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CCNA Security - Student Packet Tracer Manual
CCNA Security - Student Packet Tracer Manual
1
Instructor Packet Tracer Manual
Addressing Table
Device
R1
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Switch Port
FA0/1
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S1 FA0/5
S0/0/0 (DCE)
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
S0/0/1 (DCE)
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
FA0/1
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S3 FA0/5
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.5
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
S1 FA0/6
PC-B
NIC
192.168.1.6
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
S2 FA0/18
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.5
255.255.255.0
192.168.3.1
S3 FA0/6
R2
R3
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Page 1 of 5
CCNA Security
Learning Objectives
Introduction
The network topology shows three routers. You will configure NTP and Syslog on all routers. You will configure
SSH on R3.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) allows routers on the network to synchronize their time settings with an NTP
server. A group of NTP clients that obtain time and date information from a single source have more consistent
time settings and Syslog messages generated can be analyzed more easily. This can help when
troubleshooting issues with network problems and attacks. When NTP is implemented in the network, it can be
set up to synchronize to a private master clock, or to a publicly available NTP server on the Internet.
The NTP Server is the master NTP server in this lab. You will configure the routers to allow the software clock
to be synchronized by NTP to the time server. Also, you will configure the routers to periodically update the
hardware clock with the time learned from NTP. Otherwise, the hardware clock will tend to gradually lose or
gain time (drift) and the software clock and hardware clock may become out of synchronization with each other.
The Syslog Server will provide message logging in this lab. You will configure the routers to identify the remote
host (Syslog server) that will receive logging messages.
You will need to configure timestamp service for logging on the routers. Displaying the correct time and date in
Syslog messages is vital when using Syslog to monitor a network. If the correct time and date of a message is
not known, it can be difficult to determine what network event caused the message.
R2 is an ISP connected to two remote networks: R1 and R3. The local administrator at R3 can perform most
router configurations and troubleshooting; however, since R3 is a managed router, the ISP needs access to R3
for occasional troubleshooting or updates. To provide this access in a secure manner, the administrators have
agreed to use Secure Shell (SSH).
You use the CLI to configure the router to be managed securely using SSH instead of Telnet. SSH is a network
protocol that establishes a secure terminal emulation connection to a router or other networking device. SSH
encrypts all information that passes over the network link and provides authentication of the remote computer.
SSH is rapidly replacing Telnet as the remote login tool of choice for network professionals.
The servers have been pre-configured for NTP and Syslog services respectively. NTP will not require
authentication. The routers have been pre-configured with the following:
Static routing
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CCNA Security
Task 1:
S tep 1.
S tep 2.
Configure R1, R2 and R3 to periodically update the hardware clock with the time learned from NTP.
R1(config)# ntp update-calendar
R2(config)# ntp update-calendar
R3(config)# ntp update-calendar
Verify that the hardware clock was updated using the command show clock.
S tep 4.
Task 2:
S tep 1.
The router console will display a message that logging has started.
S tep 2.
S tep 3.
From the Config tab of the Syslog servers dialogue box, select the Syslog services button. Observe the
logging messages received from the routers.
Note:
Log messages can be generated on the server by executing commands on the router. For example,
entering and exiting global configuration mode will generate an informational configuration message.
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CCNA Security
Task 3:
S tep 1.
Create a user ID of SSHadmin with the highest possible privilege level and a secret password of
ciscosshpa55.
R3(config)# username SSHadmin privilege 15 secret ciscosshpa55
S tep 3.
Use the local user accounts for mandatory login and validation. Accept only SSH connections.
R3(config)# line vty 0 4
R3(config-line)# login local
R3(config-line)# transport input ssh
S tep 4.
If no keys exist, you might receive this message: % No Signature RSA Keys found in
configuration.
G enerate the R S A enc ryption key pair for R 3.
The router uses the RSA key pair for authentication and encryption of transmitted SSH data. Configure the RSA
keys with a modulus of 1024. The default is 512, and the range is from 360 to 2048.
R3(config)# crypto key generate rsa [Enter]
The name for the keys will be: R3.ccnasecurity.com
Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 2048 for your
General Purpose Keys. Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 may take
a few minutes.
How many bits in the modulus [512]:1024
% Generating 1024 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...[OK]
Note:
S tep 6.
The command to generate RSA encryption key pairs for R3 in Packet Tracer differs from those used in
the lab.
V erify the S S H c onfiguration.
Use the show ip ssh command to see the current settings. Verify that the authentication timeout and retries
are at their default values of 120 and 3.
S tep 7.
The default SSH timeouts and authentication parameters can be altered to be more restrictive. Set the timeout
to 90 seconds, the number of authentication retries to 2, and the version to 2.
R3(config)# ip ssh time-out 90
R3(config)# ip ssh authentication-retries 2
R3(config)# ip ssh version 2
Issue the show ip ssh command again to confirm that the values have been changed.
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Page 4 of 5
CCNA Security
S tep 8.
Open the Desktop of PC-C. Select the Command Prompt icon. From PC-C, enter the command to connect to
R3 via Telnet.
PC> telnet 192.168.3.1
This connection should fail, since R3 has been configured to accept only SSH connections on the virtual
terminal lines.
S tep 9.
C onnec t to R 3 us ing S S H on P C -C .
Open the Desktop of PC-C. Select the Command Prompt icon. From PC-C, enter the command to connect to
R3 via SSH. When prompted for the password, enter the password configured for the administrator
ciscosshpa55.
PC> ssh l SSHadmin 192.168.3.1
S tep 10. C onnec t to R 3 us ing S S H on R 2.
In order to troubleshoot and maintain the R3 router, the administrator at the ISP must use SSH to access the
router CLI. From the CLI of R2, enter the command to connect to R3 via SSH version 2 using the SSHadmin
user account. When prompted for the password, enter the password configured for the administrator:
ciscosshpa55.
R2# ssh v 2 l SSHadmin 10.2.2.1
S tep 11. C hec k res ults .
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 5 of 5
Addressing Table
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Fa0/0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
S0/0/0
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
Fa0/0
192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
S0/0/1
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
Fa0/0
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
TACACS+ Server
NIC
192.168.2.2
255.255.255.0
RADIUS Server
NIC
192.168.3.2
255.255.255.0
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.3
255.255.255.0
PC-B
NIC
192.168.2.3
255.255.255.0
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.3
255.255.255.0
R1
R2
R3
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Page 1 of 5
CCNA Security
Learning Objectives
Configure a local user account on R1 and authenticate on the console and VTY lines using local AAA.
Verify local AAA authentication from the R1 console and the PC-A client.
Introduction
The network topology shows routers R1, R2 and R3. Currently all administrative security is based on knowledge
of the enable secret password. Your task is to configure and test local and server-based AAA solutions.
