5 N

2. Ta c ti A c lc dc trc nh nn ta chn bi .
Theo ph lc 9.1 ti liu [2], chn s b bi c trung k hiu
307

c:

d=35 mm ; D=80 mm ; B=21 mm; C=26200 N ; C0 =17900 N .

3. Chn cc h s:

V =1, K =1,2 ; K t=1

4. Xc nh thnh phn lc dc trc sinh ra, a trn bng 11.3 ti liu [1]
F a 560,5
F
560,5
=
=0,031; a =
=0,876;
C 0 17900
F rA 639,5

F a 560,5
=
=0,318
F rB 1763,7

Ta chn e=0,22 ; X=0,56 ; Y =1,99

S 1=e F rA =0,22.639,5=140,7 N
S 2=e F rB=0,22.1763,7=388,0 N

V S 2 >S 1 v Fa > 0 , ti trng dc trc tnh ton i vi ti Bl:

FaA =F a+ S 2=560,5+388=948,5 N

36

FaB =S 2=388 N

Ta chn theo bn tri (ti A) v chu ti trng tc dng ln hn.

5. Ti trng ng quy c Q :
Q A =( XV F rA +Y F aA ) K K t
( 0,56.1.639,5+1,99.948,5 ) .1,2.1=2694,8 N

6. Tui th tnh theo triu vng:

L=

Trong :

60 n Lh
10

Lh=6.300 .8=14400 gi

n=535 vng/ pht

L=

60.535 .14400
=462,24 triu vng
6
10

7. Kh nng ti ng tnh ton:

m

Ctt =Q L=2694,8 462,24=20836 N <C=26200 N

Vy chn ln c trung ph hp.

8. Tui th xc inh theo cng thc sau:
m

C
26200
L=
=
=919 triu vng
Q
2694,8

( ) (

Lh =

106 L 106 . 919

=
=28,6 ngn gi 11,9 nm
60 n 60.535

5.2 CHN LN TRC II

1. Lc hng tm tc dng ti A:
FrA = R2AX + R 2AY = 31,32+ 1271,52=1271,9 N

Lc hng tm tc dng ti B:
37

FrB = R 2BX + R 2BY = 979,12+ 1271,52=1604,8 N

Lc dc trc tc ng ln ln A:
Fa =560,5 N

2. Ta c ti A c lc dc trc nn ta chn bi .
Theo ph lc 9.1 ti liu [2], chn s b bi c nh k hiu 209
c: d=45 mm ; D=85 mm ; B=19 mm ; C=25700 N ; C 0=18100 N .
3. Chn cc h s:
V =1, K =1,2 ; K t=1 .
4. Xc nh thnh phn lc dc trc sinh ra, a trn bng 11.3 ti liu [1]
F a 560,5
=
=0,031;
C 0 18100

F a 525,4
=
=0,383 ;
F rA 1372,5

F a 525,4
=
=0,312
F rB 1683,3

ta chn e=0,22 ; X=0,56 ; Y =1,99

S 1=e F rA =0,22.1271,9=279,8 N
S 2=e F rB=0,22.1604,8=353,1 N

V S 2 >S 1 v Fa > 0 do ti trng dc trc tnh ton i vi cc

l:
FaB =S 1=353,1 N

FaA =F a+ S 1=560,5+353,1=913,6 N

Ta chn theo bn tri v chu ti trng tc dng ln hn

5. Ti trng ng quy c Q :
Q A =( XV F rA +Y F aA ) K K t
( 0,56.1.1271,9+1,99.913,6 ) .1,2 .1=3036,4 N

6. Tui th tnh theo triu vng:

38

L=

60 n Lh
10 6

Lh=6.300 .8=14400 gi

Trong :
n=170 vng/ pht

L=

60.170 .14400
=146,9 tri u vng
106

7. Kh nng ti ng tnh ton:

Ctt =Q m L=3036,4 3 146,9=1271,9 N < C=25700 N

Vy chn ln c nh ph hp.
8. Tui th xc inh theo cng thc sau:
C m 25700 3
L=
=
=383,8 triu vng
Q
3036,4

