ang ph k

Phn ln cc phn tch quang ph thc hin vng

nh sng nhn thy. Mt s khc thc hin vng hng
ngoi, t ngoi, tia X. Tuy nhin khng thy ni n s
dng vng tia gamma.
Trong quang ph k th phn c bn nht, l dn chm
nh sng cha thng tin a ti khi khc x phn
tch nh sng theo bc sng, ri ti u d xc nh
cng sng ti mi bc sng.
Trong quang ph pht x th vch ph c trng hin
ra l vch sng, v d quang ph pht x plasma cm
ng (ICP, Inductively-Coupled Plasma)[2] . Chng d
o v phn tch vi nn ti ca ph. Tuy nhin vic
nung nng thng lm ph hy mu vt, nn phng
Spectrophotometer
cch o ny thng c dng trong phn tch hm
lng nguyn t. Ngoi ra n c dng trong nghin
ang ph k (Spectrophotometer) l cc thit b hot cu v tr xc nh thnh phn vt cht cc ngi sao
ng da trn phn tch quang ph ca nh sng, nhm pht sng, hoc trong kim tra cht lng nh sng ca
thu c cc thng tin v thnh phn, tnh cht hay cc kiu n chiu sng.
trng thi ca nhng khi vt cht lin quan n chm Trong quang ph hp th th vch ph c trng hin
nh sng .[1] Phn tch quang ph l phng php ra l vch ti, nn d b nhiu lon. Tuy nhin php o
hng u trong ha phn tch.
khng gy ph hy mu, nn thng c dng trong
ng thng th ang ph k xc nh phn b phn tch hm lng hp cht, c bit l xc nh hm
[3]
cng nh sng theo bc sng ca nh sng do lng cht hu c. La chn vng ph cn ch n
khi vt cht no t pht ra, hoc phn x hay mu vt c xy ra hin tng hunh quang vi nh sng
truyn qua n. Nhng khi vt cht khc nhau c c hay khng.
tnh pht quang hay hp th nh sng vi cc bc Trong thc t u d ch c th pht hin nh sng
sng, hay mc nng lng ca photon, xc nh. Chng trong di bc sng v cng ti thiu xc nh.
thng c ni n l cc vch quang ph. o cng Chng hin ra trong ch tiu k thut ca my o c
nh sng cc bc sng (hay cc vch ph) c th no , l " phn gii ph" v " nhy.
trng ny cho php xc nh t l (hay hm lng) ca
cht tng ng trong mu vt cn nghin cu.

Nguyn tc c bn

Phn tch quang ph c hai dng o c bn da trn

ngun pht sng:

Quang ph k tia n

ang ph pht x: Phn tch quang ph ca nh

sng do mu vt pht ra khi c nung nng
n nhit cn thit, hoc vn l cc khi vt
cht nng sng nh Mt Tri, cc v sao, Trong
trng hp ny c th xc nh c c nhit
ca mu vt.

V rng trong ha phn tch quang ph th xc nh nh

lng cng sng l vic bt kh thi v khng cn
thit, nn trong phn tch ngi ta thc hin theo quy
trnh o so snh vi mu chun, tc l so kt qu vi
cc mu c hm lng vt cht bit trc tnh ra cho
mu vt cn phn tch.[4] y trnh o c cc bc:

ang ph hp th: Dng nh sng chiu di vo

khi vt cht, v quan st phn nh sng phn x
hay truyn qua mu vt.

1. o vi cc mu chun
2. o cc mu vt cn phn tch
1

5 THAM KHO
3. o vi cc mu chun

mu t n u d v 70% khc c hp thu bi cc

mu. Hp th th km trc quan hn, nu A = 0, khng
i gian c php o mu vt gia hai ln chun ty c photon c hp th, v nu A = 1,00, th 90% photon
thuc thit b o, v thng c nh cung cp thit b c hp thu; ch c 10% n u d. Nu A = 2,00, th
99% photon c hp thu; ch 1% n u d. l hp
nu trong hng dn s dng.
th, tuy nhin, n hin th mt cch d dng ph thuc
vo l v c (nh lut Beer), v nh vy, hu ht cc nh
phn tch chn d liu bo co l hp th hn l truyn
2 o bng quang ph k
qua.
Trc tin, o cng ca nh sng (I 0) i qua
mt mu chun. Mu chun l mu khng cha
cc cht hp th nh sng. Vic chun mu ny l
cn thit bi v cc ngn ng tn x mt t nh
sng.
hai, o cng ca nh sng (I) i qua cc
mu o.
ba, cc d liu th nghim c s dng
tnh ton 2 i lng: truyn qua (T) v hp th
(A).