You will create a local user account and configure local AAA on router R1 to test the console and VTY logins.
You will then configure router R2 to support server-based authentication using the TACACS+ protocol. The
TACACS+ server has been pre-configured with the following:
Finally, you will configure router R3 to support server-based authentication using the RADIUS protocol. The
RADIUS server has been pre-configured with the following:
RIP version 2
Note: The console and VTY lines have not been pre-configured.
Task 1:
S tep 1.
S tep 2.
Enable AAA on R1 and configure AAA authentication for console login to use the local database.
R1(config)# aaa new-model
R1(config)# aaa authentication login default local
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CCNA Security
S tep 4.
C onfigure the line c ons ole to us e the defined AA A authentic ation method.
Enable AAA on R1 and configure AAA authentication for console login to use the default method list.
R1(config)# line console 0
R1(config-line)# login authentication default
S tep 5.
Task 2:
S tep 1.
Configure a named list called TELNET-LOGIN to authenticate logins using local AAA.
R1(config)# aaa authentication login TELNET-LOGIN local
S tep 2.
Verify the Telnet configuration. From the command prompt of PC-A, Telnet to R1.
PC> telnet 192.168.1.1
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CCNA Security
Task 3:
S tep 1.
For backup purposes, configure a local username of Admin and secret password of adminpa55.
R2(config)# username Admin password adminpa55
S tep 2.
Select the TACACS+ Server. From the Config tab, click on AAA and notice that there is a Network
configuration entry for R2 and a User Setup entry for Admin2.
S tep 3.
Configure the AAA TACACS server IP address and secret key on R2.
R2(config)# tacacs-server host 192.168.2.2
R2(config)# tacacs-server key tacacspa55
S tep 4.
Enable AAA on R2 and configure all logins to authenticate using the AAA TACACS+ server and if not
available, then use the local database.
R2(config)# aaa new-model
R2(config)# aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local
S tep 5.
C onfigure the line c ons ole to us e the defined AA A authentic ation method.
Configure AAA authentication for console login to use the default AAA authentication method.
R2(config)# line console 0
R2(config-line)# login authentication default
S tep 6.
Verify the user EXEC login using the AAA TACACS+ server.
R2(config-line)# end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2# exit
R2 con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
************ AUTHORIZED ACCESS ONLY *************
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THIS DEVICE IS PROHIBITED.
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CCNA Security
Task 4:
S tep 1.
For backup purposes, configure a local username of Admin and secret password of adminpa55.
R3(config)# username Admin password adminpa55
S tep 2.
Select the RADIUS Server. From the Config tab, click on AAA and notice that there is a Network configuration
entry for R3 and a User Setup entry for Admin3.
S tep 3.
Configure the AAA RADIUS server IP address and secret key on R3.
R3(config)# radius-server host 192.168.3.2
R3(config)# radius-server key radiuspa55
S tep 4.
Enable AAA on R3 and configure all logins to authenticate using the AAA RADIUS server and if not available,
then use the local database.
R3(config)# aaa new-model
R3(config)# aaa authentication login default group radius local
S tep 5.
C onfigure the line c ons ole to us e the defined AA A authentic ation method.
Configure AAA authentication for console login to use the default AAA authentication method.
R3(config)# line console 0
R3(config-line)# login authentication default
S tep 6.
Verify the user EXEC login using the AAA TACACS+ server.
R3(config-line)# end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3# exit
R3 con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
************ AUTHORIZED ACCESS ONLY *************
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THIS DEVICE IS PROHIBITED.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 5 of 5
Addressing Table
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Fa0/1
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/0 (DCE)
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/1(DCE)
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
Lo0
192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
Fa0/1
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.3.1
R1
R2
R3
Objectives
Use ACLs to ensure remote access to the routers is available only from management station PC-C.
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Page 1 of 4
CCNA Security
Introduction
Access to routers R1, R2, and R3 should only be permitted from PC-C, the management station. PC-C is also
used for connectivity testing to PC-A, a server providing DNS, SMTP, FTP, and HTTPS services.
Standard operating procedure is to apply ACLs on edge routers to mitigate common threats based on source
and/or destination IP address. In this activity, you create ACLs on edge routers R1 and R3 to achieve this goal.
You then verify ACL functionality from internal and external hosts.
The routers have been pre-configured with the following:
IP addressing
Static routing
Task 1:
S tep 2.
F rom the P C -C c ommand prompt, S S H to the router R 2 L o0 interfac e. E xit the S S H s es s ion.
S tep 3.
F rom P C -C , open a web brows er to the P C -A s erver (us ing the IP addres s ) to dis play the web
page. C los e the brows er on P C -C .
S tep 4.
Task 2:
S tep 1.
Use the access-list command to create a numbered IP ACL on R1, R2, and R3.
R1(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.3.3 0.0.0.0
R2(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.3.3 0.0.0.0
R3(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.3.3 0.0.0.0
S tep 2.
Use the access-class command to apply the access list to incoming traffic on the VTY lines.
R1(config-line)# access-class 10 in
R2(config-line)# access-class 10 in
R3(config-line)# access-class 10 in
S tep 3.
SSH to 192.168.2.1 from PC-C (should be successful). SSH to 192.168.2.1 from PC-A (should fail).
PC> ssh l SSHadmin 192.168.2.1
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CCNA Security
Task 3:
On R3, block all packets containing the source IP address from the following pool of addresses: 127.0.0.0/8,
any RFC 1918 private addresses, and any IP multicast address.
S tep 1.
C onfigure AC L 100 to bloc k all s pec ified traffic from the outs ide network.
You should also block traffic sourced from your own internal address space if it is not an RFC 1918 address (in
this activity, your internal address space is part of the private address space specified in RFC 1918).
Use the access-list command to create a numbered IP ACL.
R3(config)#
R3(config)#
R3(config)#
R3(config)#
R3(config)#
R3(config)#
S tep 2.
access-list
access-list
access-list
access-list
access-list
access-list
100
100
100
100
100
100
Use the ip access-group command to apply the access list to incoming traffic on interface Serial 0/0/1.
R3(config)# interface s0/0/1
R3(config-if)# ip access-group 100 in
S tep 3.
C onfirm that the s pec ified traffic entering interfac e S erial 0/0/1 is dropped.
From the PC-C command prompt, ping the PC-A server. The ICMP echo replies are blocked by the ACL since
they are sourced from the 192.168.0.0/16 address space.
S tep 4.
Remove the ACL. Otherwise, all traffic from the outside network (being addressed with private source IP
addresses) will be denied for the remainder of the PT activity.
Use the no ip access-group command to remove the access list from interface Serial 0/0/1.