( ) (

Lh =

106 L 106 .383,8

=
=37,6 ngn gi =15,6 nm
60 n
60.170

5.3 KT LUN
Bng 5.1 Kt qu tnh ton chn ln:
Ti trng ng
Trc
I
II

K hiu
208
209

quy c (N)
2694,8
3036,4

Kh nng ti
tnh ton (N)

Tui th
(triu vng)

Tui th
(ngn gi)

20836
1271,9

919
383,8

28,6
37,6

39

CHNG 6
CHN DU BI TRN CHO HP GIM TC.
V ta c ng sut tip xc H =381,5 MPa
Vn tc vng: 2,2 m/ s
rn b mt rng : 250 HB=260 HV
Nn ta c:
105 . H HV . H2 105 260.381,52
br =
=
=172
v
2,2

Theo th hnh 13.9 ti liu [1], ta chn du bi trn c

v 50=60. 106 m2 /s

Theo bng 13.1 ti liu [1], ta chn du bi trn ISOVG 68

40

BI 2. B TRUYN VT ME AI C
CHNG 7
TNH VT V AI C C CU TAY GT
Tnh vt v ai c c cu tay gt. Ti trng 2F tc dng ln ai c, chiu di vt
l (gi tr theo bng). Dng biu ni lc v mmen xon.

F
l

Hnh 7.1 C cu tay gt

Bng s liu:
F( kN )
P.A
7

l(mm)

Bin dng ren

700

Ren vung

1. Chn thp thng ha C45 ( ch=390 MPa)

ai c, chn ng thanh Br Al9Fe3.
2. ng sut cho php:
- i vi vt:

[ k ] =[ n ] =

ch 390
=
=130 MPa
s
3

[ k ]=40 MPa ; [ d ]=45 MPa

i vi ai c:

p sut cho php trn cp thp ng thanh:

[ p]=10( MPa)

3. Ren vung chn h s h=1

4. H s chiu cao ai c, ai c nguyn, ta chn nh sau: H =1,5
5. ng knh trung bnh ca ren:
41

d 2=

Fa
2. F
2.9000
=
=
=19,54 mm
.1,5 .10.1
. H . [ p ] . h
. H . [ p ] . h

Ta c th chn theo tiu chun ren h mt:

d=30 mm ; ps =3 .5 mm; h=1, 7 5 mm;

d 1=26,5 mm ; d 2=2 8 , 25 mm ;

5. Gc nng ren vt:

tan=

ps
3 ,5
3,5
=
=arctan
=3 ,18o
d 2 .20
20

( )

Gc ma st qui i:
=arctan ( f )=arctan ( 0,1 ) =5,71 0

V < , b truyn vt me - ai c c kh nng t hm.

6. S vng ren trong ai c:
z=

Fa
2.900 0
=
=11 , 59
d 2 h [ P ] . 28 , 25.1, 7 5.10

Ta chn z=1 2 vng

Chiu cao ai c:

H=z . p s=1 2. 1,7 5=21 mm

7. Hiu sut b truyn:

tan ( 3,18o )
tan
qt =0,9
=0,9
=0,32
tan( +)
tan(3,18o +5,710 )

8. Kim tra bn theo ng sut cho php:

- Mmen trn ren:
T =Fa .

d2
2 8,2 5
tan ( + )=2.9000 .
. tan (3 ,18 o+ 5,710)=39769 Nmm
2
2

+ ng sut ti tit din nguy him ca vt:

=

T 16 T 16. 39769
=
=
=1 0 ,88 MPa
3
W d 31
.2 6,5

+ ng sut php ti tit din nguy him ca vt:

42

4 Fa

2
1

4.2.9000
=32,64 MPa
. 26,52

+ ng sut tng ng:

t = 2 +3 2 = 10,882 +3. 32 ,6 42 =57,57 MPa
t < [ ] =120 MPa

=> iu kin bn c tha.

