Giao Trinh KT Phay CNC - Trung Tâm CNC-W

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B LAO NG THNG BINH V X HI

TRNG C NGH K THUT CNG NGH TP. H CH MINH
TRUNG TM O TO V GIA CNG CNC
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Website: http://daycnc.edu.vn
Email: daycnc@gmail.com
GIO TRNH
GIA CNG TRN MY PHAY CNC
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(lu hnh ni b)
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MC LC
Chng 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MY CNC .................................................. 1

1.1. Qu trnh pht trin:....................................................................................... 1
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1.2. Cu to chung ca my phay CNC ................................................................ 3

1.3. Cc b phn chnh ca my: .......................................................................... 4
1.4. c im c trng ca trung tm gia cng: ................................................. 7
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1.5. Lp t, bo qun bo dng my phay CNC ............................................ 12
Chng 2: LP TRNH PHAY CNC ..................................................................... 13

2.1. Ci t cc thng s c bn cho phn mm iu khin phay CNC ............ 13
2.2. Cu trc chng trnh NC vit cho trung tm gia cng: ............................ 13
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2.3. Lnh, cu lnh phay CNC ............................................................................. 16

Ngn ng lp trnh: ...................................................................................... 16
Lp trnh theo to tng i v to tuyt i:................................... 18
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2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.4. Ch ct khi phay CNC ............................................................................. 19

2.5. Gii thiu cc lnh ct gt c bn phay CNC .............................................. 19
2.5.1.
2.5.2.
2.5.3.
2.5.4.
2.5.5.
Lnh chy dao nhanh khng ct gt: G00........................................................ 19

Lnh ni suy ng thng: G01 ...................................................................... 20
Lnh xc nh mt phng gia cng: G17,G18,G19: ......................................... 23
Lnh ni suy cung trn: G02,G03 ................................................................... 24
Lnh tr: G04.................................................................................................. 31
2.6. Gii thiu cc lnh h tr phay CNC ........................................................... 32
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2.7. Chu trnh gia cng: ....................................................................................... 45

Chu trnh khoan: G73.................................................................................... 48
Chu trnh khot l: G76 ................................................................................. 49
Chu trnh khoan: G81.................................................................................... 49
Chu trnh khoan: G82.................................................................................... 50
Chu trnh khoan: G83.................................................................................... 50
Chu trnh ta r ren phi: G84 ........................................................................ 51
Chu trnh doa l: G85 .................................................................................... 52
Chu trnh khot l: G86 ................................................................................. 52
Chng trnh chnh v chng trnh con: .................................................... 57
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2.7.1.
2.7.2.
2.7.3.
2.7.4.
2.7.5.
2.7.6.
2.7.7.
2.7.8.
2.7.9.
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Chng 3: VN HNH MY PHAY CNC ........................................................... 64

3.1. Kim tra my v sa li chng trnh: ........................................................ 64
3.2. Nhp v gi tn chng trnh gia cng: ....................................................... 65
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
Nhp chng trnh: ...................................................................................... 65

Gi chng trnh gia cng: ........................................................................... 65
3.3.1.
3.3.2.
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3.3. Tn v chc nng ca cc b phn trong bng iu khin my: ................ 66
Bng iu khin mn hnh ( CTR control panel): ....................................... 66

Bng iu khin my: ................................................................................... 68
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Chng 4:GIA CNG PHAY CNC ....................................................................... 74

4.1. Phay mt phng ............................................................................................. 74
4.2. Phay bc, cong, cung ..................................................................................... 75
4.3. Phay theo bin dng. ..................................................................................... 76
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4.4. Khoan l......................................................................................................... 77

4.5. Tar................................................................................................................ 78
4.6. Phay mt 3D c lp trnh bng phn mm CAD/CAM .......................... 79
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TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................... 80
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Chng 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MY CNC

M 34 -1
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Mc tiu:
+ Trnh by c cu to chung ca my v cc b phn chnh ca my phay
CNC
+ So snh im ging nhau v khc nhau gia my phay vn nng v my
phay CNC
+ Nu c c tnh k thut ca my CNC.
+ Rn luyn tnh k lut, kin tr, cn thn, nghim tc, ch ng v tch cc
sng to trong hc tp.
1.1. Qu trnh pht trin:
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Qu trnh pht trin ca cng ngh ch to v my ct kim loi tri qua cc

giai on:
* Cng ngh th cng;
* Cng nghip ho vi s ra i ca ngnh ch to my cng c;
* T t ng ho c kh sang t ng ho c s tr gip ca my vi tnh (CNC).
Sau y l nhng mc quan trng ca qu trnh pht trin ca my cng c iu
khin s (CNC = Computerized Numerical control), n gn lin vi qu trnh
pht trin ca cng ngh in t v tin hc.
Nm 1808: JOSEPB MJAC QUARD dng nhng tm tn c l iu
khin t ng cc my dt.
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Nm 1863: MFO URNEAUX pht minh n dng cm t ng ni

ting th gii vi tn gi l PIANNOLA .Trong dng mt bng giy c
chiu rng 30cm c c l theo v tr tng thch iu khin lung
kh nn tc ng vo cc phm bm c kh. Bng giy c l dng lm vt
mang tin c pht minh.
Nm1946: Dr. JOHNW MAUCHLY v Dr. JSPRESPER ECKERT
pht minh ra my tnh s in t u tin c tn l ENIAC cho qun i
M c ng dng.
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Nm1948 1952: T.PARSON v vin cng ngh MIT. (Massachusetts

Institute Of Technology) nghin cu thit k theo hp ng ca Khng
qun M (US AF) mt h thng iu khin dnh cho my cng c. iu
khin trc tip v tr ca cc trc vt me thng qua d liu u ra ca mt
my tnh lm bng chng cho kh nng gia cng mt chi tit. T. PARSON
a ra 4 lun im c bn:
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Nhng v tr c tnh ra trn mt bin dng c ghi nh vo ba

c l.
Cc ba c l c c trn my mt cch t ng.
Cc v tr c c ra phi c thng bo mt cch lin tc v
b xung thm tnh ton cho cc gi tr trung gian.
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Cc ng c SERVO (v cp tc ) c th iu khin c chuyn

ng ca cc trc.
Nm1952: Hng MIT cung cp chic my phay u tin mang tn
CINCINNATI HYDROTEL c trc thng ng. T iu khin lp bng
bng bng in t c th dch chuyn ng thi theo ba trc, nhn d liu
thng qua bng c l nh phn (Binary Code Punched Band).
Nm1954 : BENDIX mua bn quyn pht minh ca T. PARSONS v
ch to thit b iu khin NC cng nghip u tin (vn dng bng n
in t).
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Nm1957: Nhng my phay u tin c trong cc phn xng ca khng

lc Hoa k, Nht bn vin cng ngh TOKYO v cng ty IKEGAI lin
kt, k tha ch to thnh cng my iu khin s trn c s my tin thy
lc v chic my tin NC u tin ra i Nht Bn.
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Nm 1958: KERNEY v TRECKER lin kt gii thiu h thng thay dng

c t ng ATC (Automatic Tool Changer) cn gi l Milwaukee Matic,
gii thiu ngn ng lp trnh biu trng u tin APT gn lin vi my
tnh IBM704
Nm1960: H iu khin NC dng n bn dn thay th cc h iu
khin c (dng n in t). Cc nh ch to my ngi c trng by
chic my iu khin NC u tin ti hi ch HANOVER.
Nm 1965: Gii php thay dng c t ng (ATC) nng cao trnh t
ng ho khu gia cng.
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Nm 1968: K thut mch tch hp IC (Intergrated Circuits) lm cho cc

h iu khin nh gn v tin cy hn.
Nht bn makino hp tc vi FANUC chuyn giao h thng iu khin
DNC u tin (iu khin h thng ng st quc gia Nht).
Nm 1969: Nhng gii php u tin v iu khin lin kt chung t mt
my vi tnh trung tm DNC (Direct Numerical control) thit lp M
bng h iu khin (Sundstrand Omnicontrol) v my tnh IBM.
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+ Nm 1970: Gii php thay th b phin g phi t ng (Automatic

Palate Changer)
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Nm 1972: H iu khin NC u tin c lp mt my vi tnh nh. l h

iu khin s dng vi tnh c h vi x l sau ny.
Nm 1976: Cc h vi x l (Micro Processors) to ra cuc cch mng trong
k thut CNC.
Nm 1978: Cc h thng gia cng linh hot c to lp thc hin.
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Nm 1979: Nhng khp ni lin hon CAD/CAM thit k v ch to c

tr gip ca my tnh (Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided
Manufacturing).
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Nm 1980: Trong khi pht trin ca cng c tr gip lp trnh tch hp

CNC, bng n mt Cuc chin lng tin ng h hay chng i gii php
iu khin qua cp lnh bng tay.
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Nm 1984: Xut hin h iu khin CNC c cng nng mnh m c

trang b cc cng c tr gip lp trnh ha (Graphic) tin thm mt bc
pht trin mi lp trnh ti phn xng.
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Nhng nm (1986-1987): Nhng giao din tiu chun ho (Standard

Interfaces) m ra con ng tin ti cc x nghip t ng trn c s h
thng trao i h thng thng tin lin thng CIM (Computer Intergrated
Manufacturing).
T nm 1990: Cc giao din s gia iu khin NC v h cc khi ng c ci thin chnh xc v c tnh iu chnh ca cc trc iu khin
NC v trc chnh.
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T nm 1994 n nay: Khp kn chui qu trnh CAD/CAM/CNC bng

cch s dng h NURBS lm phng php ni suy. c truy cp t h
CAD nhm din t b mt t mn v sc nt cao. Nng cao chnh
xc v tc x l to ra chuyn ng u n ca my, tng tui th ca
my v dng c.
1.2. Cu to chung ca my phay CNC
Phn iu khin
Phn chp hnh
Chng trnh iu khin
C cu iu
khin
- K tay
- K t ng
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Bn phm
iu khin
Phi
- Chuyn ng
- Vn tc
My ct
kim loi
- V tr
- Bo li
Mn hnh
Chi tit gia cng
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1.2.1. Phn iu khin: Gm chng trnh iu khin v cc c cu iu khin.