R3(config)# interface s0/0/1
R3(config-if)# no ip access-group 100 in
Task 4:
Deny all outbound packets with source address outside the range of internal IP addresses.
S tep 1.
C onfigure AC L 110 to permit only traffic from the ins ide network.
Use the ip access-group command to apply the access list to incoming traffic on interface F0/1.
R3(config)# interface fa0/1
R3(config-if)# ip access-group 110 in
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Page 3 of 4
CCNA Security
Task 5:
Permit any outside host to access DNS, SMTP, and FTP services on server PC-A, deny any outside host
access to HTTPS services on PC-A, and permit PC-C to access R1 via SSH.
S tep 1.
C onfigure AC L 120 to s pec ific ally permit and deny the s pec ified traffic .
access-list
access-list
access-list
access-list
access-list
120
120
120
120
120
Use the ip access-group command to apply the access list to incoming traffic on interface S0/0/0.
R1(config)# interface s0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ip access-group 120 in
S tep 4.
Task 6:
Permit ICMP echo replies and destination unreachable messages from the outside network (relative to R1);
deny all other incoming ICMP packets.
S tep 1.
S tep 2.
Make any nec es s ary c hanges to AC L 120 to permit and deny the s pec ified traffic .
access-list
access-list
access-list
access-list
120
120
120
120
S tep 3.
S tep 4.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 4 of 4
Addressing Table
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Fa0/1
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/1
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
Fa0/1
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.3.1
R1
R2
R3
Learning Objectives
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Page 1 of 5
CCNA Security
Introduction
Context-Based Access Control (CBAC) is used to create an IOS firewall. In this activity, you will create a basic
CBAC configuration on edge router R3. R3 provides access to resources outside of the network for hosts on the
inside network. R3 blocks external hosts from accessing internal resources. After the configuration is complete,
you will verify firewall functionality from internal and external hosts.
The routers have been pre-configured with the following:
IP addressing
Static routing
Task 1:
S tep 1.
From the PC-C command prompt, Telnet to the Router R2 S0/0/1 interface: IP address 10.2.2.2. Exit
the Telnet session.
From PC-C, open a web browser to the PC-A server to display the web page. Close the browser on
PC-C.
S tep 2.
S tep 4.
From the PC-C command prompt, ping the PC-A server. The ICMP echo replies are blocked by the ACL.
Task 2:
S tep 1.
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Page 2 of 5
CCNA Security
S tep 2.
Use the ip inspect audit-trail command to turn on CBAC audit messages to provide a record of network
access through the firewall, including illegitimate access attempts. Enable logging to the syslog server,
192.168.1.3, with the logging host command. Make sure that logged messages are timestamped.
R3(config)# ip inspect audit-trail
R3(config)# service timestamps debug datetime msec
R3(config)# logging host 192.168.1.3
S tep 3.
Apply the ins pec tion rule to egres s traffic on interfac e S 0/0/1.
R3(config-if)# ip inspect IN-OUT-IN out
S tep 4.
V erify that audit trail mes s ages are being logged on the s ys log s erver.
From PC-C, test connectivity to PC-A with ping, Telnet, and HTTP. Ping and HTTP should be
successful. Note that PC-A will reject the Telnet session.
From PC-A, test connectivity to PC-C with ping and Telnet. All should be blocked.
Review the syslog messages on server PC-A: click the Config tab and then click the SYSLOG
option.
Task 3:
S tep 1.
The Telnet should succeed. While the Telnet session is active, issue the command show ip inspect sessions
on R3. This command displays the existing sessions that are currently being tracked and inspected by CBAC.
R3# show ip inspect sessions
Established Sessions
Session 100424296 (192.168.3.3:1031)=>(10.1.1.2:23) telnet SIS_OPEN
What is the source IP address and port number? 192.168.3.3:1031 (port 1031 is random)
What is the destination IP address and port number? 10.1.1.2:23 (Telnet = port 23)
Exit the Telnet session.
S tep 2.
F rom P C -C , open a web brows er to the P C -A s erver web page us ing the s erver IP addres s .
The HTTP session should succeed. While the HTTP session is active, issue the command show ip inspect
sessions on R3.
What is the source IP address and port number? 192.168.3.3:1027 (port 1032 is random)
What is the destination IP address and port number? 192.168.1.3:80 (HTTP web = port 80)
Close the browser on PC-C.
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Page 3 of 5
CCNA Security
S tep 3.
V iew the interfac e c onfiguration and ins pec tion rule timers .
Task 4:
S tep 1.
Enter the show ip inspect config command on R3 to display the complete CBAC inspection configuration.
R3# show ip inspect config
Session audit trail is enabled
Session alert is enabled
one-minute (sampling period) thresholds are [unlimited : unlimited]
connections
max-incomplete sessions thresholds are [unlimited : unlimited]
max-incomplete tcp connections per host is unlimited. Block-time 0 minute.
tcp synwait-time is 30 sec -- tcp finwait-time is 5 sec
tcp idle-time is 3600 sec -- udp idle-time is 30 sec
tcp reassembly queue length 16; timeout 5 sec; memory-limit 1024 kilo
bytes
dns-timeout is 5 sec
Inspection Rule Configuration
Inspection name IN-OUT-IN
icmp alert is on audit-trail is off timeout 10
telnet alert is on audit-trail is off timeout 3600
http alert is on audit-trail is off timeout 3600
S tep 2.
Enter the debug ip inspect detailed command on R3 to display detailed messages about CBAC software
events, including information about CBAC packet processing.
From PC-C, open a web browser on PC-C; enter the PC-A (server) IP address: 192.168.1.3.
R3# debug ip inspect detailed
INSPECT Detailed Debug debugging is on
*Mar 01, 02:37:28.3737: %FW-6-SESS_AUDIT_TRAIL_START: Start http session:
initiator (192.168.3.3:1039) -- responder (192.168.1.3:80)
*Mar 01, 02:37:28.3737: CBAC: Finding pregen session for src_tableid:0,
src_addr:192.168.3.3, src_port:1039, dst_tableid:0, dst_addr:192.168.1.3,
dst_port:80
*Mar 01, 02:37:38.3737: %FW-6-SESS_AUDIT_TRAIL_STOP: Stop http session:
initiator (192.168.3.3:1041) -- responder (192.168.1.3:80)
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CCNA Security
S tep 3.
C hec k R es ults .
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 5 of 5
Addressing Table
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Fa0/1
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
S0/0/1
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
Fa0/1
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.3
255.255.255.0
192.168.3.1
R1
R2
R3
Learning Objectives
Verify ZPF firewall functionality using ping, Telnet and a web browser.
