A.M.KamuaTrHos STAPOCAALTHCKEUH H#3HE Kype aexuui iaganue nropoc, nenpansenuoe Pexonenaosano YueGno-memoguveckum o6meaunenuen fenicuux yue6noix saneacnuit Poccuiicxod Deaepauuu No negazoruueckomy ofpasosanuio Moca Hianareanerno *ch, BOKAAHSAUMA CAOTOBBIX COHOPHDIX, Tepexoa *m > *n, ynpomenua B cucteme cMbIHbTX coraaceBNx # pat apyrux (cm. Aexumo 4); 8 caaan ¢ 3THM B HAlUMX peKoHCTpyKyHax (og sHakoM actepucka — *) zoaroTa H KpaTkOCTh TAaCHDIX YKASBIBAETCA AHI AAR HEAOeBpONElicKOTO CoCTO- [AUWA, a B TIPOTOCAABATICKHX PeKOHCTPYKUHAX OH yoke He YKasbIBaeTCA. Aprop bipaskaer rayGokyto TipiialiaTeabHocT peuleHseHTy oco6Ha kanawnaty QwAoAorHYeCKHX Hayk, AouerTy B.A.Macaosoit u aoxropy gwrodormieceux nay, npopeccopy H.P JJo6poxomosy, sou covers no- BBOAHAK CYIJeCTHEHHO YAYSIINTD MpenAaraemy!o paGory. BESACHUE CY aEKYMA1 D> § 1. Mousrne o crapocaaBaAHCKOM A3bIKe Crapocaansucnnit sapik — 90 nepsbiit arreparypubiit sabiK Beex caasan, sosnucumuii » IX exe B pesyabrare nepesogos xpucTuanc- Kux GorocAyakeOHDIX KHHT ¢ rpeweckoro nabika. Takum o6pas0M, nep- oii caasmHcKHil ATepaTypHbti ABbIK BOSHNK KAK s3bK cBRIyeHHt. Bacayra costaHus crapocaBAHCKOrO Asbika TIPHHAMACAHT MepBOYI- TeARM CAaBAHCTBa cBB. 6patbam Kupnary.u Meqoamo. Ha atoro on- peneAeHs BHAHO, "TO CTAPOCAABAHCKHIT HabIK He OBIA AABIKOM 2KHBOTO Gprrosoro buena, a ObIA ABBIKOM AITYPTHM H NpONIOBEAH, a TAKGKE ABBIKOM MAcbMeHHOTO OGWeHHT — ABBIKOM GorocaoBHA, uAOCOMpAM, armorpaguut. Takoe noaorkenilte CrapocAasAHCKOrO AabiKa CraBHT Borl- poc 0 ero 2xuBolt aMareKTHoit octioBe. Pacnpoctpartasich No paRocAaBHOMY CAABSHCKOMY MHPY, CTapOcAa- BRHCKH AabIK HeNBITBIBAA BAKING aCUROM MectHoii pew. TlocteneH- Ho y KazkAoro CAaBsHICKOTO Hapoaa cANaIACA cBOli cobcTReHHDIUs004 cTapocaasascKoro aabika — cepécxtii, Soarapcnnit nan pyceKuii; pyc- cKuii w3B0R CTapoCAABANCKOrO sabIKa TIPAHATO HaBbIBATH YePKOBHOCAA- BatickHM seabikom, Koropbiit c XI no XVIII nex npoutea cwoit nyt He- ‘TopHeckoro pasBHTHA. § 2. Caapane u CAaBAHCKME ABbIKU Karan sesoi upunaarcmutr k oH nant mioH% asuixopofi ceave, spym iefiauMMH U3 KoTOpDIX ABAMOTCA HHAoeBpOTIElicKaR, TIOPKCKAM, YpaAbe- Kast, MaHYEKYpcKar, KaBkasckag, nlaAcoastiareKas, acpuKanicKas. Bee CAABSHICKHE AbIKH TIPHHAAACHAT K HHACeBPOTIE!CKOH AabIKOBO!t ceMbe, 5o6paaya ony us ee eemacii. Tloumrue sapiKonoit cempH ostatiaer, TO Bce BXORAUYHe B Hee AAbIKH BOCKOAAT K OBHOMY OOUeMY NPEAKY, Haabt- naenomy npasabixon. Hu oan npansbik, ectecrBeHtto, We COxpaHUNCs, H1BCE, HTO MbI HDIHE SHaeM 0 HX, ABAMETCH PesyAbTaTOM AMHITBHCTHEC- Kofi peKOHCTPYKYHM Ha OCHORE CpaBHHTEADHO-HCTOPHYECKOTO HCCAEHO- [aH 2KHBDIX H MEPTEDIX, HO MHCBMEHHO Sa¢pHKCHPOBAHHDIX AbIKOB. Vingoesponelicknit npasapix cyiectB0aa c rayGoxoit apestiocrH npuéxusireabio 40 3 toieaveneTin ao P. X., nlocae Hero wasHaeT pachajaTbca Ha BeTBH — aMuiicKylO, HpaHcKyto, rpeyecKyto, HTannii- cKyt0, KeAbTCKYIO, repMauickylo, GaxTo-caapaicKyto Hp. OrHocirexbiio BOSHUKHOBEHHA CABBAHCKOH RETEH, HAH TPYMITBI, ABbIKOB cyILeCTBYET [Ape TOYKH 3peHHs: COTAACHO OAHOI 43 HUX, CAaBAHCKaR rpyn~ma BO3- Huikia HenlocpeacTBeHHo Ha uigoeBporeelickoro MpasabiKa npH ero pac- nanetun, a coraacto apyroit, ripit pacriaqerH ueioeBportelicKoro nipa- abika BOSHHKAa CHavaAa eplitiad GaXTO-CAaBAHCKAA Fpyninia, 43 KOTO- poli sHauureabio noamKe, a V pexe rio P. X. sbieaAca npacaaBanc- ‘kuti aap. Moi npaepaHpaemca Bropoit TOUKH apeHHa, cuHTaA ee Gorce apryMenTHpoBaHHoil Kak HCTOPHMECKH, Tak H AMEBHCTHNECKH. Bonpoc 0 6aATO-CAaBAHCKHX #abIKOBDIX OTHOMICHHAX HMeCT JAH- ‘reabuylo HcTopiio. rH OTHOMIeHHA MbITaAHCb BbIpasitr asHbIMH Tep- Muna: equscmeo, o6uHocmb, KoKMmaKm, npaxsbix, coobusHocmb. Vis orux Tepmution HaMMertee onpeneacHHDIMH ABAMOTCA cAUHCMEO H Koxmaxm, Tak Kak eAHHCTBO MoxkeT ObIT peayabTatom AelicrBHA pas- pix ripisaan: BoszelicraHeM HHORabIHHOTO CycTpaTa, O6YIHOCTBIO TpO- HcxomAeHW, CACACTBHEM HesABHICHMOTO TapaAAaeAbHoro pasBuTHA”, Korraxrbt sosmoxsibt Kak MexAy poACTBeHHBIMH, TAK Ht HepoacTBeHt- HDIMIE AabIKaMH H He O6ABaTeABHO NipHBOAST K O6IyHOCTH. TaKuM 06- pASOM, AMHMBHCTIMIECKH COAPAATEABHEIMH ABAMIOTCH MOHATHA TIpas- sbika Ht o6tgHoCTH: nepBoe NoHATHe OsHaYaeT, ¥TO GanTulicKHe H CAa- BAHCKYe ABBIK NPOHCXOAAT 43 OAHOTO OGINeTO NpeAKa — GaATo-cAa- BAHCKOTO MipamabiKa; BTOPOE MIOHATHE OaHAaeT, HTO GAHSOCTD CAABAH- CkHE H 6aATHViCKHX S3bIKOB BOBHHKAA BCACACTBHE «AAHTEADHOTO 06- germs, TecHbIx cBaseit HocuTeseli aapiKoB’. Virak, GaaTo-cAaBaHcKHit Tipasabik HAH GaATo-cAaBAHickaa COobIyHOCTD? * Cue Bepnumetin C.B. Oxepx cpanmerersiioit rpanaaTin CAaBRHCKHX #abI- oe. M., 1961. C. 31. > Tam ane. Timoreay 6axro-caapmickoro npasabika sizsunya LLIeiixep 4 saTem sayimgan Bpyraari, koroppti yxaaan tia oGuIHOCTD OHETHYECKHX H Mop QOAOTITIECKIIX MpOUeCCOB: YTPATY CAOTOBDIX MAABHBIX H HX MepEXOA B CO- ‘evan ir, ur; ypouente ABoiibIx COMAACHEIX; BOBHUKHOBeHHe NOARDIX TIPHAAraTeABHDIX H2 CONCTAHKA KPATKHX MIPHAAraTEADHDIX ¢ YKASATEADHDL MIE MECTOHMENISIMH; NepeXOA CYIYECTBHTEADHBIX C KOHCOHAHTHDIM THOM ocHoBbI B cKAHEHHe Ha *i H psa APYTHX; CTMCOK STHX O6IIHX NpoLleccoB nocrosuo nonoansetcs. Ha ocHopanun orwx zanHbx A.A. Laxmaton TucaA, TO «NpHXOAHTCA AOMIYCTHTD TIPOHCKOReHHe CAARAH H GaxTHiiayeD ‘or onHoro o61YeTo poROHAHAAbHHKa, 110 ABBIKY YaKE OTAHUHOTO OT TIAEMe- Hit, ropopHDmiero HmIAOeDpoTTelicKIN TIpAMISbIKOM: POAOHAYAABHIEKOM CAa- BSHCKHX M GaATHIICKHX §BbIKOB, KOTOPDIii MoaCIO HaSBATb GaATHHCKO-CAa- BSIHCKHM TIpamabIKOM, GbIA ASBIK TOTO HLROEBpONIETicKOrO MAeMeHIH, KOTO- Oe, BbIAEAHBILHCD H3 HTWLOeBpONeHCKOHt CeMBH, TOABKO BIIOCAEMICTBHH pas- GiAocb Ha ABE CeMBH: CAABAHICKYTO # GaxTuficxyton*. CyyyecTpopatine 6anTo- CAABAHCKOTO TIpARSbIKa NOATBEPKAAETCA AAHKbIMH THAPOHUMHH: CAABA- Ho-6aaTHiiupt saHHMaAH OTpOMHYIO TeppHTopHIO — or HHsoBDeB BucaDt wa aaniage 20 Tlogmockonbs Ha pocroe u of Gacceittia San. Asm na ceaepe no yeroa Jlecsiot u Celina Ha tore; era TeppHTopin HEME saceneHa CcAaBAHaMM, OAHAKO FHAPOHHIMBI OCTAAHCb MIPERHIIMH, elle 6AATO-CAABA- crumu. K VI—VII sekam ortocatea B3aHMnble sabmKOBbIe 3aHMCTBOBA- Hua 9 GaxTHlickoro B CAaBSHCKH 1 HB CAaBAHCKOTO B GaxtulicKuii, 13 eTO MOIKHO CAEAATH BBIBOA O TOM, TO 10 STOTO BPeMeHH TO 6BIA EAH- nod sau, STH H HeKoTopble ApYTHe AANHIBIe CRUAETEARCTRYIOT B TIOXBSY ‘Toro, HTO B TeYeHHe ABYX ¢ MOAOBHHO! THICHY AeT GaATO-crABAHE TPEA- ‘CTaBASAK COGolt OHH ATHOC ¢ OAHHM SABIKOM, B TipeAeAAX KOTOPOTO HasIO TpeanoAaraty HAAHHHe MPOTOCAABAHCKOTO AHAAEKTA.. Twmoreay 6aaTo-caapatickoro npas3bika B pasHoe BpeMA BaluIa- aw taxue caasucret, xax Bptoxsiep, Tlenepcen, Baiian, Teopruen, Ce- Mepenbu, Aep-Cnaasuncxuli, Kypuaopirs, a Take, 8 MonKpHUHpO- santiom suze, Bay. Bc. Marios 1 B.H.Tonopos, X.Bupuéaym. TIporupsiin rinorespt 6axto-caasauckoro npasabia (A.Meiie, Sunseanu, Boayan ae Kyprens, C.B.Bepuarrelit) yxasinaiot na to, ro pesyAbTaTDI HeKOTOpEIX Mpoyeccos GbiAK pasHbIMHt B GaxTHiicKHx 4 Haxmamoe A.A. Oxepr apeateiimero nepioaa Heropia pycexoro uaa // Shwweronenns exansucxoli gurororn. Bos. tH, Hl. Fr. 1915. C.1X. 5 Tuaponuner —naszanus vosoewos. 1M CAABAHCKHX AabIKAX: TAKOBBI CYABGA AOATHX H KpATKHX rAACHBIX *a, *o, cyap6a u-e. *s. Ha ato Momo BoapaaHTb, uO 6aATO-CAABAHICKHIE Rpanabik GbiA HaHAMAAHO AHAAEKTHO AMGMpepeHUMPOBAHHDIM HB pas- HbIX ero AMaAeKTAX — MpOTOCAABAHCKHX H MpoTOGaATHiicKHX — OAH WTe we TIPOUeCCE!, HO-NepBLIX, AeficTAMTEADHO MorAH UMeTb paatetit peayAbTar H, BO-BTODDIX, MOFAH HaHHaTbCA He B OAHO BpeMA H poTe- Kat ¢ pasHoii CKOPOCTDIO, HOO TOADKO STHM H MOrKHO BOOGIE OGbAC- urrb pacrianeHHe 1oGoro Mpansbika, 6yab 9To Npasttizcesponelickit HAH npacaapstickiii, Bone cyijecraeHibim BosparKeHHeM ABARETCH TO, 70 B paMkax rumoreabt 6aATO-CAaBsHCKOTO MpamsbiKa BCE elye He pemlena npo6aema 6aATO-cAaBAHCKO peKouCTpYKUMH. OaHako ona He pemreHa H AXA npa6axtuiickoro, H Tako! pesHOCTHbIi CTOPOHTIHK GaATO-CAaBAH- cxoro cum6noaa, Kax C.B.Bepumrrefisi, npuauaer ee Hepaspeummoit. Buaumo, o6e ranoteabt — n npasspika, 4 cum6Ho3a — ucnbITbIBaloT B AaHHOM caywae onMiakoBble 3aTpyAHeHHA. B noanay runoreser 6aATO-cAansCKOTO Mpansbika CBHAeTEABCTBY- tor Ht HeKoTopbie cakrBt HCTopHH H apxeoxorim. Cassie HcTopHteCKH ROCTOBEPHO AACHHACTEABCTHODAHD! «BHELINME HcTopuKant (‘anpH- ep, Mopaanion, TIpoxonnest Kecapiticxim) Toxo c VI sexa 1 xapax- ‘TepHayloTes HMM Kak «BEAHKHII HapoA>, «mHoroNHcAeHHefittHi HapOA». Camas paniiaa cAaBRcKaR apxeoAorHYeckas KyAbTypa — MpaxkcKo- KoptakoncKoro THNa — oTHOcHTcA K Tomy ake nepHoay V—VIL Bp. Taku o6paaom, a 6axTo-cAansickiit NpasabiK, H GaATO-CAaBAHC- xkutt cHM6HO3 — 970 runloTesbI, HaysHDIe MOAeAH, KaxkAast H3 KOTOpDIX ayumie pa6oraet c oaHoit rpynnioit daKros H xyxe — ¢ apyroii. Jo ‘OkOWaTeADHOTO PeUIeHEA BOTIpOCA O TOM, 4TO Ake GBIAO HcTOpHNECKO PearbHOCTHIO, elle, KaK BHAHO, ONCHD AaAeKO. Tipusunpr apiqerctia caanai 13 GaATO-cAaBAHcKoro eaMHCTBA He~ acu. O6oco6xenue ApOTOCAABAHCKOTO AHaAeKTa npenpatyente ero B npacaasauckuii sax1k MOxHO 6bIAO GbI OBbACHHTp ecrecTBeHHDIM SBOAOUMOHHDIM MIpOUPCCOM, OAHAKO Hao YHECTd TO, TO OGoCOGAcHHE CAABAHCKOTO 3bIKA COMPOBOAMAACCH CAABAHCKUM. AeMOrpacpHYECKHM © Cut: Bepmumetin. C.B. Yas. cov. C. 35. 7 Cu: Tonopos B.H. K pexoucrpyxyuu apesiielero coctonua npacna sancnoro // Caanancnce aataxoanaime. X memayHapoaiiit cheng caabiteros Copns, cenrra6pe 1988 r. Joxrann conercxoi zererauun. M., 1988. C. 276 Tlempyxun B.A. Hauazo atuoxyasrypuoii Meropin Pyen IX—XI nexos. M. 1995. C. 1314. Bappinoat: 3a 3—4 peka cAapAlle SaNLAAH KOAOCCAABHYTO TeppHTOpHIO. — or Baatuiickoro mops nia cenepe 0 Baaxayy Ha rore of measaypexna Bucast 1 Onepa wa sanage x0 Boar a noctoke; ara TeppuTopua Apessimara TeppHTopiio, aatumaeMyto 6axTamn, nowrn 8 200 pas. Taxan 6ypHaa akcnaHcua CAaBsHCTBA BACTABARET MpeAMOAORHT Ka- Koli-70 BHeumtit TOAYOK, KoTopDIi peako, CKa"KOOGPABHO YCKOPHA eC ‘TecrBeHtble SBOAOYHOHBLE sTHHYeCKHi H asbIKOBOH Npoueccer. Ta- KIM TOAUKOM MOrAO GbiTh oGvemuHEHHe npoTocAaBAH (TO ecTD KaKOii- To WacTH GaATO-CAaBAH) © KAKHM-TO HHOPOANDIM 9THOCOM, KoTOPEL, PACTBOPHBINMC B NIPOTOCAABAHAX, NPHAAA STOMY «PacTBOpy» HOBbIE BTHHMECKHE 1 ABbIKORDIe KaXlecTRA, KOTOPDIE H OGYCAOBHAM CTeUHDUKY caapaticrna’ — ero 6ypunilt nemorpapuyeckuit pocr, atteprirantyto reo- Tpacbieckylo SKCHIaHCHIO, COBCTREHHO CAABAHCKOe BIECTBO, IpacAa- RSHCKHi aapIK. Dro, KOHeHO, He SHAYIT, HTO CAABAHE NOPBAAH BCE CBABH co cBonM muAoeBporteficKHM H GaATO-CAABSIHCKHM TIpOUIABIM; 9TO 3Ha- SUT AMUIb TO, 4TO UHACEBpOTeFicKOe H GaATO-CAABAHCKOE MpOULACE Mperepnieao cyiwectacHHyto Metamopposy, MpHo6pero coBCTBEHHO CAa- BRHCKOE KaYECTBO; POAMRILICECA CAABAHCTBO NIpHAAAO POAHTEABCKOMY Hacaeqmio Honbiii BHA, pasBH BMECTe C TeM MHOTO HeGBIBAABIX, OpHTH- Haxpupm yepr. Bee smecte ato coajaro TY cRoeo6pasHyio nouBy, Ha KOTOPYIO BIIOCAEACTBHM ACTAO XPUCTHAHCTBO H Ha KOTOPOI B3poCAa camoGprrian npanocAabiian KYABTYpa. Bpea BosHHKHonenust Tex sAbIKOBHIX sIBAeHIHi, KOTOPEIE B COBO- KynniocTa GyayT xapaxtepusopatp npoTocAanaHcKiit AMAACKT, Han B rowtocra He HapectHo, Ho B oTHomiennH npacaapaHcKorO sabiKa Has kaskeTea ecrecTBeHHbIM NpeAOAOaKHTD, HTO OCHOBHBe 3aKOHE, GAATO- ‘aps KOTOpbIM NPOTOCAABAHICKHI AHAAEKT MpeHPATHACA B TIpACAaBAH- cuit aabix (saKOH BocKoAMel SBYHOCTH H 3aKOH BHYTPHCAOTOBOTO cusrapMonnaMa), Haan aelicTBonaT» BMeCTE C MPONHMH STHOKYADTYP- pin npoueccamn, 70 ects ¢ V—VI nexa nto P. X. Taxona «tix- HAA» xpoHOAOrueckas FpaHHya MpACAaBsHICKOTO sabIKA. ‘Abs onpene rens «sepxnel» xpovonoriseckoi narnust HyzsHo npH- HaTb Bo BHUMAHHe CAcAyIONIee OGCTORTEABCTBO: MPACAABSIICKIE SbIK HE Gbin MOHOAHTHIM, HepactNeHeHHbIM Ha aMaAeKTbI stabiKoM. Eyyaicrso 87oro [R3piKa COCTORAO B TOM, “FONPOUeCCH!, NRPOHEXOALUNE BATON sTanKe, GhtAst ‘OBIYUMH ZAR BCEX CAABAH, TOrA KaK PesyAbmamb! STUX MPOYeCCOB MOTAH Gprrp H GbLAH pasHDIMH AA pasHbIX Tpymn CAaBAH; BTO sHaMHTT, “TO TIpac- AABAHCKHI ABDI. HaHAYAABHO ObIA AMAAeKTHO AMCpEpeHMpOBAMIIM.Orciona cxeayer, fro 2a MoMeT pacrianent MpacAaBAHcKorO sibika Ha OTREADHDIC CAABANCKHE HBDIKH «MORHO NPMUATD MOMEHT MOCAC A Hero HaMeHeHHA, O6Mero BCeM AMAAeKTAaM Aan Horo aantK a. To ormomenmo k npacnansHickoMy ABbIKY TAKHM 1oC- ‘AenHi HsMenienem, cBojicrBeHtibiM BCeM AHAAEKTAM STOTO ABbIKA HBAI- eres Tak HasbIBAeMOe «TlanenHe cAaBbIx Epos». <*> Y rombIX CABAL caa6bte ® H » HCHeAAH OH paHo, Bo BcAKOM caytae yaxe B XI n. (Mec ‘Tana, Momer Gor, aazke BX p.), a OT toxkHbOK CAaRAH NCveaHoBeHHe CASE Wb TlepemaAOch APYTHM CAABsIaM, TIpHYeM HaHGoAee OTMAACHHDIX Yac- reli caanatickofi Teppreropimt (saripusep, PYCCKOrO cenepa) 9TO BACHE avcraro voxDKo ® XII] sexy", Tarim opazent, npacaansricns 2pm npocytectsonaa oxoxo wecrucor vet, ¢ WI no XII per’, Paccmotpentietii sBoatoyHonHbtit MpOUecc MOMHO npeacTaBHTb B une caeayloilelt cxembi: Ao 3—2 ruc, | Huaoesponeticxidt nparavix ‘no PX. | 8 covoxymocts cnorx avarextos Dee rae. Tpotocsasmiciat sinanext 20 P.X.— | cocrase 6anro-caanstcKoro Vis. no P. X. npassoixa Vi. —Xilp| Tosesanmerat aso Crapocaanaucratt "2 copOKywocra awreparypii nix co0HK aHaneRTOB (cIXa) Boineneme nocrowo-, ‘Doproiponarme XII—XIV 88.1 joasuo- 4 sanannocrananennx | naypowarbimx apon08 sakoo cerapocaansicxoro sbika * Tpybeuxoit H.C. Hcropns. Kyasrypa. Flatux. M., 1995. C. 164—165. * Cropouninsn Gaxto-cxasmicKoro citMEHoaa AaIOT MYO TepHOAHSALBHO TpaC- Aasmcxoro sespixa. «Hrormeli» rpasmyeli crraerca npems pacnaneis unaoesponel- coro npanatixa, To ecr» py6ent I—I nexa x0 P. X.; «wepxsteli» ace spare cus “TaeTes mpeMa TlomBACHIM suaSHFreADHDIK ANANeNTIBIX pAsAsTe, TO ecrb ETOpAs NloAD- sia I rereswenerist no P. X., npu6aazreanio VII nex. Taxis o6pasom, npesn cy- mecteosanox npacaanmicKoro sabiKa — Gonce 2,5 retest aet. Taxol orposenoi npo- MemyTOK BpeMelM BEIV;KAACT BbINEATTS TepHOD! H MOAMepHOAD BHCTOPHH Tipacna- smickoro natura; Tax, C.B,Bepmurrelit souaeater nepion patitero npacaansicxoro — 40 Havana accra saxon oreporToro cAdBa W NepHOA NOAAHETO NpacsanslteKoro (eat: Bepnumetin C.B. Yeas. cox. C. 47—52). Bro Goree wan mene a wae ‘memy aeAeto Ha npOTOCABBANCKIT sAAERT GAATO-CAABAHCKOTO NpasABIKa H Nae 10 His sroit cxenm mii, “70 crapockasmickidt sabi Gow coanatt 8 anOXy oaAHeTO NpACAABAINCKOTO eAWHICTBA, HB STOM ABKNONBETE ETO HEKMOITEAD- tat yermoct Ja cxaBsTICKOrO HcTOpIRNecKOrO apIKostian CrapocnaRACIst JSbIK OTPAKACT B COGe TPACKABAIICKHE NPOUECCH!, OGIIHE AAA BOCK CAABAH; Of- ako OH onpankacr STH Tipoyeccor B TeX pesyAMTaTAK, KOTOPbIE, AeMicTIRTEALHO, Gout xapatepemt 1s lorksiocaansEIcIanK TonNpoB, OTHOCHTEABHAR TOAIECTBEH- HOCTD CTApOCNABAINCKOTO NPACAARENCKOMY EAGET ETO HEKACHIMTENSHO BAMGIEIM CTONEEIKOM HJ SYN HCTODUN PYCCKOTO ABBAKA. Crapocaananicknii nabik MeeT He TOABKO AHHTBHCTHYECKYIO, HOH KyAbrypHo-ueTopiveckyto yenmocTs. Byaysit aspikom Gorocayaentin 1 [AYKOBHOHi KYADTYpbI BCEX CABBAH, OH OKASIA CHABHOE BAILAHHE Ha Op- Mupoparive pyccKOro AKTepaTypHOro sabiKa, HBy'eIHeM KOTOPOTO saHH- acter oco6aa Hayian H yue6HaN AHCUHMAKHA — HICTOpHR pyccKOrO aurreparypHoro s3btKa. § 3. Mponcxox,senne crapocaasancKoii IIMChMeHHOCTH Tlooucxosknente cAapanickoit mHcbMenHOCTH H CrapocaapaHicKoro sbIka CBABAHO C MUCCHOHepCKO! H MpocBeTHTeADCKOIt AeATeABHOCTBIO can. 6parbes Kupuana a Mespoass. B xonye 862 r. x Busasrrulicxomy mereparopy Muxantay ipu6sino nocoascrso 13 Mopasun or xan Pocrucaasa. Tocast nepenaan npoc6y npucaat » Mopanio muccHonepos, KoTopbie MorAH 6nt Be- TH GorocayaietHe Ha POAHOM AAR MOPABOB CAABAHCKOM mabIKe BMECTO uyasaoit AaTbIN — saDIKa PHMCKO-KaTOAMYeCKOTO GorocayaKeHH, ompasassuteroca nemeuxim ayxoneictsom. B IX p. ete He npowson1Ao ‘opuluarbtoro pasppina meaxay Boctoxnio-TTpapocaastioit 1 pricko- kaToanueckoii Llepxaamn, oAHako OTHOMeHHA MexKAy HMI GEIAK Yoke natanyroim, B irrepecyioyem Hac ponpoce 0 muccHoHepcKoit Zen- reabilocTa sanaavian u ocrostias Llepxsx npuaepxuBaalich yr AH He NpOTHBOTIOAORRHBIX NpHAyHTOB. PumcKo-KaToamieckan LepKoBb, onuipasich Ha HEMeUIKHX ¢eomano, paCTIpocTpalinAa XpHCTHAHCTBO oF new 1 mevom. FIpx atom noganasnocb pasBuTHe HayHortaAbHBIX KYAb- ‘Typ, AwreparypHbix aapikon H nmceMenHocTH. ToAbKo TpH AabIKa — eopeticrni, rpeveckuii w AaTuncKiit — cauTaanch ssbikamit caKparb- HpImH, aoctoiibimH BbipaauTh Cx. Tlucanue; 8 oGocronanue sroro YkaabIBaAOch Ha TO, #70 HAAMHC Ha KpecTe, Ha KOTOPOM 6DIA pacnstT Winreye Xpucroc, Gouna vaveprania Ha aTHx Tpex aspikax. Busarrris we CTPeMHAACH He CTOADKO 3ABOeBATD H TIOKOPHTD COCEMHHE HAPOAD!, CKOAB~ KO BOBAeYD HX B CBOi peaurHosHbii Hm KYABTYpHDIH MUP, CAeAaTD HX ToarTHyeckiMit coiosHHkami. Busarrruiicke uMmeparopet He mpenst- ‘CTHOBAAH MHPHOMY pacceAeHMtO CAARAHT Ha TeppHTOPHM HMMepHIL, BKAKO- WaAH