- Chng trnh iu khin: L tp hp cc tn hiu (gi l lnh c trnh by
k chng II) iu khin my, c m ha di dng ch ci, s v mt
s k hiu khc nh du cng, tr, du chm, gch nghing ... Chng trnh ny
c ghi ln c cu mang chng trnh di dng m s (c th l m thp - nh
phn nh bng c l, m nh phn nh b nh ca my tnh)
- Cc c cu iu khin: Nhn tn hiu t c cu c chng trnh, thc hin cc
php bin i cn thit c c tn hiu ph hp vi iu kin hot ng ca
c cu chp hnh, ng thi kim tra s hot ng ca chng thng qua cc tn
hiu c gi v t cc cm bin lin h ngc. Bao gm cc c cu c, c cu
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gii m, c cu chuyn i, b x l tn hiu, c cu ni suy, c cu so snh, c

cu khuych i, c cu o hnh trnh, c cu o vn tc, b nh v cc thit b
xut nhp tn hiu.
y l thit b in in t rt phc tp, ng vai tr ct yu trong h thng
iu khin ca my NC. Vic tm hiu nguyn l cu to ca cc thit b ny i
hi c kin thc t cc gio trnh chuyn ngnh khc, cho nn y ch gii
thiu khi qut.
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1.2.2. Phn chp hnh:
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Gm my ct kim loi v mt s c cu phc v vn t ng ha nh cc c

cu tay my, cha dao, bi trn, ti trn, ht thi phoi, cp phi ...
Cng nh cc loi my ct kim loi khc, y l b phn trc tip tham gia ct
gt kim loi to hnh chi tit. Ty theo kh nng cng ngh ca loi my m
c cc b phn : Hp tc , hp chy dao, thn my, sng trc, bn my, trc
chnh, cha dao, cc tay my ...
Kt cu tng b phn chnh ch yu nh my vn nng thng thng, nhng c
mt vi khc bit nh m bo qu trnh iu khin t ng c n nh,
chnh xc, nng sut v c bit l m rng kh nng cng ngh ca my.
- Hp tc : Phm vi iu chnh tc ln, thng l truyn ng v cp,
trong s dng cc ly hp in t thay i tc c d dng.
- Hp chy dao: C ngun dn ng ring, thng l cc ng c bc. Trong
xch truyn ng, s dng cc phng php kh khe h ca cc b truyn nh
vt me ai c bi...
- Thn my cng vng, kt cu hp l d thi phoi, ti trn, d thay dao t
ng. Nhiu my c cha dao, tay my thay dao t ng, c thit b t ng
hiu chnh khi dao b mn ...
Trong cc my CNC c th s dng cc dng iu khin thch nghi khc nhau
bo m mt hoc nhiu thng s ti u nh cc thnh phn lc ct, nhit
ct, bng b mt, ch ct ti u, n, rung .
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1.3. Cc b phn chnh ca my:
Trung tm gia cng l my phay CNC c h thng thay dao t ng. Trung tm
gia cng c 2 loi trc ng v trc ngang.
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Hnh 1.1:Trung tm gia cng trc ng
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Hnh 1.2:Trung tm gia cng trc ngang
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Trung tm gia cng c cc b phn chnh sau:

1.3.1. Trc chnh:
Trc chnh ging nh trc chnh ca my phay CNC c phn cn u

dng g dao.
1.3.2. trc chnh:
trc chnh c ng trt dn hng cho u dao di chuyn ln
xung theo phng Z.
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1.3.3. Bn my:
Bn my c cng dng g phi. Bn my c th di chuyn theo

phng X v Y.
1.3.4. Thn my:
Thn my c cng dng cc b phn ca my.

1.3.5. B phn thay dao t ng:
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B phn thay dao t ng c tch dao v tay my thay dao t ng

theo chng trnh.
a) Dao phay mt phng:
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1.3.6. Mt s dao gia cng trn trung tm gia cng:
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b) Dao phay ngn:
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c) Mi khoan:
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d) Dao khot:
e) Dao doa:
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f) Mi khoan tm:
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h) h.Mi ta r:
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g) Dao vt mp:
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1.4. c im c trng ca trung tm gia cng:

1.4.1. H trc ta :
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xc nh cc v tr ca cc b phn my trong qu trnh chuyn ng, v

nguyn tc, ta cn phi gn chng vo nhng h trc to . thng nht vic
lp trnh, ngi ta quy c nh sau:
Dng c ct quay trn v thc hin chuyn ng tin, chi tit ng yn.
+Z
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Cc chuyn ng tnh tin c biu din theo h trc to vung gc

X,Y,Z. Chiu ca chng c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi, (theo quy
tc bn tay phi: ngn tay ci l trc X, ngn tay ch l trc Y ngn tay
gia l trc Z) (Hnh 2.1).
+Z
+Y
+Y
B
-X
+X
-Y
-Z
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+X
Hnh 2.1: H trc ta theo qui tc bn tay phi.
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Quy tc bn tay phi:

Trc Z trng vi trc chnh ca my. Chiu dng ca trc Z (+Z) l dao
chy ra xa b mt gia cng, chiu m (- Z ) l chiu dao n su vo vt liu.
Trc X l trc vung gc vi trc Z. Chiu dng ca ca trc (+X) l
chiu dao dch chuyn hng t tay tri sang tay phi, chiu m (- X) l
chiu ngc li.
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Trc Y l trc vung gc vi trc X v trc Z. Chiu dng ca trc Y l

chiu hng t c tay n u ngn ch, chiu m l chiu ngc li.
Ngoi ra nhng trung tm gia cng hin i c th c thm nhng trc sau:
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Trc A l trc quay quanh trc X.

Trc B l trc quay quanh trc Y.
Trc C l trc quay quanh trc Z.
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Hnh 2.2:Trung tm gia cng trc ng
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X
Hnh 2.3:Trung tm gia cng trc ngang.
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Ch : Xc nh chiu m dng ca dng c ct vi quy c l: Dng c ct

quay trn v thc hin chuyn ng tin, chi tit ng yn.
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Chi tit gia cng
+Z
Bn my
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trc chnh
Bn my
Chi tit gia cng
Hnh 2.4: H trc to ca trung tm gia cng trc ng.

Chi tit gia cng
trc chnh
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Bn my
+Z
Chi tit gia cng
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Bn my
Hnh 2.5: H trc to ca trung tm gia cng trc ngang.
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1.4.2. Cc im chun:
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iu khin dao chuyn ng tnh tin to ra bin dng ca chi tit gia
cng, cn phi xc nh chnh xc to ca tng im trn bin dng ca chi
tit gia cng. Nh vy, sau khi xc lp cc h trc ta vn tip theo l
phi gn h trc ta vo im gc khng ca phi so snh vi im
gc to ca my.
a) im gc ta ca my (im R):
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im gc ta ca my l im chun c nh do nh ch to xc lp
ngay t khi thit k my. L im chun xc nh v tr cc im gc khc
nh gc to ca chi tit W
i vi trung tm gia cng im gc R c chn l v tr cui hnh trnh
ca trc X, trc Y, trc Z.
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trc chnh
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Khng gian lm
vic ca my theo
trc X, Y, Z.
Khong cch nh
nht t im cui
ca trc Z n mt
trn ca bn my.
im gc to
ca my (R).
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Bn my
b) im gc to ca chi tit (im W):
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Hnh 2.6: im gc to ca my v khng gian lm vic ca my.
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X1;X2: Khong cch t

gc my n gc khng
ca phi th nht v phi
th 2 theo trc X.
im gc to
ca my (R)
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Gc 0
ca phi 3
(G56)
X
Gc 0 ca
phi 1 (G54)
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Gc 0
ca phi 2
(G55)
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Gc 0
ca phi 4
(G57)
Y1;Y2: Khong cch

t gc my n gc
khng ca phi th
nht v phi th 2 theo
trc Y.
Gc 0
ca phi 5
(G58)
Gc 0
ca phi 6
(G59)
Bn my
Hnh 2.7: H thng gc to ca chi tit t G54 n G59.
im gc to
ca my (R)
V tr cui ca mt
phng u trc chnh
Gc 0
ca phi 2
(G55)
Gc 0
ca phi 3
(G56)
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Gc 0
ca phi 1
(G54)
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Hnh 2.8: H thng gc to ca chi tit.
Bn my
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Trc khi lp trnh, ngi lp trnh phi chn im gc to im 0 ca chi

tit, xut pht t im gc ny m xc nh to ca cc im trn bin
dng ca chi tit gia cng. Tu theo hnh dng c th ca chi tit m la chn
im gc khng ca chi tit cho ph hp, tnh ton d dng. Trn bn my ca
trung tm gia cng c th g nhiu phi ti a l 6 phi. im gc to ca
phi th nht c xc nh bng G54, im gc to ca phi th hai c
xc nh bng G55 v n phi th 6 l G59. Gi tr to theo phng X,Y v
Z ca cc phi c khai bo trong bng: WORK OFFSET MEMORY.
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Bng khai bo gc to ca phi:

WORK OFFSET MEMORY
Y
1. G54
- 200.
- 100.
-150.
2. G55
- 300.
- 200.
-200.
3. G56
...........
..........
..........
4. G57
...........
..........
..........
5. G58
...........
..........
..........
6. G59
...........
..........
..........
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1.5. Lp t, bo qun bo dng my phay CNC
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Chng 2: LP TRNH PHAY CNC

M 34 - 2
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Mc tiu:
+ Xc nh, ci t c n v o trong my CNC.
+ So snh c ch ct khi phay my vn nng v phay CNC
+ Phn bit c cc lnh h tr v lnh ct gt c bn cng nh lnh chu trnh
trong phay CNC.
+ Lp c cc chng trnh ct gt c bn t c yu cu chi tit gia cng.
+M phng, sa c chng trnh gia cng hp l.
sng to trong hc tp.
2.1. Ci t cc thng s c bn cho phn mm iu khin phay CNC
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2.2. Cu trc chng trnh NC vit cho trung tm gia cng:

Chng trnh NC (Numerical Control) l ton b cc cu lnh cn thit
gia cng hon chnh mt chi tit trn trung tm gia cng. Cu trc ca mt
chng trnh NC c tiu chun ho theo tiu chun quc t (ISO
CODE).
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a. Tn chng trnh:
Tn chng trnh c bt u bng ch ci O, tip sau l 4 con s t 1

n 9999. Khi lp chng trnh mi cc con s i km theo ch ci O khng
c trng vi cc con s ca chng rnh c lp trc .
V d: O1; O12; O1234
Km theo tn chng trnh cn c cc ch thch, ch thch ny nhiu nht l

16 k t.
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b. S th t:
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V d: O0001 (Bai tap1);
Trong chng trnh chnh c nhiu phn chng trnh, mi phn chng
trnh cha nhng thng tin gia cng cho mt dao. Phn chng trnh bao gi
cng bt u t s th t N v kt thc bng M01 (lnh tm dng chng
trnh).
V d: N1; N12; N123; N12345
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S th t c bt u bng ch ci N, tip sau l 5 con s t 1 n 99999.
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Km theo s th t c th c cc ch thch, ch thch ny nhiu nht l 16 k

t.
V d: N100 (Phay);
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c. T lnh:
L n v nh nht trong chng trnh NC. T lnh bao gm hai phn: a
ch v gi tr.
V d:
X 50.
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Gi tr
T lnh
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d. a ch:
a ch
e. Gi tr:
om
L cc a ch m my cn phi thc hin.