Introduction
Zone-based policy (ZPF) firewalls are the latest development in the evolution of Cisco firewall technologies. In
this activity, you configure a basic ZPF on an edge router R3 that allows internal hosts access to external
resources and blocks external hosts from accessing internal resources. You then verify firewall functionality
from internal and external hosts.
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CCNA Security
Static routing
Task 1:
S tep 2.
F rom the P C -C c ommand prompt, T elnet to the R outer R 2 S 0/0/1 interfac e at 10.2.2.2. E x it the
T elnet s es s ion.
S tep 3.
Click the Desktop tab and click the Web Browser application. Enter the PC-A IP address 192.168.1.3 as the
URL. The Packet Tracer 5.x welcome page from the web server should be displayed.
Close the browser on PC-C.
Task 2:
Note:
S tep 1.
Task 3:
S tep 1.
Use the access-list command to create extended ACL 101 to permit all IP protocols from the 192.168.3.0/24
source network to any destination.
R3(config)# access-list 101 permit ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 any
S tep 2.
Use the class map type inspect command with the match-all option to create a class map named IN-NETCLASS-MAP. Use the match access-group command to match ACL 101.
R3(config)# class-map type inspect match-all IN-NET-CLASS-MAP
R3(config-cmap)# match access-group 101
R3(config-cmap)# exit
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CCNA Security
Note:
Task 4:
S tep 1.
Although not supported in this Packet Tracer exercise, individual protocols (HTTP, FTP, etc.) can be
specific to be matched using the match-any option in order to provide more precise control over what
type of traffic is inspected.
Use the policy-map type inspect command and create a policy map named IN-2-OUT-PMAP.
R3(config)# policy-map type inspect IN-2-OUT-PMAP
S tep 2.
S pec ify a c las s type of ins pec t and referenc e c las s map IN-NE T -C L AS S -MAP .
R3(config-pmap)# class type inspect IN-NET-CLASS-MAP
S tep 3.
S pec ify the ac tion of ins pec t for this polic y map
The use of the inspect command invokes context-based access control (other options include pass and drop).
R3(config-pmap-c)# inspect
%No specific protocol configured in class IN-NET-CLASS-MAP for inspection.
All protocols will be inspected.
Issue the exit command twice to leave config-pmap-c mode and return to config mode.
R3(config-pmap-c)# exit
R3(config-pmap)# exit
Task 5:
S tep 1.
Using the zone-pair security command, create a zone pair named IN-2-OUT-ZPAIR. Specify the source and
destination zones that were created in Task 1.
R3(config)# zone-pair security IN-2-OUT-ZPAIR source IN-ZONE destination
OUT-ZONE
S tep 2.
S pec ify the polic y map for handling the traffic between the two zones .
Attach a policy-map and its associated actions to the zone pair using the service-policy type inspect
command and reference the policy map previously created, IN-2-OUT-PMAP.
R3(config-sec-zone-pair)# service-policy type inspect IN-2-OUT-PMAP
R3(config-sec-zone-pair)# exit
R3(config)#
S tep 3.
Use the zone-member security command in interface config mode to assign Fa0/1 to IN-ZONE and S0/0/1 to
OUT-ZONE.
R3(config)# interface fa0/1
R3(config-if)# zone-member security IN-ZONE
R3(config-if)# exit
R3(config)# interface s0/0/1
R3(config-if)# zone-member security OUT-ZONE
R3(config-if)# exit
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CCNA Security
S tep 4.
Task 6:
Verify that internal hosts can still access external resources after configuring the zone-based policy firewall.
S tep 1.
From the PC-C Command Prompt, ping PC-A at 192.168.1.3. The ping should succeed.
S tep 2.
From the PC-C Command Prompt, telnet to R2 at 10.2.2.2 and provide the vty password ciscovtypa55. The
telnet should succeed. While the Telnet session is active, issue the command show policy-map type inspect
zone-pair sessions on R3 to view established sessions.
R3# show policy-map type inspect zone-pair sessions
Zone-pair: IN-ZONE-OUT-ZONE
Service-policy inspect : IN-2-OUT-PMAP
Class-map: IN-NET-CLASS-MAP (match-all)
Match: access-group 101
Inspect
Established Sessions
Session 139644744 (192.168.3.3:1025)=>(10.2.2.2:23) telnet:tcp
SIS_OPEN
Created 00:00:02, Last heard 00:00:00
Bytes sent (initiator:responder) [0:0]
What is the source IP address and port number? 192.168.3.3:1025 (port 1025 is random)
What is the destination IP address and port number? 10.2.2.2:23 (Telnet = port 23)
S tep 3.
F rom P C -C , exit the T elnet s es s ion on R 2 and c los e the C ommand P rompt window.
S tep 4.
Enter the server IP address 192.168.1.3 in the browser URL field and click Go. The HTTP session should
succeed. While the HTTP session is active, issue the command show policy-map type inspect zone-pair
sessions on R3 to view established sessions.
Note: If the HTTP session times out before you execute the command on R3, you will have to click the Go
button on PC-C to generate a session between PC-C and PC-A.
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CCNA Security
Task 7:
Verify that external hosts CANNOT access internal resources after configuring the zone-based policy firewall.
S tep 1.
From the PC-A Command Prompt, ping PC-C at 192.168.3.3. The ping should fail.
S tep 2.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 5 of 5
Addressing Table
Device
R1
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
FA0/0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/0 (DCE)
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/1 (DCE)
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
FA0/0
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S0/0/0
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.0
N/A
Syslog Server
NIC
192.168.1.50
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.2
255.255.255.0
192.168.3.1
R2
R3
Learning Objectives
Enable IOS IPS.
Configure logging.
Modify an IPS signature.
Verify IPS.
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CCNA Security
Introduction
Your task is to configure router R1 for IPS in order to scan traffic entering the 192.168.1.0 network.
The server labeled Syslog Server is used to log IPS messages. You must configure the router to identify the
syslog server in order to receive logging messages. Displaying the correct time and date in syslog messages is
vital when using syslog to monitor the network. Set the clock and configure timestamp service for logging on the
routers. Finally, enable IPS to produce an alert and drop ICMP echo reply packets inline.
The server and PCs have been preconfigured. The routers have also been preconfigured with the following:
EIGRP 101
Task 1:
Note:
S tep 1.
S tep 2.
On R1, create a directory in flash using the mkdir command. Name the directory ipsdir.
R1#mkdir ipsdir
Create directory filename [ipsdir]? <Enter>
Created dir flash:ipsdir
S tep 3.
On R1, configure the IPS signature storage location to be the directory you just created.
R1(config)#ip ips config location flash:ipsdir
S tep 4.
C reate an IP S rule.
On R1, create an IPS rule name using the ip ips name name command in global configuration mode. Name
the IPS rule iosips.
R1(config)# ip ips name iosips
S tep 5.
