OS LECTURES ON THE THEORY ‘OF SUTURDD Y MANIFOLDS Mammy G, Scuantexasy! gy Maen ‘This manuerpt i meant to accompany asses of lectures geen atthe Koen Advanced Institute of Since and Tecinlogy in Avgust, 108. The opi the theory of sutured -masifli, and the charge was Ho preset ‘hee lectures, from the bane material to th recent developments ia the ‘ee coven bere just thom part of asi Snel theory ecemery to ‘ake sease of the development of sated matiflé theory, and erly out [ne few of the procts whose wadertandng i crucial otis development Complete prot f there and otber aaa heer of manifold theory «an be foun isthe exellent texte of Hempel [el end Jeo [9 ‘The cog of sutued 9-manifld theory can be raed back to Thurston's tecoery of «as on the mology of Semanal [1 Dav Gaba ‘ombind ths disorery with Waldhasen's notion of heerchy of «3 ‘manifold, producing the cemioal work [Ga Macy application of sutured ‘manifold theory have bees Foun; partial list event the ferences. ‘The viewpoint of these notes inthe *defaited” viewpoint prevented ta (Se), which i good source for dette proc - 1 Smanifolds Derinrion: A Somaniold M is separable metne space in which every Point hat a neighborhood homeomogpic to an ope et in = Ax[0, 20 A point in Af which bes ao neighborhood bomeomorpiie to Rie called ' boundsey point of If. Tho ett ofall Boundary pots i a aurace (3 maifld) dented 84. TSapponed orb 1. THEOREM (Moise, Bing)- Any compact $manildisboncomorpiic o 8 fiite aimplicil compl, unique up fo hemeemorphsm ad comes, 12 Suppose Af 8 compact Samasifld and Ka Bite empl a x natural de complex to whlch M ip bomeamorpiue. Thea K suggest fomposition of M7 called » handody decomposition, of ballod plate ‘ecomponition (See Figur are eee eee eee eee eee safest 5 teu Sem ann nti in M1 tana vse ie iy tus ac oss opar mgibaot hanna Te wat 01D" C90, The pcos ea (crtad) ede une st bah he by ng cannon ne iin of ssn a at Dal in Knee DY Sues te [ep suisse lnmnenorict DUS fh DC) Thveunr Sapte ce te ony nog te th he anan tf ih emda sho i a ace of Sel sed end on ch smi, 1 i: ‘An orientation on a simplex is a choice of ordering of its vertices, wp os pein A veer sor rac on rorl = trs--vtl af ts opposite face vine determine an oentation on ¢ Spit sping: el = ftv a te ence we sty the onetaton Ir{isinerted from ol, Hr as Semoplex of «tiangulated manifold M ibe sin 34 of +i te face of exacly two implies. M oneatations 1 the Bastaplices ean be chown so that tbe indiced onefation etch intenoe 2px newer conden, we say tat M is eriafale and the Choice san erento ‘Henceforth we'd comer only orientale compect Semunflde, though this rstretion at abmaysaecenrary. Thi equivalent to requiing that "Ad be old Randeldy, that, !M i hmomoephc fo the regula eigh- bochood ofa amples (raph) in (Sex Figure 2) CoS Figue? 