CAABAHCKHX BOHHOB B CBOE BOHCKO, AOMYCKAAH CAaBAHCKYIO 3HaTD K ynpanaentmto rocyaapcreom. Busarriiickoe ayXopenicrbo Hie BaHMANO OGaaaTeAbtol AeCATHHDI H CyINeCTBOBAAO Ha AO6POXOTHDIe No*epTBO- anita. Bocroso-Tpanocaastaa LJepkons ne Toabko He niperiareTboea- Aa, Ho AarKe cnocoGcTBOBaAA CosAaHHIO Y BHOBb OGpalyeHHbIx B xpit- eTHacTBO HaporoD cBOefi MHCEMeHHOCTH, TlepeBOAY Ha MeCTHDIE A3bI- ki GorocaymeGHBIX KHHE H OTTIPABACHHIO CAY:G Ha POAHDIX #3bIKAX. Buaumo, 370 H MOcAyaKHAO TipHMHOH MOCOABCTRA MOpARCKOTO KAAEA umento 8 Busanrito. iuneparop Muxaua u narpuapx Dornii ¢ panocrsio mpunaan npocn6y Poctucaasa 4 Hanpasuan 8 Mopasyio cpoumn muccHoHepa- Mit yxerioro Maxezouanuna Koxcrasriia Daxocopa 1 para ero Me- goaua. BoiGop atux Gparbes Gbia He cayvaer: KoncranTun uMea yoke MuccHonepcKHii onbtr, 6btA GAeCTRIBHM TOAeMHCTOM H AHTIAOMATOM; 06a 6para nipontcxonuant ua r. Coaynnt (conp. Deccaroumnn), rae 6b1A0 CMeMIaHHOe TpeKO-CAaBAHCKOe HACeAeHHe, NOBTOMy OHH xOpoIIO BAa- ean o60oHmuH aapikamu. Koxcrasrun poauaca 8 826 r., Medoanit — B 820 14 ux orey, sHaHmo, bia Goarapun, a mars, — rpewatiKa. Yaxe ¢ aercrsa Koncraran mipeppie Bcero Bo3AI06HA MyApocTb! COTAACHO. ero ASHTHIO, eINe MAABYHKOM OH BHAA CoH: «Oren co6paa ECeX AeBY- mex CoayH M npwkazaa H36paTb ogHy M3 HUX B xKeHbI. OcmoTpes ux, a BuiGpan npekpactelturyio; ec spat Cogn. B 14 ser cnoco6upiii tonomra GbiA BbIaBaH B CTOAMUY KO ABOpy ManoaeTHero ummeparopa Muxaitaa. Drtaocopito Koxcrasrany npe- noapan auamermmetii Doriii, snocaeacraum narpHapx, 110 yMy H 06- pasosanHocTH npesocxoauBUmMii enpa AM He BEX coBpemeHHHKoB. B Koporkoe spent Koncraira Hay4HA rpaMMaTHKY, AHaAeKTHKY, pHTO- puky, apucmeraky, reometpio, actporiomito, myabiy. Caazy none mucra Koncranrany npuiecaa no6ema B cnopax c HKoHo6opuamu. C sroro npemen Mirxana 1 Doruit naunnaror nocsaans Koxcrarruna ¢ MuccHonepckumu ueasme. B 50-x roaax Konctarrun Gpia B Boara- pun Ha p. Bperaabnuue, rae o6paraa 8 xpHcTHaHicTBO MHOTHX 6oATap (BosMoxsHo, yake B ATO BPeMa OH Ha¥aA pa6oTaTb Had CAABAHCKOIT 12 aa6yxoil). Saves on ener 8 Cuipito, rae oneprkusaer noGeny 8 60- TOCAOBCKHX cnlopax ¢ capayyHcKHMH yuenbIMH. [Tocae BosBpalLeHHs OH InpOROAMT HeCKOADKO AeT B YeaMHIeHM B MoHAcTBIpe Ha rope Oxmrt, rae MoviaiiecrBopaa ero 6par Meoauii. Ha py6exe 60-x roaos Koricratrm npeaniprnmmaer rperne Mic- cuonepcKoe nyrewectone B msosba Boar, rae eye 8 VII 8. o6pa- sosaroct cHabtoe xasapcKoe rocyaapcrso. B VIII », xasapbi cmenitant sspriectao nia nyaelicrao, Busairris Yacto HCTOABSOBAAa KaBap KaK CO- 1OaHHKOB B BoiiHax ¢ apaGaMH, apMsIHaMH H CAaBSIHaMH H M1OTOMY XO- ‘rea noasmnurre wx peantrHostiomy sananito. To nyt x xasapam Kout- erarmm ocrarrapanmaeten 0 r. Xepconece s Kpnimy, rae nonoanser anus eBpelicKoro aabika; amecb on obperaet Mow cB. Kanmenta, enmcxona pumcKoro, cocaaitworo cioaa mriepaTopon TpasHoM Ha py- Gexe I—I sexos # yronacttioro no ero npurasy 8 UepHom mope. B Xepconece we Koncranrun, no caugereancray «I Tarmiotickoro airrHa>, o6uapyaaa Enanreana wt Tlcaxtbips, Hanvicaimpie «pychckumit much Mettbt»; K COMAACIIMIO, Hayke HUTVeTO He HSBECTHO AOCTOBEPHOTO 0 TOM, vem 61a B aelicrsHTeabHocTH ata as6yxa. B crapke xasapcKoro Ka- rana Koncrarrrin omepxaa rionyio noGeay 1a uynelickumit # MYCYAb- Manicxent GorocaonastH 1 BepHyact 8 Busartito. Bekope ake ciona npn6bia nocabt 3 Mopasun. O aerexinx 1 ononecxnx roaax Mesoav ineiero ne uspectHo. Ox panto BeTynHA B Boennyio caym6y, oKoAO 10 AeT TIpOBEA B HOARRHOCTH ympapirreat oaHo% caanniio-GoarapcKofi o6xactu. SareM olf YABAHACH B MoHaCTHIpb, PAE BEA TOABIDKHINECKYIO 2KHBHD, «ycepAHO TIpHACAA x xiurast>. Tlocae aamioro emy nopyzenua ormpasirroca 8 Mopasito Koxcras- ‘run paapaGoTar CAaBAHCKyIO as6yKy H Tlepenea Ha CAaBAHCKHiL ABbIK ocHosHbie Gorocayase6ubie KHHTH. ‘Nerom 863 r. Koncrantun « Medoauit npx6nian 8 croanuy Mopasunt r. Beaerpaa. Kunab Pocriicaas acrperia Hx ¢ paxocTbIo Ht noxerom. Koucrantun » Meqoanit 1a Gorocayasenmax strana Exan- TeAHe T1O-CAaBAHICKH, H HapOA C PaAOCTHIM H3yMACHHEM BHHMAA 6o- 2keCTBEHHOM HCTHHE, aByYaBIel Ha Hx poaHoM sabike, KoncrasrHy H Mempoauit wa6pann 1 ycepaHo O6y'4aAH YYeHHKOB CAaBAHCKoil as6yKe, GorocayaseHmio, MepeBOAHAH C TpeveCKOrO NpHBeAeHHbIe KHHTH. Xpampi, rae GorocayreHHe BEAOCH Ha AATHIICKOM ABDIKE, CTAAH nycteTs, HEMeUIKO-KaTOAHMeCKOe AYXOBEHCTHO TepAAO BAUAHHE 1 10- 13xonbt. B 864 r, Atozosux Hemeyxuit 8 corose c Goarapamit ocaaHa Beaerpan. Kraay Poctucaas sbnyacaer Geta ripiatiaTb ce6a BaccaroMt Aononnxa. Dro ycuAHAo osHUMH HeMeYKOTO AYXOBEHCTBA, OHO CTAAO “HHH Mipensatcraua ZemteabHocTH Koncrantuna 4 Meoana, B ac- ‘THOCTH, OTKASbIBAA B PYKOTIOAOIKEHMH HX yeHHKaM; camIeHHAK Kon- crantun u movax Meqoanit camu cneaaTb 3T0ro, eCTeCTBeHHO, He MOrAH. Tlockoapky Mopapus naxoanaacn 8 opucauKuna PumcKoli Kacpeapei, to Koncranran « Mepoauit ornpasnanch Hickars Sauer x cBoeMy HenocpenCTBCHHOMY CBAIeHHOHAYaAHO. B Prawe Koncrairum nepensa moyg cx. Kaoserrra nane Aapuarty I, Ueroner caa6pili u Hepenmeabubiii, mana AgpuaH paccunrbipaa yK- penis cpofi aproprrrer npHo6perenmem molelt neppocasyentina Pua, TOBTOMy OH ¢ GOADIIIAM Mo¥eTOM BCTPETHA GpaTbeB, PHA TOA CBOIO _Ball|MTy GorocayakeHHe Ha CAABAHCKOM sabIKe, PaCrlopRAHACH NOAOAHTS CAaBsHICKHe KIMI 8 OAHOM Ha PHMCKHX XPaMOB H COBEpLIIFTD Had, HHMI Gorocaymenne. Tana pykonoaomua Meoaua 8 camuerit, a ero yaeuHKos — B npecsHTeppt H avaKount. Ox cocrasHa nocAaHue Kis- aoau Poctucaany x Koyeay, 8 koTopom mican: «ECan ace iro 43 yan ‘reneli BaNIMX AepaHOBeHHO HayHeT COGAASHATD Bac, MopHlsad KHHTH Ha aabike battiem, a Gynet oTAy'eHt, NloKa He Henpapurea, Taxite AION CYT» BOAKH, a He OBUB...». B Pume Koxcrairun, He oraMvapumiica cuanveckum afoposbem, cxonanca 14 qeapans 869 r., npHHaB nepea cMepTbIO CXHMY ¢ HMe~ nem Kupuaa. To pacnopsmerito nantt Aapnatia Kupuaa 681a norpe- Gex = Pume, B xpame ca. Kaumenta. Tlocae cmepta Kupuaa nana Aapuan pykonoaoxua Mepoana can apxnenucxona Mopasun 1 Flaavonun. Beprypumcs » Mopa- sitio, Mesoauit passeprya KHMy'yto AesTeAbHOCTE mo pacmipocrpaite- Mio CAaBaHCKOrO Gorocay#eHHa H mHcbMeHHOcTH. Kunsp PoctHcaas, onpasumiuch oT nopaméis, paoppaa coraamenue c AiOAOBHKOM Hemeuxum #8 tom axe 869 r. HaHtec emy Kpyntice nopancente. Io BBIaBAAO APOCTH HEMEUKHX (peowaAos H HeMeUKoro ayxosencTea. A‘o- AOBHK M HeMeUKHit apxHenHcKON BCTyNaIoT B TaiixfBtii croBOp C TIAE- MsnHHKOM KHiaaa PocTacaasa CasTonoaKoM, KoTOpbili BepoAOMHO 2ax- arstnaer Pocritasa # BbtaaeT ero HeMuaM. PocTHCAABy BbIKAAbIBAIOT TAaga H 3aKNOYAIOT B TEMHHUY B OAHOM 3 GaBapCKHX MoHacTbipeli, rae on scKope ymupaer. Ho mpenateascTso HuYero He NpUHECA Casronoaky: Mopasus 6piaa npycoeanHena k BAaneHHam /\i0AOBHKa; 4 Craronoaky AOCTaAOch MAACHDKOE KIMZKECTBO, OAHAKO H OHO BCKOpE Gino y Hero oToGpano, a caM OH 3aKMOeH B TeMHHLLY. Tlocae atoro y Meoaua He octaagch cHAbHoii noauTayeckoit noanepaxn. Hemeuxie practi sckope apecrosaan Mesoana ycr- pouan nan num cya. Ha cyae Megoanit aepxcarca ¢ 2OcToHNCTBOM, ‘Taepao orctanpan npapory cBoero aeaa. He waliaa nipenaora ana ocyat- nenWa, BAACTH TeM He MeHee saTouaoT Medoaua 8 Monactuips. Co- AepmaAH TO TAM, KOHEYHO, He B cbipoit TeMHNMe, KaK NMLYT HeKOTO- pble HccAeqonaTeAH, a BIOAHE NpHCTOMiNO, B COOTRETCTRUH C ero BEI- COKHM caHiom apxHenuckora. JJo cHx nop coxpaHAach MoHACTBIPCKaA TOMHHaAbHas KiHHTa, 8 KOTOpO# Hapaay c HMettaMH npovell 6paTHH ecrb i umena Kupuaaa « Mepoans. Tlo-suaumouy, 8 moriacriipe Mespo- Mio OBIAH TIpeAOCTABAeHBI BOSMOAHOCTU AAA TIpoAOAARKeHHA yueHoit pa6orbi; Hae TpYAHO OGBACHHTD TOT dak, TO To BbIXOAE Hepes ABA ¢ noaosutioli rona Ha wea6cKoro Monactsips Medoauit overs 6picTp0 nepesoauT nora ace, GuOAelicKHe KHuTH (Kpome Makkaseficxux). B 870 r.p Mopanun cmpxnyao Haponiioe soccrane, KoTOpEIM pykonoaua camyeniin Caanomup. Ox waxec nopamkenwe HeMuant it saan Beaerpaa, Hemupt ecrominan o CaaTonoake HasHatHan ero HaMaAbHHKOM BOHICK, ACHCTBOBABINHX NIPOTHB MOBCTAHILeB, OAHAKO TOT, yavap, To Takoe HeMeliKas «GAaromapHocTb», MepeuleA Ha cTopoHy ToscTatiyes # O6paTHA cBoe opyxue npoTHB Hemues. B cotoze c yexa- Mit u cep6annt off Havec NemuaM coxpytmrreatioe nopankerue; 8 874 r, Hemupt MpHanaan Heaasucumocrs Mopannu. Monacroipexoe saxnouenve Merpoaua Tyarexbio ckppisanoch oF puntcxoro nam, Av or 6poanero mowaxa Nasaps nara Moar VIL yataa 06 apecre Meqoana. Moann VIII ne cowyscrsonan caanntickomy GorocaymeHi, HOB CYAe eNHCKOTIOS Ha MaNICKHM apxHenHcKONIOM OH YBMAeA BbI308 aBTopHTeTy nancKoro npectara. Meoauii Opi ocBoborK eH TaNCKHM AeraTOM, HO CAABAHCKOE GorocayseHHe GbIAO sanpelyeHo. Onnaxo Megoanti, ponpexit sanpery nant, npoaoxKaer eno cAaBAt- cxoro npoceeijienus. Toraa Castonoak, #eaosex HeyMubili u «pa6 aseH- ckux ynosoancrenii>, numer B Pum aoxoc Ha Mepoans, o6aunas ero b epect, Hapymenmnt KatoHos, ocayniann nancxofi soar. Tana Moan sorabmaet Meoais a ero raasioro nporuseaxa Buxunra avn oGpac- nenuii p Pum. Mepoamo yaaerca cxaurste any Ha cBor cTopory, Vioanu paspemaer cAansiickoe Gorocayacenve H onpaBabisaeT camoro Megoans, oanaxo 8 To ase spema pyxonoaaraet Buscuira 8 entickonbt. 15Aoskuit werpuran, Buxinr cocranate noaromhoe nHcbMo oT nanbt Vanna Casronoaxy, 8 KoTopom cAaBAHCKoe GorocayakeHHe sanpera- eres, a on, Buxusir, Hasavaeres rAasoli Mopasckoii enapxis. Casrro- TOAK NipHsHaeT 9TO MHCbMO NOAAHHEDIM, a TIOAAHHHOe TIHCbMO, KOTO- poe npupes Megoanii, — noaaonmim. O6susieniomy 8 nioaxore Me- ‘pommo yrpoxsano warnane, nosToMy oH criettio HocetAaeT Tonya B PrN. Ha napoatom co6panuu spar Mecoaua yare Topasectponaan noGeay, 4 Hapom TIeHaAHACH H CKOPGEA, AMIMIASCD TaKOTO TlacTbipa H YUHTEAS, Kora NpHULAO onpaBaaTeABHoe TocaaHHe nant MoanHa, coxpaHusmieect fo wax axelt. Yromaennpaii, nozopsapumii szoposbe Meoaniit na pw roma yesrka- evs Busarmuo. B 884 roy on posppaigaetca » Mopasitio, sakaranpa- eT nepeson, Hexoropbx Gu6aelicxux xuur. B 885 r. Meconuii caer 8 TlOcTeAb, HasHa4Hs CBOHM nipeemHukom Topasna. B Bep6vioe socxpece- ime Mecporutit nonpocta onecTH ero 8 xpam, re OH O6paTHAcs c TIpoTto- BeMIbIO K MOpaBCKOMY HapOAY, NpeAyNpeR‘Asl CTO O CKOPEIX HCTIDITAHHAX. B tor ae net 19 anpean 885 r. Mecpoauit cxonsancs. Tlocae emepra Meqoana Ceronoak, pasttoayumtit x zea Beppt 1 HayHOHAABHOM KYABTYpDI, OTAAA BeAeHHe AyxOBHEIX zea Buraniry. Tlocaeactsns sToro OpiaK yakacubt: unbix yuenitxos Merpoans My4Hait GecHeAOBeIHO, HHDIX BAANHAH 10 TEPHOBHHKY, MIpecBHTepoB H AMAKO- oR MOMOAOHKe TIPOAABAAH B PAGCTBO, PACKHIAAH UMYIYECTBO, ATA caanmuckne Kuura. Bawsaiiumax ysexuxos Meqoaua Topasaa, Kan- eura, Hayma, Anreaaapua a Aaspenris, saTouHBm B 2eAe20, Aepann & TeMHHYe, a 3aTem HarHaan H9 crpaxbl. B 905 r. nemey- Ko-maabapcrue soficka sapoesaan Mopasio. Tpoe na narnannex yrenmxos Mepoaua — Kanmerr, Haym 1 ‘Aurexsapait — noceananct 8 Boarapau. Tipapocaasipiit kuisp Bo- pnc-Muxana oxasaa pcemepuyio noamepaxy ytertnxan Mepoaua. pk uape Cumeone (893—927) Boarapua aocturaa HanGoabutero moAH- ‘Turteckoro Moryiyectsa 1 xyAbTypHOTO pacupeTa. Leas naesaa meine rouuxea aesrreaeii xpitcrnaricKoro npocseiyertia — Hloasn exsapx Boa- rapexuii, sepopasen Xpa6p, Kanmerr Oxouacxnit, Haym Oxpnac- xatit, Koucrarman FIpecaascentit, Ppuropuit Miswx — niponoassann exo Kupnasa 1 Mecoana: nepenoanan, coctanasin COopHHKH, THCaAH caMH, ob yuan. Llpu npeemunxe Cumeona Ilerpe (927—969) ara zesteabnocTh satyxaer. C XI sexa werrp caanatickoit nicbMeHHocTH H KYABTYpEI nepememaeres Bp Kuepcxyto Pycn. 16 § 4. CaannucKxne as6yxn CrapocaapavickHe TaMSTHHKH TIMCbMeHHOCTH Hamlucalbt OAHOH 13 apyx asGyk — Kupnaanueli wan raaroanitel. Oasaxo ace at namat- HHH OTHOCHTCA K X—XI sexam. Cample parine samicn, o6HapyxeH- ble Ha paabaxmiax xpama yapa Cumeonia, Aatupyrorca Koruom LX weka; oana ws sTHx aarucelt caeaana KUpHAAHMell, Apyran — raaroanueit. Hus oatiom ua HcToHHHKOB He Cka3aHO, KaKyIO HMeHHO aa6yKy 1206- pea Kupwaa, Ho nurge He ckasalio H TOM, ¥TO oH H306peA Be aBbyKH. ManowncaeiocTs 0cTOBepHbIX HCTOpHYECKHX cBegeHHit opoxaaeT pain Bonpocos: 1. Cymecrsyer an cnasb Mexxay aa6ykamn? 2. Kaxyto ua aa6yk cosaaa Kupuaar? 3. Kak # Kora nonsitaacb sropan aa6yKa? 4, Cymecrnonaaa Au nicpmentiocts y caanaH 40 Kupuaa? Ba Goree sem 200-aeTHHii nepHoA PASBHTHA CAABHCTHKH BOSHAK- 20 4 KoHUeNym, oTmevaloIIyx Ha STH BoMpOCET. 4.1. Pan yuenpix curraer, ro y caapaH GpiAa mucbMeHHocTS 40 Kupwana; aoxnpiaropckum micpMom 6buaa raaroaniza, KuipHaa ase coagaa kupnarnuy (B.MTpuroposws, I1.A.Uepierx). 1. 2. AIpyrue yienpie, Ha0G0por, CHHTAIOT, TO AOKMPHAAOBCKHM THCb- MoM ObIAO MHCbMO, COaAaHHOE Ha OcHOBe TpeecKoro aNpaBHTa H MOAYHHEMIce BNOCAEACTBHHE HasBAHHe KHPHAAMUDY; CaM Ke Kupuaa coanaa raaronnuy (E-Teoprnes, E.3.Tpanctpem). 2.4. Tperon yueute orpauator aAttute TIHcbMenHOCTH Y CAABAH 0 Kupuara; Kupu.a cosa raaroauy, a KHpHAAMILY coamaA xro-ro 13 yuenmos Meqoaua — Kanner Oxpnackuit (V.B.Strie, B.H Lemons, A.M.Cexmmpes) wax Koricrarrint Boarapcuuit (I'A.Hanucxst) 2. 2, Haxouey, Yersepran rpynna yuenbix rakoke oTpHUaeT Hae mucemennocTa 20 Kupuara; Knpaan coaman KHpHANHLY, a TAArOAHUY H3OGpeAH loaAHee B KaXlecTBe CAaBAHCKOi TafittO- Inve, Koraa cAaBmNCKas MHICEMENIOCTS OABEprAAACH TOHeHHO co cropousi KaToanueckoro ayxosenctaa (H.dlo6poncui, VV. Cpesnescuait, A.H.Coboxescnii, E.. Kaper). utesB camom navane cKasanun «O nucomenax» Uepuopusey Xpa6p coo6iyaer, sro 20 Kupiana y caanstt He GbIAO KBHHT®, 7. €. nucEMeH- ocru. Ho xoraa caasaste Gnua ene MOrAnH Covi, OHH YPATAMIH H PRIA UH curraan 1 ragans. Tlo npismun xpucTHaticTaa ot yrorpeGARAK Tpeveckwe WAH AaTHTICKHe 6YKBDL, HORETR OYETPONIIA, TAX Ka HH Tpe- Meckuit, HH AaTHHcKHi anqasiTDt He NipHroANDL ANN Tepenatn MHOTHX SBYKOB CAaBAHCKOH peuu: [ac ww 4 u te q ]. TOrAA YeAOBBKOAWERYE Sora nocaan cassia Koncrannma Dinocopa, Koropbtit w CwTROPH aus Hx as6yxy. Takum o6pasom, 20 Kupwara y canal icbenHoc- ‘Ht KaK TaKoBoit He Obixo. Uro ake KacaeTen KIRIN, HanlcaHHIK foychs KRIMH MUCKMEHEL, © vem coobuaeres & 8 raase Mirra Kupuana, 70 TO HA HcKazKeHHoe NOCACAYIOINYMH MepenHCHHRKAMH Haswatite KaKO- 0-70 apyroro nuicba (nto mHewno onux, rorcKoro — T_A.Hape- cuit, TLA.Aanpos; no ‘Mneniio apyrux, cupuiicxoro — A.Bafiar, P.Flxo6cou), naw nosaHefiuias scranka 8 Texcr 7Kunus, He sacayacn- Baloas Aonepi. Kaxyto ase aa6yxy wa06pea Kupuan? TTpersae acero ormerim akr, NpHatranaenbli BceMH YACHBIMM: KYPHANINECKaR as6yKa mBeTEA ucTO- puxeckoii, coaaammoit wa ocnose apyroro nucpMa, Tak coamapanvice ToT Boe anpasiTDt: urikuficKuli — Ha ocHoBe ApentteerHnencKoro, Apestie- enpelicxssi u rpevecknfi — na octose qunmkrickoro, AanHucKHii — Ha cocuose rpeveckoro. 1 xnpravamya Bostincra HCTOPHYeCkHt Ha OcHOBe Tpe- ‘eckoro anpasira, ro ae KacaeTCA PAarOAHLNpl, TO He MOAAeaKIT COMHHE- HMO ee HcKyccTBeHHD Xapakrep, 7. K. Havepratinn GykB rAarOAMUpI He MOXOART Ha HABECTHDIE ANABHTDI TOTO BpeMeHH. Dror (pakT smMBARETCA ca- MbiM CHAbIIM aprywetTToM 8 ToxBay npiopirrera upHAMiyer. B camom exe, Kupwar npexpacto uaa v AO64A rpeveckuil ssbiK, GIA MuccHOHe- post Bocrostio-ITpaocaasnoit Llepxst, 8 ero sanay BxoAHLAO BoBAeHe- He caaBsH B op6uTy rpeveckoit Llepxsx. Sayem ake emy 6b1A0 coaqasaTb THCbMO, OTAAAMOIee CAaBAH OT TpeKOB, BarpyzHALOIee BocnpuntHe TTH- cain Tes, KT0 aan rpevecntit api? Ha uckycersennocts raaroamuyet ykasbioaer, Hanpumep, To, 70 nepsas 6yKsa as® uMeeT (bopmy Kpecra: +b, #TO AOAXKHO OaHaaTD Kak 6n1 Gaarocaoperue aa6yxe H ee satyuTy KpecTHOIO cHAcIO. ByxBbt, 03- Hawalolgue B TAarOAMUE I H ¢, OKaSQAHCb CHMMETPHYHEIMH 110 PHCYHKY; 970 BEIBRAHO, RepORTHO, TeM, «TO STH GyKRBI HeTIOABSOBAAHCH AAR CO- Kpauennoii samucu caona Jucyce: i = 88. Taxan cummerpuinoct | é WC He HapecTHa HH o”HOMY aNpaBHTy. 18 B ro ase spema npocaensunaeren saBicHMOCTb TAarONMIDbI OT KH punamup, a He naoGopor. (Ecan yraepisaar> oGpamioe BAKAHHE, TO CTaHOBHTCA HeMOHATHOM 3aBHCHMOCTH KHPHAAHUDI OT TpeHecKOro aAha~ sira). Hanpumep: Exp. wun | Kupur.wa | Maar. wa Cpeau oxpyravix # netaeoGpaanbix 6yKs rAaroamupt 6ykBa Wa BBIREARETCA CHOC NPAMOYTOABHOCTBIO H TIOAHOHt BaBHICUMOCTDIO OT Kit- puasnieckolt 6yxpb Kupna.wma | Paar. wma yest v B saipmanye 6yxsa wma apaseres strarypoii, 70 ecrs coeammernieN apyx Gyxe B onHy: = + T. 