E nable logging.
IOS IPS supports the use of syslog to send event notification. Syslog notification is enabled by default. If
logging console is enabled, you see IPS syslog messages.
Enable syslog if it is not enabled.
R1(config)# ip ips notify log
Use the clock set command from privileged EXEC mode to reset the clock if necessary.
R1# clock set 01:20:00 6 january 2009
Verify that the timestamp service for logging is enabled on the router using the show run command. Enable the
timestamp service if it is not enabled.
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CCNA Security
R1(config)# service timestamps log datetime msec
Send log messages to the Syslog server at IP address 192.168.1.50.
R1(config)# logging host 192.168.1.50
S tep 6.
Retire the all signature category with the retired true command (all signatures within the signature release).
Unretire the IOS_IPS Basic category with the retired false command.
R1(config)# ip ips signature-category
R1(config-ips-category)# category all
R1(config-ips-category-action)# retired true
R1(config-ips-category-action)# exit
R1(config-ips-category)# category ios_ips basic
R1(config-ips-category-action)# retired false
R1(config-ips-category-action)# exit
R1(config-ips-cateogry)# exit
Do you want to accept these changes? [confirm] <Enter>
S tep 7.
Apply the IPS rule to an interface with the ip ips name direction command in interface configuration
mode. Apply the rule outbound on the Fa0/0 interface of R1. After you enable IPS, some log messages will be
sent to the console line indicating that the IPS engines are being initialized.
Note:
The direction in means that IPS inspects only traffic going into the interface. Similarly, out means only
traffic going out the interface.
R1(config)# interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)# ip ips iosips out
Task 2:
S tep 1.
Un-retire the echo request signature (signature 2004, subsig ID 0), enable it and change the signature action to
alert, and drop.
R1(config)# ip ips signature-definition
R1(config-sigdef)# signature 2004 0
R1(config-sigdef-sig)# status
R1(config-sigdef-sig-status)# retired false
R1(config-sigdef-sig-status)# enabled true
R1(config-sigdef-sig-status)# exit
R1(config-sigdef-sig)# engine
R1(config-sigdef-sig-engine)# event-action produce-alert
R1(config-sigdef-sig-engine)# event-action deny-packet-inline
R1(config-sigdef-sig-engine)# exit
R1(config-sigdef-sig)# exit
R1(config-sigdef)# exit
Do you want to accept these changes? [confirm] <Enter>
S tep 2.
Use the show ip ips all command to see an IPS configuration status summary.
To which interfaces and in which direction is the iosips rule applied? Fa 0/0 outbound.
S tep 3.
From PC-C, attempt to ping PC-A. Were the pings successful? Why or why not?
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CCNA Security
The pings should fail. This is because the IPS rule for event-action of an echo request was set to deny-packetinline.
From PC-A, attempt to ping PC-C. Were the pings successful? Why or why not?
The ping should be successful. This is because the IPS rule does not cover echo reply. When PC-A pings PCC, PC-C responds with an echo reply.
S tep 4.
Click on the Syslog server. Select the Config tab. In the left navigation menu, select SYSLOG to view the log
file.
S tep 5.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 4 of 4
Objectives
Introduction
There have been a number of attacks on the network recently. For this reason, the network administrator has
assigned you the task of configuring Layer 2 security.
For optimum performance and security, the administrator would like to ensure that the root bridge is the 3560
Central switch. To prevent against spanning-tree manipulation attacks, the administrator wants to ensure that
the STP parameters are secure. In addition, the network administrator would like to enable storm control to
prevent broadcast storms. Finally, to prevent against MAC address table overflow attacks, the network
administrator has decided to configure port security to limit the number of MAC addresses that can be learned
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CCNA Security
per switch port. If the number of MAC addresses exceeds the set limit, the administrator would like for the port
to be shutdown.
All switch devices have been preconfigured with the following:
Task 1:
S tep 1.
From Central, issue the show spanning-tree command to determine the current root bridge and to see the
ports in use and their status.
Which switch is the current root-bridge? Current root is SW-1
Based on the current root-bridge, what is the resulting spanning-tree? (Draw the spanning-tree topology.)
S tep 2.
Using the spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary command, assign the 3560 Central switch as the root bridge.
Central(config)# spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
S tep 3.
Assign SW-1 as the secondary root bridge using the spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary command.
SW-1(config)# spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary
S tep 4.
Issue the show spanning-tree command to verify that 3560 Central switch is the root bridge.
Which switch is the current root-bridge? Current root is Central
Based on the new root-bridge, what is the resulting spanning-tree? (Draw the spanning-tree topology.)
Task 2:
PortFast is configured on access ports that connect to a single workstation or server to enable them to become
active more quickly. On the connected access ports of the SW-A and SW-B switches, use the spanning-tree
portfast command.
SW-A(config)# interface range fastethernet 0/1 - 4
SW-A(config-if-range)# spanning-tree portfast
SW-B(config)# interface range fastethernet 0/1 - 4
SW-B(config-if-range)# spanning-tree portfast
S tep 2.
BPDU guard is a feature that can help prevent rogue switches and spoofing on access ports. Enable BPDU
guard on SW-A and SW-B access ports.
SW-A(config)# interface range fastethernet 0/1 - 4
SW-A(config-if-range)# spanning-tree bpduguard enable
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CCNA Security
Root guard can be enabled on all ports on a switch that are not root ports. It is best deployed on ports that
connect to other non-root switches. Use the show spanning-tree command to determine the location of the
root port on each switch.
On switch SW-1, enable root guard on ports Fa0/23 and Fa0/24. On switch SW-2, enable root guard on ports
Fa0/23 and Fa0/24.
SW-1(config)# interface fa0/23
SW-1(config-if)# spanning-tree guard root
SW-1(config-if)# interface fa0/24
SW-1(config-if)# spanning-tree guard root
SW-2(config)# interface fa0/23
SW-2(config-if)# spanning-tree guard root
SW-2(config-if)# interface fa0/24
SW-2(config-if)# spanning-tree guard root
Task 3:
S tep 1.
Enable storm control for broadcasts on all ports connecting switches (trunk ports). Set a 50 percent rising
suppression level using the storm-control broadcast command. Enable storm-control on interfaces
connecting Central, SW-1, and SW-2.
Example:
SW-1(config)# interface gi1/1
SW-1(config-if)# storm-control broadcast
SW-1(config-if)# interface fa0/1
SW-1(config-if)# storm-control broadcast
SW-1(config-if)# interface fa0/23
SW-1(config-if)# storm-control broadcast
SW-1(config-if)# interface fa0/24
SW-1(config-if)# storm-control broadcast
level 50
level 50
level 50
level 50
**Repeat on SW-2 (gig1/1, fa0/1, fa0/23, and fa0/24) and Central (gig0/1,
gig0/2, fa0/1) connection to other switches
S tep 2.