V d: X50. My iu khin dao n a ch l trc X c to l 50mm.
a ch bao gm cc ch ci t A n Z.
L cc con s t 0 n 9 lun lun i km vi cc ch ci a ch c th
c gi tr m dng.
f. Cu lnh:
g. Phn chng trnh:
/da
p:/
htt
L mt dng lnh trong chng trnh, trong mt cu lnh c th c mt

hoc nhiu t lnh, cui mi cu lnh c du ;
V d: G54 G90 G00 X-50. Y50. ;
h. Chng trnh chnh:
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
Trong chng trnh chnh c nhiu phn chng trnh, mi phn chng trnh
cha nhng thng tin gia cng cho mt dao. Phn chng trnh bao gi cng bt
u t s th t N v kt thc bng M01.
V d:
N200 (Khoan);
G90 G00 X0 Y0;
S500 M03;
G43 Z5. H02;
G73 Z-15. Q5. F120;
G80 G91 G00 G28 Z0 M05;
G49;
T03;
M06;
M01;
15
yc
da
L ton b nhng thng tin cn thit gia cng hon thin mt chi tit
trn trung tm gia cng. Mt chng trnh chnh bao gi cng bt u bng ch
ci O (tn chng trnh) v kt thc bng M30.
V d:
O0001 (Bai tap 1);
............. Tn chng trnh.
G91 G00 G28 Z0;
............. V v tr thay dao.
T01;
.............. Gi dao s 1.
M06;
.............. a dao s 1 vo v tr lm vic.
M01;
.............. Tm dng chng trnh.
N100 (Phay);
.............. S th t.
G54 G90 G00 X-50. Y50. ;
.............. Xc nhn gc 0 ca phi s 1.
S800 M03;
.............. M trc chnh quay thun chiu (800
v/p).
G43 Z5. H01;
.............. B dao theo chiu di.
Z-5.;
.............. Dao di chuyn n to Z-5.
G01 Y-50. F200;
.............. Dao ct gt thng n to Y-50.
G00 Z5.;
.............. Dao di chuyn nhanh n to Z5.
G91 G28 Z0 M05;
............. V v tr thay dao.
G49;
............. Xo b b dao theo chiu di.
T02;
..............Gi dao s 2.
M06;
..............a dao s 2 vo v tr lm vic.
M01;
N200 (Khoan);
.............. S th t.
G90 G00 X0 Y0;
.............. Dao di chuyn nhanh n to
X0,Y0.
S500 M03;
.............. M trc chnh quay thun chiu (500
v/p).
G43 Z5. H02;
G73 Z-15. Q5. F120;
.............. Chu trnh khoan.
G80 G91 G00 G28 Z0 M05;
..............Xo b chu trnh khoan. V v tr
thay dao.
G49;
T03;
.............. Gi dao s 3.
M06;
.............. a dao s 3 vo v tr lm vic.
M01;
N300 (Ta ro);
.............. S th t.
......................;
......................;
......................;
M30;
.............. Kt thc chng trnh.
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
u.v
h. Chng trnh con:

L mt chng trnh ring bit khng thuc chng trnh chnh. Mc ch ca
chng trnh con l lp i lp li nhiu ln, gim vic phi vit nhng on
16
yc
da
chng trnh ging nhau trong chng trnh chnh. Mt chng trnh con bao
gi cng bt u bng ch ciO v kt thc bng M99.
V d:
O100;
G91 X32.5;
Y-65.;
X-65.;
M99;
@
nc
a
gm
2.3. Lnh, cu lnh phay CNC

2.3.1. Ngn ng lp trnh:
Lp trnh gia cng trn trung tm gia cng hu ht s dng ngn ng lp trnh
theo tiu chun quc t ISO CODE.
Nhm
G01
G02 01
G03
G17
G18 02
G19
G29
G40
G41 07
u.v
G42
.ed
nc
G28 00
yc
G27
/da
p:/
htt
G04
00
G10
om
G00
il.c
Bng cc lnh G v ngha ca cc lnh G.

ngha
Kt qu
Chy dao nhanh n Chy dao nhanh khng ct gt.
cc v tr
Ni suy ng thng
Dao ct gt thng
Ni suy cung trn cng Dao ct gt theo cung trn cng
chiu kim ng h
chiu kim ng h
Ni suy cung trn Dao ct gt theo cung trn ngc
ngc chiu kim ng chiu kim ng h
h
Lnh tr
Tm dng v tr tc thi
Np cc d liu
Thay i gi tr b dao
Xc nh mt phng gia Ct gt trong mt phng XY
cng l mt phng XY
Xc nh mt phng gia Ct gt trong mt phng XZ
cng l mt phng XZ
Xc nh mt phng gia Ct gt trong mt phng YZ
cng l mt phng YZ
Kim tra t ng trc Kim tra t ng im R
khi tr v im R
T ng khi tr v Tr v im gc to ca my
im R
(im R)
Tr v t im gc Tr v v tr ang ct gt t im
my (t im R)
gc my
B b bn knh dao
B chc nng b bn knh dao
B bn knh dao pha Dch dng chuyn dao sang tri
tri
mt lng bng bn knh dao
B bn knh dao pha Dch dng chuyn dao sang phi
phi
mt lng bng bn knh dao
17
yc
da
G43
08
G44
G45
@
nc
G46
00
G47
G49 08
G52
G53
G54
G55
G56
12
G58
G59
G65 00
12
G73
G74
09
G76
u.v
.ed
nc
G67
yc
G66
/da
p:/
htt
G57
om
00
il.c
a
gm
G48
B chiu di dao dng B thm 1 lng bng chiu di dao

B chiu di dao m
Tr i1 lng bng chiu di dao
Gia s t chn c b thm 1 ln
B thm 1 ln gia s
vo chiu di dao (hoc bn knh
dao)
Gia s t chn c tr i 1 ln vo
Tr i 1 ln gia s
chiu di dao (hoc bn knh dao)
Gia s t chn c b thm 2 ln
B thm 2 ln gia s
vo chiu di dao (hoc bn knh
dao)
Gia s t chn c tr i 2 ln vo
Tr i 2 ln gia s
chiu di dao (hoc bn knh dao)
B chc nng b chiu di dao
B b chiu di dao
(hoc bn knh dao)
Di chuyn gc to Di chuyn gc to ca phi mt
ca phi
lng X v Y
La chn to ca my nh mt
La chn to ca
im tham chiu vi gc to ca
my
my
La chn gc O ca
phi 1
La chn gc O ca
phi 2
La chn gc O ca
phi 3
To lp h thng gc O ca phi
La chn gc O ca
phi 4
La chn gc O ca
phi 5
La chn gc O ca
phi 6
Gi
chng
trnh
MACRO
Lp
chng
trnh
MACRO
Hu b chng trnh
MACRO
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan c nh
Chu trnh ta r ren tri Chu trnh ta r ren tri c nh
Chu trnh khot l c nh tm dng
trc chnh y l, dao dch chuyn
Chu trnh khot l
mt lng khng chm vo b
mt gia cng khi thot dao
18
yc
da
@
nc
G81
G82
G83
G84
G85
G86
G88
G90
G91
03
G92 00
G98
10
2.3.2.
/da
p:/
htt
G99
om
il.c
G89
a
gm
G87
Hu b cc chu trnh t G73 n

G89
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan l sut c nh
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan l kn c nh
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan l su c nh
Chu trnh ta r ren phi Chu trnh ta r ren phi c nh
Chu trnh doa l
Chu trnh doa l c nh
Chu trnh khot l c nh dng trc
Chu trnh khot l
chnh cui hnh trnh ct
Chu trnh khot l Chu trnh khot l ngc c nh
ngc
Chu trnh khot l c nh bc tin
Chu trnh khot l
iu khin bng tay
Chu trnh khot l c nh tm dng
Chu trnh khot l
bc tin y l
o theo to tuyt Cc gi tr c tnh theo to
i
tuyt i
o theo to tng Cc gi tr c tnh theo to
i
tng i
To lp im bt u To lp im bt u ca dao trong
ca dao
chng trnh
Tr v im trc khi Sau khi thc hin xong chu trnh tr
thc hin chu trnh
v im trc khi thc hin chu
trnh
Tr v im la chn Sau khi thc hin xong chu trnh tr
(im R) trc khi thc v im la chn (im R) trc khi
hin chu trnh
thc hin chu trnh
Hu b chu trnh
G80
Lp trnh theo to tng i v to tuyt i:
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
a. Lp trnh theo to tuyt i: G90

L phng php o m tt c cc knh thc u so vi gc khng ca
phi.
V d: Dao di chuyn t im hin hnh n im ch (hnh 2.9) cu lnh
c vit nh sau:
G00(G01) G90 X-5. Y5.;
b. Lp trnh theo to tng i: G91
L phng php o m kch thc c tnh t im hin hnh n im
ch.
V d: Dao di chuyn t im hin hnh n im ch (hnh 2.9) cu lnh
c vit nh sau:
G00(G01) G91 X-15. Y-5.;
19
yc
da
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Hnh 2.9
2.4. Ch ct khi phay CNC
om
2.5. Gii thiu cc lnh ct gt c bn phay CNC
2.5.1.
Lnh chy dao nhanh khng ct gt: G00
Lnh chy dao

nhanh
khng
ct gt
/da
p:/
htt
G00 l chc nng dao di chuyn nhanh khng ct gt t im hin hnh

n im ch.
Cu trc cu lnh nh sau :
G00 G90(G91) X ___ Y___ Z___ ;
o theo to
tuyt i hoc
tng i
To ca
im ch
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
V d:
20
yc
da
im ch
im hin hnh
im ch
a
gm
@
nc
im hin hnh
G91 G00 X30.
im hin hnh
G91 G00 Y30.
G91 G00 X40. Y20.
il.c
im ch
om
im hin hnh
/da
p:/
htt
G91 G00 X20. Y30. Z35.;
Hnh 2.10: Lnh G00
2.5.2. Lnh ni suy ng thng: G01
.ed
nc
yc
S dng G00 trong cc trng hp sau:

- Dao di chuyn nhanh t v tr thay dao n gn chi tit gia cng, khi gia
cng xong chy v v tr thay dao.
- G00 c s dng trong chng trnh khi cn di chuyn dao nhanh khng
ct tit kim thi gian gia cng.
Ch :
Khi dao di chuyn nhanh t v tr thay dao n gn chi tit gia cng cn
la chn ng i ca dao mt cch cn thn trnh va dao vo chi tit gia cng
hoc cc chi tit khc, khong cch ca im ch cch chi tit gia cng ti thiu
l 10mm.
u.v
G01 l chc nng dao di chuyn t im hin hnh n im ch theo ng

thng vi mt lng tin dao nht nh.
G01 G90(G91) X ___ Y___ Z ___ F ___ ;
21
yc
da
Lnh
ct
gt thng
V d:
Bc tin
mm/pht
To ca
im ch
@
nc
Y
P2
80
P4
il.c
40
a
gm
60
P1
20
P5
P6
20
40
om
0
(G54)
+ o theo to tuyt i: G90

P1P2: G01 Y80. F120;
P2P3:
X60.;
P3P4:
X100. Y50.;
P4P5:
Y30.;
P5P6:
X50. Y20.;
+ o theo to tng i: G91
P1P2: G01 Y50. F120
P2P3:
X30.;
P3P4:
X40. Y-30.;
P4P5:
Y-20.;
P5P6:
X-50. Y-10.;
P3
60
X
100
80
Hnh 2.11
/da
p:/
htt
Bi tp:
Bi tp 1: Vit cc lnh G00 dao di chuyn theo cc ng ct sau (hnh
2.12)
Y
P1
+60
P2
+40
P3
P0
.ed
nc
yc
+20
+20
+40
(G54)
+80
u.v
Hnh 2.12
+60
22
yc
da

2.13)
Y
@
nc
P5
25
P4
P3
24
10
a
gm
Po
P2
P1
20
il.c
52
om
Hnh 2.13

2.14)
Y
25
P2
P3
23
Po
P5
20
u.v
Ch :
Nu vit trong chng trnh:
X1 = 0,001 mm
X1. = 1 mm
.ed
nc
Hnh 2.14
yc
P6
11
34
23
/da
p:/
htt
P4
P1
23
yc
da
Du chm thp phn
Nu qun khng vit du chm thp phn sau cc gi tr cn thit my s

tnh theo n v l m. My khng nhn c li ny cho nn my vn thc
hin chng trnh bnh thng dn n sai hng chi tit v c th ph hng my.
@
nc
2.5.3. Lnh xc nh mt phng gia cng: G17,G18,G19:
om
il.c
a
gm
Hnh 2.15: Xc nh mt phng gia cng trn trung tm gia cng.
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Xc nh mt phng gia cng l chc nng la chn mt phng gia

cng trn my. Vic ny rt cn thit khi ct cung trn, khi khoan, b dao... Trn
trung gia cng c 3 mt phng gia cng l mt phng XOY, XOZ, YOZ. Tu
theo trung tm gia cng trc ng hay trung tm gia cng trc ngang m la
chn mt phng gia cng cho ph hp. Xc nh mt phng gia cng bng G17;
G18; G19:
G17 Xc nh mt phng gia cng l mt phng XOY (hnh 2.15);
G18 Xc nh mt phng gia cng l mt phng XOZ;
G19 Xc nh mt phng gia cng l mt phng YOZ;
.ed
nc
Mt phng XOY l mt phng nhn t chiu dng ca trc Z nhn v gc

to , t xc nh G02 l lnh ct cung trn cng chiu kim ng h G03 l
lnh ct cung trn ngc chiu kim ng h.
Mt phng XOZ l mt phng nhn t chiu dng ca trc Y nhn v gc
u.v
Mt phng YOZ l mt phng nhn t chiu dng ca trc X nhn v gc

24
yc
da
2.5.4. Lnh ni suy cung trn: G02,G03

G02,G03 l chc nng dao di chuyn t im hin hnh n im ch theo
cung trn vi mt lng tin dao nht nh.
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
G02 dao di chuyn theo hng cng chiu kim ng h.