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AMUB, a HexoTOpDIe — oT AaTHHHDT Tre | Kenn, Der ar Ta A A & v v E € 3 ra % A a & e £ P 5 b b T T 0 e 8 * O6paruoit sanucumoctH 6prrh He MOFAO, T. K. CAHLIKOM siCeH HCTOH- HUK KUPHAAHYECKHX GyKB — rpeveckii aapasitr. Ecan noapectit urors, 70 oKasxeres, ro 43 40 6yke raaroAuybt 25 orto oGpscHiT® rlonpaxsaHHem COOTBETCTEYIOILHM BYKBM KHPHA- armupt, 6 — ctnauaayneii aatuicxux 6yxe, 3 — cHMBOAWIecKHM No- crpoenmem (a3%, wxe, cao), 4 — spastores camoctomTeAbHDIMH orierieckumm anraTypamnt (rocot H epet), 2 — canocrosteabsmte rpapinieckne kouniosuunn (3 — @, H — -P). Takum o6pasom, raa- TOAHIa — 8TO MPOAYKT HCKYCCTBHHOTO TBOPHECTRA C HCIIOABSOBAHH- eM B KavecTHe OCHOBbI pale CosqaHHOit KHPHAAHII. Ecau ao ca. Kupuaaa caanane yrorpe6asan rpeveciite 6YKBD EZ eyeTpoennia, To Kupuar unenio yerpoua cAaBsHicKyi0 as6yKy: OH CO- XpaHHA ynorpeGaetive rpeveckux GykB TaM, rae 9TO TOSBOAKAA (porte ‘TUKa CAABAHCKOTO AabIKa, U COBMAA HOBBIE GyKBbI AAS OGosHaTeHHA OCO6BIX SBYKOB CAABAHCKOTO s13bIKa. Bropas axe a6yka Gpiva cosiatia, 10-BHAMMOMY, TlocAe cMepTHt Megoaus (885 r.) aaa toro, yro6pr Mepencat cAaBalckHe 60- Tocay:keGuble KHHTH TaiiHOMHCbIO H TEM CaMbIM.cMlacTH HX OT YHHY- tomenus. Coaqateaem ee mor Gpit» Topasa, 0 KoTOpoM, Kak HO Aaspentuu, nuyero nocae ux HarHaHHa He H3aBecTHo. BosmoxtHo, To oH Taio Bepnyacn 8 Mopasmio u taiino mpozoasaa BecTH GorocayAKeHHA Ha CAABAHCKOM ASbIKE, AAK Hero BaMlIMppoHAA KHH- TH, THCbMO KOTOpBIX 6BIAO HaBecTHO AMUN Tlocaamjentbi. Topaaa kak Gawxaiimuit yuenux u ripeemunk ce. Meqoana o6aanaa 1e06- XoaMMoii noaroToBKoii AAs Takoii paGoret. Tunoresa cosmaHua raa- 20 roamgpt 8 Mopapuu xopouo oGnacuser qpaxt ee coxpanents 1 pace poctpaweHia y wro-sanaanDix cAaBaH, a TaKAMe AKT HaANHA Mopapamos B TAaroaHyecKHX TeKcrax”, § 5. Mamarnnxn crapocaassHcKoi TIMCbMCHHOCTH Kupwaanieckue namatamn crapocAanaucKoii nMepmennocrn Adépyarcancran naanucy, 943 1 o6tapycera B 1950 r, 8 Pym, Tly6anxauys: Hamm I. Staroslavenska gramatika. Zagreb, 1958. S. 9. Haanuco uepry6orrn Mocmuua, ox. 60-x rr, X n.; o6napyacena » 1952 r. 5 Boarapnn, Fy6annayua: Beprmmeint C.B. Oueps cpan- rrreapHioit rpammarinc caasaricxix asbixos. M., 1961. C. 16. Haanuce uapa Caxyuaa, seicerentian » 993 r. na MormanHofi ruwte no pacriopsaxenio yapa Camyuaa. Fly6ankaygin: Kapexuit E.C. Caanstickas Kupuaroncxar narcorpapus, M., 1979. C. 107. Caseuxa Knuza — cOopHuk eBaHreabcKHx YTeHHi, HMeroUmHii ABE npunucrt ¢ yrominannem nvenm nona Cassbt; way. XI a. Hagana B.H.LLleminone » at: Tlamarannn crapocaasncoro sabia. T. 1, soin, 2., CTI6., 1903. Cynpacavckax pyxonuce, coaeprkaigan Maprosckyio muneio; XI 8. Pyxonnce Haiinena 8 Cynpacae oxox Beaocroxa. Haaana C.Cene- poaronpin 8 xx.: Tamsin crapocaasmcKoro asbika, T. 2, wot. 1. CTI6., 1904. Enuncxuit Anocmoa, XI 3.; naliaen np pecranpawin xpama ce. Tlapackestr 6 c. Exo s Boxrapint 5 1960 r. Hazaxne: Mupsen K., Koos Xp. Enumicxn anocroa. Craposparapexn naneris or XI nex. Cogan, 1966. Xwranaaperue auemxu — orpeiwox wa nioysenii cx, Kupua- aa Vepycaanncxoro, XI .; wafinen » XwaanaapcKom monacrwipe B. H. P'puroposisen. Hananne: Tlasrramxn crapocaanatteKoro sapt- xa. T. 1, soin. 1, CIT6., 1900. © TloapoGnee cx: Hempun B. M. 1100 ser cxasmicxoii aa6yxu. Hag. 2. M., 1988. C. 51—159. Ha nonefieit arreparypst, paspusaiowell nioresy npnoprereva raaroanyps, cM: Mupoxosa T.A. FIpoGxembt 280aiounn spaspo-opsporpagersecninx cucres apesnecaapmicxoro kiviaioro wacaczves. ML, 1999.Aucmru Yaaorvexoro — orpoisox caye6uoro Esanreana XI 8. Mean E.@.Kapcxum: Flanatanxn crapocaasmickoro naenxa. T. 1, sumn. 3. CTT6., 1904. Mareaonckuii aucmox — orpoibok 13 npouasenenus aKsapxa Moana (?), XI-p. Hazanne: Tamarimixn crapocaanaricxoro sabia. T. 1, npn. 5. CII6,, 1906. Borpapexue aucmxu — orpomox 1a «FTpamu» ep. Bacuana Bensxo- ro, XIp. Manan FLA.Aaspontin n «Revue des études slaves», 6. Taaroanueckne namaraucn ‘cAaBAncKoit MHchMeHHOCTH Kueackue aucmeu, wt Kuescruii muccan — orpetbox Karoart- secko# o6eann (weccot), X nex. Hazan H.B.Aruvem: V. Jagic. Glagolitica. Wien, 1900. Borpachcrae uemacpnenaureaue, X—XI wm waiinenn a Banga. cxom moniacrnipe a Apone. Mazano H.B.Arauem: V Jagic. Quattuor evangeliorum codex glagoliticus olim Zographensis. Berlin, 1879. Mapuuncxoe uemeepocaanzeaue, X—XI p., vaiizeno 8 Mapuun- ceo moniacroipe a Aone 5 1845 r. B.H.Tpnroposivem. Hanano H.B.Aricie: V Jagic. Quattuor evangeliorum versionis paleoslovenicae codex Marianus. Berlin — CI6., 1883. Accenanueso, uau Bamuxancxoe ceanzeaue, XI B, Hassaxo 10 umen H. Accemarn, koropeili shines pyxonucy us Hepycaauma 8 Hraano 8 1736 r. Hanano V1Baiicom 4 H1.Kypuem: Codex Vatica- nus 3. Slavicus glagoliticus. T. 12, Pragae, 1929. Céopuux Kroya — c6opinx noysenuti u noxsaxsibtx cxon, XI s. Hassan no wenn mraaeanya. Mananne: W.Vondrak. Glagolita Clozu. Praha, 1893. Cunaiickas ncaamvipp, XI 2. Haxoautea » monacrsipe cB. Exa- epunx wa Cunae. Hagane: Cenepsanios C. Cunaiicxan ncaxroips// Visa, Oraerenua pycck. 23. crop. Poc. Axaa. ways. Tr., 1922 Cunaiicuii mpe6uux, XI. Halizen 8 monacruige cp, Exarept- upt na Canae. Haaasne: R. Nachtigal. Euchologium Sinaiticum 1—2. Ljubliana, 19411942. Oxpuackue aucmxu, Haiigenn B..U puroposnyem 8 Oxpuae. Honanne: Tlawstankit crapocaansickoro sabia. T. 3, sm, 2. Tr, 1915. 22 Maxeaonckuit raaroauxeckuii aucmox ¢ orppinkom #3 Caona Eqpema Cupinia, waiizenii B.M.Tparoponiyes. Mananne: Tlamsr- ux crapocaasmucKoro aapica. T. 1, som. 6. CIT6., 1909. § 6. Kupuaanueckas as6yxa B octiose kupuannupt anit npeweckoe yuunaabioe (anryprivec- oe) mmicbMo. Haanasme Gyn | Byxass xvprowinss] Tpevecra axpanur | Byxaoraaronyot Agh a A + KoyK 5 [ aap ] — wazagacra: [ cp ] > [erp ] — ctpann. § 2. 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O rom, uto 970 aeiicrauTeabHo 6blA0 TaK, CBHACTEABCTBYIOT TAATOAHMECKHE TAMSITHHKH, B KOTOPbIX Onto GyKBoll OSoaHayaAcA 1 sayk [ 4 ], u apyx [ ’a ] nocae markHx coraacibix: HanpuMep, KH- 28 PHAAMMECKHM HanHcaHHaM BOAIA H XA'EB COOTBETCTBYIOT TAaFOAHMEC- xue nanucanun VIA 1 b&ALLB. Dror axr rosopur o rom, TO HA COCTABHTeAR TAAFOAHLbI STH SBYKH GEIAH HACTOADKO GAn3- KH, 4TO OH He HamleA HY*KHBIM COBAaBAT AAR HHX pasHble GYKBBI. Alpyrum qaxrom, noaTsepaqaiowHM yKasaHtioe npousHourente , GvIAO TO, WTO B HeKOTOPDIX KHPHAAHYECKHX NaMaTHEKax (AucTKH Yuaoanckoro) 6yknoit & oGosHavanoce coveTanHe sByKos [ ja ]: BRU. ANWBROAE, Bo, TRO. B apyrine KHpHAAHIECKHX maMATHHKAX, Hariplt- ep, 8 Capsnnoit knure, HaGaonaetca cMemleHHe GyKB BH I: BONE TKK. § 3. Tlosmynonnele BapvaHrTsi TAaCHBIX POHEM B niexoropnrx noanyjiax (PoHeMb! 3aMeHAAHCb NOSHIMOHHDIMH Ba- piarramt, Dro npexae acero KacaeTca oem u . Peayuyposanipie tponembi cpeanezo nombema H Haxo- ‘cb nlepea corAactbIM nanamamHbin sByKoM [ j ] HAW rAacHBIM eepxHe2o nontema [ 1 ], ynon06.salich 14 0 MecTy O6pas0BaHiNA, TO ecT> CTaHOBH- ‘auch raactbna eepxnero nombema [51 ] # [1]. Ha mucome rare rxaciie oGosHataauc 6ykBaMH bl 1 H, TO ECT TaK Ake, KaK H OGDINHDIE (oHEMBI <> . Hanpumep: awoante[ avons ], SHIT [jaro ], HOBRIH ( nondijp J, canan [ cme J Onnaxo, namenus caoit nogpem, 9TH (ponembi He cTaAK aByKaMit Totoro O6pasoBaliHs, OHM Tak H OCTAAHCh PeAYUMPORAHHBIMH, Ha “TO ykaabinaer Hx AaAbuelimas cyab6a B pasHDIx CAABAHCKUX abIKAX (CM. Aexunio 8). Takum o6pazom, peayunponannpte ayn [ ot] a [ a ] ABAMOTCH NOBHYHOUNBIMH BapHAlTAMH oHeM H . ‘Dru nosyHoMnbte BapHatrTbl NORBARAHCH He TOABKO BHYTPH CAoBA Ha CTDIKe Mopipem, HO H Ha CTbIKe CAOB, HanpHMep: Hamucanne Map. eB. BBAACThIH BMECTO BRAACTA H OGbsCHIETCA MOSHLMOHHO! MeHoli J hk 97a 2Ke Metta HAGAOAACTCR B HANHCAHUsX OCTABHTHI H, RHABABI H. Tp BAAM H (secro MIRAAMA H). Tpn npaxrivieckom poneriicekoM aniaaniae CTapocAaparicKix CAOB ago oGpaiyarb ocoGoe BHHMAHHe Ha TO, KaKHe sByKH O6osHiaualoTcH ha nucbme Gyxpasn bi 1-H: [ bt, H ] HAM peayunponarnre [1i, i ] 29§ 4. Taacuere cbonemsr B Hauaae CAOBa B crapocaanalickOM sabIKe He BCe FAACHBIe MOTAH HaxoRHTbCA B Hayare cAoBa, TO ECT» O6pasoBbIBaTb oTkpbrTbili HenpuKpprTbAlt CAOr. Tlepea muoruma ua Hux Gpina Bcrapka, Tak Hasbipaembili npomemu- ueckuil [ j ], Koroppiit mpesparyar HenpuKpbiTbilt cAor B npuKpbrTbil. Wonemp: < 0 > u Moran o6pazoBbiBaTe HenpMKpbITEtii cAor: OTAYB. OKO, OB, TAB, RZBKB. JAMATHUKH CT-CA. MHCBMEHHOCTH HMEIOT ABOAKOe HaNHCaHHe CAOB ¢ mavabHnim a: © nporernieckum [ j ] W Gea Hero: ATHY. ABHTH, APOAA HACHBIh, IAKHTH, ATCA: ONeDHANO, TaKoe ADOMKOe HaNnca- une orpaakaer cambifi npoyece passuTua nporeruueckoro [ j ] mepen Qouemoit < a >. B cr-ca. aabike npaktutecki He 6bIAO CAOB ¢ HaYaAbHDIMH < ¢ >, <¢>u <4 >; mepen Humu 6b1a nporerHyecksst [ j ]: nepen a: ZBI, tar (cp. 8RGATH); reper : CMs, KAHITR, Reeth; nocae j <4 > aMeHHAdce B < 'a >:IACTH (cp. ap-pyc. écmu, pyc.eza ), KARA ‘rpyab’ (cp. RBH-RAPHTH, pyc, Hezpa), IAKATH (cp. BR-BATH, pyc. exam»); ‘OMOTHO HeBOSMOASHDIMIT B HawaAe CAOBA OBIAK FAacHBIE <> >, , . Mepen 6p1a nporernuectati j, pH Tom coveraHHe [ip ] o6osnauanocy 6yxnoii H: HmaTH [ jomarn J, (cp. 6AZ-bIA). Plepeg raacusma: <1 > u 61a ue [ j ], a nipovermuecnati [se ] <*u: eanan (cp. 6a7-a0-4-TH), BBIApA (cp. AnT. tidra ‘Boiapa’, pe. Sépa. ‘ruapa, Bozstan ames’) Zs Toro stoGpi npakTHueckH onpeneAHT’ B KaxKAOM OTREABHOM caoue, Kaxnnnn Goan spyku [ j ] «[ 8 ] — stHMoaorauecknmn HAH TIpoTeTHHECKHMH, HeOGXOAHMO CpaBHeHHe BTOTO CTaPOCAABAHCKOTO CAOBA ¢ aHAAOTHMIbIMH CAOBAMH CAABAHCKHX H HECAABAHCKHX POACTBCHHEIX 2bIKOB; MHOTO YeHHOTO B STOM OTHOUIEHHH COAePAKHTER B BTAMOAOTH- MecKHX CAOBapAX. . § 5. Cucrema corsacnix ouem CTapocAaBAHCKOrO A3bIKa @ouerwneckan cuctema crapocAaBsncKoro sabika cocromsa wa 26 COrAaCHBIX (owe Mm, KoTOpbIe no MecTy 1 cnocoby o6pax0Ba- _HIA KAACCHKpHUMpYIOTCA CACAYIOIYHM OGpAsoM: 30 Mecto o6pasonanit Cooco6 o6pascpanna: Cpeane- Banne- Tyéme | Tepeawenaogome | Cocare, | Sere C | Bapomnxe 6 ‘ r M | Ag@puare: ae PET Crome x a q ; Hocootse “ now H bl Boxospie a x E | Aposaune poe @PHKATHBHBIE |» enw i x Tlo crenesm ssysHocri corAactbte (POHEMBI AeARTCH Ha IHYMEIe, KOTO" pple MorAH Obrrb KaK SH0HKHMI, TAK H FAYXHM, H coHKOpHbIe , , , , , ,

, , cpemn xoroporx aouteaserca, rpytina 0co60 SBy¥HBIX (POHEM, TaK HaSbIBAeMbIXx NAABHDIX — , ,

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. Hickonn 8 npacaaBalickom sabiKe He 6bIA0 poem < @ >, < kK’ > ; OHH TORBHAHCD AMID B CAOBAX, SAHMCTBOBAHHBIX HB rpeHec- KOTO ABbIKA: GAPAOH'A, REAP, HTEMOHA. Aquppuxara < a's’ >, oGosnavanmanca GyKnoiis, yase 8 nucbMeH- pti nepuog connaaa c dpouemoli < 8’ >; 6yxpbi $ HZ, cHavana yrior- PeGARAHCH M10 CBOEMY HasHaYeHIo, a SaTeM CTaAH CMelIMBaTDCA. § 6. Mosuynonubie u3zMeneHna coraacHbrx boHem. B crapocaanstickoMt abtKe COrAactibie (POHeMBI GBIAI HAH TOABKO He- KOHHO TBEPABIMH, HAH TOABKO HCKOHHO MATKHMU; AHUIb HECKOABKO (boHeM ObIAH Kak TBEPADIMH, TaK H MATKUMH: , , ,, <3 — 8 >. Taeproct o marxocrs omax (Poem 6biAa HX NOcMOANHDLMU NPUSHAKAMU, HE 3ABUCHIMMH OT (pore- ‘Tumiectx ycAobtti, B KOTOpDIX MorAa okasaTbcA AatmIag (pouteMa. Cpan- 31HUM: B pyccKOM sabike | 40M — B oM’b] Markoctp apyka [ mM’ ] o6yc- AopAcHa NlosHyHeli NepeA TAACHDIM NepeaHerO pra, NOSTOMY B AasHIOM caysae [ a’ ] smwieres nosMyMOHHOd papHaumeli cporemst , a sByKu [m — a! ] smamoren coomuocirrenptpini no TeepaocTH—marxocTs, B cTapOcAaBAHCKOM ABbIKe TaKO!t COOTHOCHTeADHOCTH He GbIAO: THePAbIE (PoHeMnt He CTAHOBHAKeD MAKHMH B MOSMAN Nepem TAACHbIMH repemHETO aa, TO ecTh He npHo6peTaaH jonoAHHTeABHOitj-olf apTUKYARUH, TeM He Metiee HeKoTopoe NpHCnocoGAeHHe THePABIX COPAACHDIX K TAACHBIM Tlepe~ -AHeTO pana BCE Ke, BHAHMO, TIPOHCXOAHAO, a HMeHHO: B STHX SboHETHTIeC- KHX YCAOBHAX TBePABIe COFAACHBIe TOAYYAAH NOSHLHOMHYIO noayss- xocmo — [a* dcp], [n-pep]. Orxyaa am HaBecTio, "70 B STHX YCAOBH- IX BOSHHKAAO KAKOC-TO LOSHAOHHOE HSMEHEHHE THEPADIX COTAACHDIX Ht 10- YeMy 970 GbIAa HMeHHO TOAYMSTKOCTD, a He NOAKast MarKocTb? Ha To, #70 370 Gpuo cMaTHelHe, ykasbibaer Hx AaAbHelimas CyapGa: BO DCeX CAABAH- CRUX ABIKAX NOAYMSITKHE MOCTeTIeHHO CTaAAK BTOPHMHO cMaTueHHEME. Ho FTO BaCTABASET Hac TIpeANIONATaT HANNE HEKOTOPOTO MIpoMexsyTONHOTO cocromenit roaymarxocTu? Tlouemy Toepapie coraacibie He MOrAK cpasy craTb MarKiHMH B OAOAKeHHH nepea rAactmMi nepeatiero paaa? Ha stot Bonipoc MbI OTRETHM noaze, KOFAA HSYHHM HeKOTOpBIE ADyTHE ¢potteTHyeC- kale MpOYACCEI B NIPACAABAHCKOM sabIKe (CM. AeKIpHHO 5). Eye oan noanyuonmpne waMerenitem coraacuix Gpixo orayue- te (povemmt mepea rayxHMHt COrAAcHEIN: HCHABHATH, HCHO! BAANNK, BECKPABLABIN, KecHMIBHKE, pacmaTHE, pacTovenmie, Ta Ke Porlema <3 > B NosHYHH Tepex CBHCTAIIHMH HAM UIMTAIIHMH TOAHO- CTmlo ACCHMHAHPOBAAACH HMI, TO ECT KaK bt «nlporiazaAa», 470 BbI- parcaroce Ha TIMChMe CAeAYIOIJHM OGpasOM: KEZANOHHKC, HCBXHOYTH. HINbAR. HIPEAHTH, BecTpAXAa (BMecTO oxKHAaeMoro *REZZAKOHHK, *HE caqHoy TH, "HOURAR, “HEY RAHTH, Bez cTpaKA). Dro ynpoueHe rey COTAACHBIX OAHOH H Toil ake CTEMEHH SBYUHOCTH, HECOMHEHHO, CBRBAHO € 3aKoHoM Bocxoaseit sayuntocTH. B npacnansvickom sabike cAoToo6paayioul¥M SAeMeITOM MOrAH 6brTb He TOADKO FAACHDIe SBYKH, HO H, B CHAY CBOei BpICOKOH SBy"HOCTH, cO- nopubie naaniete [ p" Jn [ a° ]. Ha niceMe caorosocTp maapibix 060- BHaYaAaCh MocTaHOBKO!! GyKB ' Hb NocAe GyKB CAOTOBDIX MAABHIX: AABra, Abra [ aA’-rp J, BORA, BabHa[ BA’-Ha J, TEPRAD TEPRAR [rsp"-a ], rpnan, rpaaa [ rp’-av ]. Maeno 70, ro micua Gaix0 BCE PaBHO, Kaky1o GykBy iTanHcaTh — % HAK bk, — ykasbIBaeT Ha TO, ro aTH GYKBEI B AAHHOM CAYYae He HMEAH SBYKOROTO sHaKeHHA, 060- aHavas AMIN CAOTORO! xapaKTep NpeAbIAyYLero NAABHOTO. AEKIJUA 3 Ucropus crapocaaBaHcKon oHeTuuecKkon CUCTeMBI B npeapuayagux Aexyrinx Mbt paccMotpeant @onleTutecKyio cucreMy NpACAaBAHCKOTO ABDIKA B cTo lOAHO-CAaBAHCKOH pasHoBHAHOCTH (sac- BHACTEADCTBOBAHHYIO B aMATHHKAX CTapOCAaBAHCKOlt MCbMeHHOCTH) crarayeckH. Tenepb HaM Hy:KHO OTBeTHTb Ha BOMpOC O TOM, KaK Ta cvicTeMa BOSHUKAa, a AAR 9TOFO Ham HYaHO BHaTD, “TO MpeACTABARAA cobolt oreTH¥eckasl CiIcTeMa NpOTOCAABAHCKOrO AHAAeKTa 10 CAABAH- cKorO STHORSEIKOBOTO «BSPBIBA”; HHBIMHE CAOBAMI, HaM HY2KHO Y3HaTD, Kakylo cHCTeMy (poem yHacAeqoBaA TIpOTOCAABAHCKHHT AWAACKT 13 unaoesponelicxoro npasapika. CpasHuteabHoe waywenne poneTHKH CTaPOCAABAHCKOTO s3bIKa C GaATHHCKHMH, H3 KOTOPDIX AHTOBCKHii ASbIK CoXpaHHA Ao CeroAHAMIHeTO AHA apxanneiimme Yeprbt npaHHiAceBpO- nelickoro, a TakaKe Apyrinit HHAOeBPOTTelicKHMH ABbIKAMH TIOBBOAHAO peKOHICTpynponaTp cporIeTITMECKyIO CHCTeMY MIpoTOCAaBATICKOTO AHAAEKTA. § 1. Crpyxrypa caora Tlpexxae ncero nyacuo samenits, ro ctpykrypa caora 8 nporocaa- RalickoMt AaAekTe ObIAa HHO, HeaKeAN B NPACAABACKOM: CAOT TaM Mor GbiTh Kak OTKPBITBIM, TAK H 3aKpHrTBIM. § 2. Oco6exnocru mporocaaBaAHCKOi (ouernseckon cucrempl, YHaCAeAOBaHHOK U3 MHACeBporeiicKon Boxaansm TIporocaanmncknit auanext yracaenonaa ua waiaoesponeicKoro ripa apixa cucremy ua 10 raacribix @otiew, KoTopble pasatantice 10220 gems 33moii u Kpamxocmp1o, Npuem AoaroTa 1 KpaTKOCTh ObIAH CMBICAO- PABAMMIFTEADHDIMES, (POHOAOTHMECKMH IpHBHaKaMu: <4 HD, <->, <8 <*i D>. 2, Tporocaansiickni: amanexr yHacaenonan Takake HaoenponeicKyio cuctemy wa 12 ,uomon2oa; HanoMuuM, To AMGproHTOM HasbIBaeTCH coueTanHe ABYX TAACHBIX SBYKOB B MIpemeAAX OAHOTO cAora: <*G— 8 >, , < A> , <*Gu — *ou >, < Miu — “au >. Tlepaniti say B andToHre apasieTca CAOTOBLIM, BTOPO!_ — Hecaoro- DIM, ‘To MOBAHMAO Ha Hx AAAbHeMIMyIO CyABEY. 3. TIporocaapancxnii auanexr yacaegonan 13 ntiaoesponelicKoro npa- sapika Tak HasbipaeMble qudmon2uveckue COueMaHUA TAACHDIX ¢ ConopHbine, KoTOpHIe B SAaKPDITbIX CAOTAX HMeAH AMroHTecKH xapaxrep: <*er >, <*or>, <*ar>, < en >, < *on >, < *an >, <*>, <*>, <*al>, <*em >,< *om >,< *am rraciniit say 6 STI cOMeTaHNLAX Mor ObITb KAK KPATIGM, TaK H AOATHM. +. B nporocaapsiickom amanekre, Kak H B HEAOeBpONelicKoM NpaaabiKe, yaapenie Ob1N0 He CHAOBDIM, KaK B PYCCKOM ABbIKE, a TOHOBDIM, HAH MY3bIKAABHDIM; 9TO 3HANHAO, "TO YAaPHbIi CAOT BDIACARA- ca He CHAOH anyka, a aBUmeHHEM TOHA, ECAH Yyaapibiit CAOr BbIAeARACA onbILIeHHeM ToHa, TO TaKoe yAapeHHe TipHliaTo HasbiBaTp eocxoastuum (uHate, aocxoanuseli UNMoKauUell, HAW axymom, akymosoil uXmonayueli. — oT rat. acutus ‘octpbiii’); BocKoAAIMjee YAapeHe B CepeAMHe CAOBA TlaAaNO Ha CAOT ¢ AOATHM TACHI HAH JOATHM CAOTOBDIM coHOpHDIM. Ecam yaapHbtii cAor BbI- AeAKACH TlOHMAKeHHeM ToHa, TO Takoe yaapeHMe NIHHATO HasbIBaTS hucxogtusun (nHave HucxoAMWel: uNMoNaUUEll, HAH WUpKYdpAeK- cHoii — or aar. circumflexus ‘usru6, cog’); Hucxoasiyee yaape- Me B Cepemuiiie CAOBa TlajlaAo Ha CAO C KpaTKHM TAACHBIM HAM KpaT- KHM cAoroppIM coHopHbIM. Ha CAaBAHCKHX A3bIKOB HHTOHALMOHHOe YaapeHe COXpaHHAdcb, B GoAee HAH MeHtee TIpeobpasoBalHOM BUC, B ronopax cepGoxopsatcKoro K cAOBeHHcKoro sabiKos, B apyrux CAaBAHCKHX AAbIKAX OHO 3aMEHHAOCb CHAOBDIM, HAH AMHAMIYECKHM; 34 97a BaMeHa BbISBAAA B CBOIO OYEpeA PascM4EDIe hoHeTHYECKHE HAMeHEHH B aByKax, O YeM Toller pexb HIUKe. 5, [porocaansncknit aManexT yHacneaonaasinoesporielicKyio cHcTeMy epegosanua raacubix orem. Uepesosatiiem HaspisaeTca Meta TAACHDIX (poHieM B ripeneaax KopHin. Hexoraa ato Yepenosatiite GD1A0 TpaMMaTHteckH 3HauMbIM — CAYAKHAO AAR OnpeneAeHHA rpamMa- ruueckoii KaTeropun CAOBa, CAeABI YerO COXPAHMAHC AO CHX NOP, HaripHMep,o — B KopHe HMeH,€ — 8 KOpHe FAarOAOB: 60.18 — Be- em, naom — naecmu ( < *plettei); ep. rpex. popog ‘nénars’ — pépw ‘Hecy’. Uepenosatma Moran Goirs KaectaemimntH, Koraa HepeaoBannce raacubie pasHofi aptaxyanyun: ¢ / 6 — ber- / bor- (Rep — cheap); e/o — séd-/sod- (CRARTH — ANB); YepenoBaHHs MOrAH OpITh K O- AWTECTBEHH DI MH, KOrAa Yepenonarttch rAacttble omuHaKoBOi ApTHKYARHH, HO paaawiasuineca joaroToli—kparkocrpio: € / € — sed-/ séd- (ceabao — c&akTH); & / & — gitor- / ghhor- (ropuTH/ raph); axoney, Nepenosainit Morax Gbtrb cMemaHDN — K awe © T- BeHHo-KoAMHecTBeHHDMMEE/ a — *std-lo / *sad-v. Konconanrusm TlporocaasaHckuit qMaAeKT yHacaegqopaa M3 KHAoeBponelicKoro pasiabika CAeAYIOIYIO CHCTeMy COrAACHbIX ¢poHEM. 1. Ape tak Haabipaembie w < *7 >. Mor ormocum ux k cuicteme KortconarrisMa BaHay Hx rlocaenyiowsell cyab6oI — npenpalljesi OAHDIe corAac- Hie. 2. Bocemp conopnbix poem: YeTbIpe HECAOTOBDIX H YeTbIPE CAOTOBDIX: >, , <4m>,< "n>, <4 >,