4 Ws ney toe that for any compact ointale Saale M, A ado sald gente ghandtbody. Thin ives the remarkable esrption: ‘TwroRsn. ay coupact ontatable S-masifld the union of two sold ‘nandabodies slong thetr bound. ‘This deerption of Af in clled » Hegeerd splitng of M aod hs moti tod quite a bit of rear og Smanfelds. But it's aot ys here, and we ‘Submenlfolde and general position 2.1. A sulmanfold Sof « manifold M will always mesa « proper PZ ribmunfld, PE meas thers a siplicial subdivision of Mf 3 that Si fubeomples, Proper nea that MTS = 88 and for any compact K CM, ‘EMS alee compact. H $a -maniod thes «regular neighborhood (5) i Sishameomerphic to $x D" HS isn 2anield, (5) ss omeomarptie to Sxyand wel denote the image of $x OT by Oy(S). Each semen 8 S ‘the ace of to diferent Simple: of A, Suppor resatioas ae given fn § and A. The Simpl of Mf whose anestation ie casstent withthe emtaton on + wel say iso the pusitie side of 8. The copy of Sin (5) lying onthe postive (es. aeotive sde wil be denoted Sy tsp» =| A ood way to plctue the onenttion by the ined nornalerentatin: ‘ck the sora diection to $ which pont into the negative ide from the pasive de ‘Any to submanifolds of» Smanld A ca be il ight to inter ct ia parilarly nice sy Any pair of lines in Espace may be made sjat by mowing them very ight. Simlcly Une and a plane may be ‘made to interec a 3¢ mot a pit by moving sight, and tw planes may bye made to intersect in» Be. The tation esa for submaniflés of Srmanioles IS, 7 © M are submanifold of dimeosion and f respec ivy then ater a alght movement ofS or T we may tate ST to bea ‘anf of distension &-+2~3. Tn eter words Sand are I-manios, Uy can be made dij. Hf dm(S) = 1 and dim(T) = 2, then they ca be made to interact ina dstte et of pots. I ainyS) = din(T) = 2, then SAT ean be made to be sImanifld =,» union of ees ander. In tse cats, § and T are ssid tobe in general poston, The number of onponente of SVT i denote |S} 2. A-otle ot proper are ine erce Spelled messentisl i Sy ns two components, a east cae f whch is 3 disk, Otbermse 7 well, seontiel 1 Pm proper cmnact Taubman ia a surface S, and some (Gite component of Fi ineental then there i © component bounding = ‘dak io S which x dxoint fom I. This emnpones i led an vnuermes! faved oT ani the it Bound an perma di Saal, tae’ ‘Si ineenin aren F then there's oe for whieh the dik it ate fom S Ss dino fom P This led an otermost ae of I andthe dst cuts cif is ald on overmest sector (See Figure 3). 2.3, Suppose § and T are a pur of sucess general poation in & ‘comptct orientable -masfold Mand 87 contains a clos component Wich inertial nS. Then contains an innernec semen cle Cutting of a isk Din S whch sdisout ftom T. Let (D) © D x Tbe ‘ative regular aighbertood of D, 2 that BD x FC. Then the surface P= (P—(OD x J)}U(D x AN ie aid tobe oblate’ from T by Bewgery dong D. Seo Figure 4, Noe that the Bue caractensic y(T")= x(7)+2, ‘ince an wan (x 0) Bad ees ceploced by two disks (sch with x = 1MoreorerISMP"| < [SOT], OD is eseatil i 7 then "captains no new ‘aphares, IS ss Figwe 4 d | similar contruction can be ade onan estat outermost ae 7 of SNTin . The new onifeld Tbs |SAT" <|SC and x(7) = x1), tuk OT" OF. leet in TT contin no new 2st, Seo Fig 3. Connected sume Seppose My and Afy ate two arated Smalls, and Bs, By ate two ‘spall, wth B,C Mc Let Mf and Bf be the Smaniads obtained br ‘removing the interiors ofthe By and Mj; the dana obtaoed fom IGUAL, by Sealing 9B and OB, via some orientation reversing bomen ‘morphism. Any two orsiaion preserving smbeddings of te bal = Sri re top; and o are any two ovation fevertinghomeemor- taf the 2 phere 0 tht operation wll dened. The onentstions of I and Mr deteraigeanorestation on M. Note thes aays M 59? 