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  • Neurological Examination: Higher Mental Functions

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    L Yn Rui
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    This document provides an outline for performing a neurological examination, dividing it into several sections: 1. Higher mental functions, including tests of consciousness, speech, language, attention, orientation, memory, thinking, and cognition. 2. Cranial nerve examination involving tests of smell, vision, eye movements, facial muscles, hearing/balance, taste, and tongue/swallowing. 3. Motor system examination of tone, strength, coordination, involuntary movements and gait. 4. Reflex examination including deep tendon and superficial reflexes. 5. Sensory examination of superficial, deep and cortical sensations.

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    0.1neurological Examination

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    This document provides an outline for performing a neurological examination, dividing it into several sections: 1. Higher mental functions, including tests of consciousness, speech, language, attention, orientation, memory, thinking, and cognition. 2. Cranial nerve examination involving tests of smell, vision, eye movements, facial muscles, hearing/balance, taste, and tongue/swallowing. 3. Motor system examination of tone, strength, coordination, involuntary movements and gait. 4. Reflex examination including deep tendon and superficial reflexes. 5. Sensory examination of superficial, deep and cortical sensations.

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    13 views4 pages

    Neurological Examination: Higher Mental Functions

    Uploaded by

    L Yn Rui
    This document provides an outline for performing a neurological examination, dividing it into several sections: 1. Higher mental functions, including tests of consciousness, speech, language, attention, orientation, memory, thinking, and cognition. 2. Cranial nerve examination involving tests of smell, vision, eye movements, facial muscles, hearing/balance, taste, and tongue/swallowing. 3. Motor system examination of tone, strength, coordination, involuntary movements and gait. 4. Reflex examination including deep tendon and superficial reflexes. 5. Sensory examination of superficial, deep and cortical sensations.

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    of 4

    NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION

    A-

    HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS


    -

    Conscious level.
    o Normal
    Drowsy
    Stuperous
    Comatose
    o G.C.S.
    Eyes
    Verbal
    Motor
    Speech.
    o Handedness.
    o Language.
    Spoken.
    Written
    o Spontaneous speech (word out put, melody, grammer, neologism, paraphasia)
    o Repetition
    o Comprehension. Auditory.
    o Reading.
    o Naming
    Attention span
    Orientation - Time.
    Place.
    Memory Immediate.
    Recent
    Calculations- Addition.
    Subtraction.
    Logical thinking
    Abstract analysis (proverbs)
    Fund of Knowledge
    Illusions.
    Delusions.
    Hallucinations
    Apraxia
    Agnosia

    B- CRANIAL NERVES
    I

    Olfactory

    Test for smell

    II Optic.N
    Acuity of vision
    Field of vision
    Colour vision
    Light reflex
    Direct.
    Indirect
    Optic Fundi

    RT

    LT

    Visual.
    Writing.

    Person.
    Remote.
    100-7 test.

    III, IV, VI. Nerves


    Ptosis.
    Squint
    Fixation
    Pursuit movement. (All directions)
    Saccadic movements (All directions)
    Convergence
    Reflex eye movements. Occulocephalic.
    Pupils. - Size.
    Shape.
    Symmetry.
    Right.
    Left.
    V- Trigeminal.N
    Motor
    Sensory
    Corneal Reflex
    Jaw Jerk
    VII- Facial.N
    Hyperacusis
    Facial muscles
    Forehead wrinkling
    Eye closure
    Blowing
    Nasolabial fold
    Angle of mouth
    Taste. Anterior 2/3rd of tongue.
    VIII- Vestibulo-Cochlear N
    Whispering.
    Watch test
    Rinnes test
    Webers test
    IX, X- Nerves
    Uvula
    Palatal movements
    Gag reflex
    XI-Accessory N
    Sternocleidomastoid muscles
    Shrugging of shoulder
    XII-Hypoglossal N
    Tongue wasting.
    Fasciculation
    Protruding the tongue
    Rapid movements of tongue

    Calorie test
    Reaction.

    C- MOTOR SYSTEM
    RT.
    LT.
    Size. Hypertrophy
    Wasting
    Tone. Spasticity.
    Rigidity
    Hypotonia
    Power (test individual muscles in case of localized wasting/weakness)
    Neck
    flexion
    extension
    Shoulder
    abduction
    adduction
    Elbow
    flexion
    extension
    Wrist
    flexion
    extension
    Grip
    Hip
    flexion
    extension
    abduction
    adduction
    Knee
    flexion
    extension
    Ankle
    dorsiflexion
    plantar flexion
    Toes
    flexion
    extension
    Co-ordination
    Finger nose test
    Heel knee test
    Involuntary movements
    Gait
    D- REFLEXES
    Deep Tendon Jerks
    Biceps jerk
    Supinator jerk
    Triceps jerk
    Knee jerk
    Ankle jerk
    Superficial Reflexes
    Abdominal
    Upper
    Lower
    Cremasteric
    Plantar response

    RT.

    LT.

    E- SENSORY SYSTEM
    Superficial Sensations
    Touch
    Pain
    Temperature
    Deep Sensations
    Vibration
    Joint position
    Cortical Sensations
    Tactile localization
    Tactile discrimination
    Steriognosis
    F- CEREBELLAR SIGNS
    Titubation
    Dysarthia
    Nystagmus
    Intention tremor
    Disdiadokokinesia
    Rebound phenomenon
    Pendular knee jerk
    Ataxia
    G- MENINGEAL SIGNS
    Neck stiffness
    Kernigs sign
    H- SKULL & SPINE
    I- PERIPHERAL NERVES

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