,< 4m >, < 4a >, 3. Cemnaayarb caprunoix: <*p>,<4ph> <*>, <*> <*b >, <*bh> , <*dh> Or sar. bis ‘anancass’ w lab ‘ry6a" os 35<¥g >, < gh >, < gt >, < Hg >, <¥g'> <*>, <4khS, <*>, <4, On sxoaHan 8 cooTHocHTeAbHBIe PAZBI HAH TO MpHaHAKy pH AbIxaTeAbHOCTH: <*b — *bt> <*d —¥db> WAH To npHaHaKy AaGnaAbHOcTH: < tg — gt — gh > HAH nO npusHaKy TBepaocTH—MarKocTH: < tg — > <*kh— > 4. Oany sppuxarusuyto @onemy —cnupanm® <*s>. Beero nporocaanmiexnit awanexr YHACAEROBAA Wa winoeBportelic- xoro npanaika 28 coraacnbix (pores. TIporocaansicknii smarext 6aAT0-caaBmnicKoro npasabika CyiyecTBO- BaA B TeveHMe AAHTeABHOTO BpeMeHM — npHMepHo 2,5 TBICRIH AeT; 3a To BPeMA OH HCMBITAA pax HaMeHeHHi, sacTbIo BMecTe c GaATHficKHMH auaxentasat, “acraio cBoeo6pasinns. Paccmorpentie ux — Tema cae- Aylowyelt Aexumn. "® Companrr — or aar. spiro ‘ayto’ CG AEKYMNA 44 @Monernueckne upoyeccsr B IWpOTOCAaBAHCKOM AnaAeKTe 6aATO-CAaBAHCKOrO mpaxsA3biKa B aroii xexayHuH oi paccmonpHM NpOLecckl, HPOHCKOAMBLIIHE AO «CAa- SaNCKOTO B3pHIBA», TO ECT AO HaNAAa AelicTBHA 2aKOHOB BocKoAAILelt sByaHOCTH H 3ByKoBOTO cuapeortaMa. Dra npyrina ripoueccon 6btxa cBo!- peta He TONBKO TIpOTOCAABSTHCKOMY AHANCKTY Ht GAATO-CAABSEICKOMY SbIKY B LIEAOM, HO H HeKOTOpbIM JIPYTHM HHAOeRPOEliCKHM abIKAM. § 1. Aecbonosorusayna KoAMueCTBeHHOTO MIpu3Haka TAaCHbIx B unqcesponefickom npasabike KoairectseHnbili npHaHaK rAacHBIX Gbia cubicaopaaArniHTeAbHbIM, poHoAoruHeckum. B npotocaanaHcKom AMlaAekTe ipHaHiak NOATOTbI—KpaTKOCTA Nepecraer 6brTb (OHOAOTHTECKH snauumbim. TIpx stom corempr, pasAHYaBLIHecA KOAM'CCTBEHHO, Ha- MMHaIOT paBAHYATDCA KAMECTBEHHO, a HeKOTOPbIE (OHEMBI, PA3AHYAB- lumeca Ka4eCTBeHHO, HanpoTus, copriaqaior. Aoarne *a 1 *6 copnanaror B cporeme < a >. Cpapnenne c un- AoepponlickHMi #abIkaMH, COXpAHHBLIUMH AOATOTY M KpaTKOCTb, O- KaabipaeT, TO B OAHEX CAyYaax NpoTocAaB. < a > cooTBeTcTByeT AOA- rag raachan , B apyrHx — goaran <0 >: MATH — pew. ZopHY. hérnp, Aar. mdler; KPATPA —rpe4.gpdtap, Aa. frdler, HO AAP — rpex. BGpov ‘aap’, Aar. dono ‘napto’, {HATH — rpex. yLyVOoKe, aaT. cogndsco ‘noaHato’ B 6aatuiickux aapikax wamertenve Gptvo HHbIM. SayK <6> B AH- TOBCKOM Hf AATbIIICKOM HAMeHHACA B ANCToHT : AHT. dot, ATUL. duét ‘nave’; aByk <4> B AHTOBCKOM HaMeHHACA B — médtina 37‘mar’, brélis ‘6pat’, Tora Kak B AaTBILICKOM OH CoxpaHHAcs 6e3 H3- Menennii — mdte, bralis. Kparkue *4 u *o connagator B doveme <0 >, a B 6aaTHiicKHX B . FIporocaanauckomy < 0 > B OAHHX CAyYasx COOTBeTCTBYET Kparkas (pouema <4 >, a B apyrHx — Kparkan <6 >: Oth — rpev. doy, aan. dxis, aur. dsis; oThYb — rpex. deta, Aart. dlla; CTP — rpeX. xpos, aat. dcus; HO ACMA — rpex. dop0c, aat. domus, oko — rpex. doce (aBx.), rat. dculus, oBRIJA — Aar. dbis. B noaoakenun mocae HckOHHO MATKHX Kpatkan *6 > e: cp. *sel-o- m > cane. a ¥pal-jo-m > noar, B kouesnbix sakpprrbix caorax KpaT- oe *6 > *u> o: *sfpnds > *supnuts > eaita (cover. “pn napyuia- ‘AO 3aKOH BOCKOAAIMeH SBYYHOCTH H ynpocTHALcD: “pr > n); “dors > ‘¥donts > Aaps. Zloaran bonema *€ uneaa pastyto cyabby 8 saBicHMocTH OT Moa wim, B osnyan nocae ueKouto arkux coraacnbix *€ > ‘a: aA — cp. nwt. gelti ‘Goavto’, gelonis ‘nueanoe xxano’. B nosnyam nocae -rpepanix coraactiix *€ > d (tk): CBMA — aan. sémén, aur. semenys; BPR — Ant. Zveris, rpex. O¥p. B cAowax CRMA, ZBKPh 3BYKH [ct ]u Hs + ] noaywaan nosHUMOHHy!o NOAyMarKOCTD; ECAH ObI OHH GbIAH HiC- KOHHO MarKUMH, TO @oHema *€ nepeutaa 6b1 B < ‘a >, aHe B<4> (1s) *cranta [ came ]; nockoabKy se aTOFO He NPOHBOLIAO, TO BTO AO- aapinaeT HaAIINe OSHYMOHHOM NOAYMATKOCTH, a He MATKOCTH TBEP- AIX COTAACHDIX B IOAOKEHHH Neped TAACHBIMM TlepeaHero pana. Kpatxas cbonema *& > ¢; efi coorsercrayer Kpatkaa < € > B 3bI- ax, COXpaHHBIUIX paBAHNHe AOATHX H KPaTKHX PAACHbIX: HEBO — Tp. vEgo¢ ‘Ty4a, TyMaH’, AaT. nébula ‘tyMaH’; MéAR — Aut. médus, rpes. yé00 ‘onbaustorguit HaniToK’. Aoaran gonesa *7 > i: cp. TpH — aan. triginta “30'. Kparkas qouena *r > » (b): cp. uaza — rotex. mézdo ‘naara’, MBHHH — aar. minor ‘Menpine’, rpes. Live ‘yMerbuIaIo; AbH — Aar. nundinum ‘npomexyrok Mexcay AByMs GasapHbIMy AsAMH'; BhAOEA — cancxp. vidhava, Aat. vfdua; MbrAA — rpex. =optxAn. ‘loaran cponema *w > vt: op. ANIMA — Aar. fumus ‘anim’, rpex. dopiauar ‘kaxknenne’; Cutts — ver. sunus, caxckp. stinuh, Tlocae mar- KHx coraacbix *u> gf: cp. HTH Ant. siuli, canexp. sittah, B noaoxe- Hi nepen raacubimf'W > audrour *ut, KoTOptii BIOCAeACTBHH B TIpac- AasaitcKom npespaTirca B BE: cp. *RnE-{61 > KpMTH. Ho *knd=1-s > hntuct-s > *krov-i-s > KPBBB. 38 Kparxat dpouema *u > @ (2); cp. BKB — Aan. muscus ‘Mox’s ABBA — pes. romep. 56a; CAITR — rpex. Invos. Flocne neko mar- xx coraactx *u> b: *sinjos > *smnjus % sin’e = cme, B nexoropem apyrux mivjoesporteiicKix aspikax TakuKe MpOHCxO- _ANAO Mipeo6pasopanHe KONITYeCTBEHHDIX paaAsTant FAACHBIX B KANECTBCH- ble, OAHAKO peayabTarbl sTOro NpeoGpaananua GbIAK cyIecTBeHHO ora Of pesyauraros B npoTocaapstickom asbixe. Hanpep, B ob\erepMatcKom Aarne *a 4 *o copnaan B <0 >, a KpatkHe *a H or copmann 8 < a >, To ects mpoyecc Gaia npoTHBONOAO‘eH NpACra- pauicxomy: ue. * mdler > npacaas. MATH, ap.-aitta. moder; u-e. ¥gans- > mpacaas. *gons- > gqs- = Tb, Ap.-B.-H. gans- O ppement Havana jepoHonorHsayHH npHaHaka AoAroTEI—Kpar- KOCTH CpeaH YHeHBIX HeT eqMHCTAA MHeHHi, HO BCe Ke GOABEIHCTEO puaiaer, TO STOT NpoYecc HayarcA HAM elle Ha HHACEBpOTEiCKOH nnowBe, HAM Ha CaMbIX palINEX CTaAMAX NIPOTOCAABAHCKOrO. § 2. Mepexoa*s > *ch Donema *s B nosoaennu nocae ouem *r, *u, *k, *i, a TaxKe niocae augronros “oi, *ai, *ou, *au H He Neped BSpbIBHBIMHE COrAaC- HbIMH nepemiaa B boHemy *ch. O6 stom caHaeTeAbcTByeT cpaBHeHHe CTaPOCAABAHCKHX CAOB CO CAOBAMH APYTHX H-€, ABBIKOB! AAT. muscu ‘wox’ — npotocaas, *muchus (cr-ca. WaXB); AMT. ausis. — npoTo- cas. *auchos (cr-ca. oyxe). Kak suai, & nporoSaariiicnix sanen- ‘Tax BTOT Mpoyecc HOCHA HHOM XapaKTep: anecb “s > “S, a MOTOM BO MHOTHX CAYYAAX CHOBA BS: ANT. virsuis ‘Bepx’, ankétas ‘yakuii’, HO ATUI. virsz. Bnpoxem, mpotoGaarufickom ator nipoulecc 6piA BecbMa HerIoc- ACROBATEADHBIM: CP. AHT. garsas ‘sBYK’, XOTA HeKoTOpbIe HccAenoBa- Tean curator, «ro [ s] B Takoro pona cAoBax BTOpITMHOTO MpoNCxON- Aenua us [ § ]. § 3. Apaenua centum — satem Hinzoesponelicxnii npastabik xapaktepHaoBancs HaAKUMEM. MATKIX saanenspranbix coraacubix onemt *h’, *g', g'*. B 6oanuoli rpynne u-e. ASbIKOB 9TH CPOHeMBI COXpAHHANICh 8 CBOEM KaNeCTBe: TaKOBBI TIpOTOHI- auicnan, wranickas,, KeABTCKAA, TepMalICKaR FpyMMbl, a TakaKe rpevec- 39uti sap. B apyrix rpynnax H.-e. sabikoB npowaoutaa sametia aaasien- SBME MOCpeACTHOM LNSTINK, CAHCTRIHK HAH GpoHKaTHBKOTO th: Ta- obi nparickan, uianiickaa, GaATO-CAABAHICKAA TPYnIMDs, a Take aAGaH- cat abu. CENTUM, SATEM ee] [en [ar [ror camp [apap | pore se [|x ¢ h € : : | « k i z z [la » |e o z 2 TIpnmezem npumepts. 1 [ saar. centum ‘cro’ nporoca. *sutom (cr-ca. CATO) nepHoa Bpemen, B TeienHe KoTOporo nelicrnonaA riepexon *s > *ch, GbIA AOCTATONHO AAHTEABHDIM: OH BaTponyA nosHunH *s nocae *ir, *ur, npontcxonnaiiux 13 caoronbix naasnbix (cme Hume § 4) Taxum o6paaom, npotocaapaHcKaa (ppuKarupnas ponema < c > BOCKOAHT KaK K H-e. cruipairty *5, Tak HK aaquensprmomy *k'; sro6bt y3HaTb, KaKOTO MpOHCXoAAeHHA CpoHeMa < Cc >, HY7KHO CpaBHHBaTb CAaBAHICKHe CAOBA, ¢ OAHOH CTOPONBI, CO CAOBAMH APYTHE saBIKOR NpYTITEt satem, ac apyrofi, — co cAoBaMH aabikos rpynnt centum, § 4. Bokaanszayna CAoronpIx COHOpHBIX B maoenponefickom npasanike conopuple sbyKit 8 cHAy cBoeli Bpico- koi sBy4HOcTH BICTyNAAH B KavecTBe CAoToo6pasyzouyHx. B Goabunen- pew. Exotov xp.-p. salem cre HHADeBpOTlicKHK sBbIKOB CoHOpHDIe YrpATHAH CBOIO CACTOBOCTS, ror. hund cancxp. ¢atam oawako pesyabraTnt soi yrpaTbt GbIAK pasHbIMH B PAsHDIX #IpIKAX. K ‘nar. decem ‘aecar niportoca. *desimtos (cr-ca.AEGATB) we. rpex. var. nporocaan. pes. Béxet ap.-np. dasa = mi a ma in ror. taihun cautexp. daca ea a a aa im ‘ar. pictura ‘puconamie’ niporoca. *pisaei (cr-es. MBCATH, ° pa ap on, ur ur ir] i Tucartt) P Ro. oh ol, ul al it / ul ‘rar. cognosco ‘oananars’ nporoes. *znalei (cr-ca. ZHATH) Pasnnwn 8 pepaexcax 1° n I? — ir / ur wil / ul Boayan ae rpeu pyVoKo cancxp. janati Dar. granu iporoca, imam (er-ex. EHO) ar. veho ‘Boasts! npovoea. *vozifei (er-ea. BOZHTH) ror. gawia a ‘a apuraio” canexp. vahati ‘exer’ hems ‘wenacroe nporoca. *zcimna (cr-ex. 3HMA) eyo ‘sina! ccancxp. himah orema *s <*k’ we sana nepexoaa w *ch (4pisatei < *pcik’- TO MO2KHO HCTOAKOBATb Tak, TO Nepexon *s > *ch NPOHCKOAHA pallb- te, Hew smaenHa satem, HAH TaK, To *s < *R’ 6btA naaaTaanaozaHl- pm. Bropaa unrepnperayna Kareena Goaee BepostHoll, MocKOADKy: 40 Kyprena 1 Megepcen # acaea 3a umn Bepuurreiitt o6pacumor tem, ‘sro 1° HI? moratt Gorrb Kax sagstero (r°, u °)), vax H nepeasiero (1° H 2) pana: 1°, > ur, 1%; > ul, 22 > ir, [° > il. TA. Manuncxntit pas- AWune B pepAekcax OOpaCHSeT NaAaTaansauHell H AaGuaxnsaumell 1° H I: nanaraanaonannpie 1° 4 |? mepeutan sir / il, a Aabuaamzonanupie 1° al? nepeuust pur / ul. O6wenpausroli town spesus Ha ator BonpoC B Hayke Her. ‘Tenep» pacemorpun rpumept. He. *mn‘fi-s ‘wonmaenne’ > aar. mens ‘ys, mmuuaenue’, ror. gamunds ‘namsry’, xr. mintis ‘metcan’, npotocaas. *po-min-a-tei Ve. *hr'd- ‘cepaue’ > rpex. xapSta, rar. con-cordia ‘coraacue’, nporocaas. *sird- Hee. *wl"kwos ‘noax’ > ror. wulfs, nporocaas. *vilkos. ® Cu: Bepmumetin C.B. Yas, cox, C. 155—158. 41§ 5. Tepexoa *m > *n B nporocaanauckom aabixe a5yK *m B Kone cAora nepemtea » *n; TOT Nepexon Hanecrent H GaxTHiickiM sabiKaM, 1 HeKoTOpbIM HEIA0eD- poneficxum. Tax, 8 opme 1 a. en. x. aopucra n-e. *grébsom > npo- TOCA. *grdbson, To me B opMe BUH. 1. eA. +4. H-e. *rékam > NpoTOCA. *rakan § 6. Mpeo6pazonanne yaapenir TIpotocaasaricxoe rononce (myspikaabtioe) yaapenne sameraeten curonbm (KpoMe HeKoTOperx roROPoB NipacaaBAHIcKOro — 6yAyILNK cepGoxopparcKnx W caoseHcKix ronopor). MuorouacaeHtbte cAenbt crapoit cuictempt yaapeHus CoxpaHAHc® B TOM HAH HHOM BILAe B CO- BPeMeHHDIX CAABANICKUX AabIKAX, HO Mbt OrpaHHTMHMeR OAKHAM TpHMe- POM Ha pyccKoro ssbika, B mpoTocaanAlicKHX AMTOHTHMECKHX CoNeTa- MAX ¢ AOATUMH raacHBIMH * OF, * Gt, *er, *el yaapentHe 6E1A0 BOCKO- ARIJHM; STOMY BOCXOAMILeMY YAApeHHO B PYCCKOM ABbIKE COOTBETCTBYET Yaapene Ha BTOpOM FAACHOM B TAK HasbIBAeMbIX MOAHOTAACHEIK COue- ‘TaHHAX: -opo-, -000-, -epe-, -ene-, HANPHMeP, sopona, Goaomo, werom. B rex ase coueranunx c KparkHMHt FAacHEIMH YaapeHtHe GbIAO tcxonA- 1WHM; eMY Terlepb B PYCCKOM sabiKe COOTBETCTBYIOT MOAHOTAACHTELe CO- NeTaHWA C YaapeHHeM Ha MEPBOM FAACHOM: sopoN, ropox, soxomo, mo- 04, Geper § 7. Yupowenne B CHCTeMe CMBIYHSIX CorAacHsIx B migoenponelicxom npasabixe HeKoTopble cMBINHBIE CorAacHbIe MMeaH AOnOAHITTeADHYFO APTHKYARYHIO B BHAe OryGAeHHOcTH (Aa6Ha- ANsayMM), NpHAbIXAHAA HAM Toro It ApyroTO OAHOBpeMEHHO: “B+, *dh, “pA, th *e', “he, tg, te". Tlowru no cex untoenponelickix asbikax TPOHSOUIA HEMeHEHHe aTHKK cornactK GoHleM: HAH yerpattemmte 0- TOAHHTeADHOi apTAKYARIIH, HHOrAa conpoBomaBleecH HaMeHeIieM kaviecraa dbovtemb, HAK ripespayjene zonoaHHTeADHO‘ aprHKyANNH B camocrosreasnyio «poten: a Hee Can. Tew. Jar. aor. Tporocaan. a a ‘© é *E [om [os f f ? a dh 8 S@ d *d [mos t 7 7 “fh x fh 8 *@ a kh x Gg A *ch +k ke’ RtL qu hw wk ve [es [brs | euve | bw "2 *e [eke | ox | foug | Rewew "E Paccmorpum npumeptt, *th: mporocaas. *beram > cr-ca. Be)& —catickp. bharami — rpex tp — sar. fero: *d': mpotocaas. *rudéti > phABTH —cancKp. rudhirah — rpex. epvepdc; ‘ph: nporocaae, *pdna > ct-cs. WEHA —catteKp. phenah; npoTocaas. *polika > ct-ca. NoaHlja — caricKp. phalakam ‘nocka’ — rpes. opéhas ‘cxameinxa’; *P: nporocaan. *kostis > CT-cA. KOT — calieKp. asthi ‘kocTs’ — rpex. bortov; ‘gh: mpotocaan. *migla > ct.-cA. MAINA — caHickp. meghah “rywan’ — pew. Sty ‘OGAaKo"; “Kk: mporocaas. *sacha > pyc. coxa, coxambtii — cavicxp. sakha ‘perka’ — ror. hoha ‘naye’; “es porocaan. *keto > cr-ca. KATO — caHieKp. kas “kro” — rpew. til — aar. quis — ror. hwa; "gh: mpotocaan. *genas > cT-cA.ieHA— caHickp. jani ‘eynpyra’ — rpes. ‘yor — ror. gino; "g"*: npotocaan. *geravus > cT-cA. KAPABR ‘packanenbiit” — cavicKp. gharma ‘wapa’ — rpex. Bepbg — rar. formus. Taxus o6pasom,npotocaas. *k *n: *usypnontei > CT-CA. OYCBUATH, Cp. CAMATH. Coxeranna *1n, *dn (ay6u0% + sy6uoit) > * OYBANATH (cp. pyc. yernyme), cp. OYRAAATH. Coxeranun *1m, *dm (sy6xoit + ry6Ho-ry6uolt) > *m: *pledmen > TAMA, cp. NAoas. Coueranue *hv (ry6.-ry6uoli + ry6.-ay6uoil) > *b: *obvolkom > *obolkom > OBAAK®, Cp. pyc. soroKy, o60r0uKa. Couetane *skn ynpoctunoce, 1lo-BHAHMOMY, BcAcacTEHe caoeli ‘TpyasonpousHocumocTH B *sn: *toiskno > TREMO, cp. THEKATH. Bee ant coveratin we Hapymmaan sakoHa pocxoamipell sBysniocrH, TOsTOMY MOXKHO NpeANOAOAHTD, TO HX YNpOIMeHHe NpoHSOIAG 70 Hawana ero aelicrouia; B TpoTHBHOM cayae o1H GoLAK Obt cOxpaHeHtbt CHAOIO aToro SaKoHa, KOTOpbIii HHOrAA AaKe BbINYAKAAA pasBHTHe He- STHMOAOTHYCCKHX COCAACHBIX, KaK, HaN|pHMeP, B CAOBE CTPAM, TOABKO AAA Toro, ¥TOGBI BByuHOCTH MAABHO BospacTana, Virak, mor paccmorpeau te @overHueckHe HaMeHeHHs, KoTOpbIe *uvendnonti > B TeYeHHe TIPHGAHSHTEADHO ABYX C MOAOBHHOML THIER AeT — CO Bpe- ‘MeHH pacnaja uHACesponelicKoro Npasspika AO BOSHUKHOBeHHA Cob crpentto caanaticoro (npacaapstickoro) aabika B V—VI nexax no P.X. Ecat noasecta npomexyrowpili ror, To @oxevitecKyIo cHc~ TeMy NPOTOCAABAHICKOTO AWANeKTa HaKallyHe CAABAHCKOTO «BSPBIEAD Mori Tipencrasitrs 3 cAeayloiltem Buze. Tracxse ponents , , , <*>, , <>, <>, Aneronr < tai >, <*01>, < tei >, < tau >, < *ou>, Abqronrwecnne | <*er >, <*or>, <*ar>, , <*ol>, <*al >, coveratt , , , <*em >, , , , , , hur >, , <>, , , , <"k>, , , <42>, <*>, <)> Cornacemte poutens 44 Octiosnie oramn noaaeli nporocaananicKoii (poHerieckoii cH- cTempr (K MoMeHTy npeoGpaaonanna 8 npacaanaHeKutii aabik) oF uHAO- expontelickoii coctonan p HeveaHoneHiit AORTOTD H KpaTKOCTH FAACHBIX Kak otloAorHNecKOTO NpHatIaKa, TlonOAKeHHH cOcraBa A¥K(PTOHTHeCKHX Couetanuii 2a CHET HCYeSHOReHHA CAOTORDIX COHOPHBIX, YMeHuLeHHe KOAHMeCTBA CMBIMIDIX COTAACHDIX 3a CET HCHeSHOBEHHA aCTpHPOBAH- Hix H AQGHOBEARPHDIX, a TAKAKE MOMBACHHE ABYX HOBDIX poHeM — <*ch > u <*z >. Taasnof npwanioit npeobpasonanua npotocaapackoro ananewra 6axo-caapatickoro npasabika 8 oco6bili npacaaBAHcKHit AAbIK, Mbt TO- Aaraem, 6n100 aeficrane abyx oneTuueckHx saxorios. Benomitum ete P@3 xpoHoAorHio sabiKoBO! aBOAIOWHH. Flocae pacnaaa uHACeBponell- koro npasspika Ha py6ene 3—2 TaicHeAETHA BOSHIKAO GaATO-cAa- BMlcKOe EAMHCTRO — AaBIKOROE EAUHCTEO, B NIpeAeAax KOTOPOTO cy- ecTBOBAA HAH HocTerteHHO BoBHHK NipoTOCAABAHCKHit aNaneKT. Kax bt Tio,araem, » V—VI nexax no P. X. sror auarex peako npeo6paao- Baaes B caMocrosTeAbHbii AablK, HaapaNi HaMM NpacAaBAHCKHM sBbI- KOM; MOsAHAK dasa CyIJECTHCBAHIIA TIpACAABAHCKOTO ABbIKA 3ACBHIAC- TeApcTHOBAHA HCTOPHYECKH — B NAMATHIKAX CTapOCAARAHCKOH MHIcb- Memnocra. [TprasHoit sbiqenetiin NpOTOCAABsHCKOTO AMANEKTa H3 6aXTO- CAapaHICKOTO eAHHCTBA OBIAO, BEPOTHO, CTOAKHOBEHHE NpOTOCAABAH ¢ Kakofi-ro noi sTHHveckoit o6yJHOCTHIO, B pesyAbTaTe KOTOPOTO Haan Aelicraosars saKoH orkpprroro caora, npHBeaniti K cyiyectwenelimeli Repecrpoiixe celi bonerieckoli CHCTeMbI NPOTOCAABAHCKOTO AHAACK- ta. Vimeo naawine sroro aakona y CAanaH H oTcyTCTAHE ero y 6aA- Tok KAaeT peskylo rpab Merkay HX sabikami. Hayaro AelicrBHA sTo- To aakova mbt orHocum x V—V] nexam no P. X., notomy #70 uMeHHO B aro BpeMa HavuHaeTcA cAaRAHcKHi AeMorpaprueckitt BapHIR, aKC- ‘naicua caanasicraa