3.2. DERNIHON: A Seanifold M i prome if whenever M = Mus, cnecf the Miie *. A nowpeime mania is sometimes called» compasite sranfold. Soppont Mio obtained fram M by removing the inter of & oul, We ey Mi ies pinctred M Unlow A= S? and k= 1, fever pie, Indeed, A= MRE?) XAMILE: Tt is a theorem of Alocander that en inbedding of Sn 5? vides $° into to Sas Hence prime ‘Bennie: §¥ $0 eentaine an imbedded Daphare S?% {post} nat bounding any Bball yt pine, Butte ithe only example o «pete cneslable Spanfld coatening & Zapkere act bounding 8 bal, dens, Couider any sphere in «connected aentable manifold AF TE ~ a(S) ba bo components Mj snd My then M = Mp, bes (Me isobtatne feo Mf by stacing 2 al, neither 24 6 «3, then Ms ct pine EM = M~ (5) is i connected, then et bean ees fom one side of (8) tothe other. Then 9($) Una est the manifold obtain ftom 5° S by removing « 3b Let Aj = A ~ fa) and ihe she motfld eblained by attaching »S-bel to O24. Then M = MS? x S* Hence fn prime i= Ball and MF = S* x S* We say that a manifold is wrofucile if any S* in it bounds «9b ‘The following theorem shows that i oflenfeaonable to eset ileest oly to reducible anil8.2, THOREM, Any compect connected anestble mani can be itn i x unique way asthe connected sum of «Sate umber of prime Semanifolts Paok: The proof conse of two pari. [Existence of a prime decomposition (Keser): The ies, eto Kets, is that there's only rom fora Bite amber of imbedded ?-mpbeses sm aren compact $manifold before some par of apheresis parallel (i= the gon Steen thm is the product S* 1), To ee tht, hoor «Sued tmangulation of M and eomside the ssoiated balls plate decomposition (EM. A Sate cllecton 5 of disot 2apheres in M can be pot m general Position with rerpet to thie strture, Tn thi conten thie ete tbat 2) Ss soit foe the Shanes (0 is 2M) 1) Sinerects each pate D? x Fim aGnite numberof disk parallel to DP (0) ©) Simesets each rod D2 x Eom Px 1, whece Pie election sf acs in 4) $ ners the boundary of each Aandi nase of spl led ‘The proof proceads in two sts: Fit iotope to minimize the sive of ‘ac ellection in b)-d). Then observe that i each 0,1, or Dhandle HE ‘mort componsate of 80H mun be pall in 2 (1 bile we a reduce to he cave in which SH isa set of diss) Indeed the wamber of posible pais of adjacent componente af SH that are ot paral 0 17 has 0 maxis determined only bythe triangulation ot by 8. Si large enough, at leat one adjacent pai of specs i$ can be oye tat entainsnooe ofthe bed components a any ofthe hand, 20 these wil be pal in Uniqueness of the prime decomposition (Milnor): We wast to show tha Mm Mee Ma & MiG Hi, where eae and each Ny is pre then & = € and, after » pertation, Me & Mi ‘To simply things bit, well assume that no Hy SxS, s0 each is redycble, Let be a mpbece im Mf shoton so that one cxnponent of “MS ss punctured iy. IS i joint fom some collection T of spheres scomporing MBN Ne, thea, see any phere in; bounds ball, ‘it would fllow that each component of M~ Siew punctured sum of ‘Since Mi prin, infact Ma woud then be homeomorphi to one of the Dy, completing en tedetie step. “Psi uice Yo tw tht