Verify your configuration with the show storm-control broadcast command and the show run
command.
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CCNA Security
Task 4:
S tep 1.
This procedure should be performed on all access ports on SW-A and SW-B. Set the maximum number of
learned MAC address to 2, allow the MAC address to be learned dynamically, and set the violation to shutdown.
Keep in mind that a switch port must be configured as an access port to enable port security.
Example:
SW-A(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1
SW-A(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW-A(config-if)# switchport port-security
SW-A(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 2
SW-A(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
SW-A(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-address sticky
**Repeat on other ports in SW-A and SW-B
Why would you not want to enable port-security on ports connected to other switches or routers?
Ports connected to other switch devices and routers can, and should, have a multitude of MAC addresses
learned for that single port. Limiting the number of MAC addresses that can be learned on these ports can
significantly impact network functionality.
S tep 2.
On SW-A, issue the show port-security interface fa0/1 command to verify that port security has
been configured.
S tep 3.
Disable all ports that are currently unused. For efficiency purposes, the Activity Wizard will only grade Fa0/5
and Fa0/6 on SW-A and SW-B.
Example:
SW-A(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/5
SW-A(config-if)# shutdown
**Repeat on other ports on SW-A and SW-B
S tep 4.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 4 of 4
Objectives
Enable trunking and configure security on the new trunk link between SW-1 and SW-2.
Create a new management VLAN (VLAN 20) and attach a management PC to that VLAN.
Implement an ACL to prevent outside users from accessing the management VLAN.
Introduction
A companys network is currently set up using two separate VLANs: VLAN 5 and VLAN 10. In addition, all trunk
ports are configured with native VLAN 15. A network administrator wants to add a redundant link between
switch SW-1 and SW-2. The link must have trunking enabled and all security requirements should be in place.
In addition, the network administrator wants to connect a management PC to switch SW-A. The administrator
would like to allow the management PC to be able to connect to all switches and the router, but does not want
any other devices to be able to connect to the management PC or the switches. The administrator would like to
create a new VLAN 20 for management purposes.
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CCNA Security
Task 1:
Verify Connectivity
S tep 1.
S tep 2.
Note: If using the simple PDU GUI packet, be sure to ping twice to allow for ARP.
Task 2:
S tep 1.
Using a crossover cable, connect port Fa0/23 on SW-1 to port Fa0/23 on SW-2.
S tep 2.
E nable trunking, inc luding all trunk s ec urity mec hanis ms on the link between S W -1 and S W -2.
Trunking has already been configured on all pre-existing trunk interfaces. The new link must be configured for
trunking, including all trunk security mechanisms. On both SW-1 and SW-2, set the port to trunk, assign native
VLAN 15 to the trunk port, and disable auto-negotiation.
SW-1(config)# interface fa0/23
SW-1(config-if)# no shutdown
SW-1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW-1(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 15
SW-1(config-if)# switchport nonegotiate
SW-2(config)# interface fa0/23
SW-2(config-if)# no shutdown
SW-2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW-2(config-if)# switchport trunk native vlan 15
SW-2(config-if)# switchport nonegotiate
Task 3:
The network administrator would like to be able to access all switch and routing devices using a management
PC. For security, the administrator wants to ensure that all managed devices are on a separate VLAN.
S tep 1.
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CCNA Security
S tep 2.
Be sure to create the VLAN on all switches: SW-B, SW-1, SW-2 and Central.
SW-B(config)# vlan 20
SW-B(config-vlan)# exit
SW-B(config)# interface vlan 20
SW-B(config-if)# ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
SW-1(config)# vlan 20
SW-1(config-vlan)# exit
SW-1(config)# interface vlan 20
SW-1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.20.3 255.255.255.0
SW-2(config)# vlan 20
SW-2(config-vlan)# exit
SW-2(config)# interface vlan 20
SW-2(config-if)# ip address 192.168.20.4 255.255.255.0
Central(config)# vlan 20
Central(config-vlan)# exit
Central(config)# interface vlan 20
Central(config-if)# ip address 192.168.20.5 255.255.255.0
S tep 3.
Ensure that the management PC is assigned an IP address within the 192.168.20.0/24 network. Connect the
management PC to SW-A port Fa0/1.
S tep 4.
The management PC should be able to ping SW-A, SW-B, SW-1, SW-2 and Central.
Task 4:
S tep 1.
Create subinterface Fa0/0.3 and assign an IP address within the 192.168.20.0/24 network. Be sure to set
encapsulation to dot1q 20 to account for VLAN 20.
R1(config)# interface fa0/0.3
R1(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 20
R1(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.100 255.255.255.0
S tep 2.
Be sure to configure the default gateway on the management PC to allow for connectivity.
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CCNA Security
S tep 3.
E nable s ec urity.
While the management PC must be able to access the router, no other PC should be able to access the
management VLAN.
Create an ACL(s) that denies any network from accessing the 192.168.20.0/24 network, but permits all other
networks to access one another.
Example: (may vary from student configuration)
R1(config)# access-list 101 deny ip any 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
R1(config)# access-list 101 permit ip any any
Apply the ACL to the proper interface(s).
Example: (may vary from student configuration)
R1(config)# int fa0/0.1
R1(config-subif)# ip access-group 101 in
R1(config-subif)# int fa0/0.2
R1(config-subif)# ip access-group 101 in
Note:
S tep 4.
There are multiple ways in which an ACL can be created to accomplish the necessary security. For this
reason, grading on this portion of the activity is based on the correct connectivity requirements. The
management PC must be able to connect to all switches and the router. All other PCs should not be
able to connect to any devices within the management VLAN.
V erify S ec urity.
From the management PC, ping SW-A, SW-B, and R1. Was the ping successful?
The ping should have been successful because all devices within the 192.168.20.0 network should be able to
ping one another. Devices within VLAN20 are not required to route through the router.
From D1, ping the management PC. Was the ping successful?
The ping should have failed. This is because in order for a device within a different VLAN to successfully ping a
device within VLAN20, it must be routed. The router has an ACL that prevents all packets from accessing the
192.168.20.0 network.
S tep 5.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
Keep in mind that if all components appear to be correct and the activity still shows incomplete, it could be due
to the connectivity tests that verify the ACL operation.