no Enponelickofi pankusie, wapectHocTm CAABAH Kak ©co6oro Hapoaa apyrum Hapozam Exponst u Aann,C® AEKYNA 5 2 IIpacaapancxne cboueruyueckue mpoyeccsi, CBA3AHHBbIe C ACUCTBUCM 3aKOHOB BHYTPUCAOTOBOrO CHHTapMOHU3Ma U BOCXOASINeH 3BY4HOCTH. Al cite nop Goins pacemonpent Te dporientieckne npoyecces, KoTOpbIe patoenansiciuit nuareicr nepowmas 9 cocrape 6aATO-CAABAHCKOTO Mpa ‘3bIKa, NpHCHeM BMeCTe CO MHOC APYTHM migoenponeficKiONt sta sighive AByx c noAoBuHot ToIcA Aer, To ects 20 V—VI nexon to P. X. B V—VI sexe, kar mt yake ropopuAs, npoaoWeA «cAanmHC- rei mannan. Aremconti BoipanettieM aTOTO «Bapsina» 6BIAO TO, NTO Ha- ‘sens aeficroosaTy saxoHbt sHYyTpHCAOTOBOTO citHrapMoHNaMa HL BOCKOR- tuelt sey-niocr. Tpupoaa anax sakonon Takopa, To on HAH aeficTBy;IOT, 10 ne nelicrayton, Ho ott He MoryT noaHtuKare nocrenesto". Banay aT0- 0 Mot 1 npeanonaraem HaWIHe B HCTOPYN «CAABAHEKOTO BSPIBAN, KOTO- poe moxTBepaaacTes # arHoKyabrypronet aaron (cx. Aexuon0 1). Bakoust socxoastiedi seysHocTH H BHYTpcAoroBorO CHtTapMOHESMA BBIREAUAH NOTOCAABAHICKHi AMANeKT 13 APYTHX AHtaAeKTOB 6aATO-cAa- BAHICKOTO npamabika H NpespaTHA ero B OcoGbI NpacAaBAICKIN AaDIK. ‘Sra sakaust conepuitan HacroanKo cymecreeHHyio repecrpolixy Go- HeTHYeCKoit CHCTeMDI, “10 HeROaMOMHO YaKe TOBOOHTS O BOStHE Jabike Kak AMAAeKTe GaaTo-cAaBAHCKorO. Ham vrenepb HaqAexKHT pac- CMOTpeTb, KakOBbI %e GbIAH NOCAeACTBHA AelicTBHA BTHX BaKOHOB, Tleppesié saxon, xoropeii ayaa aeficrnosarh » V—VI nexax 1 npe- 'paTHA npoTocaasaiicKHil avanekT GaATo-cAaBAmcKorO npansoma B Npac- * Xora a maysnoii ateparype ecto 1 Hvasl To¥Ka apetutA: smorHe ceWHaAHcres "Npeamowrraior rosopir He 0 2aKOWaX, a 0 TeHACHLIAK K BHYTPHCAOTOBOMY CHITapMO- nusugy Hnocxoamyselt auyutiocn, kovopote AcTicrDobaA m TCYCHME O*CHID AAMIEADHNY "SpeMent i Anus HocTenenHo npuBeAs x TepecTpofine suyKOWOli CHCTEMBI pacAauat- cxoro saoixa (em: Bepauumteiin C.B. Yxas. cov. C. 167). O qurocopensts npeano- ‘CoIAKAX sTOHl TONKH ape roBOPHADCD B TIPEAYICAOHE, 46 Aanmicitit maou, — BAKO BHYTPHCAOTOBOTO CHHTAp- Mon #3 Ma. Sror saKoH Tpe6oBaA, sTOODI B MpeeAax CAOrA CONETAAHCH Spyxnt GanaKoil soubi o6pasonanus. Bereacrase BToro Hapyulaloyyio Aasmwsii saxon oKasaAHcb CONETAIT ZaQUERABTHHDIX COTAACHBIX C FAACHDI- MH nepeanero pana, a Taki coveTantin coraacebix c coraacibim [ j } # Hecaorosbim raaciim [ i ] > [j }- B peayawrare aeiicraua saxona siryr- ‘Buicaorosoro ciirapMoHMa 3TH COTAACHbIe NOABEPFAHCb CMAITHEHHO, HAH Raxaranssaynt. Baatensbranble COrAaCHEIe HCTIbITaAH Tp! CMATMeMILA B CO- NeTaHax c TAACHDIMIE NepeAHerO Aga, a TakXKe, HApAAY ¢ APYTUMM CO- TxacHEme, — Tak HasbIBaenyio FioroByIo ManaTannsaysno: NepByio H j- nyin — 0 Havana aelicrona saKoHa BocxoAmtelt 3BY'HOCTH, BTOPYIO H ‘Tperoto — nocze Havana ero AelicTaHs. Bropoim saxovroM, ripespaiiaumnie npoTocaanaHcKutt AManeKT B ripac- Aapancnuii aabik, 6b1A 3aKOH BHYTpUcAOTOBOMK BocKoAAUIelt aByHHOCTH. ‘To, sro stor saxon Haan AelicTBopath Nocae Hatana AeMicTBHA Sakon Euyrplicaoronoro cHHrapMoHHaMa, AokasbiBaeTcA oven poco. FTpoToca. *vonja > von'a, *zemja > zeml’a (cr-ca. BOHTA, ZEMAIK); ECAH Obt xPO- HOAOTHECKH MepBbIM Haan AelicTBOBATb aaKOH BOCXOARII! aByIHOCTH, to *vonjanepenno oi 8 *vaja (*BmIN), a *zemja nepeUsAo 6st B *zeja (Zama). Hanomun, 470 B HHoeBponelicKoM npasabiKe CAOTH MOrAH ObITh kak OTKpHITbIMH, TAK H 3aKpbITBIMH, BeKoH BoCKOAMelt SBy'IHOCTH fO- ‘ypeGonaa, sTo6I Bce CAOTH craAH oTKpErTBIMH. OTKPbITbIe CAOTH MIpOTO- GAaBsHICKOTO AHAACKTA TAK H OCTAAHCD OTKPDITBIMI H HKAKHX HaMenie- Inuit He npereprieatt; 3akpbITbIe 2ke CAOTH CTAAH PaCKPBIBATHCA, NIPHYEM B ancHMOCTH OT TIOAOIKeHHA CAOTA B CADBE H OT OGpaayrOKyNNX CAOT aBy- ‘kop 370 PACKPHITHE POHCKOAHAO T10-pasHOMY. § 1. Mepsas naaaraansayust ‘3AAHEASbIYHBIX COTAACHBIX cau saantenaprnie cornactitie oxaabinanlich Henlocpeacraet- Ho Tepes rAacHDIMH NepesHErO pana, TO MeCTO Hx O6pasoBAHHA cMeILa- Aocb arepea B mepeaHeneGuylo (naraTaxDHyt) s0Hy; pH aTOM OHH HSMeHHAH He TOABKO MecTo O6paz0BaHHA, HO H cnoco6: *k > uw’, 7. e. papninnot craa Markoit adippHKaToit; hg > d'z > 2,7. . papnibHoll craa chavana agyppuKarol, a save Markolt uunmeli ppHkaTHBHolt dponemoit; 47Creacreuem nepeoii x j-onolt naxaraansaynit apuatch coBcTBeHtO caapatickne tepenopanin coraacutx: k /é, g/ 2, ch/§, t/5't', dé 187,212, skI SU, st 8'V, 2g /#'d", 2d/2'd’. Hanpumep: «puns — KpHYATH, KOR — BONE, AOYK — AOVIME, BATA — BPAMLATH, BOAHTH— BomAb, HOCHTH — MOUIA, KOZA — KOKA BARCK — BABIICTA, MACTR — OTAMBIATH, MOZ™A — MOKAAM', FBOZAR — MIPHTROMACH 1 Ap. § 3. Yrpara xoneunnix coraacHerx Onnum 3 npompaennii sakona oTKpbrroro cAora GbiAa yTPaTa KO- resmpix coraactisix. Ecaw aaxpprrbtii cor 6b1A f10cAesHHM B CxOBE, TO ero packporTve saxAowaAdcb B TOM, ‘To nocAemHMit coraacsiit orna- aan, yrpauupaaca. Hanpumep: nporocaas, *gosli-s > recTb; cp. Aar. hosts; npotocaas. *plado-s > *plodu-s > naox; npotocaas. “pade-t > maat (3 A. ea. 4. aopucta); nporocaas. *pado-n > *padun > naan (1 A. ex. 4. aopicta), cp. rpex, oépov, caxtexp. bharam. Flockoabky Ko- Heunptit COrAacHbiii 6bIA HAH OKOHYaHHeM HAH 4aCTbIO OKOHYAHHA, TO Goree nloApo6Ho MBI 6yzem ToBopHtTb 06 BTOM B pasmeAe MopmPoAorHH. § 4. Bosrmxnonenne nporernuecknx *j u *v Mb yase ronopHan 0 TOM, HTO B Ha¥aAe CAOBa MOrAa yrloTpeGARTD- © MaAeKO He BCRKAH TAACHAR CoHeMA, HTO MepeA GOABUITHHICTBOM 13 Hux paapuBaaca npoteruuecknit spyx [ *) ] nan [ *s ]. Mpwanuoit MORBACHHA STHX NpoTes ObIA SaKOH BOCKOAMYelt SBYYHOCTH, TO ECTS CTpeMAeHHe K TOMy, ¥TOGI Gore SBYYHOH oHeMe npeamIecTBOBANA MeHee SByHast; TAKHMH Melee SBYYHDIMH 110 OTHOUIEHHO K TAACHDIM (ponemam Gian donempt u < v >. Tpumeppt cm. B aexume 2. § 5. Paspymenne Ancroxros Kax uspecttio, nporocaapaicraiit azanekt 6axTo-cAaBAHCKOrO Mpaa- abika ynacaeroBaA 13 uiuAoeBponelicKoro pa ancpronros. Bo BcskoM ‘audroure nepabtit aAeMeHT aBAReTCA CAOTOBDIM, a BTOPOH — HecAoro- DbIM, ptt atom cAoronoi sAeMereT mBAteTcA Gonce SBYYHIM, eM HECAO- rosoit, B cuay sT0ro andproxirn npoTHBopesHAK npHHUNTY BocKoame By¥HOCTH Ht MloTOMy loaBeprAKIcs paspymieno. PackperrHe cAoroB C 50 ugrourast npoHCxOAHAG ABYMM MYTH — B BABHCHMOCTH OT TSH” ona. Noxon epea rAAcnbIMH HecAgroBolt BByK MpeBpalLianct B coraacnpiit (*i > *j, *u > *v) m oTxoAHA K cAeayiouleMy COTY: heiactei ‘merits’ > ka-ja-ti = KAMATH: *hou-a-tei > ko-va-li = Ko BATH, B noaowextn nepen coraackbinit HB a6CONIOTHOM Kote CAOBA AMCD- ‘tour nonogimorusupoaaauch, TO ecb rpespauyansich B OOEMDIE TAA tote poxienbt: *oi, *ai > @ (1) npn wocxoamuel: wrrowauyat (re. eco a a *o Goan zara) 1 oi, *ai > i mpy Hvcxoasmelt MHTOHA- tm You, au > u; ¥eu > ‘u. PaccMorpym mpuepbt: npoTocaas, *hoi-na > *kdna > BHA cp. AKT. Raina ‘wosmesaste, wets hou-am > jg, = KOYR: *poi-e-te > po-je-to = noKeTs. Ho “poi-sne > pa-sn nicttt; *na stoloi > na stold = HA cron: ep. rpes. él AiBor "Ha KAM He’; *stoloi (unt. 11. mit. 4.) > stoli = eTOAH, cp. Tpes. tvopanot ‘NOAH’; %yei-dos > *veidus > *veide > vide = BHAB, cp. Tpet. eiB0c; oie > slufi = coy ‘Gorm wanecrita’, Ho *slou-o-s > slovo = «aoBe.*zeima > i : eto. a apres zuronron vos rom, cOBeTBIO caapmmonte depenowaria 8 Kopriax: oj / a: now — MTEL aj / 4: KAM. ‘TH — BHA: o@ / ys NAKA — NAVYTH AP. § 6. Bropan manaraausayns 3aAHeASbIMHBIX corAacHbix Tlocae npeo6paa0naitiia AMq/TOHTOB H BOSHHKHOBEHHA HOBPIE raac- wx nepenwero pana d i (Ti) sagnexabrinte coraacibte MOABEDT- vob propo nanaranvaaugtn, B oAoweHH MepEA BTHMI FAACH "tk > c: nporocaan. *pl°koi > *pl°ki > ploci = manys (im. 1. wis, 4,); npotoca. *hoina > *kana > YBN; stg > de (S):mporocaan. *mogoite > mogdte > modsdte= wosTe (2a... nopenie Hax.); npoToca. Xnogoi > nagd> nodka= west -wect. 1. ea. a. P.)3 aes npoTocaas. sete > *duchi > dusi = aoyent (sas. 4. p.) B tomnio- 4 BOCTOYHOCAaBAHCKOM AAACKTAX MPACAABAHCKOTO AAbIKA propokt nanatannayittrlonneprAaich TakaKe coerasit “hu, “go > U6. sg: npotocaas. *kvoilos > *kvdtu > cvdte = YBRTA; mpotocaan. sequoizda > "gvazda > devdzda = SBWIAA: cp. noxber. kwvial, gwiazda, a 51vem. kvet, hvezda. Coveranue *chv > sv: npotocaas. *vl°chvoi > * vl°chvi > vl°svi = BaRCRH (uM. m1. MH. 4). Crtopuiiat 8 rayne ABASETEH BOT|pOC O KAYECTBE BOSHHKUIMX COrAac- uptx [¢ ], [ dz J, ['s ]: oanm noaarator, wro 3TH coraactbie Gian Mar- Kini, ORHAKO ecTD BeECKHe OCHOBAHH CHHTAT HX TBEpABIMHL, NOAYKB- MMi NosHUMOHHyto NOAYMETKOCTD Meper rAactIMH nepeattero pana”. Beaeacraue storo tepmint mopar natamanusayur He orpaxkaer acii- CcTitreabHoro npoyecca, MosToMy, COXpaHtiA ero B CHLAY HHCTOpUNeCKOit RHADIMHOCTH, HYAKHO NIpHBHAT YCAOBHBIM OGosHaeHHeM OSHLAHOH- Horo BapbHpoBaHHs dbonem , , nepeg Hoppimn raac- monet [4] [i]. § 7. Cmarsenne rpymm coraacsprx Tepe TAacHbIMM TepeaHero pasa Tlanaraansaunu noapepraaich He TOAbKO OTAeAbIIELE SazitensBIt- ble, Ho HeKoTOpbIe CoveTaHHA COrAACHDIX, B KOTOPbIe BKOAUA SamHe- AabIUMbIe, MpHIeM 9TO CMATMeHHe HAGMOAANOCD KaK Tepea HCKOHHEIM i, ynacaenosantsi Hs MpoTOcAaBsicKoro, TaK H repeat ANCpTOHTHeC- KOTO NpOHCKOHAeHUM; CHO, HTO STH ABA THN CMATMEHIA NpOUCKOAH- AW B paatioe Bpems, 1) *sk > w'm’: npotocaas. *voskitei > npacaap. *voit iti (cr-ca. Bo WHITH), cp. BoeKA,pyc. sock, eouumo: *2g > x'a': npotocaas. *mezgitei > npacaas. *meid'iti (ct-ca. wBRAHTH ‘caaGers’), cp. pyc. npomoseavili; 2) *Rt > w'm': nporocaan. *pektei > npacaas. *pekli > *pes''i (cr- CA. Me), ep. MEK; B BOCTOUHOCAABAIICKOM AHaAeKTe NpACAaDAHIC- Koro sabika peayabrar avoii nanaraansauv Goin unin: *ht > o *pekti > newu, pyc. new; *gl > um’: mporocaas. *moglei > npacaan. *mogli > Moypt, cp. MorA; B pocTosHOCAaBAHCKOM AHaAeKTe *gl > u's *mogti > mow, pyc. Mow»; B sanagHocaaBaticKom auanexte *ht, *gt > c: rloAbcK. ieé, moé © Cut: Bepmumeiin C.B. Yaa, cov. C. 201—202 52 § 8, Paspymenne ancronrmueckux coueraHnii ¢ HOCOBBIMM COHQPHEIMH can aipronrimecke coveTaliist ¢ HOCOBBIMH COHOpHbIMH 6pas0nbl- BaAH BaKpbrTBtli CAOr, To OH MOA BosAelicTBHeM BaKOHA OTKPEITOTO CAOTA pacxpoteancn yrs npenpaleiin Toro COWeTaHHA B OMHY HasaAbiyio (Ponewy, a aermo:coveraminc racer nepeaeo pa ¥en, em, ¥in, im > ¢ (A); coverana ase c raactbini Henepemsiero psa *on, *om, un, #um, ¥an, fam > q (2m) (raacibte B coveTaHx MOTAK GorT> KaK oarioat, Tax 1 xparkina). Hanprotep: nporocaan. *sven-tos > svet> (BATS, cp. ANT. Sventas; npoTocxas. *men-lei > meli = marti; *mon-ka > maka = wxKA; W-e. *p6-m'ntis > npotocaas. *pa-min-li-s > pamete AMATR, cp. Aar. mens ‘yet, moatrcse’s npoTocaan. *zom-bo-s > zabo ABB, cp. Mpes. yopoc, ant. Zambas. ee Coxeranus *in, *im < w-e. caorospix conoprbrx *n , *m_ B aaK- pbrrow caore npeoGpasoubisanich B HocoRyto ouemy , HaripuMep: nporocaan. *hm®stos > *kim-slo-s > *cimstos > éeste = c7-cA.YACTB, cp. aur. kimstas ‘wa6ur'; we. *dek'm*tis > nipotocnas. *de-sim-ti-s > CT-CA. ACCATH, €p. AU. desimt Boaumxnonerme Hoconbix TAackibox RPOHCXOAHAD Yoke noche YrpaTB KOMEHIBIX COAACHBEX, NOSTOMY HOCOBDIX HET B TaKINK, HaNpUMeP, ‘POp- wax, Kak Bie. Hex, %. Tana “plodon > *plodun > plods (a we *ploda). Beaeacraue npeoSpasosanua ampronruseckix coveraniit B HOCo- hte (PolleMbI BOSIIKAH HOBBIe THR COGCTHEHHO CAABAHCKHX Hepeno- atti: on, om / a: in. im/e: ¢/ a: om. on/e w ap. Hanprtep: 2801 / AKA < nporocaan. #zvon-0-s / *zvon-k-o-8; NOMMMATH / NAMATI CRRNMATH / KATH: MATH / MAKA § 9. Tpersa nasaraansayus ‘3AAHEASBIIMBIX COPAACHBIX Baanenapenmie corraciie ® NOSHHK NocAE HeKOTOpHDE FAacHNX nepeauero paaa u caoronoro naastioro [ r° ], npoweweaurax wa *F> i (u), *F> » (h), *in > ¢ (a), *ir > gs, Nomsepraance nepexony vuarate coneraie: *k > €, *g > dz’, *ch > s'. Onnaxo ororo nepe- xoua He 6bLAO, ECAH 3aAHesabMHbIt HaXOAHACH Tepe TAACHBIMH npacaas. *oveca (ct-ca. oBhYA); nporocaas, *pologa > npacaan. *polvza (cr-cA.NOAbZA.cp. ABTAKB, rae g nepen >); nporocaan. *mirkalei > npacaan. *mracali (cr-cA. MpRIATH. cp. panna, rae k nepean). B crapocaassickom sabike HMeeTCH, OAHAKO, PAA CAOB, TRE NpO- H9OUIAa TpeTHs MaAaTaAMSaLyA, XOTA YCAOBIIE AAR BTOTO He GDIAD, H, a0GopOT, He MpOHBOUIAD MaAATAAHSAlIMH, XOTH BCE YCAOBHIA AAR Hee Goi HAANYO; TaKHe HCKAOYeHHA OGDIAHO OGpscHAIOT AeiicTaHeM rpaMt- Marieckoit anaAcruy, KoTopoe HHOrga GbiBaeT cHAbHeE AeliCTBHA (po- netiseckoro aakona. Hanpumep: npotoca. *keningos > mpacaan. *konege > KaMASh, xoTs aTOTO Mepexona GoITm He AOAMKHO, NOCKOAD- Ky g naxonHca nepen ® (oKoHYaHHe b TlomBHAGc® TlocKe TIepexona *g > dz’ (5); ecaw Got 310 oKoHMaHHe Geto HcKoHHEIM, TQ *g NOABEprACCD Got 1-ii maxaraansaynn; cp. KBUATBINH, rae g nepea i); stor nepexon B ope 104. 1. e7, ¥. COCTORACH Moa, aHaAorHectuIM BOaAelicTEHEM OPM kocnenHnix naqenseit, 8 KOTOPEIX GrIAK BCe HeOOXOAHMDIe YCAOBHIA AAA 3-eli nanaraanaaygm: *koninga, *koningu, *koningome > wanasta KRHASW, KRHASERES. ‘Avmormeckoe soaneficrane o6pamioro caoficrea Mbt Bio, HanpHMep, B dope npoToca. “oukenika > npacras. *udenika, rae *k nocre *i nepea *a u qousni0 Geno nepeliTa 8 c, omHaKO He NepeLAO NOX BAREIHEN CbopN! va. oye, rae h nepea 2; 10 me B popMax aaT. H TB. naaeaKel. ‘Tperea nanataansayin HaHGOAee MOCAeAOBATEABHO N1POHZOIIAA B JOMSHOCAABAHCKOM AHAAEKTE NpACAABAHCKOTO RAbIKA H BecbMA HeMOCAe- opaTeAbHO B BoCTONHOCAaBAHCKOM AHaAeKTe. TTocAe MpOHHKHOBEHHA CTapocaansHickinx CAOB B pYCCKHi AKTepaTypHBAi abIK B HEM TOABHACE 54 crumerdectne nappt Acouya — AcevKa, sepoyaro — sepoKaro, pockauyamu — kauxamu, nogeusamuct — Aeuramucn, 6pxya- mu — 6paxamu, npoxuyamu — npoyuxamu, cocmasamucs — mazamucs 4. 1. § 10. Paspyurerme aucpronruseckux coueTaHUi C AaBHbIMK B CepeAHHe M Ha4ane CAOBA Aprouruneckue coveranna *or, *ol, *er, *el B noxonkennt ne- pen cornackbinit oGpasuunisant saxporsit caor, Hanpumep: *golva, *borda, *bergos. Ton aeficranem saxova oTKpbrToro cAora packpbrTHe STHX CAOTOB B NPACAABAHCKOM sabIKE MPOHCKOAHAO rIyTeM MeTaTeSbI (nepectanioski) raacuofi corsaciolt ouem; pH STOM ripoHtcKOAHAO : *golva > glava =raasa (cp. aur. galva, aar. calva “aepen’); *borda > brada = spaaa (cp. ar. barzda); *hergas > Bridge = Bpbra (cp. repm. berg ‘ropa’); *berza > brdza = BpwiAa (cp. amr. berfas); *melkos > mldko = waxo (cp. aura. milk), Coueranua pa. Ad, 9B. AE: B Cepeaiite cAoBa B CT-CA, AABIKE MPH navo HaspipaTm Henoanovnacnoimu. B pocrosHocAapanicKom avaaeKTe ‘npacaaBAHCKOrO AabIKa HM COOTBETCTBYIOT NOANOLAACHbIe CONETAHHA 090 ane. €46- C640, B BocTOSHOCAABAHCKOM AHAACKTE PACKPDITHE 32K DpbITpix CAOTOB C AMA/TOHTHECKEMH CONETAHHMAMIE C MAABHBIMI MPOHCXO- ‘AWAo MIyTeM pasBHTHA PAaCHOTO MPHBBYKA TIOcAe NAaBHOTO, KOTOPBIH 3a~ ‘Tem ripesparaaca B rAactbit riaaHoro o6pasoBanti: *golva > gol"va > golova = zoroea; *bergos > be“go > berege = Gepero 7. 1. “Taxon 069290M, CTapOCAABRHCKHM HeTONHOTAACHIM COMETAINIM COOTEET- ‘cruyior BOCTOSHOCAGBAHCKHe NOAHOTABCHDIE, NOSTOMY B CAOBAXTIRABKAA, CAST, BAT Herioniorxaciox coverattat Her, TaK KAK HB BOCTOSHOCAAEALCKOM _anesTe Mbt HaXOAM Te ae CAOBA Npasn., cAa6E, CparrrD. B noanckom aabike Takske npouBoMIAa MeTaTesa, OAHaKO Ges yA- aunenua raacoli: broda, bricza, glowa, mleko Paspyutenne soupronrnecnin coveratmil ¢ HAABHIMEK B HaNANe CAD- pa. Coueranua *or, *ol, 5 Havare cAoba Mepe CorAacHbIMH choHeMaMit oSpasoobimann saKpbmbiit cAor H noARepraAHCh peoBpasosattto, B npac- [AABAHICKOM fiabiKe TIPOMCXOAVAA MeTaTeaa PorieM c yaAHeHHeM rAacHoit: *or> ra, *ol > la, npities Hesasnicrvo or varrovayyar. Hanpromep: *ortajo > 55ralajo= gaan ‘naxaps’, ¥ordlos > ralo= pane, wo orali=opatH ‘naar, rae couerane “or 8 nosHUnH nepen rAacHoi He MlOmBeprarch HaMette- Mo; cp. mpey. dpoo ‘nary’, épétns ‘naxape’. Exe npymep: *ormos > ramo = paulo ‘naevo’, cp. rat. armus ‘sonata’; *olkalei > lakali = Aaka- TH ‘omywjatp rorog’, cp. aur. alkti; *olkome > lakome = saxon. B HeKOTOpbIX foKHOCAABAHCKHX OBOPAX ObIA H Apyro! crioco6 pacKporTHA ‘BaKPbITOTO CAora, a HMeHHO — pasBHTHe PeAYUMPOBAHHIOTO OCAe TIAaB- noro: *olkati > alokati = aNBKATH, AARYKEA. Bnpowem, HeKoTopble 3bt- ‘Koseqbt BuaurT B cAoBax Tana alkali coxpanieHue UCKOHHOTO aaKpBrTorO CAoTa a oKpalHax CAaBAICKOTO Mupal®, B apyrux auanexrax npacaansnickoro sauika peayabrar npeobpaa0- parma Haaabubtx *or, *ol sanucea oT mrToHaUMH: non BocKoAmes MHTOHAYHeM Y BOCTONHDIX H 3anaAHDIX CAABAH pesyAbTaT ODIA TOT ze, To Wy 1omsHBIX (T. €. 8 CT-CA. sapiKe), a Hog HHcOAAIBell mronaynelt Y BOCTOWNDIX H SanamHDKX CAABAH MeTaTesa (PoHeM He Componorsaarach yanusiennem raactoii, To ects Yor > ro-, a *ol > la-: *orvenos > roveno, CT-CA. PAKBH9, 1p. -pyc.posbHo, NOAbCK. rowny; *orstos > rostus > roste, CT-CA. pACTB, Ap.-pye. pocme, noabcK. rosly; *oldiji > lod-, cT-cA. AA- AHH, Ap.-pyc. 2oa@Ka, noabcK. lodziowy ‘aonounpiit’; *olkutis > locoto, CT-CA. AAKBTh, AP.