Sie jit fom soe colton Te phere decompoving NiBNeif-= Me So serame 7 has been chosen to imine ISAT) HIST £0, lt D be an inaertot isk eat of by T mS. OD Aides tome component ToT isto to disks Band exch dion fom 1. The component Mi of Mi —T in which D ie ea pnetured 1) Since 1 prime, ane the spre obtaioed by Dzurgery 0a T long D bounds 1 posh puncte sphere nN, Replace T, with the other sphere, See Figure 6, Ths reduces |S. Y D Gee Figure 6 [REMARKS: Its ot true that an automorphim ofa expose @meifld ‘enecally enopi toa eutocrrphiem that preserve the conneiad sam rcompeiion : "The flowing major thocem of Papkytikopolous giv simple erie onto detect reduiiy: Srwme ‘Taeoneat, 1M wired thon y(M) teal 4. Incompretsible surfaces and hlerarchis As before, M i compact enetablemanifl 41. Derinmmow: A sutace (5,85) (MOM) i comprenibe Hither 1) Se aphere bounding a ballin M or1b) Theses 2 dik D se Mo that AD = DIS ie an eat simple lcd carve in, Otherwise $s seems 442, Dorion: 5 i d-compresii if eter 9) Sis dik and 35 © AM bounds a disk D in 2M such that SUD Douode tall a oe 1 Thowe's disk Dm wo that DAS = ADS ta sng eseaieh, stein Sand 3D = $s an are in OM, Oterwise 5 is dincompresil WOM s compressible we sy that fie Bedi, 23 explains why we ace intceste in compres. If $stisGes 4.18) cath tenn bel songs ne pre ‘Figures 4 and 5). s 43. Loor raponese (Papaloratopeous). I$ sncmpresble then ni(S)-+ mB) i ctv, “se 1 unary ese (5,25) (0) ate M— hao mre cnss n 8 e sh ak THRONE. cpu ene mud A 2 cries ama inven, the at siempre Saxon ner aga: Pek muri ta fi eB ce rate, Aap ctpatono Bermmraann ned ees mene snurface of higher 3. is ‘3 agua i alge pl sa at ering “TapOREN. HF» compact onentable 3 manifold M contine no worse: ing surace, then BM tse umson of phere In partial, i prime, iter Mf conte a aco anpacaing eulace each componet of Mis either cloud er bl 4.6, Dernmion: An inducible compact onsale masifold M com lsinng an incompesible src elled a Heten mail “git Sion Mina ocompenble sce. Lot Mh thease sind fom A by removing an open regular aighboctood of 5. We say Mts obtained by decompostas MF slong &. We write Ms Mt Pnovostrion. Au i reduible i and only iM 6 reducible PRoor: Soppont T i «reducing aphee for MC M. ICT is oot 3 reducing sphere for M then it bounds 4 2-ball =, but oot 9,20 S tuast Be mide the S-ball, Bt aay surface in bal compresie by ‘Van Kempen's theorem and 43. ‘On the olker hand, euppone Ts reducing spbere for Ay chowen to sine [SAT] IE [ST = O then 7 Bes in MY, Mw eeduchs Otherwise, considera innermost die D ext of by SOT in. Since $= incompreibie, OD bounds a dak B in S. 1 DUE bounds a bl io A {hen cold be otaped just beyond D to seduce [SOT], Otherwase DUB ea sodicing ephere for Mj. 4.8. Derunrrion: A partie tererchy foc M isso of decompositions MS ny SB My SE vo auc that each $2 secompeesble a. 4.9, From 44 and 45 me se tbat any past! hierarchy eas be extendas so long 22 OM, is aot a union of Papheres, Morere, to chek whether 1M sired, it sufles to check any Somanfld i the decomposton Mach dacper is the flowing "TWEOnEN, 1 cach S; chorea also to be Quncompressible, then any act hrarehy of M as Bite Feng ‘The prot i analogous to that of 8.2. Intend of « Bound on