G03 dao di chuyn theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h.
Hnh 2.16
Cu trc cu lnh (hnh 2.17):
/da
p:/
htt
Lnh ni suy cung trn c 2 cch vit:

+Cch 1: Vit theo bn knh R.
+Cch 2: Vit theo ta tm cung trn I, J, K so vi im u cung trn
I: ta tm cung trn so vi im u cung trng theo phng X
J: ta tm cung trn so vi im u cung trng theo phng Y
K: ta tm cung trn so vi im u cung trng theo phng Z
G02
I ___ J ___
X ___ Y___
G03
F ___ ;
R ___
To
im ch
Bn knh
cung trn
u.v
Lnh ni suy
cung trn
.ed
nc
yc
Ta tm cung trn so vi
im u cung trn theo 2
phng X v Y
Bc tin
25
yc
da
im cui cung trn

(im ch) X,Y
@
nc
im u
cung trn
Tm cung
trn
a
gm
om
il.c
Hnh 2.17: G03(G02) vit theo thng s I,J.

(G17 G03 X ___ Y ___ I ___ J ___ F ___ ;)
im cui cung trn

(im ch) X,Y
im u cung
trn
Tm cung
trn
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.18: G03(G02) vit theo R.

(G17 G03 X ___ Y ___ R ___ F ___ ;)
Trong mt phng XOZ mu cu lnh nh sau (hnh 2.18; hnh 2.19):
phng X v Z
yc
G02
I ___ K ___
X ___ Z ___
G03
R ___
F ___ ;
u.v
.ed
nc
G18
26
yc
da
im cui cung trn

(im ch) X,Z
@
nc
im u
cung trn
il.c
a
gm
Tm cung
trn
om
Hnh 2.19: G03(G02) vit theo thng s I,K.

(G18 G03 X ___ Z ___ I ___ K ___ F ___ ;)
im cui cung trn

(im ch) X,Z
Tm cung
trn
/da
p:/
htt
im u
cung trn
yc

(G18 G03 X ___ Z ___ R ___ F ___ ;)
Trong mt phng YOZ mu cu lnh nh sau (hnh 2.21; hnh 2.22):
.ed
nc
phng Y v Z
G02
Y ___ Z___
G03
___
F ___ ;
___
u.v
G19
27
yc
da
im cui cung trn

(im ch) Y,Z
Tm cung
trn
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
im u
cung trn
om
Hnh 2.21: G03(G02) vit theo thng s J,K.

(G19 G03 Y ___ Z ___ J ___ K ___ F ___ ;)
im cui cung trn

(im ch) Y,Z
Tm cung
trn
/da
p:/
htt
im u
cung trn

(G19 G03 Y ___ Z ___ R ___ F ___ ;)
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
V d: (hnh 2.23)
28
yc
da
im cui cung trn

(im ch) X,Y
Vit theo bn knh R:

+ o theo to tuyt i:
(G17 G90 G54)
G03 X60. Y70. R54. F120 ;
+ o theo to tng i:
(G17 G91)
G03 X-30. Y30. R54. F120 ;
Vit theo thng s I,J :
+ o theo to tuyt i:
(G17 G90 G54)
G03 X60. Y70.I-50. J-20. F120 ;
+ o theo to tng i:
(G17 G91)
G03 X-30. Y30.I-50. J-20. F120 ;
Tm cung
trn
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
im u
cung trn
Hnh 2.23
/da
p:/
htt
Ch :
Trng hp ct cung trn A: Ct cung trn c gc chn cung <180 (hnh
2.24).
(G17 G90 G54)
G02 X90. Y70. R40. F120;
Trng hp ct cung trn B: Ct cung trn c gc chn cung 180 n
nh hn 360 (hnh 2.24).
(G17 G90 G54)
G02 X90. Y70. R-40. F120;
im cui cung trn

(X=90; Y=70)
>180
<180
u.v
Hnh 2.24
Trng hp ct ng trn 360 (hnh 2.25):
G02(G03) I J K
.ed
nc
yc
im u
cung trn
29
yc
da
+ Ct ng trn 360 cng chiu kim ng h, im bt u ct ca cung

trn l im A:
(G17 G90 G54)
G02 I-30. F120;
+ Ct ng trn 360 ngc chiu kim ng h, im bt u ct ca
cung trn l im B:
(G17 G90 G54)
G03 J30. F120;
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Tm ng
trn
Tm ng
trn
Hnh 2.25
Bi tp:
Bi tp 1: Vit cc lnh dao di chuyn theo cc ng ct sau:
T im 1 2 3 (hnh 2.26).
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.26
Bi tp 2: Vit cc lnh dao di chuyn theo hng mi tn cc ng ct

sau:
30
yc
da
T im A P(ng trn) P B (hnh 2.27).
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Hnh 2.27
om
Bi tp 3: Vit cc lnh dao di chuyn theo cc ng ct sau: (hnh 2.28)

im
bt u
ca dao
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.28
31
yc
da
2.5.5. Lnh tr: G04

G04 l chc nng dao tm dng chuyn ng tin ti v tr tc thi mt
thi gian no ct phng y l. Thi gian dng ti thiu dao quay c
t 1 vng tr ln ct phng y l.
@
nc
G04
X ___
P ___
a
gm
Lnh tr
Thi gian
tr (giy)
om
il.c
Thi gian tr i theo X c tnh bng giy (s) v phi c du chm thp phn
sau gi tr ca X, thi gian tr i theo P c tnh bng micro giy (s):
G04 X1.;
Thi gian tr l 1 giy.
G04 P100; Thi gian tr l 0,1 giy.
Thi gian tr c tnh theo cng thc sau:
T =
/da
p:/
htt
Trong cng thc trn n l s vng quay ca trc chnh. Thi gian tr trong
chng trnh c chn ln hn thi gian tnh trong cng thc trn dao quay
c hn 1 vng ct phng y l.
V d: (hnh 2.29)
Vi tc trc chnh chn trong chng trnh bng 500 vng /pht, p dng
cng thc ta c:
60
= 0,12 (s)
500
Vy chn thi gian tr bng 0,15 giy.
+o theo to tuyt i: G90

S500;
G00 Z2.;
G01 Z-10. F100;
G04 X0.15.;
G00 Z22.;
+o theo to tng i: G91
..S500;
G00 Z-20.;
G01 Z-12. F100;
G04 P150;
G00 Z32.;
Hnh 2.29
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
Dao khot
32
yc
da
2.6. Gii thiu cc lnh h tr phay CNC

2.6.1. Cc chc nng ph
Bng cc lnh M v ngha ca cc lnh M.
M
ngha
Chc nng
M00
M01
Chc nng ny tm dng bc cng ngh,

Tm dng bc cng ging M00 khi n nt OPTIONAL
ngh
STOP sng, nu n ny tt th lnh M01
b b qua.
il.c
M02
a
gm
@
nc
Chc nng ny tm dng bc cng ngh.

Khi M00 c thc hin th trc chnh s
Tm dng bc cng
c dng, dung dch trn ngui s c
ngh
tt, chng trnh tm dng, mun tip tc
chy chng trnh bm nt START.
Kt thc chng trnh
om
Lnh ny c dng cui chng trnh,

khi gp lnh ny tt c cc hot ng ca
my u c dng
Kt thc chng trnh
M03
M trc chnh
thun chiu
quay
M trc chnh quay thun chiu ct gt.
M04
M trc chnh
ngc chiu
quay
M05
Dng trc chnh
Dng chuyn ng quay ca trc chnh.
M06
Thay dao
Thay dao t ng t tch dao vo trc

chnh.
M08
M dung dch trn ngui Phun dung dch trn ngui vo vng ct.
M09
Tt dung dch trn ngui
M19
Dng trc chnh v tr

Dng trc chnh mt gc no .
c bit
M21
i xng qua trc X
Dao ct v tr i xng qua trc X.
M22
i xng qua trc Y
Dao ct v tr i xng qua trc Y.
M23
Hu b lnh i xng
Hu b lnh i xng qua trc X v trc

Y.
M48
Hu b lnh M49
Hu b chc nng ca lnh M49.
M49
Hu b chc nng tng Hu b chc nng tng gim bc tin t
/da
p:/
htt
M30
Lnh ny c dng cui chng trnh

ging nh lnh M02. Khi M30 c thc
hin th tt c cc hot ng ca my u
c dng, con tr tr v u chng
trnh.
M trc chnh quay ngc chiu ct gt.
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
Tt dung dch trn ngui.
33
yc
da
nm vn ca bng iu khin, bc tin

c thc hin theo bc tin trong
chng trnh.
M57
ng k s th t dao
ng k s th t dao trong tch dao.
M98
Gi chng trnh con
Gi chng trnh con vo gia cng
M99
Kt thc chng trnh Kt thc chng trnh con v tr v

con
chng trnh chnh.
@
nc
gim bc tin
il.c
a
gm
2.6.2. Chc nng chn s vng quay trc chnh: S

Chc nng chn s vng quay trc chnh l chc nng c nh s vng
quay trc chnh tnh theo n v vng/pht. Mu cu lnh nh sau:
S..
om
V d:
S500 S vng quay trc chnh l 500 vng /pht.
S vng quay trc chnh c chn theo tc ct ca vt liu lm dao
v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
n =
1000.V
(vng/pht)
T
Chc nng chn dao
Nhiu nht l 2 con s km theo

(t 01 99)
............. Tn chng trnh.

............. V v tr thay dao.
............ Gi dao s 1 vo v tr chun b thay dao.
.............. a dao s 1 vo trc chnh.
.............. S th t.
.............. Xc nhn gc 0 ca phi s 1.
........... M trc chnh quay thun chiu (800 v/p)
............. V v tr thay dao.
..............Gi dao s 2 vo v tr chun b thay dao.
..............a dao s 2 vo trc chnh.
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
V d:
O0001 (Bi tp 1);
G91 G00 G28 Z0;
T01;
M06;
M01;
N100 (Phay);
G54 G90 G00 X-50. Y50. ;
S800 M03;
G91 G28 Z0 M05;
G49;
T02;
M06;
M01;
/da
p:/
htt
n: tc quay ca trc chnh.

