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A.OXIT AXIT
1).Oxit axit + H2O axit
VD:

CO2 + H2O
SO2 + H2O ..
SO3 + H2O .
N2O5 + H2O ..
P2O5 + H2O .

Ch 1:
NO2 + H2O (HNO2

Nn: NO2 + H2O .

Nu c mt oxi th: NO2 + O2 + H2O .
Ch 2: CrO3 l mt oxit axit
ng thi

2).Oxit axit

CrO3 + H2O ......................... (axit cromic)

CrO3 + H2O ....................... (axit icromic)

oxitbazo Mui

(K2O, BaO, CaO, Na2O, Li2O)

VD: CO2 + CaO .
N2O5+ CaO
SO2 + BaO ..
SO2 + K2O
SO3 + BaO ..

SO3 + Na2O ..

3).Oxit axit

Bazo (tan)

Mui

H2 O

(KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, LiOH)

VD: N2O5 + KOH .
CO2 + KOH ..
CO2+ KOH
SO2+ NaOH
SO2 + NaOH
SO3+ Ba(OH)2 ..
SO3+ Ba(OH)2 .
Ch 1: NO2 + Bazo(tan) mui (NO3-) + mui (NO2-) + H2O
VD: NO2 + NaOH ;
NO2 + Ba(OH)2
Ch 2: CrO3 + Bazo (tan) Mui (CrO42-) + Mui (Cr2O72-) + H2O
VD : CrO3 + NaOH ... ;
CrO3 + Ba(OH)2
Ch 2: P2O5 + 2NaOH + H2O ..
P2O5 + 4NaOH .
P2O5 + 6NaOH
P2O5 + 6KOH
P2O5 + 2KOH + H2O ..
P2O5 + 4KOH .
4). iu ch: phikim + O2 oxit
to
VD: C + O2..
to
; S + O2.
to
P + O2

B.OXIT BAZO

1) Oxit bazo

H2 O

Bazo

(K2O, BaO, CaO, Na2O, Li2O)

VD: K2O + H2O
BaO + H2O ..
CaO + H2O ..
Na2O + H2O .
Li2O + H2O ..
2) Oxit bazo + oxitaxit Mui
VD: CO2 + CaO

N2O5 + CaO ..
SO2 + BaO

SO2 + K2O
SO3 + BaO

...

SO3 + Na2O
3) Oxit bazo + axit Mui + H2O
VD: Fe2O3 + HCl ..
FeO + H2SO4 .
CuO + HBr .
Al2O3 + HNO3
Ch :Ring Fe3O4 + Axit 2 mui + H2O
VD: Fe3O4 + HCl ..
Fe3O4 + H2SO4(long)
4) Oxit bazo (MxOy) + nhm cht kh (CO, C, H2, NH3, Al)
Ca kl ng sau Al
to
MxOy + CO ..
to
MxOy + C
to
MxOy + H2
to
MxOy + NH3.
to
MxOy + Al
to
VD: Na2O + CO

to
FeO + CO .
to
CuO + NH3
to
CuO + H2
5) iu ch : kim loi + O2 oxit kim loi
to
VD: Cu + O2 CuO ,
to
Al + O2 Al2O3 ;
to
Fe + O2 Fe3O4

C.BAZO
1) Bazo(tan) + oxit axit Mui + H2O
VD:

CO2 + NaOH ..
CO2 + NaOH .

2) Bazo + axit Mui + H2O

VD: NaOH + H2SO4
KOH + HCl .
Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 .
3) Bazo(tan) + Mui(tan) Mui (mi) + Bazo(mi)
K: sn phm phi c kt ta hoc bay hi
VD:NaOH + NH4Cl ..
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 ..
KOH + Fe(NO3)3 ..
4) Bazo(tan) + Hidroxit lng tnh Mui kim loi + H2O
Al(OH)3

Cr(OH)3

HAlO2.H2O HCrO2.H2O
AlO2-

CrO2-

Zn(OH)2
H2ZnO2
ZnO2-

VD: KOH + Zn(OH)2 .....................................

VD: NaOH + Al(OH)3 .....................................
C th vit to thnh Na[Al(OH)4].
D th no khi lm bi thi kt qu ko thay i )
5) Bazo(tan) + Oxit kim loi lng tnh Mui kim loi + H2O
VD: Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 ...............................................
ZnO

+ KOH ..

6) Bazo(tan) + Kim loi lng tnh Mui kim loi + H2

VD: Al + NaOH + H2O ...................................................
( kim loi lng tnh ha tr 3 khi p nh vit cng thm H2O mi cn bng c)
VD: Zn + 2NaOH ....................................
Zn + Ba(OH)2 ...........................................

Ch 1:
bazo tan KOH , NaOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 , LiOH
(khi no bn cn li)
Ch 2:
Mui kim loi + axit (tc H+) + H2O hidroxit lng tnh + mui
VD: NaAlO2 + HCl+ H2O .......................................................
NaAlO2 + CO2 + H2O ......................................................
NaAlO2 + SO2 + H2O ..................................................
to
7) Bazo (khng tan)oxit kim loi + nc
to
to
VD: Fe(OH)2 ; Fe(OH)3 ..
to
to
Cu(OH)2 ; Mg(OH)2
Ch 1:
Nung Fe(OH)2; Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh th p xy ra nh sau
to
Fe(OH)2 + O2 .
Cr(OH)2 + O2 .
Ch 2: Fe(OH)2 lu ngy trong khng kh th
Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O ..
8) iu ch bazo tan
Cho kim loi tan( K, Ba, Ca, Na,Li) c trong nc phn ng vi H2O
K + H2O .......................................
Na + H2O ......................................
Ba + H2O .................................................
Ca + H2O ..........................................................