te om bee of spheres in iy there's a bound on the number of scompessibe, Bincomprenile sta a ‘When we can extend «pata racy no farther, flows from 4 kt ea union of sptene, In tea we ay Ms BS Sy isa haererety for M, Pom 47 flows that Fi cecil if and only IE My const of 8bal. "The existence of hierarchies for Smanflde ea surprsng analogue of & vrlhinown proces on susfaces, Figure ahows «“herarcy" for 2 guns 2 Ievface. Hierarchies hove been vary will in manild theory, Theorem out Haken sonflds ean often be deduced by rennsteucing fom balls vite erry, Satuced mals theory one example ofthis le, but with atlention pad to entation during the beachFigure 7 5, Homology in Mand the Thurston mori Meno we wil en tht oar mands lea compe nd {Seton cas a me imbedied mpg re (09) © (04080. The hence of need abel ace tial in Bs, 9H0 and oly #5 prt. S the bmg carves ver pt formato sbi om pratng una. Tis seu reo sae we nae rion topes (pedo rot melgy ef yeu neal sereducble Smasfld (Th), Here's «bret seven 5:1 Dern: 5) or ome tte compet ues ‘fine (S$) = max{0,—x(S)}- That is, x(S) ie —x(S) unless or 8 disk, an whieh ease x_(S} = 0. a a ca 0) Tar ot meen dew x (8) = oe x8) = ES) 158 opens of 5). Puen, ~y-(5) = he am ef Ba ane Ine the nosy conned opens ot. For Ws sabucfce f @M, snd 50 Hy(M.1), define he Theron erm oa tobe tay = min (8) (6,88) © (MIN with [5,95] =o 15.2. The Thurston tocm fas four important properties ‘twronnt 1) (a) ie araye aoa egatve ote. 8) apa) = bea for any integer ia) aforF A) S2(0) +209) tp) Horany 0, theres an ager 0 lg that al positive mess : slat (+8) = 2(0+ HA +E ‘Proor: i is immediate ince x- never negative fy m euunlly cag in one nesion: Sine pox can be sepesented OY 7 parle! epi of any sutace representing a, me have z(Pa) S ni(©) or the other dizetion, lt § be an erieted srtace representing ‘howe ata point 2 in M~ Sy and define function JM ~S— 2 bv Sing rey tobe the interaction mmber of an ae fom zy ¥0 = wi 3 eee gig cin ns edbondan rom one subsurface Sof Sto anos, ‘Sen, Hence foreach + in Zy pa = (S] = DAIS 12 € Ze} = oS, p= (SN) = 0. Stee HMI as 80 torsion, (5 = a» Then x-(SIE (a) 29 pa) = Elx-(6i + € Zp} 2 v=o) Ti) Toe doa bec otk eufaces Sand Tso thst 5,05} ~ 9 {7,071 = b,x) = x(a), x-(E) = 2(8) aod consent from them a sie representing +8. H x-(0) € x=(5) + x-(2) we wil be done The ‘Senteution of U i accomplished by taking the double ewroe sem of $e Teletina Slow. By dog Beurgener og outermost sectors and anerost Luis cf SAT in Saad T ve may, tout incresing ther x= lier them. seat any compocent of $#VT i esentil i both Sand 7. ‘Then spply ‘4 be “ny Ts floral consauance of pi). Sen Se, 2Figue8 453. DEnNimION: Suppose $ and 7 ae nested scares in general po sition ie AF. Then a neighborhood of P = ST in M intewects SUT 1m the product of P andthe left side af gue § (ral dcction shown The dauhle curse s9m Shu of Sand Tie dese asthe ona eice binned by veplating SUT tn tie igh with te pode of a ‘he ght side ogre 8 Sed, LB If every component of = $07 i esata in § and in 1, then x-(8)-+x-(T) = x-(8 467). Pnoor: ‘The contruction of the double curve tut nvones eboving & ‘toute of SUT and thea ging back in diferent 20 the operation ‘reserves Bole characteristic, I