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Page 4 of 4
Addressing Table
Device
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Fa0/0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
S0/0/0
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
Fa0/0
192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
S0/0/1
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
Fa0/0
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.3
255.255.255.0
PC-B
NIC
192.168.2.3
255.255.255.0
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.3
255.255.255.0
R1
R2
R3
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CCNA Security
Learning Objectives
Introduction
The network topology shows three routers. Your task is to configure routers R1 and R3 to support a site-to-site
IPsec VPN when traffic flows from their respective LANs. The IPsec VPN tunnel is from router R1 to router R3
via R2. R2 acts as a pass-through and has no knowledge of the VPN. IPsec provides secure transmission of
sensitive information over unprotected networks such as the Internet. IPsec acts at the network layer, protecting
and authenticating IP packets between participating IPsec devices (peers), such as Cisco routers.
R1
R3
Manual or ISAKMP
ISAKMP
ISAKMP
Encryption algorithm
AES
AES
Hash algorithm
MD5 or SHA-1
SHA-1
SHA-1
Authentication method
pre-share
pre-share
Key exchange
DH Group 1, 2, or 5
DH 2
DH 2
IKE SA Lifetime
86400
86400
vpnpa55
vpnpa55
ISAKMP Key
Note:
Bolded parameters are defaults. Only unbolded parameters have to be explicitly configured.
R1
R3
Transform Set
VPN-SET
VPN-SET
Peer Hostname
R3
R1
Peer IP Address
10.2.2.2
10.1.1.2
Network to be encrypted
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.3.0/24
VPN-MAP
VPN-MAP
SA Establishment
ipsec-isakmp
ipsec-isakmp
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The routers have been pre-configured with the following:
RIP version 2
Task 1:
S tep 1.
Configure ACL 110 to identify the traffic from the LAN on R1 to the LAN on R3 as interesting. This interesting
traffic will trigger the IPsec VPN to be implemented whenever there is traffic between R1 to R3 LANs. All other
traffic sourced from the LANs will not be encrypted. Remember that due to the implicit deny all, there is no need
to configure a deny any any statement.
R1(config)# access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.3.0
0.0.0.255
S tep 3.
Configure the crypto ISAKMP policy 10 properties on R1 along with the shared crypto key vpnpa55. Refer to
the ISAKMP Phase 1 table for the specific parameters to configure. Default values do not have to be configured
therefore only the encryption, key exchange method, and DH method must be configured.
R1(config)# crypto
R1(config-isakmp)#
R1(config-isakmp)#
R1(config-isakmp)#
R1(config-isakmp)#
R1(config)# crypto
S tep 4.
isakmp policy 10
encryption aes
authentication pre-share
group 2
exit
isakmp key vpnpa55 address 10.2.2.2
Create the transform-set VPN-SET to use esp-3des and esp-sha-hmac. Then create the crypto map VPNMAP that binds all of the Phase 2 parameters together. Use sequence number 10 and identify it as an ipsecisakmp map.
R1(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set VPN-SET esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
R1(config)# crypto map VPN-MAP 10 ipsec-isakmp
R1(config-crypto-map)# description VPN connection to R3
R1(config-crypto-map)# set peer 10.2.2.2
R1(config-crypto-map)# set transform-set VPN-SET
R1(config-crypto-map)# match address 110
R1(config-crypto-map)# exit
S tep 5.
Finally, bind the VPN-MAP crypto map to the outgoing Serial 0/0/0 interface. Note: This is not graded.
R1(config)# interface S0/0/0
R1(config-if)# crypto map VPN-MAP
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CCNA Security
Task 2:
S tep 1.
Now configure reciprocating parameters on R3. Configure ACL 110 identifying the traffic from the LAN on R3 to
the LAN on R1 as interesting.
R3(config)# access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.1.0
0.0.0.255
S tep 2.
Configure the crypto ISAKMP policy 10 properties on R3 along with the shared crypto key vpnpa55.
R3(config)# crypto
R3(config-isakmp)#
R3(config-isakmp)#
R3(config-isakmp)#
R3(config-isakmp)#
R3(config)# crypto
S tep 3.
isakmp policy 10
encryption aes
authentication pre-share
group 2
exit
isakmp key vpnpa55 address 10.1.1.2
Like you did on R1, create the transform-set VPN-SET to use esp-3des and esp-sha-hmac. Then create the
crypto map VPN-MAP that binds all of the Phase 2 parameters together. Use sequence number 10 and identify
it as an ipsec-isakmp map.
R3(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set VPN-SET esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
R3(config)# crypto map VPN-MAP 10 ipsec-isakmp
R3(config-crypto-map)# description VPN connection to R1
R3(config-crypto-map)# set peer 10.1.1.2
R3(config-crypto-map)# set transform-set VPN-SET
R3(config-crypto-map)# match address 110
R3(config-crypto-map)# exit
S tep 4.
Finally, bind the VPN-MAP crypto map to the outgoing Serial 0/0/1 interface. Note: This is not graded.
R3(config)# interface S0/0/1
R3(config-if)# crypto map VPN-MAP
Task 3:
S tep 1.
Issue the show crypto ipsec sa command on R1. Notice that the number of packets encapsulated, encrypted,
decapsulated and decrypted are all set to 0.
S tep 2.
On R1, re-issue the show crypto ipsec sa command. Now notice that the number of packets is more than 0
indicating that the IPsec VPN tunnel is working.
S tep 4.
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CCNA Security
S tep 5.
On R1, re-issue the show crypto ipsec sa command. Finally, notice that the number of packets has not
changed verifying that uninteresting traffic is not encrypted.
S tep 6.
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 5 of 5
Addressing Table
Device
R1
Interface
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Switch Port
FA0/1
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S1 FA0/5
S0/0/0 (DCE)
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
S0/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
S0/0/1 (DCE)
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
FA0/1
192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0
N/A
S3 FA0/5
S0/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
N/A
N/A
PC-A
NIC
192.168.1.5
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
S1 FA0/6
PC-B
NIC
192.168.1.6
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
S2 FA0/18
PC-C
NIC
192.168.3.5
255.255.255.0
192.168.3.1
S3 FA0/6
R2
R3
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Page 1 of 12
CCNA Security
Learning Objectives
Secure the routers with strong passwords, password encryption and a login banner.
Introduction
In this comprehensive practice activity, you will apply a combination of security measures that were introduced
in the course. These measures are listed in the objectives.
In the topology, R1 is the edge outer for the Company A while R3 is the edge router for Company B. These
networks are interconnected via the R2 router which represents the ISP. You will configure various security
features on the routers and switches for Company A and Company B. Not all security features will be
configured on R1 and R3.
The following preconfigurations have been made:
Static routing
Task 1:
S tep 1.
S tep 2.
S tep 3.
T es t c onnec tivity.
Task 2:
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console 0
password ciscoconpa55
exec-timeout 5 0
login
logging synchronous
R3(config)# line
R3(config-line)#
R3(config-line)#
R3(config-line)#
R3(config-line)#
console 0
password ciscoconpa55
exec-timeout 5 0
login
logging synchronous
vty 0 4
password ciscovtypa55
exec-timeout 5 0
login authentication default
Note: The vty lines on R3 will be configured for SSH in a later task.