V: tc ct (m/pht).
D: ng knh dao (mm).
2.6.3. Chc nng chn dao: T
Chc nng chn dao T l chc nng chn dao vo v tr chun b thay dao
trong tch dao. Mu cu lnh nh sau:
34
yc
da
N200 (Khoan);
............... S th t.
G90 G00 X0 Y0;
.......... Dao di chuyn nhanh n to X0,Y0.
S500 M03;
........... M trc chnh quay thun chiu (500 v/p).
G43 Z5. H02;
G73 Z-15. Q5. F120;
.............. Chu trnh khoan.
G80 G91 G00 G28 Z0 M05; .......... Xo b chu trnh khoan. V v tr thay dao.
G49;
T03;
..............Gi dao s 3 vo v tr chun b thay dao.
M06;
.............. a dao s 3 vo trc chnh.
M01;
N300 (Ta r);
.............. S th t.
M30;
.............. Kt thc chng trnh.
a
gm
@
nc
om
il.c
2.6.4. Chc nng t ng tr v im gc thng qua 1 im trung gian: G28

Chc nng t ng tr v im gc G28 l chc nng t ng tr v im gc
ta tham chiu ca my thng qua mt im trung gian.
Cu trc cu lnh nh sau:
G28 X ___ Y___ Z ___ ;
Lnh t ng
tr v im
gc
To ca im
trung
gian
trc khi tr v
im gc
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
V d: Dao ang im hin hnh nh hnh v, mun tr v im gc to

tham chiu ca my c hai cch vit:
Cho dao i qua im trung gian c to X=300; Y=250, sau tr v im
gc to ca my cch vit nh sau: (hnh 2.30)
+o theo to tuyt i: G90
G90 G54 G28 X300. Y250.;
+o theo to tng i: G91
G91 G28 X100. Y150.;
im gc to
35
ca my (R).
yc
da
@
nc
a
gm
im trung gian
trc khi tr v
im R.
im hin hnh
om
il.c
Hnh 2.30
Dao i thng t im hin hnh v im gc to ca my cch vit nh sau
(hnh 2.31):
G91 G28 X0 Y0;
.ed
nc
Hnh 2.31
yc
/da
p:/
htt
im hin hnh
(ng thi l im
trung gian)
im gc to
ca my (R).
u.v
Ch :
Chc nng t ng tr v im gc G28 thng s dng a dao v tr v v
tr thay dao. v tr thay dao dao s c thay t ng bng tay my. Vi trung
tm gia cng trc ng mu cu lnh nh sau:
G91 G00 G28 Z0;
Vi trung tm gia cng trc ngang mu cu lnh nh sau:
G91 G00 G28 X0 Y0;
36
yc
da
G00
G41
G17
G01
a
gm
@
nc
2.6.5. Chc nng b bn knh dao

a. Chc nng b bn knh dao:G41;G42
G41 t ng b bn knh dao sang pha tri ng ct ca dao.
G42 t ng b bn knh dao sang pha phi ng ct ca dao.
X ___ Y___ D ___ ( F ___ ) ;
G42
Lnh b bn
knh dao
S hiu b bn
knh dao
om
il.c
Ch :
Gi tr b ca dao khai bo trong my l bn knh dao hin hnh.
S hiu b bn knh dao D trong chng trnh phi ng vi a ch khai
bo bn knh trong my.
V d: ng knh dao hin hnh l 20 th gi tr b ca dao khai bo trong bng
gi tr b dao ca my l 10.
Trong hnh 2.32:
S hiu D01 c gn dao 10 (tc R5)
S hiu D02 c gn dao 20 (tc 10)
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.32
37
yc
da
ng dch
chuyn ca
tm dao
Dao
a
gm
@
nc
Hng b
dao
Hnh 2.33: ng dch chuyn ca tm dao khi b
il.c
B dao sang pha

phi ng ct ca
dao: G42
om
B dao sang pha

tri ng ct ca
dao: G41
Lng b bng
bn knh dao
/da
p:/
htt
Lng b bng
bn knh dao
Hnh 2.34: Hng b ca G41 v G42
G17
G00
.ed
nc
b. Chc nng b b bn knh mi dao:G40
yc
Ch :
Trc hoc trong cu lnh b bn knh dao phi c lnh la chn mt phng
gia cng: G17 (G18; G19).
Trong cu lnh u tin ca chc nng b bn knh dao ch c dng G00;
G01, nu dng G02; G03 my s khng thc hin c.
G40 X ___ Y___ ( F ___ ) ;
G01
u.v
Lnh bb bn
knh dao
38
yc
da
V d:
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Hnh 2.35: V d b bn knh dao
om
O: G17 G90 G00 X0 Y0 S400; La chn mt phng gia cng G17

O P1: G41 G00 X30. Y15. D01 M03; B pha tri ng ct ca dao G41
P1 P2: G01 Y65. F150;
P2 P3:
X50.
P3 P4: G02 X70. Y45. I20.;
Cc cu lnh thc hin vi G41
P4 P5: G01 Y25.;
P5 P6:
X20.;
P6 O: G40 G00 X0 Y0 M05; B b bn knh dao
Ch :
Trong cc cu lnh ang thc hin chc nng b bn knh dao phi lun lun
c gi tr ca X hoc Y. Nu hai cu lnh lin nhau no khng c gi tr X
hoc Y th my s t ng b b dao.
Bi tp:
Bi tp1: Vit chng trnh cho ng i ca dao nh hnh 2.36
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.36
39
yc
da
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
TT Yu cu
Chng trnh
1
Tn chng trnh:505
2
Mt phng gia cng X,Y.o theo to
tuyt i.Tc trc chnh 500
v/p. Dao di chuyn n to X0;Y0.
3
Dao di chuyn n to cch mt
trn ca chi tit 5mm. M trc chnh
quay thun chiu.
4
B dao sang pha tri ng ct ca
dao. S hiu b bn knh dao 01. Dao
di chuyn n im A.
5
Mt y dao di chuyn qu mt y
phi 2mm. M dung dch trn ngui.
6
Dao ct thng t A n B. Bc tin
120 mm/ph.
7
Dao ct cung trn t B n C.
8
Dao ct thng t C n D.
9
Dao ct thng t D n E.
10 Dao ct cung trn t E n F.
11 Dao ct thng t F n G.
12 Dao di chuyn n to cch mt
trn ca chi tit 5mm. Tt dung dch
trn ngui
13 B b bn knh dao. Tr v to
X0; Y0. Dng trc chnh
14 T ng tr v im R ca trc Z.
15 Kt thc chng trnh.
Bi tp 2: Vit chng trnh cho ng i ca dao nh hnh 2.37
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.37
40
yc
da
TT Yu cu
Chng trnh
1
Tn chng trnh:506
2
Mt phng gia cng X,Y.o theo to
tuyt i.Tc trc chnh 300
v/p. Dao di chuyn n to X0;Y0.
3
Dao di chuyn n to cch mt
trn ca chi tit 5mm. M trc chnh
quay thun chiu.
4
Mt y dao di chuyn qu mt y
phi 2mm. M dung dch trn ngui.
5
B dao sang pha tri ng ct ca
dao. S hiu b bn knh dao 02. Dao
ct t im O n im A. Bc tin
120 mm/ph.
6
Dao ct cung trn t A n B.
7
Dao ct cung trn t B n B.
8
Dao ct cung trn t B n C.
9
Dao di chuyn t C n O. B b bn
knh dao.
10 Dao di chuyn n to cch mt
trn ca chi tit 5mm. Tt dung dch
trn ngui
11 T ng tr v im R ca trc Z.
Dng trc chnh.
12 Kt thc chng trnh.
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
G43
Z ___ H___ ;
G44
Lnh b chiu
di dao
S hiu b
chiu di dao
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
2.6.6. Chc nng b chiu di dao

a. Chc nng b chiu di dao:G43;G44
G43; G44 l chc nng t ng b chiu di dao:
G43 t ng b chiu di dng.
G44 t ng b chiu di dao m.
u.v
S hiu b chiu di dao H phi ph hp vi chiu di dao thc. Gi tr b ca

dao c o thc t trn dao sau c np vo bng gi tr b chiu di dao
ca my.
41
yc
da
-150.
25.
-125.
Hnh 2.38: V d b chiu di dao G43
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
G91 G00 G43 Z-150. H01;

Lnh dch chuyn (Z):
Lng b chiu di dao (H01):
Lng di chuyn thc t (A):
G91 G00 G44 Z-150. H02;

Lnh dch chuyn (Z):
Lng b chiu di dao (H02):
Lng di chuyn thc t (B):
-150.
25.
-175.
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.39: V d b chiu di dao G44

b. Chc nng b b chiu di dao:G49
Cu trc cu lnh:
G49 Z ___ ;
Vi lnh G43 gi tr b s c cng vo lng dch chuyn theo phng Z
(hnh 2.38). Vi lnh G44 lng dch chuyn theo phng Z tr i gi tr b
(hnh 2.39). Vi lnh G49 cc gi tr b s c loi b.
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
42
yc
da
im R
ca my
@
nc
Khong cch
t gc 0 ca
phi
n
im R ca
my
Lng di
chuyn thc
t ca dao
il.c
a
gm
Gc
khng
ca phi
Lng dch chuyn

theo cu lnh trong chng trnh
Lng b chiu
di dao
om
G54 G90 G00 G43 Z5. H01 (H02);
Hnh 2.40: V d b chiu di dao s dng G43.
u.v
.ed
nc
Trong hnh
S hiu H5 c gi tr b 20
S hiu H6 c gi tr b 30
2.6.7. V d tng hp:
Vit chng trnh cho ng i ca dao nh hnh di
yc
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.40.1
43
yc
da
im bt u
ca dao
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Hnh 2.41: ng dch chuyn ca dao trong mt phng X; Y
V tr trc khi
dao tr v v tr
thay dao
yc
/da
p:/
htt
n
u.v
O0110 (Vi du 2);

G91 G00 G28 Z0;
T01;
M06;
M01;
.ed
nc
Hnh 2.42: ng dch chuyn ca dao trong mt phng X; Z
44
yc
da
N100 (Phay mt phng);

(1) G54 G90 G00 X70. Y-45. ;
S800 M03;
(2) G43 Z5. H01;
(3) Z0;
(4) G01 X-310. F200 M08;
(5) G00 Y-135.;
(6) G01 X70.;
(7) G01 X70. F200;
(8) G00 Z200.;
(9) X150. Y200. M09;
G91 G28 Z0 M05;
G49;
T02;
M06;
M01;
N200 (Phay bng dao phay ngn);
(10) G90 G00 X20. Y20.;
S500 M03;
(11) G43 Z5. H02;
(12) G01 Z-32. F200 M08;
(13) G17 G41 X0 Y10. D03;
(14) Y-120.;
(15) X-120. Y-180.;
(16) X-240.;
(17) Y-90.;
(18) G02 X-150. Y0. R90.;
(19) G01 X10.;
(20) G00 Z5. M09;
(21) G40 X20. Y20.;
(22) G00 Z200.
(23) X150. Y200.;
G91 G28 Z0 M05;
G49;
M30;
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
45
yc
da
2.7. Chu trnh gia cng:

Chu trnh gia cng l chu trnh t ng c vit trong mt cu lnh nh chu
trnh khoan l, chu trnh ta r ren, chu trnh khot l
Cc loi chu trnh:
@
nc
G
G73
G74
ngha
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh ta r ren tri
G76
G86
G87
G88
G98
G99
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
Cc im trong chu trnh:
/da
p:/
htt
G89
om
G80
G81
G82
G83
G84
G85
il.c
a
gm
Kt qu
Chu trnh khoan c nh
Chu trnh ta r ren tri c nh
Chu trnh khot l c nh tm dng trc
chnh y l, dao dch chuyn mt lChu trnh khot l
ng khng chm vo b mt gia
cng khi thot dao
Hu b chu trnh
Hu b cc chu trnh t G73 n G89
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan l sut c nh
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan l kn c nh
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan l su c nh
Chu trnh ta r ren phi Chu trnh ta r ren phi c nh
Chu trnh doa l
Chu trnh doa l c nh
Chu trnh khot l c nh dng trc
Chu trnh khot l
chnh cui hnh trnh ct
Chu trnh khot l Chu trnh khot l ngc c nh
ngc
Chu trnh khot l c nh bc tin
Chu trnh khot l
iu khin bng tay
Chu trnh khot l c nh tm dng bChu trnh khot l
c tin y l
Tr v im trc khi Sau khi thc hin xong chu trnh tr v
thc hin chu trnh
im trc khi thc hin chu trnh
Tr v im la chn Sau khi thc hin xong chu trnh tr v
(im R) trc khi thc im la chn (im R) trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
hin chu trnh
46
yc
da
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
@
nc
im R
Di chuyn1: Di chuyn n to X;Y

Di chuyn 2: Di chuyn nhanh n
im R
Di chuyn 3: Khoan
Di chuyn 4: Di chuyn y l
Di chuyn 5: Tr v im R
Di chuyn 6: Di chuyn nhanh v im
trc khi thc hin chu trnh
a
gm
im Z
om
il.c
Hnh 2.43
im R: cao an ton, im bt u gia cng
im R v Z trong cu lnh o theo ta tuyt i khc im R v Z trong cu
lnh o theo ta tng i: hnh 2.44
yc
/da
p:/
htt
u.v
.ed
nc
Hnh 2.44: im R v Z theo G90 v G91
Vic li dao c th l v cao an ton hay cao xut pht ty vo vic s

dng G98 hay G99 (hnh 2.45)
47
yc
da
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
@
nc
Tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
im R
im R
Tr v im R
(G99)
(G98)
om
il.c
a
gm
Hnh 2.45:
Cu trc cu lnh ca chu trnh:

G90
G98
G91
G99
X ___ Y___ Z __R __Q __P__F
L(K) ___;
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
G98: tr v im cao xut pht

Tr v im R (cao an ton)
G
: lnh la chn chu trnh.
X; Y; Z: to ca l gia cng.
R: cao an ton R.
Q: chiu su ca mi ln ct sau dng li b phoi, hoc lng dch chuyn
ca dao dao khng chm vo b mt gia cng khi thot dao.
P: thi gian dng li y l (thi gian tr).
F: bc tin.
L(K): s ln lp.
48
yc
da
a
gm
@
nc
il.c
Hnh a
Hnh b
Hnh 2.46: chiu su q ca mi ln ct sau dng li b phoi (hnh a),
hoc lng dch chuyn ca dao dao khng chm vo b mt gia cng khi
thot dao (hnh b).
L 4
om
L 3
L 2
im hin
hnh ca
dao
L 1
(G91) G .. X10. Y8. L4(K4);
/da
p:/
htt
Hnh 2.47: Chu trnh c lp 4 ln
G73 (G99)
G73 (G98)
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
Lnh hu b chu trnh:

Chu trnh c hy b bi lnh G80 v cng b hy b bi cc lnh: G00; G01;
G02; G03. Mu cu lnh nh sau:
G80 X ___ Y___ Z ___;
2.7.1. Chu trnh khoan: G73
Chu trnh khoan G73 l chu trnh m sau mi chiu su q ca mi ln ct sau
li li mt lng d = 0.1mm b phoi.
Mu cu lnh nh sau:
G73 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ Q ___ F ___ ;
49
yc
da
a
gm
@
nc
Gia cng xong

tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im Z
im Z
om
il.c
2.7.2. Chu trnh khot l: G76
Chu trnh khot l G76 l chu trnh khot tinh l sut, dng trc chnh y l
thi gian dng l P, dao dch chuyn sang ngang mt lng (q) i din vi mi
dao mi dao khng chm vo b mt gia cng khi thot dao.
Cu trc lnh nh sau:
G76 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ Q ___ P ___ F ___ ;
G76 (G98)
G76 (G99)
im R
/da
p:/
htt
Gia cng xong

tr v im
Trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
im R
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im Z
im tm
dng
.ed
nc
yc
im tm
dng
im Z
u.v

Chu trnh khoan G81 l chu trnh khoan l sut khi gia cng xong dao tr v
im R hoc im trc khi thc hin chu trnh bng G00.
50
yc
da
Cu trc lnh nh sau:

G81 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ F ___ ;
G81 (G98)
G81 (G99)
@
nc
Gia cng xong

tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
im R
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im R
il.c
a
gm
im Z
om
im Z

Chu trnh khoan G82 l chu trnh khoan l kn, tm dng bc tin y l vi
thi gian P. Khi gia cng xong dao tr v im R hoc im trc khi thc hin
chu trnh bng G00.
G82 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ P ___ F ___ ;
im R
Gia cng xong

tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
/da
p:/
htt
G82 (G98)
G82 (G99)
im R
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im Z
im tm
dng bc
tin
.ed
nc
yc
im tm
dng bc
tin
im Z
u.v

Chu trnh khoan G83 l chu trnh khoan l su m sau mi chiu su Q ca mi
ln ct sau dao li ln khi b mt chi tit gia cng thot phoi.
51
yc
da
G83 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ Q ___ F ___ ;

G83 (G98)
G83 (G99)
@
nc
Gia cng xong

tr v im
Trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
im R
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im R
om
il.c
a
gm
im Z
im Z
G84 (G98)
.ed
nc
yc
/da
p:/
htt
2.7.6. Chu trnh ta r ren phi: G84

Chu trnh ta r ren phi G84 l chu trnh m trc chnh o chiu quay y l
rt dao ln.
G84 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ F ___ ;
Trong chu trnh ny im R chn cch b mt chi tit gia cng ln hn
hoc bng 7mm. Bc tin chn ph hp vi bc ren theo cng thc sau:
F= SP
Trong :
F: bc tin trong chng trnh.
S: s vng quay ca trc chnh.
P: bc ren.
G84 (G99)
u.v
52
yc
da
Gia cng xong

tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
im R
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im R
a
gm
@
nc
o chiu
quay ca trc
chnh
im Z
o chiu
quay ca trc
chnh
im Z
om
il.c
2.7.7. Chu trnh doa l: G85
Chu trnh doa l G85 l chu trnh m dao ct ht chiu su ca l rt dao
ln khi l bng G01.
G85 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ F ___ ;
G85 (G98)
G85 (G99)
im R
/da
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Gia cng xong

tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im R
.ed
nc
yc
im Z
im Z
u.v
2.7.8. Chu trnh khot l: G86

Chu trnh kht l G86 l chu trnh m dao ct ht chiu su ca l dng trc
chnh rt dao ln bng G00.
53
yc
da
G86 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ F ___ ;

G86 (G98)
G86 (G99)
Gia cng xong

tr v im R
(G99)
im R
im R
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Gia cng xong

tr v im
trc khi thc
hin chu trnh
(G98)
Dng trc
chnh
im Z
Dng trc
chnh
om
im Z
/da
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htt
Ch khi s dng chu trnh:

Trc khi thc hin chu trnh trc chnh c m bng lnh M03. Nu trc
chnh dng chu trnh s c thc hin sau lnh M03 hoc lnh M04.
Trong khi thc hin chu trnh nu trong cu lnh no khng c gi tr to
X; Y; Z hoc X trong cu lnh ca G04 th chu trnh s khng c thc
hin.
V d:
G00 X ___ ;
G81 X ___ Y___ Z ___ R ___ P___ F ___ L ___ ;
.....Thc hin chu trnh
;
....... ...........................................................................Khng thc hin chu trnh
F ___ ;
...... ........................................................................Khng thc hin chu trnh
M ___ ;
..........................................................................Khng thc hin chu trnh
G04 X ___ ;
........................................................................Khng thc hin chu trnh
yc
.ed
nc
Trong chu trnh ang s dng G99 (dao tr v im R) th kt thc chu trnh
dao vn tr v im R.
Trong cu lnh thc hin chu trnh dao di chuyn theo to X; Y bng G00.
Khng c a cc lnh G00; G01; G02; G03 vo sau cu lnh thc hin chu
trnh. Nu a vo chu trnh s khng c thc hin.
V d 1: : Lp chng trnh khoan l theo th t nh hnh 2.48
u.v
54
yc
da
L 5
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
L2
L 3
@
nc
im bt
u ca
dao
L 4
im R
a
gm
L1
Hnh 2.48
il.c
om
Lp trnh theo to tuyt i: (G90)

G90 G54 G00 S200 M03;
(L 1) G99 G73 X10. Y-10. Z-25. R5. Q5. F150;
(L 2) Y20.;
(L 3) X20. Y10.;
(L 4) X30.;
(L 5) G98 X40. Y30.;
G80 X0 Y0 M05;
u.v
V d 2: Lp chng trnh khoan 4 l nh hnh 2.49
.ed
nc
yc
/da
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Lp trnh theo to tng i: (G91)

G91 G00 S200 M03;
(L 1) G99 G73 X10. Y-10. Z-30. R95. Q5. F150;
(L 2) Y30.;
(L 3) X10. Y-10.;
(L 4) X10.;
(L 5) G98 X10. Y20.;
G80 X-40. Y-30. M05;
55
yc
da
L 4
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
L 3
L 2
@
nc
L 1
im bt
u ca
dao
im R
il.c
a
gm
Hnh 2.49
om
o theo to tng i: (G91)

G91 G00 S200 M03;
G99 G73 X20. Y30. Z-30. R95. Q5. F150;
X20. Y10. L3;
G80 Z95.
X-80. Y-60. M05;
V d 3: Lp chng trnh khoan 4 l theo th t 1,2,3,4 (hnh 2.50)
Hnh 2.50
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
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O123;
G91 G28 G00 Z0;
T01;
M06;
G90 G54 G00 X-40. Y0 Z100. S600 M03;
Z5.;
(L 1) G99 G73 Z-35. R-10. Q5. F150;
(L 2) G98 Y-40.;
(L 3) X0.R5.;
(L 4) Y0.;
G80 M05;
G91 G28 G00 Z0;
T99;
M06;
M30;
V d 1: Lp chng trnh khoan 300 l theo 3 hng mi hng 100 l

ng knh 3mm, phi dy 10mm (hnh 2.51)
56
yc
da
a
gm
@
nc
Hnh 2.51
om
il.c
O125;
G91 G28 G00 Z0;
T01;
M06;
G90 G54 G00 X-300. Y50. Z100. S600 M03;
Z5.;
G99 G83 Z-12. Q2. F100 R3.;
G91 X10. L99;
G90 X-300. Y0;
G91 X10. L99;
Y-50.;
X-10. L99;
G80 G28 G00 Z0 M05;
T99;
M06;
M30;
/da
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Bi tp: Lp chng trnh gia cng chi tit nh hnh v. Gm c cc bc:

