QU THY C C

L u M
Ngc

Chu Thanh
Tng

Bi Th
Diu Hin

NHM 9
Nguyn Gia
Bu

Trn Mai
Phc Minh
L Minh
Thng

Bi 48: NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Kh
thin
nhin
Du m

Ngun
Hirocacbon
Thin Nhin
Than
m

Ch bin du m
bng phng
php ho hc:

Ch ho du m
nhm hai mc
ch:

L bin i cu to
ho hc cc
hirocacbon ca du
m (ch ho du m)

p ng nhu cu v
s lng, cht lng
xng lm nhin liu

p ng nhu cu v
nguyn liu cho cng
nghip ho cht

CH
CHS
SOCTAN
OCTAN
Cht lng ca xng c o bng ch s octan
Ch s octan cng cao th kh nng chng kch n cng tt -> Cht
lng xng cng tt
Ch s octan ca hirocacbon gim dn theo th t:

Aren
Anken c nhnh
Ankan c nhnh
Xicloankan c nhnh
Anken khng nhnh
Xicloankan khng nhnh

Ankan khng nhnh

Rifominh
CH BIN DU M
BNG PHNG PHP
HO HC

Crckinh

1. Rifominh:
- Rifominh l qu trnh dng xc tc v nhit bin i cu trc ca hiro
t khng phn nhnh thnh phn nhnh, t khng thm thnh thm.
- Qu trnh Rifominh: (3 phn ng ch yu)
Chuyn ankan mch thng thnh ankan mch nhnh v xicloankan:

CH3[CH2]5CH3
heptan

(CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)2
CH3
+ H2

xt
to

Tch hiro chuyn xicloankan thnh aren:

xt, to

+ 3H2

Tch hiro chuyn ankan thnh aren:

CH3[CH2]5CH3

xt, to

CH3

+ 4H2

1. Rifominh:

- Mc ch: xng thu c t chng ct du m cha ch yu l

nhng ankan khng nhnh nn c ch s octan thp
=> Dng phng php Rifominh tng ch s octan
=> Dng phng php Rifominh tng ch s octan

C7 C 8

C6 C 7

C8

RIFOMINH
500 oC, 20-40 atm
Pt, Pd, Ni,
(trn cht mang l
nhm oxit hoc
nhm silicat)

Xng: C5 C11 (gm ch

yu ankan c nhnh,
xicloankan v aren nn ch
s octan cao hn)
benzen (C6H6), toluen
(CH3C6H5)
xilen [(CH3)2C6H4], stiren
(CH2=CHC6H5)

2.Crckinh:

Crckinh l qu trnh b gy phn t hirocacbon mch di thnh cc

phn t hirocacbon mch ngn hn nh tc dng ca nhit (crckinh
nhit) hoc ca xc tc v nhit (crckinh xc tc)
C16-mH34-2m + CmH2m
(2 m 16)
VD1: C16H34
VD2:

C8H18

Crckinh

C4H8 + C4H10

Crckinh

C2H6 + C2H4
CH4 + C3H6

a/. Crckinh nhit:

Thc hin nhit trn 700-900oC
Ch yu to ra eten, propen, buten v penten
Dng lm monome sn xut polime
CRCKINH NHIT

CH3[CH2]4CH3

700-900 oC

CH4 + CH2=CH2 + CH3CH=CH2

15%
40%
20%
C2H6 + C3H8 + C4H8 + C4H10 + C5H10
+ C5H12 + C6H12 + H2

b/. Crckinh xc tc:

Crckinh xc tc ch yu nhm chuyn hirocacbon mch di ca cc phn
on c nhit si cao thnh xng nhin liu

CRCKINH XC TC

C21 C35

400 450 OC
Aluminosilicat (75 90%
SiO2, 10 25% Al2O3) +
HF

KT LUN

Kh crckinh: C1 C4
Xng: C5 C11, hm
lng ankan c nhnh,
xicloankan v aren cao
nn ch s octan cao
Kerosen: C10 C16 v
izen: C16 C21

Ch bin du m bao
gm chng ct du
m & ch bin bng
phng php ho hc

CRCKINH
NHIT

CRCKINH
XC TC

Mc ch
ch yu

To anken, lm monome sn
xut polime

Chuyn hirocacbon mch di c

tos cao thnh xng nhin liu

iu kin
tin hnh

Nhit cao

C xc tc, nhit thp hn

Sn phm
ch yu

Anken

Xng c ch s octan thp

Sn phm
khc

Ankan, dng lm nhin liu cho

crckinh

Kh, du

S CHNG CT, CH HO & NG DNG CA DU M

CM N QU THY C
V CC BN
THEO DI