-pye. 2ok~@me, noAnek. okie’ § 11. Usmenenna coueranniit PeAYUMpORAaHHIX C AABHEIMH M@XKAY COrAACHBIMM B crapocaaaHckoM a3bike eCTb COWETAHHS PeAYIMPOBAHHBIX 'h Hb € MAABHDIMHE A Hp, KOTOpBIe Ha niicbMe He pasAMHaAHCD, xOTA NIpOHS- Hocuiaueh 1lo-pastiomy. Pastioe npoustouleHue orpaxkaer HX pasHoe nponcxomaenne, Tak, Hanpumep, CAoBO NIPkETA nIpousHIocHADCE co caoroabim naasibin: [np°-cTb], a CAOBO RPACTA MpOHSHOCHAOCE co cAOTOBBIM peayuHponanntim: [Kpb-crp]; B O60nX CAYYARX, KaK BHAHM, CAOTH NloAMMUAANICD 3aKoHY BospacTaioiLelt suyuHocTH. SameTaM, 470 2 pyccKoM mapike cAOBaM CO CAOTORDIM MAABHBIM COOTBETCTBYIOT cAOBA € couerantes -o2-, -op-, -ep-, -e/-: MPhETA— nepem, BARNA — eo2- Ha, FPAAR — 20pAi cAoBaM >Re CO CAOTOBDIM peAYYNPORAHHIM COOT- % Cue: Beprumeiin C.B. Yaa. cou. C. 225. 56 BETCTBYIOT CAOBA ¢ COMETAIMAMH -pO-, -20-, -pe-, =€-: BPABL— 6posn, © KpscT’A — xpecm, BABA — Groxa. Srusin coorwercrmHsNH MACHO oAbsoBATCA, HTOGD OfpeAeAHTD, KaKoil, sBYK GoIA CAOTOBLIM B CTa~ POCAABAHCKOM cAoBe — TIAABHIl HAH peayuMpoBaHti. Tlponcxomaene crapocaapstickix CAOTOBBIX MAABIIBIX 6DIAG cAe~ ayrouum. Kak MbI TloMHM, HHAOeBpoNelicKMe CACTOBDIe MAABHBIE B TpOTOCAABAHCKOM AHaAeKTe GaATO-CAABACKOTO NIpassbIKa HSMeNKALCD ax: *7" > Sir / *ur, #1” > *il / *ul, mpwiem raactie Gotan KpaTKHt- mi: n-e. *hr°d- > nporocaas, *sird-. Kax sans, 6oace apysbtit raac- nbifi *i npeamectaonaa mertee anystiomy maasnomy *r, Tlocae toro Kak Hawaa aclicTBoparb Sakon RocxoAmIel sBysHOCTH, 9TH ANdproHTHHeC- xkue coveTaHHa NoABeprAHCb MpeoGpasoBartiN0, a HMeHHO TAacHbIe. 3By- xi *i w *u yrpaTHancn, a porb caorooBpasyrolyero sAemeHTa B3AA Ha ce6a naapiti: npotocaan. *sird- > npacaas. sr°d- = cphable HAH eysabye. Mot nox: uatentio Gespaaamrane 8 HanHcaHH C7 HAH & ‘okaapiBano TO, WTO 9TH OYKEDI He HMEAH SBYKOBOTO BHATEHIMA, a TH cadtich AMID AAA OBosHaNeHHs cAorosocTH MAasHoro. B 6axritiicKHx ase aabiKax, Tae He 6bIA0 BaKoHA BocKOAsIel SBYSHOCTH, 9TH AUCpTOH- THYeCKHe COMeTAHHA COXpAHHAHCb: ANT. Jirdis, ATI. sirds. Oru coot- BeTCTBHA MOKaSbIBaIOT, HO CAOTOBDIE TLAABHBIE B CTAPOCAABIICKOM A3bIKE He GIA YHacAegonaHtbt Nao HS HH¥AOeBpONelicKOTO, ‘ITO HMI NpezIIe- cTmopana crynetty svgrrourmueckoro couerarms, [Tpupenem ene Heckoxb- Ko TpUMepOB CTapOCAABSHICKHX CAOB C PEAYUMPOBAHHDIMH TAABHDIMH HX COOTRETCTBHS B HHAOeBPOTIejiCKHX AabIKAX: phan [2p°ae] saat. gurdus ‘cays? phao [ep%0] nar. gurgulio ‘ropno’ BpbY [op*xe] npsere [np%me] sur, pirStas ‘naney BABA [es%na] aur. vilna ‘meperanoii nonce’ B socrouHocaasaHCKOM AHAACKTE MpacAaBAHCKOTO ASbIKA PACKPHITHE cAora UIAO HHBIM nyTeM: MpoTocaaB. *hirgos > Ap.-pyc. Mepwze; cp. er.-ca. Tpars [mp] vr. furgus ‘posmox’ HykHo, npapaa, 3aMeTHTb, ¥TO TaKOe BOCTOYHOCAABAHCKOE TIPO- atoulente He HauIAo MOCAeAOBATeABHOTO OTpAZKEHIN Ha THCDME: B aapenviefiuntx apesHepyccKHx naMaTHRKax riiceMextocrH (Ocrpoxtipo- pom Exanreann 1056 r., Hosropoackoit Munee 1095 r.) sctpesator- 37© ABORKHE HAMHCAHKA — mepere H mBpre, cKopbd H cKEpD6o, Mopmes H.Mopomee, nepemeH noprcme, cmeane KemesenD. Asoi- ctmcttocts wanucatia coasatia c Tem, 470 8 XI B. B pyccKOM AabiKe Havasocb Naenite peaygHpoBaltHbIx, BCAEACTBHe KOTOPOTO OAH 113-908 8 Kocpenmibix naexkax yrpaunBancs: cme4.2%6a > cmon6a, x04.0%Ma > xoama. To aanorsit ¢ KoCBeHHBIMH TlaqeaKaMH epol_YrpaTHAHCh H 8 HMeHHTeABHOM Tageme, XOTA HaXOAMAHCD B cHABHO! rlosHyNH: cm4.2046 > cmoa6 (no Tpaauunn, onHaKo, B KopHe NucaAH GyKBy ®, a He 0). OaHako B HeKOTOpBIx AMAAeKTaX pYCCKOrO mabiKa 9Ta atta AGTH He HMeAa CHABI, H TIOTOMY TaM COXpAHHADCh TaKoe rpoHSHOMIe~ Hie: MoAoHDA. XoAOM. cMo206 (oTCIOAA OCmoaoN), wepen “wepR', seepea, Kopom, Noaocme, aepeoKa”. Uro Kacaetest CAOB THN NABTh, EPBERNS, TO B HX BCE CAOTH GEIAH HaTa'iaAbHo OTKPBITDIMH, a PeAYUMPOBAHHBIC th NPOHONIAK H3 HH- Aoesponelicxux xparkix *uH *f; cpaBHum: ABTS — aur. plula ‘ToA- ran Kowa, KopKa’, GpHBRHD — ana. bridge ‘moc’. § 12. Yupowexnne rpynm coraacnprx Tlporocaanstickne coveraiiia corAacibix sByKoB, KOTOpHIe MpOTH- BOpe4HAH 3aKOHY BOSpacTalolel SBY4HOCTH, NOABEpraAHCh M3MeHEHH- aM ynpomenuast. Coveranue *ss (saymiocr 1+1, 7. e. ne nospactara) > *s: *nesso (curmaniueckuit aopucr 3 4 ea. u.) > WEE (ynpowyente rpynnit co- TAACHDIX BBIBBAAO YAAMNENHE ipeaiecrByiolyero rAactoro, cp. HECTH). Coveranme *is (anyssiocts 2+1, 7. e. y6oisana) > *s: *éitse > vHce (curmatuieckuii aopuer 3 A ea. 4. © yAAHHenHeM raactoro, cp. vyernta).. Coveranue ds (snystiocts 3+1, 1. e. y6oisana) > *s sen (wacr. ap. 20 en. %.; 6p. AAAHIB). Coueranne *ps (anysiocrn 2+1, 7. e. y6sioana) > *5: *opsa > cca; cp. ant. vapsa ‘opoa’. *dadsi > " Bayne cymectayer rouxa spetia, ‘70 riponsHowiernie MoAoKbs, mopor, x0A0%, emoso6 wt. 11. nosHWREAH We B MpachansicKyIO sHoxy m peayanTare pooSpasonsilin Peayiviponaiminox ¢ NAABENG ME;AY COFAaCHDIM, a YiKe B ApeBHEPYECKYIO SHIOXY NOCAE "MaReHNa peay\pORAHIMX B KaNlecTBe BOAMeWJeHHR yrpAXeHHIOTO KOHE'MOTO ® MAX b. Cy, naripmep: Apesnepyccras rpaxwaruxa XII—XIIl ae, M., 195. C. 147152. 58 Coneranne *bs (3+1) > #s:tgrebso > rpBen. cp. norpesarn. Coueranne *ks (2+1) > *h: *rekso > prix (aopuer 1A. en. %.), cp. 9ekm. Coneranne *ks{ (2+1+2) > *st: *Fekste > pcre (aopuer 2 a. mat, w,). Coneranne *u (2+2) > Ast: *pletii > nacern Coneranne *di (3+2) > *st:*vedti > weer. Cowerannte *pt (2+2) x *bi (3+2) > *t:*dolblon > dollo > anaro (pyc. aonomo), cp. ANBEHTH. Croeo6pazna cyap6a coueranuti *dl, *11 (ay6noit + ay6noit), Ko- Topble COXpaHHALch B RAnAANI AHAACKTAX, B IOXKHIDIX H BOCTONHDIK uaMeHHauce B*/: *mydion > mylo, (MbId0), *pletla > plela; cp. NOABCK. mydio. Camn mio ceGe 3TH co¥eTaHi He HapyUIAAH 3aKOHAa BOCXO”S- imeit asyunocru, nosToMy paaaH4ue B UX cyAbGe, BeposTHO, CBABaHO CO caoroxeaenment. B sananiisx anaaeKrax cAoropasaeA mea Mexay raac- HIM H B3PbIBHBIM CoraacHbIM: *my / dion, NoaTOMy B 3TOM CAOBE 6bIA yrpaven amu Koneunpili coraacnbtli, B roxsptx # BocTouHBIX AMAAeK- Tax cAoTOpaseA MEA MexkaY BapbIBHbIME H AaBHIM: *myd / Ion, 06a caora ObIAH BaKpbITIMH 1 06a PaCKPbIAHCD NyTeM YtparbI KOHEYHDIX coraactbt Kak sitaus, saxon orxpbrroro caora npusea K cyiecrBeHHDIM 13- MertentunM B (PorteMtoMt cTpoeHHH CABA, K HORBACHIO HOBBIX TAACHHK (orem: HocoBbix ¢ Hq, rAacHoii i < *oi, *ai wd <*oi, *ai, a TAKE K TORBAeHHHO HOBBIX BHAOS YepenoBatttt. Tax, Gaaronaps aeiicramo saKoHtos BHYTpHCAOrOBorO CHHTapMOHHSMa H OTKpbIToro CAOTa TIPOTOCAABAHICKHH AHAAEKT BLINEAHACA 13 GaATOC- AaBAHCKOTO eAUHCTSa H NpeBpaTUAcA B NpAcAaBAHCKHt ABBIK, PoHEM- Ham CHCTeMa KoTOporO NOAYHHAA rAYGOKO CBOeOBpasHble YepTHI. Ha arom mt saxon paccmorpentte zonticeMerofi ncropui «pores TpacAaBAHCKOrO ASbiKa H MepeliqemM K TeM (PoHeTHeCKHM NpoueccaM, KoTOpbIe CoBepuIaAHCh B THICbMeHHDIH NepHOA cylecTBoRAHTA Mpacna- BAHCKOTO #3bIKA H OTPABHAHCh B NAMATHHKAX CTapOCAABRHCKO!l MHCb- Mennocti, 0 ecto npoyeccam IX—XI nexon.& AEKYUA6 A Tipacaasancxne couneruyeckue Wpoyecchl UCTOpudecKoK 3TI0xXK § 1. Maaenme peayynponansnix— nocaeaunit mpacaassHcKuii doneruyeckui mpoyecc Tlocaenmine npacaasaricxi npouleccos 661A npouecc nanens pe- ayiponannbix poem <2 ><» >. Tlepporavaxsio ® 1b 6b1AK camocromTeAbiisinnt poHteMas, TO ecTD x CBepxkparkocTb 6btAa CMBICAOASAHMHTEADHDIM pHBHAKOM: HanpHte Mep, ¢h, TR — mecToumenin myatcKoro pona, a ¢&. To — mecromMe- sia cpeanero poaa. OanaKo @oroxorumtocte aT0ro npusiaKa GiAa PeAHKTORO!, NOCKOADKY OH Kak TaKOBOMt 6BIA yrpaveH ellie B NpOTO- caavsnicxyto roxy. Tlocrentenno exepxkparkue %, k Take NoaTAN nox stor o6yuii npouecc’®. Yrpaty cnepxKpaTKHXx & Hb TipHHATO Ha- abmath Hx NadeHeM, XOTA 970 H He COBCEM TOMHO. Peaywnposasnbte «nani, TO ecTh MOAHOCTBIO YTPATHAHCD TOABKO 8 CAAGHOX TOSHYWAX; B CHADHBIX xKe TOBKIJHAX OME KOAHECTBCHHO yBe- AWSMAHCD, a TIO KaYeCTRY CoBTIaAH ¢ FAAcHIMM MOAHOTO OGpasonaHis: Have oGeacuser nanenne peayyiponamtsx C.B.Beprurreiin. On nonaraer, ‘r7o cepxxparkite CoXpaHAANCH AO TEX Mp, OKA AeliCTROBAAA TENIREHWA K OTKPLTO- (oT caora; Kora Ke ova npecTana AelicTHOBaTm, npowsOLIAG Ngee CRepKpATKHEX; ‘Takum oGpasoM, He yrpava Peay\HPOBANNEIX BbiaBaNa TIOABACHe 3AKPDITIX CAOTOS, a aoGopor, npexpanierme aeiicraus saxona orxporroro cAora O6yCAORILAG HianeHe epoB (cat: Beprumetin C.B. Yaa. cov. C, 248249). Oanaxo uepea necKoroko crpa- |My OH HWJET 0 TOM, 4TO «BaKpEITBIE CAOTH TlORBHALCE TpemLe RCeTO B CAAAH € YTpA- ‘oli Konesmsx cpepxxparva» (ram awe. C. 258), 60 A> 0.h> 6 970 TORE MomHO HasBaTD «MlageHHeM™, HO He B Gone THMECKOM, a B POHOAOTHMECKON CMBICAE CAOBA. Tlosnyorniie sapuayyu dotem % u & — peayumponasmte bi 1H 'B cAaGDIX MOSHHAX TaKAKe YTPATHAHCD, a B CHAbIfNX COBTIAAH ¢ FAAC- pimit HoaHOrO OGpasoBanis: Bi > bi, Hi > H. B naariuxax micemeniocra najeHle peayymposarnDrx oTpaaca- AOCb TPORKHM O6Pa30M. Bo-nepestx, miciypt Nog, BAHSHHeM COBCTREHHOTO »KHBOTO T1pOHstiO- esi nponyckazU GYKBDI '& Hk TaM, Te COOTRETCTBYFOIIHE oreMbt Gpinn B caaGoHt noampn. FIpumeper na Sorpadckoro Exanreass: Horo BMECTO MAHOFS, KCEFAA BM. BAGMAA BOA BM, BhCIA. ANC BM. AbHBCh: pumepst v3 Mapunicroro Evaireana: THs Bot. ATHY, KHHAMHKE BM. KAHHARHHKA: npumepot 13 Accentanmesa Enanireait: ®TpORAX BM BBPOBAYE: NAAYET BM. NAAYET. Bo-Bropprx, oH CMelIeGAU GYKBBI Th Hb, TIOCKOABKY Te yase Hie o603HavaAH HAKAKHX 2kHBDIX orem. ITpumeppt 13 Sorpamcxoro Exan- TeAHA: CRAE BM. CHAE, ABHBCH BM. ARHKCh, MOAOSBHO BM. MOAOBAHG; ripit- epi 13 Mapmuuckoro Enaureass: MBZAA aM. MRZAA, BTPRIEI BM. BBphHes: npuMepor us Exmsickoro Anocroaa: ABH BM. Abt, CHAI BM. CHARI, TRMHAT BM. THUBHAS. Berperpitx, mcypr nucanH OyksbI 9 H€ BMECTO GyKB' Hh TaM, Te 2TH oHembt GEA B cHABHO! noamynu. FIpumepst Ha SorpadeKora Enanreann: 1pHWEAR BM. NIHUBAD, BHCEPR BM. KHCKPA: NpHMepDE 1 Mapunickoro Evanreaus: SpA BM. BTSPAHB. KPEIOKR BM. KPBITBKE: nipumeppt ua Enunckoro Ariocrona: AHB¢H’ BM. AHSAN. ABHECR BM. AbHbCh, TakHe Hanvcania Take oTparkalor 2kHBOe NpOHaHOWIEHHe. Hanncannst tana HIYBHAIC BM. HENBHHKe orpaxsaior onHoBpemeHHO ytpary peayyuposantoro W (HAH bl) H npespaenHe OyKB Hb B paageatTeabuble 3HaKH. Hao samerar», ro caywaes CMemIeHHA, TpoTycKoB H 3aMeH B ‘TeKCTAX CTAPOCAABAHCKO!! MHCLMeHHOCTH CpaBHHTEADHO HeMHOTO, 110- CKOADKY MHCUBI NPOULAM XOPOMIYIO BHIVUKY H MHICAAH TPAAIEHOHHO, & He B COOTBETCTBHH ¢ NpoHsHOUIeHHeM. OaHako HeGoAbIIOe KOAHMECTBO OUIMGOK OTHOCHTEADHO TpAAHYHOHHOTO HaMcaHHA CBHAETEACTBYET 0 ‘TOM, "170 B AKHBOM ToBOpE MHCyDB peayyRpoparmtax donem # XI aeKe yoke ne 6s1n0. Uyre noaxke, 2 XI—XII nexax, nanesme peayponass Bix MpOHBOIAO HB BOCTOSHOCAABAHCKOM aNaAeKTe (TOMIee cKasaTS — ike B apesHepycckKoM asbiKe). 61§ 2. FOxxnocaanaucxne ouernueckne mpoyeccsi, orpasMpInmecs B naMaTHMKaXx crapocaanancKoi nucbMeHHOCTH, Kak CRYACTeALCTBO Hayaaa pacnaga TIpacAaBAHCKOTO sA3BIKa Tlansernuxi crapocaanstickoit nicpmensiocta X—XI nexos orpa- kalor (bottemieckvie Npoyeccts, ripoviculenIHe B roBopax 1o>KHOCAABAI- CckorO AHaAeKTa TipachansnicKoro nabika. StH npoyeccbt HocstT MacTHO- auaAeKTHDMI xapakrep W cBliAeTeAbcTByIOT 0 HayaAe pacriama mpacaa- ‘BACKOrO sabika Ha oTAeAbiibe aabuxt, Mx ocratopuMcn Bcero Ha oaHoMt mpouecce — yrpate |-epentheticum. He » navare crosa Lepentheticum romviocaansickian (Goarapcrt) ropopasst yrpavets; 9T0 nportsouvo X—XI pekax, nockoabky s10 oTpastt- soc na micoue. FTpravepes w= Accevmarmieea Exarreniut KepaBi ip BAO, pt (CTANIRME, KOPABH, BAGAOREHTA, ABRAM, ADETEAIIE ZEHLA, ROZAIBERS npreve- pot ua Canarnoi: KHnTH: KOPABL, KOpAB. OCTARHIIA IPCTAAM, OCAAGCHA, EA He, BHCHNSTe, ZaNbM: npravepos Hea CyrpacatcKoit pyKOMC: AHELEAY. AO HH. OYTPABHICHT, BACKPRMBICIG, API KANBIA 1 2p. Dror npoyecc He 6H1A MpACAABAHICKHIM, OH 3ATPOHYA TOABKO 103K nocaansticKnit avaaext. Yxpara [-epentheticum stoxasbisaer, s70 5 XI BeKe HaYaAHCb YaCTHBI ABBIKOBbIE NPOYECchI, TO ecTb NpoLeccet, cBoit- CeTReHNDIE AUD HACTH CAABSICKHK sHaAeKTOB. STO BbLAO HaMaAOM pac- hagena rpacaasancKoro sabika Ha OTAEADHDIE ABbIKH, a He Ha AHa- AekTBI, Ha KoTOpBIe OM pacriagancs HatiavaabHo. C sToro MoweHrTa Ha- ‘HHaeT CBOIO 2KHIHb ApEBHEPYCcKuit HabIK, MCTOPHA KOTOPOTO HaAara- eTcA B Kypce HCTOpHYecKoii TpaMMATHKH PYCCKOTO AabIKA. MOPOOSASTHA & AEKYUATA § 1. Yacru peyn 8 crapocaaBAHCKOM A3bIKe “acta pent 8 crapochamalickoM sabike AeAsTem Ha sHaMenaTeas- ube cayae6ubie, K suanenareabibin YacTaMt pew oTHocaTes: + mera — cyectaiTexbipie, npuaaraTeAbHble, cHeTHbIe CAOBA; OHH, O6beaMHeHDI O6iHOCTHIO rpaMMaTHeckHX KaTeropuii H CAOBOMaMe- nenua (craonenns); + Mecmousmenus — onH GaHaKH HMetaM m0 CBoHM rpaMMaTiniecKiMt KaTETOpwsaM, HO HMeIOT OcOGeHHOCTH CAOBOHSMEHeH; + z2a0n — nportivonocrapaen Mena 1 MeCTOHMeHWAM KaK CHC TeMoto rpamMaruveckux KaTeropHii, TaK H xapakTepoM CABOHAMe- enna (crnpsxesna); + napexust — HeMHOTONHCAeHHDIH B CTapOCAABAHCKOM ABBIKe KAACC HenaMenszembIx cAoB. K cayase6unim acta pew oTuocates: npeaaotu, corset w wac~ muypt, a Taxake BLITOAHATONHE GPYHKYHHE CAaKeOHDIX CAOB MECTOHME- ia H Hapests, § 2. Uma cymecrsureasnoe 4 ero rpaMMaTHuecKHe Kareropun 1. Ppanmaniveckiwn KaTeropHamit MEH cyWJecrBITeABHOTO AB- AslOTCA KATEFOPHH pow, WIICAA H naena, 2. Kareropus poaa sexiercs kawnpuuypyiowell; 270 sia, “ro Meta cyWecTarrreAbite He H3MeTIAOTCA, a pacripeneAmorca No ponaM. K myakckomy poay oTHOcATCA HMeHa CYIJeCTBHTeAbHBIE ¢ OKOHYa- HUSH B MAK -& (OAOKD. BPE. KOH, FOCTH, ALKA), a TaIGKE HeKOTOpEIE cytecrauTeAbHbie C OKOHAMHAMH -€ HAH -H (BOCKOAA. CRAMH). 63IK asexickomy pony oviocsrer neta cyiecrBITTeAbltbte ¢ oKOHWatt- Si A. be BORA, ROCTH,a TaKGKe CAOBA THA HATH, AIK. K cpeanemy poay ovtiocatea uweta cywecTetrexbitnte c OKoHanIT- AMIE -0-£, a TAKA “A: CEAG TOAE, HINA 3. Kareropis sucka sBaKeTes cAoBOWEaMeHTeABHOIi; 270 aHaKUIT, ‘0 BCE CYIJECTBHTEADHDIe, 34 HEGOADLUHM HCKAIOYEHHEM, H3MEHAIOTCA 110 uncaam. B ctapocaaBaHicKoM sabIke 6biA0 TpH SHCAa — eAHHCTBEH- Hoe, ABoiicTaeHtioe H miomectBemtioe. CCymectarrrexntioe 8 «popme envticraentioro "ica ostia¥ano, "To pe get 06 onHOM npeaMere: KOH, Hora, recT’s, Ontiako cyiyecrsirreasibie coBupatexbibte, BeIecTReHNBe H OTBACYENHDIe BTOTO SHAeHI He Meat: ANGTBHE, BOAA, AOEPA B cHAY=TOrO TakHe CYIJeCTBITEABHDIE TO SHICAAM He HSMeHAAHCD, TO eCTD He HMeAM (opm ABolicTBeHtOrO iH MHloMmeCTBEH- Horo sHcea. Brpouem, Hora co6upareabnbie cyIecTBHTeAbHBIE Mor LAW ynotpeBastbcs AK OBORHAMEHHA MHOX. HCA: KAMGHHE, TPACTHE ANCTRHE,pomANe, RBTAHE GpaTpHIA. HanpuMep:CMAIMe AE AKAATEE PABLE cro < ... > onory we oyBHINA oRoro ae KaUCHHEIK nogHUIA (Map ca). Cytjecrarrreastioe 8 cpopste anoiicnentioro ‘ica ostta¥ano, #70 pew WeTO ABYX TipeAMeTaX HAH NapHoM NpeAMeTe:EPATPA™ ‘ABa Gpara’ BETA, BpaTa ut ap. Cyujecrarrreabiice 8 qopMte mionecrBettoro “ticAa ostiatano, To ex iter © MHomecTBe ripeaMETOB: KOHH, HOT, FOCTH. 