khoan 8.5, vt mp, ta r M10.
T01
Khoan 8.5
T02
Vt mp
T03
Ta r M10
Bc tin
20m/p
0.2mm/vg
12m/p
0.2mm/vg
8m/p
T. ct
u.v
Tn dao
.ed
nc
yc
Dao
57
yc
da
im thay
dao
a
gm
@
nc
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
om
il.c
im R
im Z
Hnh 2.52
2.7.9. Chng trnh chnh v chng trnh con:
Chng trnh c th chia thnh hai loi: chng trnh chnh v chng trnh con.
Chng trnh gc l chng trnh chnh, chng trnh c iu khin bi
chng trnh chnh gi l chng trnh con.
/da
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a.Chng trnh con:
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
L mt chng trnh ring bit khng thuc chng trnh chnh. Mc ch ca

chng trnh con l lp i lp li nhiu ln, gim vic phi vit nhng on
chng trnh ging nhau trong chng trnh chnh. Mt chng trnh con bao
gi cng bt u bng ch ci O v kt thc bng M99.
V d:
O100;
G91 X30.;
Y-60.;
X-60.;
Y60.;
M99;
Mu cu lnh kt thc chng trnh con: M99 P___ ;
V d : M99 P41;
M99: kt thc chng trnh con
P41: kt thc chng trnh con v tr v thc hin tip cu lnh N41.
Nu trong cu lnh M99 khng c P___ ; th khi kt thc chng trnh con tr
v thc hin cu lnh tip theo sau cu lnh M98.
58
yc
da
b.Mu cu lnh gi chng trnh con vo gia cng:
a
gm
@
nc
Chng trnh con c gi vo gia cng bng lnh M98. Mu cu lnh nh

sau:
M98 P ___ L ___ ;
M98 P ___;
P: tn chng trnh con
L: s ln lp
Nu khng c L trong cu lnh gi chng trnh con M98 th chng trnh con
c lp mt ln.
O200;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
M98 P201;
.....................;
.....................;
N12 .............;
.....................;
.....................;
M98 P202 L2;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
N14 .............;
.....................;
.....................;
M30;
Chng
trnh
con
om
il.c
Chng
trnh
con
Chng
trnh
chnh
.ed
nc
yc
Thc hin xong

chng trnh con tr
v cu lnh s 12
O202;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
M99;
/da
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O201;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
.....................;
M99 P12;
Thc hin xong 2 ln

chng trnh con tr v
cu lnh tip theo
u.v
Hnh 2.53: cu trc chng trnh chnh v chng trnh con
59
yc
da
Chng trnh
chnh
@
nc
Chng trnh
con
Chng trnh
con
Chng trnh
con
O002;
................;
................;
................;
M98 P003;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
M99;
O003;
................;
................;
................;
M98 P004;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
M99;
O004;
................;
................;
................;
M98 P005;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
M99;
O005;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
M99;
om
il.c
a
gm
O001;
................;
................;
................;
M98 P002;
................;
................;
................;
................;
................;
M30;
Chng trnh
con
Hnh 2.54: Chng trnh con c gi 4 ln
V d 1: Lp chng trnh gia cng chi tit nh hnh v bng dao phay
ngn (hnh 2.55)
im bt u
ca dao
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
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Hnh 2.55
60
Chng trnh con:

O0100 (Chng trnh con);
G91 G28 G00 Z0;

T01;
M06;
G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0 Z100.;
G41 X30. Y30. D01;
G17 G91 G00 S250 M03;
X30.;
M98 P100;
Y-40.;
X60.;
X-40.;
M98 P100;
G00 Z125.;
X-60. M05;
G40 X-20. Y-40.;
M30;
M99;
@
nc
O0001 (Chng trnh chnh);
a
gm
yc
da
o theo to tng i :
Chng trnh chnh:
om
il.c
o theo to tuyt i :
Chng trnh chnh:
Z-125.;
G01 Y50. F120;
Chng trnh con:
G91 G28 G00 Z0;

T01;
M06;
G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0 Z100.;
G41 X30. Y30. D01;
G54 X0 Y0;
M98 P100;
G55 X0 Y0;
M98 P100;
G54 X0 Y0 M05;
X60.;
Y40.;
X20.;
G00 Z100.;
G40 X0 Y0;
M99;
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
M30;
G01 Y80. F120;
/da
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G17 S250 M03;
Z-25.;
V d 2: Lp chng trnh gia cng chi tit nh hnh v gm 2 bc

khoan, ta r s dng chung mt chng trnh con (hnh 2.56)
61
yc
da
im bt u
ca dao
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
im thay
dao
/da
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htt
im trc
khi thc hin
chu trnh
im R
u.v
Lp trnh theo to tuyt i :
.ed
nc
Hnh 2.56
yc
im Z
62
yc
da

G17 G90 G54;
N201 T01 M06 (khoan);
G43 G00 Z100. H01 M08;

G98 G81 X0 Y0 Z-25. R3. F200;
M98 P50;
a
gm
@
nc
S500 M03;
M01;
G90G54 ;
il.c
T02 M06;
S200 M03;
om
G43 G00 Z100. H02 M08;

G98 G84 X0 Y0 Z-25. R10. F300.;
M98 P50;
M30;
X-100.;
X0;
/da
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Y-50.;
G80 G00 Z100. M09;

G91 G28 Z0 M05;
(M49);
M99;
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
G28 X0 Y0;
Bi tp: Lp chng trnh gia cng chi tit nh hnh v phay 4 l bng dao
phay ngn (hnh 2.57)
63
yc
da
im bt u
ca dao
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
im bt u
ca dao
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
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htt
Hnh 2.57
64
yc
da
Chng 3: VN HNH MY PHAY CNC

M 34 3
3.1.
a
gm
@
nc
Mc tiu:
+ Trnh by c tnh nng, cu to ca my phay CNC, cc b phn my v
cc ph tng km theo my
+ Trnh by c quy trnh thao tc vn hnh my phay CNC.
+ Vn hnh thnh tho my phay CNC ng quy trnh, quy phm m bo an
ton tuyt i cho ngi v my.
sng to trong hc tp.
Kim tra my v sa li chng trnh:
il.c
om
Sau khi lp trnh xong, m bo cho qu trnh chy my m bo an ton,

cng vic u tin ca ngi th phi kim tra v sa li chng trnh. Cng
vic kim tra v sa li chng trnh bao gm cc ni dung sau:
a. Kim tra s cu lnh ( N ):
Trong mt chng trnh s th t ca cu lnh ty chn t nh n ln c th

lin nhau hoc cch qung. S hiu ca cu lnh c biu th bng cc con
s. S hiu ny ty theo ngi lp trnh t.
V d: N01; N02; N03
Hoc : N01; N03; N07
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b. Kim tra v sa li lnh G:
m bo G00 v G01 c dng chnh xc khng b nhm ln.

Lnh G gm ch ci G v cc con s t 00 n 999.
V d 1:
G00 X80. Z5. Lnh ny cho bit chy dao nhanh n im ch c ta
X= 80. Z= 5.
V d:
G97 S200
G96 S150
Tc ct l 200 vng/pht.
Tc ct l 150 mt/pht.
d. Kim tra sa li lng chy dao ( F ):

Lng tin dao l 200 mm/pht.
u.v
V d:
F200
.ed
nc
c. Kim tra v sa li s vng quay trc chnh ( S ):
yc
V d 2:
G02 X60. Y-30. R5. Lnh ny cho bit dao s ct theo cung trn theo
chiu kim ng h vi bn knh R=5 n im c ta X= 60; Y= -30.
65
yc
da
e. Kim tra a ch dao T ( Tool ):
@
nc
Lnh T gi dao t tch dao vo v tr lm vic. Lnh T bao gm ch ci T v

cc con s ng sau n.
V d:
T03 ;
- T : Lnh gi dao.
- S 03 l s th t dao ( Dao s 03 ).
a
gm
f. Cc chc nng ph M ( Misceellaneous function ):
om
il.c
Chc nng ph M cn gi l chc nng tr gip

V d:
M08 : M dung dch trn ngui.
M09 : Tt dung dch trn ngui .
M03 : Trc chnh quay thun.
M04 : Trc chnh quay nghch.
M05 : Dng quay trc chnh.
.
M01 : Tm dng chng trnh.
M30 : Kt thc chng trnh.
g. Chy m phng trn my: ( GRAPHIC : Chy ha)
3.2.
/da
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htt
Sau khi nhp v ghi nh chng trnh vo my, cho my chy m phng
pht hin li ca chng trnh. T c th sa cha ti u ho chng
trnh.
Khi cho chy ch ny cc ng ct gt ca dao c minh ha bng
ha trn mn hnh. Trong ch ny c th cho chy m phng tng cu lnh
hoc chy m phng lin tc c chng trnh.
Nhp v gi tn chng trnh gia cng:
3.2.1. Nhp chng trnh:
yc
a. Nhp chng trnh vo my bng tay:
b. Nhp chng trnh vo my t a mm:
.ed
nc
Sau khi chun b chng trnh xong, bng cc nt k t v cc nt s trn

bn phm ca my np cc d liu vo bng tay.
C th chun b chng trnh trn WORD sau coppy vo a mm v np
vo my thng qua ng truyn cp.
3.2.2. Gi chng trnh gia cng:
u.v
u tin n vo nt MEM a my v ch ghi nh, sau n vo nt

mm a my sang ch tm kim (Search), tn cc chng trnh s
66
yc
da
hin ln mn hnh, la chn chng trnh, sau n vo nt RESET chn

chng trnh, cho chy chng trnh bng nt START.
3.3.
Tn v chc nng ca cc b phn trong bng iu khin my:
3.3.1. Bng iu khin mn hnh ( CTR control panel):
@
nc
Bng iu khin ny iu khin mn hnh CTR. Trn bng c cc nt, cc k

t, cc nt ch ci, cc nt chc nng son tho chng trnh.
om
il.c
a
gm
Hnh 3.1Tn v cc chc nng ca cc b phn ca bng iu khin CTR
/da
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htt
a. Mn hnh CTR:
y l mn hnh c chc nng hin ln nhng d liu ca chng trnh NC.

CTR l ch ci vit tt ca cc t : Cathode Ray Tube: n chn khng (n
pht hnh ca ti vi).
b. Nt khi ng li: RESET
c. Nt tr gip : HELP
yc
Nt ny khi ng li chng trnh NC khi my b treo khng hot ng

c hoc khi my phi tt khn cp.
d. Nt chuyn: SHIFT
.ed
nc
Nhn vo nt ny hng dn s dng s hin ln mn hnh.
Khi nhn vo nt chuyn (Shift ) cho php cc k t bn di pha bn phi

ca cc nt a ch c a vo my.
u.v
e. Cc nt mm (Soft key):
Cc nt ny la chn cc chc nng son tho, xa, ghi nh chng

trnh Cc nt ny hng pha di ca mn hnh CRT .
67
yc
da
f. Nt cc a ch (Address key):
Cc nt ny np cc ch ci v cc k hiu vo my.
g. Nt cc con s v gi tr (Numeric value key):

Cc nt ny np cc k hiu m v dng v cc gi tr bng s vo my.
@
nc
h. Nt thay i: ALTER
Mun thay i mt gi tr no trong chng trnh, di chuyn con tr n v
tr , nhp gi tr cn thay i sau nhn vo nt ALTER th gi tr cn
thay i s c a vo.
a
gm
i. Nt chn: INSERT
Chn thm d liu vo sau con tr khi n vo nt INSERT. Tng ng nt
ENTER trn bn phm ca my tnh.
il.c
k. Nt xo: DELETE
Nhn vo nt ny d liu v tr con tr s b xo.
om
l. Nt np vo: INPUT
Nt ny a cc ch ci, cc k hiu, cc gi tr bng cc con s c a

vo chng trnh NC.
m. Nt xo: CAN
Nt ny s xo i cc a ch, cc con s ngay pha trc con tr.
n. Nt dch chuyn con tr (mi tn):
p. Nt v tr: POS
/da
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Nt ny dch chuyn con tr theo hng mi tn.

o. Nt chuyn i trang:
Nt ny m tng trang trn mn hnh.
n vo nt ny mn hnh s hin ln gi tr ta X Yv Z ca my. Nu

OGIGIN. Cc nt ny dng nh mun thay i gi tr ca trc X ,Yv Z
kt hp vi cc nt mm PRESET v nt im gc <khng> ca phi.
q. Nt chng trnh: PROG
s. Nt b dao: OFFSETseting
Nhn vo nt ny nhp cc gi tr b dao.
t. Nt thng tin: MESSAGE
.ed
nc
yc
Nt ny dng son tho chng trnh, np chng trnh, xo chng trnh,

chn chng trnh.
Nt ny a ra mn hnh ton b tnh trng hot ng ca my.