D.Axit
1) Axit + oxit bazo Mui + H2O
VD: HCl + FeO
H2SO4 + Fe3O4 ..
HCl + MgO

2) Axit + bazo mui + nc

VD: HCl + Fe(OH)2 ..
H2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 ..
HNO3 + NaOH
3) Axit + Mui Axit (mi) + Mui (mi)
K: sp phi c cht kt ta hoc bay hi hoc axit mi yu hn axit b
VD: Na2CO3 + HCl
BaCl2 + H2SO4 .
CaCO3 + H2SO4
Ch :
Axit mnh : ..
Axit trung bnh v yu:
4) Axit + Kim loi Mui + H2
K: kim loi phi ng trc Hidro trong dy in ha
VD: Fe + HCl .
Zn + H2SO4(long)
Ch 2: Khi cho kim loi tan c trong nc vo dung dch Axit th
trc ht kim loi s tc dng vi axit trc .Sau nu kim loi cn
d ,n s tc dng ngay vi H2O c trong dung dch axit
VD: cho Ba vo dung dch H2SO4 long th p s xy ra nh sau
Trc ht Ba + H2SO4
Sau nu Ba d th

Ba + H2O

Ch : i vi nhng axit c tnh oxi ha mnh nh HNO3 v H2SO4c

th p xy ra theo cu trc khc nh sau
+ HNO3 +

tr (Au,Pt)

..

NO, NO2, N2O, N2, NH4NO3

+ H2SO4 +

tr(Au,Pt)

..

..

SO2, S, H2S

Ring Al, Fe, Cr khng p vi HNO3 c ngui , H2SO4 c ngui

VD: Cu + HNO3 ..
Zn + H2SO4(c) ..
HON THNH V CN BNG CC P SAU
1)

Fe + HNO3 .

+ NO2 +

2)

Al + HNO3 .

+ N2O +

3)

Cu + H2SO4 c nng .. + SO2 +

4)

Fe + H2SO4 c nng .. + SO2 + .

5)

Ag + HNO3 .

+ N2 +

E.MUI
1) Axit + Mui Axit (mi) + Mui (mi)
K:sp phi c cht kt ta hoc bay hi hoc axit mi yu hn axit b
VD: Na2CO3 + HCl ..
BaCl2 + H2SO4
CaCO3 + H2SO4
Ch :
Axit mnh : H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4
Axit trung bnh v yu: H3PO4, H2CO3, H2SO3, H2S, HF
Ch : CuS, PbS khng phn ng vi HCl v H2SO4(long)
FeS, ZnS phn ng bnh thng vi HCl v H2SO4(long)
VD: FeS + HCl .
CuS + HCl
Do CuCl2 p c vi H2S cn FeCl2 khng p c vi H2S

2) Bazo(tan) + Mui(tan) Mui (mi) + Bazo(mi)

K: sn phm phi c kt ta hoc bay hi
VD:NaOH + NH4Cl ..
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4
KOH + Fe(NO3)3
3) Mui axit + Bazo(tan) Mui(trung ha) + H2O
VD: NaHCO3 + NaOH .
KHSO4 + NaOH
Ba(HCO3)2 + NaOH .
NaHS + NaOH ..
NaHS + KOH ..
Ba(HSO4)2 + Ca(OH)2 ..

4) Kim loi + Mui Mui(mi) + kim loi (mi)

k: kim loi phi ng trc kim loi ca mui
VD: Cu + Fe(NO3)2 ..
Fe + Cu(NO3) .
Ch 1: kim loi p vi mui Fe3+
Fe + FeCl3 .
Cu + FeCl3 .
Cu + Fe2(SO4)3
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 .
Ch 2: i vi kim loi tan c trong nc (K, Ba, Ca, Na, Li) khi cho tc dng
vi dung dch mui th phn ng n khng xy ra theo c ch trn m n xy ra
nh sau ,
Trc ht kim loi s tc dng vi nc to thnh bazo . Sau bazo s p vi
mui.
VD1: cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO4 p xy ra nh sau
Trc ht : Ba + H2O ..
Sau :

Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 .

VD2: Cho Na vo dung dch CuCl2 th p s xy ra nh sau

Trc ht : Na + H2O
Sau : NaOH + CuCl2 .
VD3: Cho Na vo dung dich KNO3 th p xy ra nh sau
Trc ht

Na + H2O .

Sau : NaOH s ko p KNO3 ( v ko t/m k xy ra p do sp to thnh l 2 cht tan

)
5) Mui (khng tan) oxit kim loi + oxit phi kim
to
VD: CaCO3 .
BaCO3
Ch : BaSO4 v CaSO4 l mui ko tan nhng khi lm bi tp th coi nh khng
b nhit phn
6) Mui(tan) + Mui(tan) 2 mui mi
K: sn phm phi c kt ta hoc bay hi
VD: Na2CO3 + BaCl2 .
KNO3 + NaCl ..
MgSO4 + Ba(NO3)2

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