4, Kareropia nageasa ykaabibaet Ha cBAsb AaHHOrO CAOBA ¢ APYTHI- Mut cAozamn 8 npearoxenmt, B crapocaasatickon aapiKe 651A0 6 na- easel: wnterterepti, ponvrexbtmti, aaveasibt, amnTeabHt, THOPH- ‘reabubtii 1 MecrHbtii; KpoMe Toro, piAa elle OAHA (opMa — aBaTeAb- ¥Has,KoTOpaR YIOTPeGARAACH TOABKO B AHHCTB. MHICAC: KAAABIKG,CTAPI YE, YApIO, ABEHYE, chIHoY FocriaH, Bo miioxkectaeHHOM HHCAe BMECTO aBaTeABHO!t (popMbt ynoTpeGARAc UMeHHTeAbHbI nase. § 3. Cxaonenne HMeH CYyIeCTBUTeCABHEIX Crxsonerem cyiyecrourrexbibrx Hasbmaeres HX HaMeHeHHe 110 rade- 2kaM HW NHICAaM; KPoMe TOTO, CKAOHEMHIEM HasbiBaeTea Tpyrina cyigjecraH- TeADHDIX, OOEAKHENHDIX O6yHOCTEIO NanenTHEOX oKoHNaHHT. B crapoc- 64 -AABAHCKOM siabike GbIAO MlecTe THNOB cKAoHeHAA, UTo6br HOF, ‘Fro 970 bia 34 CKAOHEITIA 1 Kak OHH BOSHHKAK, HanO OBpaTHTECs K HCTOpHE B siaoenponeficxom nipasabixe ce cyWJecrauTexbuBIe HMA OH HW Te we NageatbIe OKOMaHHA. DTH NaferKHbIe OKOHAHHA TIpHCoeAMTA- Alc K OctIOBe CAOBA TIOCpEACTBOM MeMamUMECKUX BBYKOB — FAACHDIX *a, *o, *t, *w, *uu coraacnoix *n, *r, *s, *1. Tart o6pazom, cynse- CTBHTeADHDIE OODEAMHAAHCH B TpYTIMI He Ha TpamMarueckoM (110 06- IHOCTH oKoHaHHi), a Ha TeMaTHYecKOM ocHoBani. Celiac Ham yaKe LIPYAHO, a TO H HeBOSMOMKHO TIOHATD, KaKOB GbIA TeMaTHYeCKHt npHaHAK, ToaoeHHbtit B OCHOBY OFbeAMHeHHA CAOB; AMID B rpynmie c ocHoBOit a *r MoxstHO SaMeTHTb, HTO CAOBa C STHM TeMaTHYeCKHM COrAacHDIM ‘mBASIOTes TepMutaMH poncrsa: *braler-, *matér-, *svesar-; (cp. rat. pater, mater, frater, attra. sister); rpynina 2ke c TeMaTeNteckHIM COrAaCHbIM *{ oO wenmnner cAopa, oGostavanume AeTeHILNell: AMTAT:. TEAAT:.zipRRAT-. Kaxoii temaruveckit npuatax o6osHavaan saykn *a, *o, *f, *a, ur, ote ape cee cxnaareh ye] een rsonceo" Detencn niet rerciare ‘TeMATHMeCkHe SBYKH OCHORDI YTPATHAH CBO SHaveHHe, a TaKGKe BCACA- CTBHE BOAR; cp. rpex. xaopay Ain. ea. ep. npes. xopan *yalja-i > *vol'-ai > won’ Hinexs * plodé-s > nox; cp. mper. 46405 Bona. * plédé-n > naoa. cp. mex. ROyov Aneas, *plodéi > naea; cp. rpen. ROY *konjé-i > *kon'-ei > won| ia aux conocrasacntii siaiio, "70 B npacaaBalicKoM mabiKe ere B AonuicoMeniylo sTioxy npoHsOMAO Ne pepasAOMeUME OC- Ho B MEH CYINJECTBHTTeADHDIX, BCAEACTBHE KOTOPOTO TAACHBIE OCHOBLL TpeapATHANCe B OKOHAINER, a HCKOHHIIe NPOTOCAABANICKHE OKOHANIA, Ywacaenonatnibte 3 HiAoeRpotelicKoro Tipanabika, ANGO HexesAnt (KaK oxonsanna *-s, *-n w uwenir. W BITE. naenKax ckAoHeHHA Ha *6), 65 utes. te YenANGO TOABEPTAHCh TpAaHC\opMalHH TIO, AeiicTBHeM (poHETHYECKHX 3a- KoHOB NpacAaBsHICKoro sapiKa (RAK OKOHNANIR BHHTEADHOTO H JaTEAb- Horo nagenkelt ckaonenus Ha *d: *-am > -q av, *-ai > 6 rBv. Caen CTBHEM 9TOTO GbIAO TO, HTO Y BCEX CYIICCTBHTEABHDIX BOSHHKAH HOBBIC oamtraKoppie ocHonbt Ha corAacsbift 3ByK: 6; *plods- > plod. i: *gisti- > gost’- ‘i: *etinil-> syn- 5 Mada > vod- sutoveh- > veh. |e Moab. > neb. | ‘Dro cAeACTANE CTAAO B CBOI O¥epeAD TIPHYHHON Toro, TO HMeHA cyleCTBHTeADHBIE Yoke He MOTAH OOEAMHATHCA B pyTINbI, HAH THIL CRAOHeHMG, TID TeMATHUeCKOMY MpHARAKY, TINATOMY A AcHORY Hh HORN TO OGEAHHEHHA ACTAH PpaMMATHYECKHe NIPH3HAKH — pod H OOIHOCTD oxoiuanuit. Caeacrsem storo 6biA0 cMeleHHe APeBHX THTOB CKAO- Het, MepexOA CYIIJECTRHTEADHDIX Ht3 OAHOTO THA CKAOHEHHIA B ApY- roii, BosHikHonetne AY6AeTHBIX OKOTTIaHI. “Taxis o6paa0M, bIcTpaHBaeTes WeniowKa NpHIHEIHO-cAeACTBEHIETK cnasei: 1) caeactanet aeiicrans (orieTHieckHx sakoHioR 6bLA Tiepepaanorme- ne ocio8; 2) crencravtem nepepasnomken octios 6biA0 BOSHKHOBeHe oaKOTHN- bIx octios Ha coraacuti 3) cAeACTEMeM BOSHHKHOBeHIIA OAHOTHMHEIX OCHOB Ha CorAactitli GbIAO HOBOe OGpeAMHeHHe HMCH CYINCCTBHTEABHDIX B THIIbI CKAOHCHIAA Ha OcHone rpaMMaTHYeckoro pon H OGWJHOCTH oKoHYaHHi, 4) caeacranem HoBoro O6peaHHeHHA 6DAO CMEMeHMe Ape BH HHX THTOB CKAOHEHHS. Tlamarinnn crapocaanmtickoii nicbmenioctu eye aoctaroxio eT Ko Mt scio pasanvaiot tects THno8 ckaowtenms. Baecte c Test om oF- paxkaloT H CMelLleHHe THNOB CKAOHEHHA, 4TO GbIAO HayaAOM (POpMHpO- aH Hopoit CHiCTeMBI CKAOHeHHi; ocAe pacrlageHHA NpacaapAicKor sapiKa 370 (PopMHpOBArIHe NO-cBOeMY NPOROANIAOCH B KarKOM OTACAD- HoMt cAABAICKOM mabIKe. CChrasana paccMorpi ilecTb THII0B CrapOCAARATICKOTO CKAOHESND HM CYIMECTBHTeADHDIX, a 3aTeM — ‘qpaKTot Hx CMeMIEH H CAeAAeM BbIBOAD!, 1. Craonenne cyyectanreabubix ¢ apesieli oc HOBO Ha A . K aToMy cKAOHHIO OTHOCHAHCH BCE CYIJeCTBITEADHBLE ACH. It Myx. pona c OKoITHaHNeM “A B HIMeHHT. nateme eRIMCTB. HCA: REHA 66 * KOAA pAKA, HOAM. cAOYrA, WHLOMA HT. n. K Hemy ake oTHOCHAHED cyie- CTBHTeADHDIe 2KeHCKOTO posa Ha -AIH(H), O603Ha4aBIIHM HAH OTBACHEH- Hoe KavecTBo — BAATOCTAINH. FPRABINH, HHASCTRINH, CRATE, Hat AML KeNICKOrO TloAa — KOTMHH, FOCMOARIHH, pARLINH. KaHATAINN, K.pTOMy 2Ke CkAOHEHIIO OTHOCATER 1 HeMHOTONNICAEHIBLe CYINECTBHTEADHDIE act. 1 MyxK, pon Ha -H(H): AAAHH, CRAHH, BAAHH, ERTHIL 1 cytecrBrsTexb- Hote MyPK. pona € C¥e>DUKCOM -YHH: KOPABLYHH, KBHHTRYHM, KYAATVHIL B sapitcuMocra or Kasiecrsa KoHiewHoro corAacttore octoBB pa3- Jubiaatich THepAaH Ht MarKaa PasHOBHANOCTH BTOrO CKAOHeMT: THEpAAR pasHoBuaviocts — pMIEA, HAA, KOCBCAA, MarKan pastoBHaHiOcTS. — MAI, OAL, WHOWUA, a TaLaKe Ree cyiLiceTBIFTeADINIC © cysppKcanH - BING, -HO, -YHIL Ospasust ckronenua cmotpit 8 cnpasowmen MarepHaAax. Tlepen oxonianuem -& < *ai saasemabramie coraacttite noanep- raaneb Bropoli raxarannsaygnt: JJ. u Mn. ea. 3, H., B., 3s. a0. 4. Host. pa. BABCE px Hn. HOTA, pAKA, EAAKA 2. Craonenue cywectaureabnbix ¢ apesiielh ocHOBO Ha 40. K sromy cinonenmo, umestiemy ane pasosuayocTa — Teepayio HW MarKylo, OTHOCHATICh cyilecTBHITeAbItbte MyAKcKOTO H cpeAHETO pona ¢ oxonvanunm 8 Hn. en. * -& — CYL. Myas. pona THepAOlt pasHOBMAHOCTH: ABT = *jo — cyt, Myak. pona MArKOll pasHOBHAHOCTH: Kolth, ROKAB, pan, BoH 0 — cyW. cpeaH. poga TRepAO! pasHOBHANOCTH: BHI, (AO -Ke — cyl. cpeart. poaa markoit pastionnaHOcTH: MOAK, HAMNGHIK. opt. Tlapaaury ckaonenna cMorp & cnpaBounbix matepianax, B spareasioii @opme Kovtewnipie sagHenabtntbie coraactibte ocHoBet MoABepraAHch NepBOFi NaAaTaAHBALIMH: KOIKE, OTBYE, ASYUKE, KAHARE, Tlepea oxowiania-®, - < *6i Konewnbie aantenabrinbie corAac- rable oconbt rioanepranice Bropoli naxarannaayunt: M. 1, ea. 1. 8PRZB. Vion. am. spegH ML, ati, 5. BpBEBKR. 3. Crronenme cyiyecrunteabiix ¢ apesieli oc Ho Boi wa *h K sromy ckronenno oTHocHAlich cylecTBITeAbHBIe 2KeH. pona ¢ OKOHMaHHEM -b: AAHB, KAZH, FPAACCTh. HOW. KOCTH, Me, a TaIOKE He- Muorie CyWecTaHTeADHDIe MYZK. poda ¢ TEM 2Ke OKOHYAHHEM -k: ARTA, ‘ATR, ThETh, FACh, FROZAL, FPATANL, YphR. NevATR, K aToMy 2Ke cKAO- eno orHocwavice Hemtiorve caosa pluralia tantum: AAH. EACAH, F>CALL 5 07Konesmoit coraacitii octonbt nepen *f > b noayuan noaiayHortyto noaymarkocts. EcaH Got 970 GoiA0 He TaK, TO BO MHOTHX CAOBAX ObIAH Obt caenbt j-rosoii naxarannsarpnt: ox. rote — *roIp, rae al < *slj; BM. ‘YpRBh — *YpRBAK, me BA < *vj. TlockoxbKy ake sTOro He NpOKsOLAO, TROCTOABKY MoskHO yrnepaaTp, “TO *F > beige B IpoTOCAABAHIcKyIO anoxy, Ao nawana aeiicrona saKoHa CAOTOBOTO CHHTAPMOHHIAMa; NepeA & cOrAac- ble NpuoGpeTaN# NoSHHOHHYIO TOAYMATKOCTD. Tlapaauray cxaonenia cMorpi ® crpanowribix MarepHanax. 4. Craonerue cyiyecratrrexpinix c apennelt octosoii Ha *i. K sro My CKAOHHIO OTHOCHTes HeMHOroNCAeHHas Npyrina CyIJeCTRHTeABHDIX Myo. POA C OKONYAHHEM "h B HMEHHT. NAMEMe CAHHCTB. NCAA: CNT (cp. aurr. sunus), wow, A0HK® (cp. Aar. domus), BpbK'm (cp. AMT. viréus). vwnira, mean (cp. casicx. madhu), ae (cp. anu. ledus). Tlapamury ckaorensia cMoTpH 8 crpapownnx maTepHanax. 5. Craonene cyngecrnueabiix c apenueli ocropofi na *u, K aromy ‘THNY CKAOHEHHA OTHOCHAaCH HeMHOrONHCAeHHas rpynina cywlecraHTerb- HBX eHeKoro poAa? AKL, HpBKBL, CREKPAL, KOYKAL APRN (ace~pH0), Bpaant (monop), ykabt (ucuenenue), Henroabt (nenaoanas ), KOpRFE! Cxopyran, ‘none, warp CHeaccmsa). Dopmot umennt, nazexa eauncrs. sucaa *RpAI it *EPRL 8 NlasrTHHKaX CrapocAaBaHcKoil mucb- MeHHOCTH He SaCBHACTEARCTHOBAHBI, Tak KaK ellie B AONHCbMeHHYIO BTIOXY SaMeHKANCE OPMAMH BHHMTeADHOTO TiajerKa KPRBA 1 BPBEE. Tloarxe ora saMena nponsomaa Ht & ApYTHX cAOBAX AaHHOTO CKAOHE- HMA; CP. COBPEMeHHOe PYCCKOE cbexpote, nepuobe, ules, xopytte. B unenureapom nageake raactian ocuonbt *u naxonuaacn mepen oxoranttem *s, KoTopoe No saKoHy BocxOAAINe! sBysHOCTH OTHAAO, a *u > wt. B @opmax kocnenmerx najerkeit rAactian OcHonbl HaxoAHAacb epea rAackbimit spyKamn, niostomy *u > *uu > BB: P. n. eA. 4. *svekntes > *svekritue > svekrove = CBeKYREC, Tlapaauray ckaonen cMorpH B cripapomix marepHanax. 6. Crronenne cymecrarrexnibix ¢ apesteli octopoii Ha coraacHBte. K ocntosam na coraactiie oTHOcHTCH CyIeCTaHTeNbHBIe BCEX Tpex ponos. A. Temoii cyigectenreAbHBIXx Mya. pova ObIA COrAacHBtii n: AbH-b, Kopet-h, eMCHE-S, CTeneH-A, KACHC, KAMH-b, NAAMeH-. Bo mtomecTBeH- HOM NHCA€ M10 STOMY CKAOHEHHO CKAOHAAKCD CyIeCTBHTeADHDIe C Cytp- Quxcam -Teab.-aph, HA (NocaemHHi cyqpHKE BO MHORS. SHCA yTpA- spares): Hn. mn. 4. oyvirrene, abrtape, raattatane, B cay caoeli 68 PASHOCKAOHAEMOCTH 9TH CYWJECTBHTEADHBIE paHO NOATIAAK TOA BAH- ine cKAoHeHHs Ha *j6, 0 HeM cM. HIDKe, Tlapannrayy ckaottermn cM. 8 cripanounbix Mangprianax. B. Temoii cyujectanreabitbrx akenickoro pona Onin coraacttiir: warn — marep-<, amy — anipep< (p. 1. ea. +). Tlapaauray cxaone- imal eM. B cripaBounbrx MaTepHaAaX. B, Temoii cyuectaurexnnbix cpeastero pona 6iaH coraactie s, n, 1 < *nl, B nsenmreabtiont nazexe envvicraentioro swicka 9TH corAac- HbIe om AelicTBHeM 3aKOHa BOCXOAAIIeH SBYYHOCTH HAH YTPATHAHCD, HAH, B cocTaBe AM@TOHTH4eCKOrO Co¥eTAHHA, TpeoGpasoBAaAHCh B HO- cosoit raacuttite (a): *nebas > nebo = nebo, *semen > seme = CREA. *omokent > *otrccen > *otroce = oTpeva. B Kocnemmbix nanezkax aT TeMaTieckHe corAacHBte coxpanuancn: *nehese’ > enece (c He- peaosanuem ¢ / 0: *netus / nétés-); *imene > WMENE: *derckente > otrogete = oTpOYaTe § 4. Bsaumo,eticrsue THOR CKAOHEHMA UMEH CYWJECTBUTCABHBIX Toft cricrenmt crronemma, KoTopar mpes(cTaRAetia B cnpapowHNX Ma- Tepiarax, Mbt He HaXOAIIM B NHCTOM BHME B TAMATHAKAX CrapOCAaBAe- oii micpmentocrs. H1s-sa toro sro y ncex cyiJecTEHTeAbbIX o6paz0Ha- ‘Aach OAHOTHMHAR OCHOBa Ha corAactibili, HaNaAacb HX mleperpyntiHpoBKa B HOBbI¢ THNbI CKAOHEHHA Ha OCHOBe OOWIHOCTH rpaMMaTIecKoro poAa 1 ‘poprest vemrexbiioro nagena. Hanpumep, ecaH & TIpoTocaanAlicKyio anoxy cyiyectsireabHbie *picd-o-s u *sun-w-s paaauaanch TemaTitHec- aM TAACHEIMI,, TO B TIPACAABAHCKYIO DTTOXY CYIJeCTBIFTEABHDIE MAGA CAIN yace mnrten He pasAFPTaAHch, OTHOCACH TPH BTOM K OAHOMY NpaNma- "rnveckomy poay (sy:kcKomy) 1 HMeR TOARAECTHCHEYIO POpMY HMEHITEAD- Horo nagexa. Ectecrsermo, 170 cyiijecratrreabibte ¢ apesitit octopaNs wa *o um *u craan COaHKaTDCA, O6paayst MOCTeNeHHO OAHH THI CKAOHEHHA. B namsruxax crapocaaBaHcKoii MHcbMeHHOCTH 3TOT TIpoUeCc o6pas0Ba- [HHA HOBOTO THNla CKAOHeHHA OTPABHACH B BANE CMEIIEHHA OKOHMAHTA ABYX _npesrtx Tunos civonienmn. Kpome aTix ABYX THnIos cKAOHENIS, CEAIDKA- AHcb, B3aMMO/e/CTBOBAAM H CMeLIMBAAHCb OKOHYAHHA CAEAYIOUIHX APEB- — ckaonenne na 47 u *T Myx. poaa,to ecto cAoBa THNa KOH Ht OCT; 69— ckronenne Ha *T Myx. poaa Mn My2. pona, TO ecTH cAoBa THA FCT HC ABI: — cxronenne na *Y2sen. pona,Ha *i'H na *r, To ecrp cAoBa Tina KOCTR, KOABR HC MNATH; — oxaowtens a 42 cpeaniero pona H Ha *s, TO ecTh CAB Tuna CAD Ht «aon, PaccmorpHM 3TH npoueccn! BaaHMofelicTBHA OcHOB noApobHee. A. Crnonenua na *0 1 ti”. Koxiiecrsentio caosa a *2 no mioro pas npeBocxoaHAH cAoBa c ocHoBOli Ha ‘i, NoBTOMy cKAOHeHHe Ha *i" TOPADILAAOCh CKAOHEHHEM Ha *C, OAHAKO HEPEAKO CAOBA CKACHEHHA Ha *c ynOTpeGARAHCh C OKOHYaHMAMH CKAOHEHHA Ha *1. Sto sHauHT, TO B COSHAHHH THCUOB STH CKAOHEHHA OObEAHHHAHCD H OHH yoke He SHa- Ait, KaKoe OKOHANIe — «TIpaBUAbHOe», Ht BMECTO HCKOHIOTO OKOHA- vis I. 1. ea. 4. PABOY, AAAMOY, ARGOY 117. 1. 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CBINOHR B ORHOM CAyHAe Han CaAH CBIHTR; BMecTO HeKoHHoro oKoHYaKHA J], 1. MH. 5. ChINTBEER rica AW CBINOH, CAAOMT; BMecTO HeKoHHOTO oKOHaHHA T. 11. MH. +. CBIR: 1H 8 ontiom caysae Hanlicant ChIHBI. B. Craonenn a *jc' u *T myakckoro pona. Butecto uckorttoro okonvanun P. 1, en. 4. Z8%9H nitcust ynonpe6- ZAAAM OKOFMAHHe “1: ZBTEPIA, FOCTOAN, FOTIA: BMECTO HCKOHHOTO OKOHNA- rua Jn. ea. 4. OHH niicaadt Orta, OCHOA. FOCTHE: BMeCTO HeKOHHIOTO 70 oxonsanna Tm ea. 4. OFHbAIS MCaAit OrHEM, rocmoACMh, FOAAKEH: BMECTO HCKOHHOTO OKOHYaHUA aBaTeABHO!l (POpMbI FOCMOAH TIHCAAH FOC: nnoacy: sMecto Hicxonnoro oxonannia Him. ea. 4. F9eTHKE McA Fee “TH. HATH, 3PM. ObGparuoe BanaHHe cKazaAocb B CAEAYIOILHX (PopMax: BMECTO HC~ xontoro Konan T. 1. ed. NOCH MHCAAH HORbMB, NAAYAA: smecro uexoutoro okovann HL, 1. Mi 5. CTPAAM THCaAH CTpARHIE ROMANE, KOYMHPHIE: MecTO HcKoMHOrO cKoHMarHA P. m. MMH. 4. BPAY THHcaAH BPAYAH (HPAYEH: BMtecTO HeKoHHOTO oKoNNans JI. nl. MH. 4. eTbYEMEA nuicadH OTRYRAFR: BMECTO McKOIOTO OKOHAKHAT. Tl ME. ¥. TpAIRH THICaAME CTPARHAH, KRNABIH, 2AVAHEEH, B. Cxaoenmn na *F sgn. poaa 1 *n mya. pona. Basse cxroste- ‘HHA Ha *f CKa3AAOCb B CACAYIONIJHX Ma/exKHbIX (POPMaX: BMECTO HCKOH- Horo oxomrmann Pr en. . ARHE TCA AKHH, KAGHH, KAMEH: aMecTO uickonsoro oxonvania ML 1. ea. . ABHE THICAAH ABM, KAMIEHH, KOpeHH, naantenit (non poaaelicranem aTHx cAoB cpesHero posta oAO6HOE OKOH- wane P. n. «Mm. nomnasnoch W y CAOB My;AKCKOTO POA TOTO ZK CKAO- Hema wa coraactmii: NERECH. CAORECH, OTPIYATH, BPEAKHH, HINEHLL APR CH. APBBATH, KoqecH 17. 1.); BMeCTO HcKoHHOTO oxoHantia HA, Mt.“ BME nucan ACHBIG; BMeCTO HeKOHHOTO oKOHaNA P. 1. MHL. ABN canst ABI. O6parioro sauamia cKAoHenH Ha "n Ha CKAOHeNHe Ha *7 MOTH ne 6o1A0; amu » Cynpacabckoit pyKo7HcH NHCHOM Gaixo Hant¥caHo nevare sMecto ucKonnoit opr 11. n, nevaTiie (nanomus, sro 970 caobo myx. poaa). T’, Crsotientn na *r acencxoro poaa, ua *r ua t7. Basstme cx10- esa Ha *T ckasaA0ch B ToM, WTO BMeC"O HCKOHNOrO oKoHMaHHE P. en. 4. MATE, KPAEE NUCOAH MATE. KPBEM, ABIJEPH, AWERBH, MPLRRBH: ecto neKontioro oxorrvantia ML. 1 ea. KPBBE MHCAAA KPBBH,IPRRARH, MOK RBH: BMECTO HcKOHOTO oKoHaHA P. n, MH. 4. MATEpR NHCANK mare pi sn (rae € <1 peayynponanioro); nmecro Hc- Konsioro oxonantin AI. 1. Mi, 4. KPBBAN THCAAH KYRBBEFA: BMECTO neKonHoro oxoranin T. 1. Mil, 4. KPBEAIH 1HHCaAH KPBBBERH: BMeCTO exonoro oxonvantn M. Mil. . KPBBAX MHCAAH KPBBKKS J. Crronena via * cpeaniero pona n *s . Bansttwe ckaonenua 1a 7 epeamero pona ckasanoch ® CACAYIOIEIN HaMerKIIEIX opMaX: BMECTO exororo okoinianun Pn ef. 4. CAOBICE MHCANH CAOKA APEEA TBAA ecto Hckontoro oxorrvarnia J]. 1. ef. %. ¢AOKSCM TKCAAH CAGBOY, HEBOY. 7‘WOADY. TACY, oyKoViMMecTO HeKoHHOFO OKOHMAHHA TM, eA. 4. CAORECRINE THCAAH CAOBOMB. OKA, TACHA, APEEOH, YIOAOHh; BMECTO HeKOHHOTO oxontanti M. m. eg, 4, AORete mHIcaAH CAORT, AYER, of. THAR: BMeCTO ncKouHoro oxonvannia H1-B. 1, a, AOW6CA TIICAAH CAORA. APRRA, KOAA: BmecTo HekoHtH0ro cKonvarm P. MEL, H. CAOBECR niIcannt (AGB, KOR. TRB: pMecTo HcKoHHIONO oKOHAHA J]. TI. MHL. ‘. CAOBECRUTA mca CA0- Kou, TRAGHE: EMecTO HCKOHIIOTO oxoHaKHA ML. I. Mi, 4. CAORSCHK CAN CACBEKB, KOABXR. TEABYD. He caeayer, KcHesH0, AYMaT, 470 HCKOHHbIe nianemHbIe pops Boo6iye He yrtotpe6asauch. Hanpotus, oH yrorpebasauce ropasAo yamge Hosni. Tem He MeHee qbaxTor BaaHMogelicTBHA pasHbIX THTOB APCBHHX OCHOB MOKaspinAIoT, NTO B NPACAABAHCKOM #BbIKe HavaAcs Mpoyecc o6pazopattit HOBO! CHCTeMbI CKAOHCHHA Ha OcHORe OGbenH- HeHHs CAOB MO IPHHLHNY OGUJHOCTH rpaMMaTHYeCKoro powa H ToxMe- CcTwetttiocTa (Popibt nmetirreabtioro riagexka. OcoGaa stiasimocT» (pops HMeHHTeAbHOTO Naserkia CBABAHA C TEM, HTO STOT Nafezk BbIpaxKaeT COBO TomMecTBO MpeAMeTa C caMHM COGOI0, BCAEKCTEHE KOTOPOTO NpeAMET TOADKO H MozeT ObITb HOCHTEAeM pasHOOGpasHbIx CBOjicTB H OTHOITIE- uti, BoIpakaenbrx, B YaCTHOCTH, KocBeHHDIMH ranexamn, Dopnn- PoBarine HOHOH CHCTeMBL CKAOHEHHIT 3aKOHYIAOCH Yake B OTACAbHDIX caaBancKnn sapiKax”. § 5. BosHuxnonennve Kareropun OAyuleBAeHHocTu Kareropus oaymesaeiocti, Kaxyio Mot HaxonHM, Hampumep, 8 conpemeniom pycckom Asbike, ostaaeT, TO Y OAYUIEBACHHDIX cyle- CTBIFTeADHDIX MyAKCKOTO H cpeAMIeTO PonA eANHCTHeHHOTO witcAa ¢popMa BHEMTeAbHOTO TIaneKa cosTIaAaeT ¢ opMoit poniTexbtoro Maze, a Y HeOAYIICBACHIDIX cYiecTRIETeABHDEX opMa BIMUTEABHOTO Naka CO- Bragaet c dopMoii UMeHHTeADHOTO nagexa: orywieatenrote eoayuesaennore Bin. 6pama Bon. emoa Pin. 6pama Hen. cmon ” Cu: Aoces A. . Flasionan expyerypa. M., 1983. 188. 191 ® Boarapexuii nabix wooSuye yrpaTHa cKAoHeHMe. n Kareropux oayuesaenocri Crana opMHpoBaTbos elle B pacaa- BaHcKoM aabike. B namaritiax crapocaapsHCKoli MCbMeHHOCTH BCTpe- {1al0TCA MpeAAOKeHHA THNA ABPAAMA OAH HCAAKR, Tae HCAAKA — Heo- AYeBACHIO® CYIeCTBHTeADHDE, H MpeAAOAKHIA THMa ABPAALTA POA HCAAKA, re HCAAKB yase oaywenrcHHoe cyisectsireabHioe. [lockoADKy B MpeAAOMeHHAX NepBoro THIA He ACHO, KTO cyGbeKT, a KTO OGDEKT AelicrBuA, TO KaTeropun OAYUIeBAeHHOCTH H CTana (POPMAAbHDIM crio- co6om Hx pasanvenia. Jlaxbnefimee paasirrne KaTeropusl onyitienAeH- HOCTIE MOAYSHAA B OTACADHDIX CAABACKHX ABBIKAX.CY AEKUUA8 A § 1. Paspaani mpuaarareabHDIx B crapocaansticko siabike uwewa npuaarareabnbie no anaye- io paazeamAics Ha TPH paspaza. Kavecmacnnote:3a4%, MAN, HOR, BEAR cxBITE Hap. Kavectoen- HbIe MIpHAaraTeAbHBIe O6pasoBbIBAAHCb TakUKe TIPH NOMOLIH HeKOTOpEIX CYC HKCOB: “BK: TAAKKKCR: -OK: IKECTOR': €K: ANGI: CH: YPRBCITR: “HB: AHIR: HK: BEAM: Ac TOMA. Omnocumeabite, o6pasoBaniible OF CYIJeCTBHTeAbHDIX NpH NoMotyH CY HKCOR: “BH: ANKAKAD, FPBIAHR: -RCK: NOTAHACKB, YAOBEYRCR BH: MBABIE, KoRANB (rae d (8) > a nocAe umrmyero); -AT: NépbHATR TIpumsxcameavioie, o6pasosaritiie TIpH OMOILH CAeAYIOIIIK cytp- ‘puxcon: 8: ABAOBB, METPORR: HH: CoCTpHITB, cOTOHIITR; — Jb: ARPAAMAR, KBHAMh: HH: BOHM, EPAAHH; -BH: FOCMPAbIIh, OTRAK. § 2. Kparxas 1 noanas cbopma MpuAaraTeAbHBIX B crapocaansiickom aabike MpuAaraTeAbHble HMeAK K pa T Ky 10 10H 1 dopme (B apyrolt TepMumioAori: uMeHyIO, HeHAeH- HyIO, Heonpenereiiylo H MeCTOHMeHHYIO, 4AeHHYIo, onpeneacityio). Kavecrserie 1 ortiociteabiibie npuaarareabtipie HMeAt O6e PopMet, npirraKarerblible — TOABKO KpaTKy10. Oe qopmer B crapocAaBaticKOM sabiKe MOrAH BbINOAKATD QyuK- liso onpenereniis: ZAA0 APHD NAAM ZABl THOpHT (Borp): HATH CH BB MAKR BBYRHAIK (Map). [pn stom Kparkar @opata uMera Heo- TipenereHHoe aHatenHe, ykaabipaAa Ha TIPHBHAK NMpeaMera Boobie, a THOaHaR (opma iMieAa oripeeAeHHoe aHavetiHe, yKasbIBAAa Wa NpHsHaK astoro, KonKpeTHoro ipeamera. B GyHKYNH iMenttoli wacTH cocTaB- Horo HMeHHOTo ckaayemoro OBbraHO BBICTYTIANA KpaTKaa (Popsa: HA KEK Xe Abia ReAHKG oBLIYAH BE (Map Ex.). 