ules then show tht ao new disks ot sheen ace created. Any disk or epere in $4 ether les eae in 5, ‘atiely i 7, or contning bite of both. Inthe ater case, the its are glued ‘ogetier slong components of. An outermost ae or inoemoet cles of TP would be ineaenta in eter § ot 5.5, DEPUHITION: An erent sce (5,85) i ot if 3) Sie incompreibe nd 1b) Shas minal of al sacs sepreveating{5,25| = (Mnf) ‘Tha for the Phrston arm on Ha(0,9(88)), we kav (5) = x-(S) Note that 55) flows fom 8b) unless 8 «torus or an anal. 6 Sutured manifolds 6.1. Depiveion: A sutured manifold (M7) «compact onented & smacfol M logeber with a patton of OM = R, Uy Hs the uwon ‘tno ounces Ry tnd R_ along ther common boundary, clleton flmpe coed carves called the sete. Fis onentad go that is normal ‘eter points outward and R. 10 points inva, Seo Fgue REMAN: The orientations of Ry nde common cetaion on 7 ‘Seppe (5,85) C (MOR) san ocd esface in 2 sutured manifold (ar). Thea the exentation of $ induce onentatons 00 Sy C nS) Lat A? be the maifold obtained by decomposing I along 5. Then any it i OM was eter a pict im 2M or ie Sy. Hence any pont in DM" which we neither in QS, nor im bas 8 natiral normal enero, 1 the normal orientations go both sides ef a pot in OS agro, us tha oral anetation alo a that point. Otbewie, oped the pois as tng ture, Tn this tenner M° boomes alo »autred maifolé with 2set of sutures 7, We say that (IM, 7) 2 (M",) i = sutured manifold decomposition. ‘Tis operation i shown semaitly coe dimension lower ‘a Fgue 10, decampostion of an nals by an oiled a. Figere10 6.2, Provosrriom. Suppose (M,9) © (M7) composition, Push Rightly ito M rely = Ot, Then be subsuraces i into tach 7 vides OM are given by Ry = Rabe. Poor: Rye monly the won of Ry and S,. To ey he popeion i ulcer then tt oko he neal tre ane 08. tn thie way, any Beachy MB hy 2 i yo A gies i to Ss otiedmangotd Meee Ad 3) 2 (ym) 2a" (Mt 8.3, Danirions: A sutred manifald (7) et A ede az Ry and R_ re oth aa seein A. Tht: ech Rincon ie abd hee i no ace (27) c (H,241) with x=(0) < x-(Pa) OF = yy sd (Fl = [Ral ia HalMen(a) Not thi impo tat Xl) 2-(R) 1 ta snared manold decomposition i stared mail deco tio (i) (4) sh tas (M7) and (MY) ae at ase snot ‘A ont seared manifold Kereta manifold heresy const: Ing etry of taut ated masfls, Not is en (Mss) sat be = coletion of: wih gle ale on ech comport Fc ze the te ain theremin uted mild toy: (0, Tazo, (M7) i taut evtred manifold end € Hy(M,0M) ss nom tn ten theres a surface (S08) C (MOM) such tha (8,25) = (sn (Bf,4) 2s (Bt) a taut sutured manfld decompentin, [Paoot: The iden isto exploit 82 10), Let 8 be the fandamental class FR, ORe| sx Hy(Uyn()- Then choose ko loge that ofa +(E+ LP) = slat bf) +2(8). ‘Then choow $10 be a taut repemnttive ofthe ease ‘e+ AB. For (M',) the reat ofthis decmspnition, we have x=(F) = A(S) x(a) = (0+ 49) + (8) = aCe + (b+ AI IRE 28 Ry a ny (On close inspection, thie azgument makes litle sense. For example a sem (0304) act Hal), whens i 9 Hy) snd deed ‘ecm tila (M034), 0 there a way to make ene of he Lem 0+. The difculy can be overcome, eg. by generalag the Thrston roca to "Perms", but the poo beromes quite technical. (85, TueoneN, Any let sutured manfld hae att sutured