9. Kim tra thn vt theo iu kin n nh:
mm vt:
=

l 4 l 4.1 .700
=
=
=1 05
i
d1
2 6,5
th

Tra bng 8.4 ti liu [1] th

, ti trng ti hn c xc nh

theo cng thc:

4

Fath =

2 EJ
=
2
( l )

4
d1
.2 6,5
2 2. 105
64
64
=
=97518,5 N
2
2
( l )
(1.700 )

2 E

H s an ton:
s o=

F ath 97518 ,5
=
=5,4 [ s o ] =4
Fa
2.9000

Tha iu kin

10. Xc nh kch thc ai c. (vi [ k ]=50 MPa )

ng knh ngoi ai c:
D

5,2 . Fa 2
5,2. 1 8 000
+d =
+30 2=38,67
.50
[ k]
Chn D=40 mm

ng knh vnh ai c D1:

D1

4 . Fa
4 .1 8 000
+ D 2=
+ 4 0 2=45,37
.50
[ k ]
Vy D 1=4 5,37 mm

43

Chiu cao vnh ai c :

a=

H 21
=
=6 mm
3.5 3,5

Biu ni lc v mmen tren trc vt:

Hnh 7.2 Biu ni lc v mmen.

44

BI 3. MI GHP REN
CHNG 8
TNH TON MI GHP REN TRN GI

Mt gi chu tc dng ti trng F = 8000 N c gi cht bng nhm 4

bulng nh hnh. S dng mi ghp bulng c khe h. Vt liu bulng l thp
CT3 c gii hn bn ko cho php [k] = 100 MPa. H s ma st gia cc
tm ghp f = 0,20, h s an ton k =1,3.. Hy xc nh:
a) Ti trng ln nht tc dng ln bulng.
b) Xc nh lc xit V.
c) Xc nh ng knh d1 v chn bulng.

Hnh 8.3 Kt cu gi
Bng s liu
PA
F, N
7
8000

l,mm
450

b, mm
320

a,mm , rad
600
/6

1. Trng tm ca nhm bulng ti G nh trn hnh v.

2. Di lc F v trng tm G ca nhm bulng ta thay th bng lc F t
ti G v mmen ngu lc M = Fc vi c l khong cch t G ti gi
ca lc F

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Hnh 8.24 Phn tch lc tc dng

Hnh 8.35 im t lc

c= AG . cos ( 30 0 )=( 450+160. tan ( 300 ) ) .cos ( 300 )=469,7 mm

Ti G c F=8000 N
5
v M =Fc=8000.469,7=37,6.10 Nmm
3. Lc do F tc dng vo tng bulng

F F 1=F F 2=F F 3 =F F 4 =F /4=8000/ 4=2000 N

Do nhm c 4 bulng c khong cch n trng tm G bng nhau

r 1=r 2 =r 3=r 4=r =

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

a 2 b 2
+
=
2
2

340 mm

Nn lc do M tc dng ln tng bulng:

46

600 2 320
+
2
2

F M 1=F M 2=F M 3=F M 4=

M 37,6.10
=
=2764,7 N
z.r
4.340

Nh trn hnh v th bulng 2 chu lc ln nht:

Fmax =F 2= F F 22 + F M 22+ 2 F F 22 F M 22 cos

=arctan

320
=arctan (
30 =1,92 0
( a/2
)
b/2
600 )
0

F max =F F 2 +F M 2=2000+2764,7=4764,7 N

4. S dng phng n bulng lp c khe h gia l v bulng

Lc xit:
V=

kF 1,3.4764,7
=
=30970,5 N
if
1.0,2

Vi cc h s k =1,3; f =0,2; i=1 ; F=F max=4764,7 N

5. Tnh ng knh d 1 ca bulng.
d 1=

4.1,3 .V
4.1,3 .30970,5
=
=22,6 mm
.100
. [k ]

Theo bng 17.7 ti liu [1], ta chn bulng M27 c d 1=23,752 mm

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Hu Lc, C s thit k my, NXB i hc Quc gia TP. H Ch
Minh, 2013.
[2] Nguyn Hu Lc, Bi tp Chi tit my, NXB i hc Quc gia TP H Ch
Minh, 2015.
[3] Trnh Cht - L Vn Uyn, Tnh ton thit k h thng dn ng c kh,
NXB Gio Dc.

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