3 ng dng
Mt trong nhng ng dng ph bin nht ca
spectrophotometry l xc nh nng mu lng.
nghim khai thc nh lut Beer, l ng d
bo mi quan h gia hp th ca mu lng v nng
phn tch (gi s tt c cc tham s thc nghim
khng thay i).

Trong thc t, mt lot cc mu chun c chun

b. Mt mu chun l mt mu m nng phn tch
T = I/Io
c bit mt cch chnh xc. Ph hp th ca cc mu
A = -log T
chun o lng v c dng lm ng cong hiu
chnh, m trong trng hp ny l mt th ca
Trong phm vi m mt mu hp th nh sng ph hp th v nng . Cc im trn ng cong hiu
thuc mnh m vo bc sng nh sng. V l do ny, chnh nn cn chnh thng hng.
spectrophotometry s dng nh sng n sc. nh Cc mu lng cha bit c phn tch sau . Ph hp
sng n sc l nh sng trong tt c cc photon th ca cht cha bit c giao vi ng cong hiu
c cng bc sng.
chnh xc nh nng . Cc d liu thu c t cc
phn tch cc mu mi, ngi phn tch u tin s tiu chun c s dng v ng thng. dc
xc nh ph hp th. Ph hp th hin th s hp th v cc giao im ca nhng ng ny cung cp mt
nh sng ty thuc vo bc nh sng. Ph chnh l mi quan h gia hp th v nng : A = slope c +
ph thuc ca hp th vi bc sng nh sng v l intercept
c tnh ca bc sng
max) m s hp th l
ln nht.
Gi tr ca max l rt quan trng v mt vi l do. Bc
sng ny l c tnh ca mi hp cht v cung cp cc
thng tin v cu trc in t ca mu phn tch. c
s nhy cao nht v gim thiu sai lch t nh lut
Berr, ta phn tch bng cch s dng nh sng vi bc
sng cn max. eo nh lut Beer, hp th l 1
ng tuyn tnh ph thuc vo b dy mu v nng
mu phn tch.
A = e lc
b dy mu l (cm), nng mu c (mol/l), e kh nng
hp th mol ( l.cm/mol)
i lng e l kh nng hp th mol; trong ti liu c,
i khi n c gi l h s tt. Kh nng hp th mol
l khc nhau vi tng bc sng nh sng c s dng
trong o lng. Cc ph hp th i khi hin th theo
e vs lamda hn l A v lamda.
Truyn qua li l mt i lng d dng hn hiu
hn hp thu. Nu T = 30%, th 30% photon i qua cc

4 Ch dn
5 Tham kho
[1] Allen, D., Cooksey, C., & Tsai, B. (2010, October 5).
Spectrophotometry. Retrieved from http://www.nist.
gov/pml/div685/grp03/spectrophotometry.cfm
[2] Stefnsson A, Gunnarsson I, Giroud N (2007). New
methods for the direct determination of dissolved
inorganic, organic and total carbon in natural waters
by Reagent-Free Ion Chromatography and Inductively
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal.
Chim. Acta 582 (1), p. 6974. PMID 17386476.
[3] Rendina, George. Experimental Methods in Modern
Biochemistry W. B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia,
PA. 1976. p. 46-55
[4] antitative Chemical Analasys, 8 Edition, Daniel C.
Harris; ISBN 978-1-4292-1815-3

Xem thm

Lin kt ngoi

8 NGUN, NGI NG GP, V GIY PHP CHO VN BN V HNH NH

Ngun, ngi ng gp, v giy php cho vn bn v hnh nh

8.1

Vn bn

ang ph k Ngun: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quang_ph%E1%BB%95_k%E1%BA%BF?oldid=22188265 Ngi ng gp: Mekong

Bluesman, DHN-bot, JAnDbot, ijs!bot, Luckas-bot, Xqbot, Tranletuhan, Tnt1984, EmausBot, ZroBot, WikitanvirBot, Mjbmrbot,
Addbot, Gaconnhanhnhen, BacLuong v 3 ngi v danh

8.2

Hnh nh

Tp_tin:Spektrofotometri.jpg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Spektrofotometri.jpg Giy php: Public

domain Ngi ng gp: Tc phm do chnh ngi ti ln to ra Ngh s u tin: Skorpion87
Tp_tin:Spetrophotometer-en.svg Ngun: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Spetrophotometer-en.svg Giy
php: GFDL Ngi ng gp: Tc phm do chnh ngi ti ln to ra Ngh s u tin: is vector image was created with Inkscape.

8.3

Giy php ni dung

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