S tep 6. C onfigure login banner on R 1 and R 3.
Configure a warning to unauthorized users with a message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner that says: No
Unauthorized Access!.
R1(config)# banner motd $No Unauthorized Access!$
R3(config)# banner motd $No Unauthorized Access!$
Task 3:
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CCNA Security
Task 4:
Configure NTP
C onfigure R 1 as an NT P C lient.
Configure NTP authentication Key 1 with a password of ciscontppa55. Configure R1 to synchronize with the
NTP server and authenticate using Key 1.
R1(config)#
R1(config)#
R1(config)#
R1(config)#
ntp
ntp
ntp
ntp
authenticate
authentication-key 1 md5 ciscontppa55
trusted-key 1
server 192.168.1.5 key 1
Task 5:
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CCNA Security
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Task 6:
Task 7:
Configure SSH on R3
vty 0 4
exec-timeout 5 0
login local
transport input ssh
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CCNA Security
R3(config)# ip ssh version
Task 8:
Configure CBAC on R1
Task 9:
Configure ZPF on R3
From PC-C, test connectivity with ping and Telnet to R2; all should be successful.
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CCNA Security
R3(config)# access-list 101 permit ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 any
S tep 4. C reate a c las s map referenc ing the internal traffic AC L .
Create a class map named IN-NET-CLASS-MAP to match ACL 101.
R3(config)# class-map type inspect match-all IN-NET-CLASS-MAP
R3(config-cmap)# match access-group 101
R3(config-cmap)# exit
S tep 5. S pec ify firewall polic ies .
Create a policy map named IN-2-OUT-PMAP to determine what to do with matched traffic.
R3(config)# policy-map type inspect IN-2-OUT-PMAP
Specify a class type of inspect and reference class map IN-NET-CLASS-MAP.
R3(config-pmap)# class type inspect IN-NET-CLASS-MAP
Specify the action of inspect for this policy map
R3(config-pmap-c)# inspect
You should see the following console message:
%No specific protocol configured in class IN-NET-CLASS-MAP for inspection.
All protocols will be inspected.
Exit to the global config prompt.
R3(config-pmap-c)# exit
R3(config-pmap)# exit
S tep 6. Apply firewall polic ies .
Create a zone pair named IN-2-OUT-ZPAIR. Specify the source and destination zones that were created
earlier.
R3(config)# zone-pair security IN-2-OUT-ZPAIR source IN-ZONE destination
OUT-ZONE
Attach a policy map and actions to the zone pair referencing the policy map previously created, IN-2-OUTPMAP.
R3(config-sec-zone-pair)# service-policy type inspect IN-2-OUT-PMAP
Exit to the global config prompt and assign the internal and external interfaces to the security zones.
R3(config)# interface fa0/1
R3(config-if)# zone-member security IN-ZONE
R3(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
R3(config-if)# zone-member security OUT-ZONE
S tep 7. T es t firewall func tionality.
Verify that the internal host can still access external resources.
From PC-C, test connectivity with ping and Telnet to R2; all should be successful.
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S1(config)# enable secret ciscoenpa55
S tep 2. E nc rypt plaintext pas s words .
S1(config)# service password-encryption
S tep 3. C onfigure the c ons ole lines on all s witc hes .
Configure a console password of ciscoconpa55 and enable login. Set the exec-timeout to log out after 5
minutes of inactivity. Prevent console messages from interrupting command entry.
S1(config)# line
S1(config-line)#
S1(config-line)#
S1(config-line)#
S1(config-line)#
console 0
password ciscoconpa55
exec-timeout 5 0
login
logging synchronous
vty 0 4
password ciscovtypa55
exec-timeout 5 0
login
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S1(config-if)# switchport port-security
S1(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-address sticky
S1(config-if)# no shutdown
S1(config-if)#
S1(config-if)#
S1(config-if)#
S1(config-if)#
S1(config-if)#
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CCNA Security
This connection should fail, since R3 has been configured to accept only SSH connections on the virtual
terminal lines.
From PC-C, enter the ssh l Admin01 192.168.3.1 command to connect to R3 via SSH.
When prompted for the password, enter the password Admin01pa55 configured for the local administrator.
Use the show ip ssh command to see the configured settings.
R3# show ip ssh
SSH Enabled - version 2.0
Authentication timeout: 90 secs; Authentication retries: 2
S tep 2. V erify times tamps , NT P s tatus for R 1 and P C -A.
R1# show clock
*17:28:49.898 UTC Tue May 19 2009
R1# show ntp status
Clock is synchronized, stratum 2, reference is 192.168.1.5
nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 249.9990 Hz, precision is
2**19
reference time is CD99AF95.0000011B (15:00:37.283 UTC Tue May 19 2009)
clock offset is 0.00 msec, root delay is 0.00 msec
root dispersion is 0.02 msec, peer dispersion is 0.02 msec.
S tep 3. T es t C B AC firewall on R 1.
S tep 4. T es t ZP F firewall on R 3.
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Use the show interface Fa0/18 command to view the status of the port. The port should be in the errdisabled state.
S2#show int fa0/18
FastEthernet0/18 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled)
<output omitted>
S2#show port-security
Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action
(Count)
(Count)
(Count)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Fa0/18
1
1
1
Shutdown
---------------------------------------------------------------------On PC-B, go to the Config tab. Select FastEthernet under the Interface section. Change the MAC
address to another address. For example, change it from 0001.435D.AAAA to 0001.435D.BBBB.
From interface configuration mode on switch S2 for Fa0/18, use the no switchport port-security macaddress sticky address command to remove the original PC-B learned address.
S2(config)# int fa0/18
S2(config-if)# no switchport port-security mac-address sticky
0001.435D.3057
Shutdown and then re-enable the Fa0/18 interface.
S2(config)# int fa0/18
S2(config-if)# shutdown
S2(config-if)# no shutdown
On S2, use the show run command to confirm that the port comes up and that the new MAC address
has been learned.
S2#show run
Building configuration...
<output omitted>
interface FastEthernet0/18
switchport mode access
switchport port-security
switchport port-security mac-address sticky
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0001.435D.BBBB
spanning-tree portfast
spanning-tree bpduguard enable
<output omitted>
Note: If it is desired to reconnect the PC with the original MAC address, you can simply change the MAC
address on the PC back to the original one and issue the shutdown and no shut down commands on
port Fa0/18. If the PC or a NIC is being replaced and will have a new MAC address, you must first
remove the old learned address.
S tep 6. C hec k res ults .
Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which
required components have been completed.
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Page 12 of 12