Nt ny chy m phng kim tra chng trnh.
u.v
u. Nt chy m phng: custom graph
68
yc
da
3.3.2. Bng iu khin my:
Bng iu khin ny iu khin my. Trn bng c cc nt chc nng iu

khin my.
@
nc
a
gm
ON
OFF
il.c
IMERGENCY
START STOP
om
n
u.v
.ed
nc
yc
/da
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Hnh 3.2: Bng iu khin
69
Vng cc nt la chn ch hot ng:
yc
da
3.3.2.1.
om
il.c
a
gm
@
nc
Hnh 3.3: nt la chn ch
Phn ch t ng
Auto: Ch chy t ng t d liu b nh my
/da
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MDI (Manual Data Input). Ch ny ging cho php ngi s dng

nhp vo cc cu lnh v lu trong b nh tm. Khi thc hin cu lnh
xong my s xa ngay cu lnh . Ch ny ch yu dng chy
th.
EDIT: Ch nhp chng trnh v chnh sa chng trnh
Ch ny cho php son tho, kim tra, sa i chng trnh.
DNC: ch vn hnh my bng ngun d liu t bn ngoi
.ed
nc
yc
Phn iu khin bng tay
Jog: ch ny cho php ngi vn hnh iu khin ct gt th cng,

dng tay nhn nt iu khin trc trn bng iu khin. Trong ch
ny, lng n dao c iu khin bng nt FEED OVERRIDE
u.v
MPG: khi chc nng ny c chn, ngi dng iu khin trc bng
cch s dng tay cm (handle)
RAPID : Ch ny cho php iu khin di chuyn nhanh (khng ct
gt) cc trc) bng tay.
70
yc
da
ZRN (Zero): My s tr v im gc R khi chc nng ny c chn v

cc nt im gc trn my c tc ng.
Cc nt chc nng khc
@
nc
DRY RUN
OPTIONAL STOP
BLOC SKIP
SINGLE BLOCK
a
gm
il.c
Single Block: Nt chy tng cu lnh.

My s thc hin chy tng cu lnh trong chng trnh khi ch ny
c kch hot.
om
Optional Stop: Nt dng bc cng ngh.

Trong ch ny, my s dng khi c n cu lnh M01. Mun chy
tip chng trnh n vo nt START.
Dry run: Nt chy khng ct gt.
Ch ny chy khng ct gt kim tra chng trnh.
Block skip: Nt b qua cu lnh.
Khi c n du / u cu lnh, my s b qua cu lnh y khi nt ny
c kch hot
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Vng nt iu khin trc chnh:

Cc nt ny iu khin trc chnh quay thun hoc ngc chiu kim ng
h (Theo hng nhn vo mt u trc chnh) hoc dng trc chnh.
Nt CCW trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h.
Nt CW trc chnh quay cng chiu kim ng h.
Nt STOP dng trc chnh.
E Stop (emergency stop): Nt tt khn cp
u.v
.ed
nc
Feed Hold: Nt dng bc tin dao
yc
Cycle Start: Nt chy my t ng:

Nt ny cho my chy t ng theo chng trnh, hoc chy tng cu
lnh.
71
yc
da
3.3.2.2. Tay quay in t (hand wheel):

Vng tay quay in t c cc nt la chn cc trc X,Y,Z, iu khin. Ngoi
ra cn c cc nt la chn gi tr ca mi vch trn tay quay in t.
a
gm
@
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FANUC
om
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Hnh 3.4: tay quay in t:
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Cc bc vn hnh trung tm gia cng:

Cc bc vn hnh
trung tm gia cng
@
nc
Bn v
Sp t dao
Khai bo dao
Chun b dao
G t ln
bn my
(Chng trnh)
R g cho m
t song song
vi bn my
Chun b quy trnh cng ngh

gia cng
/da
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Np gi tr
b dao
om
il.c
a
gm
Chun b th
tc cng ngh
trn my
Kim tra cc cng vic trn

my:
1- Cc bc gia cng
2- Ch ct gt
3- Chun b dao
4- Chun b phi v
cc cng vic khc
Nhp v gi chng trnh
Kp cht phi
t im khi u ca dao
T ng gia cng
u.v
Sn phm
.ed
nc
Chy th chng trnh
yc
Kim tra chng trnh
C nh phi
73
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Lp cc bc gia cng:
Th t gia cng c lp thnh chng trnh v np vo my.
@
nc
Kim tra iu kin ct gt ca cc dao:

Kim tra cc dao c s dng trong chng trnh v cc yu t ct: v; s; t
ca cc dao cho ph hp.
Khai bo dao:
Kim tra th t cc dao g trong tch dao, khai bo dao.
a
gm
Cc cng vic chun b:

Chng trnh phi c chun b trc, kim tra k lng trc khi np vo
my, khi np xong chng trnh vo my cho chy m phng, kim tra v
sa li chng trnh. Chun b dao, chun b g kp phi, g t phi...
om
il.c
C cc phng php kim tra chng trnh nh : chy m phng, chy

khng ct gt, chy ct th trc tip trn chi tit ch chy tng cu
lnh.
Ct th l cng vic kim tra chng trnh ln cui, ct gt thc t trn
chi tit. Khi ct gt hon chnh mt chi tit, v chi tit phi m bo
yu cu k thut ca bn v mi tin hnh gia cng t ng. Ct th
bng ch chy tng cu lnh.
Vn hnh t ng my: Chi tit gia cng c t ng hon thin trn
my bng vic chy t ng chng trnh.
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Chng 4:GIA CNG PHAY CNC

M 34 4
a
gm
@
nc
Mc tiu:
+ Trnh by c cc yu cu k thut khi phay.
+ Vn hnh thnh tho my phay CNC gia cng ng qui trnh qui phm,
t cp chnh xc 8-6, nhm cp 7-9, t yu cu k thut, ng thi gian
qui nh, m bo an ton cho ngi v my.
+ Gii thch c cc dng sai hng, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc.
sng to trong hc tp.
4.1. Phay mt phng
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4.2. Phay bc, cong, cung
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4.3. Phay theo bin dng.
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4.4. Khoan l.
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4.5. Tar
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4.6. Phay mt 3D c lp trnh bng phn mm CAD/CAM
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TI LIU THAM KHO
om
il.c
a
gm
@
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1. Trn Th San, Nguyn Ngc Phng, S tay lp trnh CNC, NXB Nng,
nm 2006
2. Peter Smid, CNC programming handbook, Industrial Press Inc, 2003
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Giao Trinh KT Phay CNC - Trung Tâm CNC-W

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Giao Trinh KT Phay CNC - Trung Tâm CNC-W

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B LAO NG THNG BINH V X HI

TRUNG TM O TO V GIA CNG CNC

Chng 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MY CNC .................................................. 1

1.2. Cu to chung ca my phay CNC ................................................................ 3

1.5. Lp t, bo qun bo dng my phay CNC ............................................ 12

Chng 2: LP TRNH PHAY CNC ..................................................................... 13

2.3. Lnh, cu lnh phay CNC ............................................................................. 16

2.4. Ch ct khi phay CNC ............................................................................. 19

Lnh chy dao nhanh khng ct gt: G00........................................................ 19

2.6. Gii thiu cc lnh h tr phay CNC ........................................................... 32

2.7. Chu trnh gia cng: ....................................................................................... 45

Chng 3: VN HNH MY PHAY CNC ........................................................... 64

Nhp chng trnh: ...................................................................................... 65

3.3. Tn v chc nng ca cc b phn trong bng iu khin my: ................ 66

Bng iu khin mn hnh ( CTR control panel): ....................................... 66

Chng 4:GIA CNG PHAY CNC ....................................................................... 74

4.4. Khoan l......................................................................................................... 77

TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................... 80

Chng 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MY CNC

1.1. Qu trnh pht trin:

Qu trnh pht trin ca cng ngh ch to v my ct kim loi tri qua cc

Nm 1863: MFO URNEAUX pht minh n dng cm t ng ni

Nm1948 1952: T.PARSON v vin cng ngh MIT. (Massachusetts

Nhng v tr c tnh ra trn mt bin dng c ghi nh vo ba

Cc ng c SERVO (v cp tc ) c th iu khin c chuyn

Nm1957: Nhng my phay u tin c trong cc phn xng ca khng

Nm 1958: KERNEY v TRECKER lin kt gii thiu h thng thay dng

Nm 1968: K thut mch tch hp IC (Intergrated Circuits) lm cho cc

+ Nm 1970: Gii php thay th b phin g phi t ng (Automatic

Nm 1972: H iu khin NC u tin c lp mt my vi tnh nh. l h

Nm 1979: Nhng khp ni lin hon CAD/CAM thit k v ch to c

Nm 1980: Trong khi pht trin ca cng c tr gip lp trnh tch hp

Nm 1984: Xut hin h iu khin CNC c cng nng mnh m c

Nhng nm (1986-1987): Nhng giao din tiu chun ho (Standard

T nm 1994 n nay: Khp kn chui qu trnh CAD/CAM/CNC bng

Phn chp hnh

Chng trnh iu khin

Chi tit gia cng

1.2.1. Phn iu khin: Gm chng trnh iu khin v cc c cu iu khin.

gii m, c cu chuyn i, b x l tn hiu, c cu ni suy, c cu so snh, c

1.2.2. Phn chp hnh:

Gm my ct kim loi v mt s c cu phc v vn t ng ha nh cc c

1.3. Cc b phn chnh ca my:

Hnh 1.1:Trung tm gia cng trc ng

Hnh 1.2:Trung tm gia cng trc ngang

Trung tm gia cng c cc b phn chnh sau:

Trc chnh ging nh trc chnh ca my phay CNC c phn cn u

Bn my c cng dng g phi. Bn my c th di chuyn theo

Thn my c cng dng cc b phn ca my.

B phn thay dao t ng c tch dao v tay my thay dao t ng

1.3.6. Mt s dao gia cng trn trung tm gia cng:

b) Dao phay ngn:

1.4. c im c trng ca trung tm gia cng:

xc nh cc v tr ca cc b phn my trong qu trnh chuyn ng, v

Cc chuyn ng tnh tin c biu din theo h trc to vung gc

Hnh 2.1: H trc ta theo qui tc bn tay phi.

Quy tc bn tay phi:

Trc Y l trc vung gc vi trc X v trc Z. Chiu dng ca trc Y l

Trc A l trc quay quanh trc X.

Hnh 2.3:Trung tm gia cng trc ngang.

Ch : Xc nh chiu m dng ca dng c ct vi quy c l: Dng c ct

Chi tit gia cng