manifold iment, [Pnoots {coms that thi shouldbe snuntdate from 49 and 6. The aly hat the eufacen arming i G4 ay be reampren, 2918 ‘racpal spatial hierachy ug ec surfaces might extend indefitly. "Th problem ic vercome by desing anaton af the Yeomolesiy” ofa tured mao that eeedueed dung «ulured manifold decorpostion aad ‘whch when trivial, terminates the earch. The details ae complicate, See Se, $4 or (Ga 6h 1846, Taeonex, Suppose (Min) a stared manifold and (M3) (0,71) sa sutwed manifold decompsition. IF (M7!) tat en 0 ann, Poor: The proof of thi isa very zeal exrce for the render. You sould discover uring the prof that the Unoram i alee a stated. There sre so types of exceptions: I M sali tra whose boundary cots so sutures, then M snot aut, get decomposing olog a meridian disk over 1 Sal wih a ingle suture, whch i taut, Also you must au that m0 companeat of 85 bounde ads ether in Son BRB16.7. ConoLLaRy. A sutured mani Kearcy tat if he lst tra (get) tat Wiannixe: Owing to the exceptions mentioned nthe prt of 6, thee are minor sie conditions a the Beaty tal east lee beet 7. Method of application ‘The references contain many applications of thi theory. The piloophy cf each prot i roughly the flowing: We wish to know that x particular susface Sin a Sasifld Hse taat. Somehow we anoint to SC Ma “erent stuation: a suaee 7 im a Seaafold N which we know is tt ‘Ualog 68 consruct tut sutured manifold eracchy for. Use this ice sry to induce sutured manifold herrehy on. Tee the tautnee of the as term (qj) ce that the act ara the hear of taut. Thea apply 86 to dedce that Si ant, He we two expe Ta. The fst example ees well he pibaoply ch proat and i {sy elamntry. Te thea sto bas 6, 613 bt mofo 2 Nfld” prot, whic sein a coaveration vith Daten Long Suppose pf — M ia Pld comaag ap of and orn i Swe muni. "Thora troefer map AAO) ~ HE) ‘tse’ sows cose tnngsatios for IY wad Ms tha pw emg fal or any ain iM) ehoom an wpl¢repcesttling La (obo he bomaogy chs repented by 7-6). Nate at pa) = Bs ‘rons. For x and # the Daston sore oo (QM) and) se postive, (a) = ta) PROOF: Let S$ be a taut representative of o in M and tet 3 = p-'($), Sine x(S) = by(8), me bave ra) < #a(0). To prove equality, we oly seed sow tht tat et ley = 8) SF (ny =) (nab a tat tard ssid Hench fe A. Toe or 1 SS moe B= pete aad Hig p-4(46). Then i's ona to set ( 9) 32 a) (aC) ms seed ld hry Bul ser Ma ents of balla with «ingle ature each component, aad. fy cove of iy (Bigse"'n) ao tat. Hen Sa tant. B ‘The econ aplication oes ot ther bu eqs pels seal thereon "tor lig! 18, Supose Me « Smanifold sod oroecrpoout of 34 Let 4 bean enn simple coed carve nT. Then ther a omer OD? x $17, wel-iedwp to stop, teh tint (OD scold Mo obtind by stcng D? 2! to M vino ling of ST with pew 4 conneied SanfldN wit ars bounty caponct 7-¢ BN & cole» Sabri on T A Be{N ON ~ 7) = 0, In ees wendy, 097 safes (5,05) € (ON ~7) aeparater t's» cosegoence of Ponce uty tat gems@4 ~ 7) <1. ME eo(QN = 7) =, then he the rational homology of TF ‘Twonzm (Gabs.). Let (M7) be a connected taut sutwed munis ‘rth 7 #8 Suppose T-C AM isa tar such that 7 = and te ly F-cobordis on T contained in M ia Px I. Than there iat meet one slope 1 for which (M27) i not tt PROOF: Specal cae: Fit se -cbordion on 7. ‘Then M ie T x f, and the sutures 7 He i the torus T" = OM —T- Since (sy) t taut > comin of pall seratind curves in P"34(0) ‘not oid torn, 0 (M(o),7) taut une the ali Ra =~ ane ‘compressible, But tse willocur eal for the slope given bythe ene er General case If itelfisnot J-eaberdim on T thea conse a tut sutured manifold hierarchy of (7), using always sufacts dso feo 7, til me enc a sutured manifold ef the frm (Ma) with He Ma, = T)=0. Sinco My i » Jeabordim on T, Ma =x 1. The toma 7 My ~T arose from sutured musta decompositions of M, soit must, ontein some sutures, ros 61 (A(o}.2) i taut I (Arq) aut ‘Now just apply the spel cae oy. ~ 7.8. Any hoot & in SY is the bounéaty of some connie ernie ssuface 5, called Seifert surface ofthe knot. The genus ofthe kn i he ‘aicimal gems fall Seert sre. Fige 11 shows genus one Seifert.surface of the tefl hn J c Figwe 1 Seppe ke andy are ta tno in St, separated bya 2aphere. Dente ‘ely by K. Soppose Fx 1 5° sz an sbeding sch tht "(= 10) %T and 6-4) = (1) 5. Then the kot A obtalne from by removing KOT % 1) and replacing it with KI BI) lle the band sum fly and fy, and i denoted Ky. Se Figure 12 ( a Figure 12 ‘Taeonen (Gaba, Sehacemana). gems(Fafvls) > asaue(la] + erous(t) Paoor: The prot given here i exentally Gaba, Let bea small ‘cle that links the Band, we, Z bounds adi D interesting (2x 2) sexe (point) x I. Let A= 5° — (KUL). M i rodcible aad be only ‘onus boundary components, so we may view Afar aut eared unfold 1s aot hard to ahow that MI sntises the Jeohordsm condition of 7.2 for ‘Feobordiamt on Oy(2) Ie MK” bounds an erentable surface. Let $ be fone of minimal genus in M. Sie splt by D nto Seiler suaces for hy 00d 4,20 gemen( 5) 2 genus (la) + gen). Let Mi deoote the taut evtred oasiflé obtained by decomposing MI slong 5. Tes not hart se tha the manifold Mio otaied by lig ‘sd tous dn(L) with slope OD contain a ecuting sphere. Ja parieue Mi(o) i ot tat. Now Bilin 4(Z) with a meridian of (2). By 7.2 the ature manifold (7) Hout, 20 Si ales of minal gence for KY sa So =MGLE Tet This bs an portant cory. The orginal prof of his covolry, whith peedated sutured manifold theory, required a complicated comb CConoutAry. I fav, athe untno!, the By and ky are the unkot tad the band eres the 2aphere separating by from ky exactly once Rarznenoes Basi texts on Semanlfols: (Mg. Yemen, mmole? Ane of Mates State, Pret Une Shy een a I. hci Teel one? COMS So Ane Math Development of sutured manifold theory [al D. cata, fans an he pty of manly, Dien eam, 28 ‘Gee, ee, (Se Sebamed mana gerald Taso nr Dil [re hon nr fore homely of 3.manell Mem. Ame ath Se "gs a (9 Further applications of sutured manifold theory: M. Bade Made, Bond oof nt ah el comput, PD. he UES ‘doy dab, Foal ont te tpt of Smid, 3 Dien Geo. 26rate ed the pty of Beil, 1 Die Ge. 28 Set suerdin nder anrttel vem, Toco 28 O38), ‘2 Haye al pemSlert ufc foranlating me on at Kote JRE ay Teno el en Seer ev ork, Topo Al a ged anneing eres ond angle decmpaiti, Pe “hw bh tos Wena cay Tn ed einting eee, Om Math 26 C88), Re rr at mar Dn em Ph ht SB Shaman, deed raed rin rm 2 Ce Gasrtng mb noni by ge 0 «ae Toney co FP aatig os nmanee eog chnge pe. a ay ik al sn ro