74 § 3. Ckaonerme Kparkux mpuaarareabHEix Vinena npuaarateannpie B KpaTkof (popMe CKAgAHCD, KaK CyIye- CTBMTeABHDIe: MpHAaraTeAbHDIe MYAKCKOTO H CPeAHETO POMA CKAOHSAHCD {Ho TUNy OCHOB Ha *2, a NPUAATaTEADHbIC AEHCKOTO POA CKAOHAAKC 110 ‘Tuny octios Ha "a; HHbIMH CAOBAMH, MIPHAArATeABHBLe BPONE BATS CKAO- HAAHCD KaK MAOMB, BAATO Kak EAS, BAATA Kak CTPAHA, § 4. Ckaonenme oansix mpuaarareabHDrx Tloasore npuaarateabnbte o6pas0nbinaalich B NpacAaBAHCKOM A3bI- ke nyreM mpyGanaera K KpaTKoit bopMe ykasaTeAbHOrO MecTOHMeHtI HW. . ik: mIpHaarareabHbie Myakckoro powa: *dobro-je > dobryj = AvB- pain, *sini-jo > sintjo = crn, rae [ of, uf } mosnysorote papratrrot (portem <%, » >; npuaarareapuie cpearero pona: *dobro-je > AYEPOK. +sine-je >\¢HMEK; npHAaraTeAbHbIe *eHCKOTO poaa: *dobra-ja > AOBPATA, *sin'a-ja > CHITA. Flepnonavaxbio yxasareAbtinie MeCTOHMEHIOA HTpaAH pOrb onIpeAe~ LAeHHOrO ApTHKAR H CKAOHRAHCD CAMOCTORTeABHO B_COCTARE TIOAHOTO npuaarareaprioro: 1. n. dobryje, P. n.dobrajego, J. n.dobrujemu 1 +r, a. OaHaxo ¢ TeNeHHeM BpeMeHH MpOHZOIIAO CAHSHIKE opM MecTO- Mena ¢ MageACHDIMH OKOHAHHAMH TIpHAAraTeADHDIX, BCACACTBHE 4erO oGpazoBaroch Honoe cAosHOe oKoHaHHe. FTpexqe Bcero 6b1A yTpa- ent [j] Memay raactbivs, 470 BbIaRAAO HX MOCAeAYIOILYIO accHMHAR- no i crmmente: P. n. *novajego > novacgo > novaago > NOBAre: Abn. *novujenu > novuemu > novuuunu > wosoymey: T. 11. *novyjime > novyime > worth; M. 1. *novdjiemn > novdems > WORSEN; *sinijem > siniems > siniime > cHnith (loAPOGHIEe CM. B CHpABONHIX MaTepHa~ ax), B nansrimxax crapocaapatickoit niicpMentioctH oTpaakeHtx enpa Zt He nce aabt BTOTO MpoL[eCca: AOKPAKT, AOBPAATO Ht AOKPATS: ADEPOY EE gy, AOBpOYSYHDY 1 ADKPOYICY 1 7. 2, KpoMe Toro, y TloaHBIX pH- Aarareapnbix noaBAmOTes oKoHanHA Tuna AOBpOTS (P. 1), AdBRE oy (dj. n.). Takne oKonvarnin nosmamtores BCACACTBHE BAIA Me- croumeroro cKAoHeHUA THTIa TOr9, TOMY: OBpatHIoe BANLAKHE CKAOHE- HH HOAHDIX pHaarareapmoix Ha MeeToMMetItIO® cKAorTEM Youqerb Taxi @opMax, Kak ThIH (BM. TOH), KAIM (aM. KOH), TBE xh (BM. TKR). 15§ 5. Crenenn cpannenus mpuaarareapnsix Cpasnurcasnan crenetb npuaarateabupx. Dopma CpanuureabHoli cree o6pasonbinanacb OT KavecrBeniBix H OTHOCH- TEADHDIX NpHAaraTeADHDIX IPH MOMOILH cy¢popuKcos “jes, *djes, KOTO pole B Kocbemmbix rlagencax yaccKoro H cpequero (Kpome H-B. n. ea. 4.) poaa H BO Bex najexKax ACCHCKOTO Poza pacripocTpaliAAHich sBy- kom -j. Cyepune *jos (jes). Hin ea. 4. m. pi: lich + jus > anumns (rae*chj > §° )s 1% anu NpWGaBARACCE OKOHWAHHe -H, REPORTHO, Om BAHLANIEM (opM Tra AGE: ran (cM. suowe): Anum + > AMUN. Pon. en. 4M. pu: *lich + jos +j+a> annua (rae*ehj>5', *5)> 5’); @opmbt apyrux Kocsertbix nagemei OGpasobiBaAHch aHaAoruy- Ho, a OKOHYaHHa ObIAH Take ake, KAK HY cyIJecTBHTe AbIBIX. Hn. ea. 4. cp. p.: *lich + jes > anunre (rae *chj > 5”). Hin ea. 4. as, pu: *hich + jos +a > anumurn (rae *chj>5", sj > 3", OKONYaHHe -H BOSHUKAO TI aHadorHHt c cytecrBITeabHIMH ta oc- Hop Tuma FPBABIHH, AAAHH). Cyne *ajos. M. n. ea. 4. Mm. yrparuaca). PL nen. 4. a. p.: tnov + djs ++a> Howmuna (rae tj > mw); POPMBI APYTHX KOCBeHHDN Maqexel O6pascBbIBAAlIch aHaArorHto, a OkOnAHHR GEIAH TAKUMH Ke, KAK Y CYECTAHTEABHBIX, Vn. ea. 4. cp. ps *nov + djes > WoRtiC, Hn ea. a. p.: *nov + djes + j +i > nownnun (rae Ye = n, ty > #). Kax yase 6b110 sameverio spite, KpaTKHe NpHAaraTeAbHBIE B op- Me cpaBHITTeAbHOii CTeneHHT CKAOHAAHCD TaK 2Ke, KAK H pHAaraTeAb- Hble B (opMe noxowitTeAbHOfi CTeneHI, TO ECT TIO HMeHHOMY CKAOHe- Hino Markofi pasniopuanocru; creayer Autite ormenuTe bopmy HL. 1, sat. 4. My2. poua, B KOTOpO!i 6DiAO OKOHAHHe -£ TO THM ocHOR Ha coraac- iii KaMeHe H np. Tloanbie npuxarareapmpie 8 @opMe cpaBiinrexbHofi crenieH o6pa- SOBbIBAAHCH MYTEM NPHCOEAMHEHIA K KPATKHM MIpHAATaTeAbHBIM B cpan- HirreabHoli creneHHt ykasaTeAbtibIx Mectoumernit *js (H), *je (te), ia (1A). 16 2 ‘nov + djss > WOKEN (rae Yj» =H, KoneNHDI s Alva ove opm rake Gout Xapanreprin YnPOWeH, accHMmAR 1 ChmRHUS, KK H AAS TlOAHDIX TIPHAArATEABHDN B MOAOMHTEAbHON cTe~ menu, Hanpumep: P. n. ea. 4. Mp. HoBEHUNA + Kyo > HOBBHUNIAATO > Nom BamTo HT. Aji wescropen: npuarare xsi Goin xapastepen cyACTIBIEM, 70 ecto ‘o6paaonanne ¢bopM nonomrrexbHoi u cpasrmrexbHoit crenettel or paatrk COcHOB: MANS — HIBIHH, KeAHK'S — KOAHH, BEAHH — RAYTUM, ZAK —ropttt (noyipun), aosps — aoyvune (oyiin, coy). JcoGoHi (OpMBI NpeBocxOAHO!t CTETIEHH B CTAPOCAABAHCKOM sbIKE He Gour0, a sHaverue npenocxoariolt creneH BeiparKanoch pastiooGpasHbiMt cmoco6ant: (bopManit CpantirTexbHofi creneHH c NpUCTaBKOH HAN: HAHBAIBE “camoe Goxbuioe';(bopMaml cpaBiifTeaBHolt crenent ¢ MECTOHMeHeM Bhth: BBCEXR MAHHH “cantiit Maxenpxati’; MBHHTE AH ‘BRO TAAHATKANE cHH rpBUTRIFBHUNH nave BKCBYS vaKE wBMA (Map es).C AEKYUIIZ § 1. Mecroumenne 1. B crapocaanatickow sane cyiecruonann excayioujie p a9 pm a bt MecTOHMEH Hit. Austere: 00. 4. 5%. TOL MH 4. MIL KL 2B. 4.88.84. B Kasecrne mecTo- senna 3 ana ynotpe6aaroce yxasateAbtioe MECTOMMeNHE H, 18, HO TOADKO B KOCBeHHDIX NalenaX; B HMEHHTEABHOM rlatexe yroTpe6- Jaoco yaaaTeAbHio® MECTOHMEHHE OB, OHA. cH: STARTEIPALIA ¢ KAY HH, ofa we peve Hana. Bosepamnoc: e8t, KoTopoe, Kak HB PYECKOM ABI, He HMeAO ‘PopMbt HMetnrreabitoro nazexKa. Vasameavupie: Ch. ¢¢, (H: OW, OH, OHA: TB. TO, Ta: OBB, O80, OBA. Mecto- Mere ch ykaabparo Ha Ganakuii npeaMer, aon — na aarexti (cp. pyc. smom — mom). Mecroumese Th vero atavenme npoctoit OnpereAeHHOCTH; MecTOHMeHHe 9B yroTpeGARAOCH NpH MPOTHBONO- CTABACHIOK: OFA — ORK, OH — HIB, OK — APOYTHIM: 1 OBH KA CRIB HRSHPAKR. ORM Ae KB cARITRIPS Tipumaxameavnoe: Mot, MOIS, WOK: THOM, THON THO: CHOH, CHO, cBOKe AWD, HANNA, MAMIE: KAI. KAUNA, BALE Onpeaeaumenonore: Bich, RKCIAK. TARR. CHB. WB, CAN, Bonpocumeaonote: KTS Yur, KU YH. Heonpeaeacnnoe: nih, eT6ph, KOTOPLIN, WRRATS. MEYHTO. WKB, HERD Topait Ompuyameaonete: nunexro. weevere Omnocumennseie: Wk 1s 1%, oBpasoDaMILIC HS CoeANHEHNA yRasa- TeADHDIX MecTOHMeTH H.. & NaCTHUBI mE Koaurecmecknote: KOAHKB. TOK, CEAHK’, KAHKR. 8 2. Cxaonenue amtupix mecroumennii. Xapaxrepuoit seproii ckaonenma AWCSHIX MecTOHMestHit GbIA CYTITACTHBHIM, TO ecTb OGpasoBanHe pas- pix raneattt1x cbopm or paakibrx ocHos. Flapanyray ckaontenua cMor- PH cnpasowHDIX MarepHanax. opmor A. nan, TH, ctt (ea. 9.) 1 HBL BbI (oats 4.) Goeatt orecau- miseckumu, TO ecTb He HMepIIHMH CaMOCTONTeAbHOTO YAapeHHA H TpH- MbIKaBLINMH K MpeAMecTByIoIeMy CAOBY Kax 6bI B_KaYecTBe ero (poHe- THMECKOTO CAOTa: AMAL INH BA ZAHM TPH FABEBI [ Odovcdoau]. Dopwor Bn. wa TA. ca (ex. 4.) H HBL BBL (aH. 4.) ObiaH apxarra- Him PopMamn H sHKAHTHKaMH He apARAHcd. Ynotpebaenue opm P. rn: p xavecrse B. m1. (ntete, TeBe, ce8¢, HACB. BACK) consaHO c pasbHTHeM KaTeropHHt ORYWeBACHHOCTH, MOBTOMY Olli Naiye ynoTpeGARANIcb & Ka- NécTBe nipaMoro joTioAHentia Ges nipeaAora, Toraa KaK apxamsnbre (Pop- Mbt tame ynonpeGamaHice ¢ MpeAAOTaMM: TA BO ARENTA BAC — AAMAR IIA ZA MA ZA CA. Boanparnoe ecronmenne 8 popme B. n. ea. 4. — cA — no or- HoULeHWIO K rAarOAy pacrtoAararoc CBOGOAHO: OY TPNH KO Abb CORK EYETR ca — pABEITA CA THOPA By. 3:Ceaowenue weauuunx mectoumennit, Heammme MECTOUMeHHA HMeAH Apa BapHattTa CKAOHeNM — TwepAbtii H Mar- kui, Tlapanurmy ckAonenus cMoTpH B cpaBouHEIX maTepitanax. a) @opwa B. n. en. 4. myxk. p. Hl Bostimcna 1a coeranna Mec TOMMeHHA *j C MpeAAOTOM von H TepepaaroreHHA sTOrO CoMeTAHHA: *vunzjo > *ven's > vo-ns Flosromy qopma B. n. W ynorpe6asaach 8 Kae ectae ripaioro zonoanenna (6e3 npearora), a opma B. 1. — 8 - kasectse Kocsenvioro aorioanentiia (¢ npearoroM); cp.: HETBINE oyBHMA HH HZBPATOUIA H BAIN HR BHHOTpAAA (Cxeamue, y6uau cro u ebi6po- clutu €20 60M Us eUNOLpuaHuKa) — NPHRCAOLUA H KX MHAATOY HAYAMIA ane gaantTH (ITpuaeau ero x [Tuaamy u cmanu eoseoaume Ha He2o o6eunenus). 6) Mectoumenun &bch 1 cis cRAOSRALCD TO No TBepAOMyBapHaH- ty, 70 no Markomy: cHYTEAS — cHYEr®, 3) Bonpoctrreamiisie Mecronsenus KATO 1 YETO He pasAmvaAHich 10 ponaM u te HaweniAAsice 10 HHICAaM; MECT. KATO CKAOHAAOCD NO THEPAD= Mypapuiatrry, vero — nto markomy. Dopwia T's. 1. BIR Osta BCACA- ctone 2 naxataanaayun K mepen'® < *oi. Dopma P. ni. veco apasetca 9apxaiioil, ussecruoii apyrum maaoenponeiickum asbikam (npyc. slesse); HOBOe OKOHaHIHe -T9 HeRcHHOrO NpoHCKoAK EHH. *) Bonpocuteabioe MecrouMeHtie KBIH CKAOHAAOCb TO Mo MaTKOMY. Bapnalrry o7 OcHonbr KOE: KET, KOEHOY TO Kak MOAHOe TIpHAarA- TeADHOC: KIN, RAINED, a) Heonpeaenetiioe mecronmenite KOTEPRIN ciJONLNAOCH Kak rlOAHOe nipmaarareabiioe, ¢) Heonpenercoe mecronmentte €Tepk cKAOURAOCE KAK KpaTKOe nnpuaarateapioe. § 2. Cuernnie caosa A) Crosa, oGosnavasmite wtcaa or 1 0 4, Gas B crapocaanane- KoM AabIKe MIpHAaraTeABHbIMIE, NODTOMY OME COTAACOBbIBAAHIcb ¢ cyte CTOHTEADHDIMH B PORE, NHCAE H TagenKe: EAHITR OVYCHHNT, EAHIHO cea, ‘ANIA jaa: CANOE OY YEHHKA; ABKA CAMA. ABB AEH: THLE ARIE YETRIQH ABI 1 1. 1. Caosa AMS, AREA. OBA CKAOHAAHICH KaK yKasaTEAbHTDIC MeCTOHME- HMA THI TR, MIpH TOM CAOBa ARBA H OBA YNOTPeGARAKCb TOABKO B ope anoficraeHioro cag. Cana Tpit (Mt. p.) TpH (cp. H 2k. p.) CKAOHRNCD KaK cytecTBH- ‘TeabHBIe c ocHORO! Ha *T> », MpHIeM TOABKO B GopMe MHOKeCTBEH- oro stHcna. Caoso veraipe (a1. p.) ckAonmoen Kak cyInecTBITeABHbIe € OCiO- soft na coraacrbn Tuna kantene: P. verwips, J]. YETHIPAETA HT. 2.3 CAOBO ‘YeTbIpHt (as, p.) Takase CKAOHAAOCE KaK CylecTaHTeABHDIe ¢ oCHOROIE a corAachbift Tuna HATEH. B) Hassanua wicea or 5 20 10 6ban 8 crapocaansticKom sspiKe cYlyecTBHTeADHbIMH H TlOTOMY MOrAH HMeTD npH ceGe onpeseAcHHe: BACK AUB OYLIPT. Om BTOMA CRATAATO CABHHA Ch HICEIMN LECTHIM BPATHA Caona MATa — AeBATH CKAOHAAHCD Kak cyIJecrsiTTeAbHBIE ACeHC- Koro poa c ocHosoii Ha *f> », a cAoBO ACATA — Kak cyecTBH- TeAbHbIe € OCHOBOHi Ha COrAacHbie. B) Haspass sce or 11 20 19 npenctasanas co6oit caopocovera- Hv 13 HaBBaHH eAMENY MeppOro AecsTTKA H CyIMeCTBITeADHIOTO ACCATI 8 opMe MecTHoro tanesKa ¢ NpesAOrOM HA: GAHHTB HA AECATE, AREA HA AGATE HAH OBA MA ACCATE, THM HA AECATE IT. A. 80 B oni caopocoueranitsx CKAOHAAACD TOADKO TepBAS 4aCTD, NpH- yem B OGo3Hayennax 11—14 ata wacTe cozaacyemca Cc cyiyectBHTeAb~ nui, oBosttataiouun mpeaMeT CueTa: ABBOW HA AEATE ABTOY (A’KC.. awry — P.n. ap. 4.); B oGoanaensx 15—19 nepsan vacth yn- paaastem posUTeADHDIM TIae>KOM MHORKeCTBCHHOTO NHCAA CYIeCTBIT TeapHoro, O6o3Hatalomsero MpeAMeT CHeTa: WECTh HA AGATE ABTA (aera — P. nna. 4). T) Hasparma sucea ot 20 20 90 npeacranasns coGoit cxosocovera- lms Ha Hasbanlin *HICEA NlepHOTO AECATTKA H CYMJECTHHTEADHOTO AECATh, npitie 2 oGosttaventax smicen or 20 10 40 n 2T0M caopocoveraHHH 6r1A0 coraacouanne acre anna accaru (aecarH — V4. n. aps), TH. v6 rTuipe asvare (accaTe — HL. a. .); » OGoatasennax sticea oF 50 x0 90 odosiiaves4s enuuiy ynpasian pOAITeAbHDIM ragexoM CyLecTBH- ‘TeabHoro ACATE: NAT AAT WET AGATE 17. a. 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CATOM ABTS, CATE ABTA E) Hasnanus sucea or 200 20 900 npeactanasnt co6oit cxosoco- ueTaHHs Ha Haapalinit eEMHH MepBONO ACCHTKA C CYINECTHHTEADHDIM CATS, pwiem 8 Haspanax 200—400 6u1r0 coraaconarme Yacteli cxonoco- eras, aw Hasnannsx 500—900 nepean acto ynpanasna cyiecrBH- om atTEADHDIM CATO: ABBE CATE, THH CATA, YETAIPH CATA: MATH CAT, WTA CBTR, CAM CATR. Tou cxxonesmm nasnanni 200-400 namersuancn o6e wacru, npit ceaonenun Haasanui 500—900 namenmaace ToabKo repnas acre: HB [anwe care pe cata WEETR CRT [anton carey ‘Tye CAT WeCTH CBT A | snenma corona TphUNe CATON UWKCTH CATA T ABE EMA CATOMA TPhMH ChTbI WECTHIR CATA M.__| Anson entoy TPAKR CRTRKS (CTH RTH Hizparms sicea 200-400 uwerurrexotiom # numreabitoM na- ‘eax YpABAAAK POAITTEABHEIM FAeAOM MHOALECTHCHHOTO MHCAA Cy WecTauTerpHoro, OGostiatasuiero MpeAMeT cyeTa: TPH CATA ZNATHIfR: B OcraabiIX NagesKAX COXpAHIRAGCD HX COFAACOMAHHE: 6 TPEKR CATEKR ZAATHIEK. Haspanna sucea 500-900 ynpasasa poatreabapin nageason yiectaireabHoro MHoAeCTHERHOTO HHICAa BO BCEX nagenkaX: HIECTh CATR ABTS, UECTH CATR ARTA HT. n. 78) Cuernoe cymectsnrerpioe THICAIpIA CTBICRIBL) OTHOCHAOCE K ckAonenmio Ha “jd. O6 o6pazonanuu u cKACHEHHH oBosHayeHnit uucea ot 2000 20 3000 momno ckazarp 70 xe, 470 1 06 o6o3Hate- Husx coreH. 3) Cuernmre cywecrourerbipie TRA, HECARRAA 1 saHMCrHORAN- Hoe ua rpeveckoro aércon's oGoanavaan 10000, a rakaKe Heonpeaeact- No Goxbilice, HecMeTHOe MHOAKeCTBO: TAMA HILAR AOEPRICA ABA: AA NIPOCT'S BANAGUIH TATE TAAANTA: HECKA'EAAMIM MOEHAA ILABHIHRBI: AKA NA AGCATE AGTEOHA AMFCAT: YTO TH HINA 6TH, O1UKE peYe: AereoHtR V4) Caonainie wwicaa o6osnaianich cxowocoveraHisMn ¢ co1oaoM M: AGKATH ORTH H YETHIPE AGATA H CEAMIA ABR = 947. K) Carona n crosocoserains, o6oanavasume nopaaxosbie sca, Gia TpuAaraveabitona; HX KpaTKHte POPMD THA MFAKA. KATOPA, CEAN CKAO- Houtice No liMelmIOMy cKAOHENIO C ocHIOBAMM ta "C, “a7; HOMIE @opsbt (HaTophin, TpHHAACCATAMBIM, CATRITKIN, TAICAIPBIKIN) CRAOHANNC 110 MecTouMeniomy ckAoHeHt. 82 A) Carona, Hasbisapnive mitoxecTbo CEA Kak enscTBo (co6Hpa- TeAbIIbIe THCAHTEABHDIC), ObIAH cyIJecTRHTeABHBIMIE CpezHeTO POAa equucTBeNHOro SHICAa H CyIJECTBITeABHIDINE Cex Poros B ABolicTHEH- Host w morsecTBertiom smucAax. OHH CKAOHSAHCD, KaK HEAHHIE Mec ouneria: Hi. tpon, P. rponyn. ZI. tpn, T. tporn, M. rpoHy.G& AEKWUA 104 § 1. Ipammaruueckne KaTeropun rAaroAa Be raaroapnote @opmbt neasren wa criparaempre (uameriembie no $AKAOHEHHAM, BpeMeHAM, AMUAM H HcAaM) H Hecnpsraembte — He- amcnmemute (wepunumus i cynun) H cKAOHReMBIE (npuNacmue). Tpammaririeckumn KaTerOpHsaMH CTapocAaBAHCKOrO raaroaa 6bLAK creayrorne: ‘ + WaKAoHeHHe — Hopaniteabtoe, cocaaraTeABHoe, oneAHTTeAb- Hoe. + Bpemsa — nactonee, apa 6yaymax 1 4 npomeaumx — um- nepiperr, aopuicr, nepipert H nAockBaMmeppeKt; * cmoco6 zeicrT Bua — oanoxparumtii u mHoroKparubsi; + anyo —1,2,3-¢; + 4c AO — eanncTBentice, apojicrnettoe 1 mHoAcecTREHHOE. Kax suqu, crapocaansticknit raaron oTanyaAca oT coBpeMeHHOro Pyeckoro raaroaa npearme Bcero cucremoio Bpemert. Uo Kacaeres crio- coba aelicrans, To poTHBonocTaBAeHHe OAHOKpATHDIX H MHOTOKPATHBIK TAaroAon 6p1A0 HaxGoAee ApeBtHM (HaNp. TABKHATH — TABKATH); xa aToli octione craxo PopMlponabca HoBOE npoTHBONOCTaBAeHHe — Copepmientoro M HecoBepuleHHOTo BHAA, ‘ITO OTpaXKeHO B NaMsTHHKAX cTapocaananckoit nuceMentiocri. § 2. Ocossr raaroaa Bee raaroabuble (PopMbI B CTapOCAaBAHCKOM sabiKe o6pazoppipa- Aiteb OT onMtoit #3 AByX OcHOR: — uncpuHTHBA RHAB-TH, HECTH HAH Hacromero BpeMeHt — RUAH-TA, HEE-TA, Bee raaroant Hactonuero ppeMeliit 9 MpOTOCAABMHCKOM ABDIKE Ae Awaneb Ha 5 KAaccoB; ocHoBaHMeM AA AeAeHHA GEIA TeMaTHYeCKHi BAeMeHT, KoTOpbIii OGOPMASA OcHORY KaxKAOTO KAACCa; B MIpACAaBsic- 84 Kom sabike TpOHZOLAG riepepaaroasenHe OCHOB H TeMaTHMecKHit BxeMeHT OAHOCTIO HAH HACTHHO fIpeDpaTHIACH B OKOEMAHHE HAH CYQXPHKC. 1 kaace o6paBonbinani FAarOAbI C HepeAOBABMINMHCH TeMaTHECKH- MHL PAACHBIMH fe / 40: *nes-e-te > nes-etw = MEET / *nes-o-me > rnes-omrs = NEC OM; 2 Kaacc o6paz0BbrBaaH rAanOAbl C HepeAOBAHHEM TEMATHYECKHX BAC- Merton ‘ie / tno: *such-ne-ty > swchn-ety = CAXH-ETR / *sech- no-nte > svchn-qto = CXWARTR; 3 waace o6pasosbinanitrAavOAbl € HepeqOBaHlHeM TeMaTIMECKINX BAC- meron *je / *jo: *zna-je-te > znaj-ete =7HaL-eTs /*zna-jo- nto > znaj-qlo = 3HA-RTR: *pis-je-te > pii-ete = MMULET / *pis-jo-nte > pii-ato = MMWLATE 4 aac oGpasonbiBaaH rAaroAbl c TeMaTHYeckuM rAactIM *i: *vod- tw > vod-ite = BOANTE, *mol-i-te > mol-ite = MONAT: 5 Kaace cocraBAAAH TAaPOABI apXaH4ecKOro CripszkeHHA Ges TeMaTH- AWBIe OKOHMANA Y BTHX TAAFOAOB MpHCOE AI aac HerlocpencTReHHO K KOpIO; TaKHX rAaroAOB 6bLA0 BETO nae: suTH 1a. nacr. op. ea. 4. Kolb <*esme nacm yraaroxop LI, LI] xxac- con. Y raaroros TV xaacca ato oKoHYaHMe BOSHHKAO NO aHaaorun, a ‘Tematuyeckas raacHan *i > j: *nosiq > *nogiq > MOUM, rae 5 < ty, 2. Onomianne 3 anya mhomectscitore SCAa-&TR, “ATR HOSHHK- Ao Ha TeMaruMeckoii rAacHoli H ipoTocAaRaHcKoro oKOHYattiiA-nti: *pas- o-nti > MAcKTB; *nos-i-nfi > MocaTR 3. ¥ neremariveckux raaroxon V kaacca » 3 ame easticraensoro H MHOZKeCTBEHHOTO YHCAa H3peAKA BCTPeYaIOTCA opMbt Ges OKOHYaHHA Th: BAC, MONE, K (aM, KeeTR), HEN, FIpwta sToro HeacHa, 4.B 1 auue mriomectnernoro snicaa Hapaay oxonanHeM-R yrioT- peGasAoce oKOHYaHHE MI, smABuLeecs MecToHMeHtteMt 1 ana MtonKe- CTpeHHOrO SHicAa Mbt: RIB HLLAMBL. KHL § 4. Cupsxenne raarona n 6yayuyem Bpemern 1. Byaymee npocmoe apems npeactasanro cobalt no pope Hactos- lee BpeMa rAaroA0D CoBepULeHOrO BHAA: MATHTA — KAZMATHTA, Neca, — paneer, Kou — zaxopeun, 2. Byayuyee nepace caoacrioe Bpemn o6pas0nbisaroce np noMouLi BcnoMorateapHoro rAaroxa HMKTH B HaCTORUJeM BpeMettt, K KOTOPOMY TPHCOeAHHAACA CMBICAOBO! FAarOA B cPopMe HEpunETTHBa: Ex Do Mu. [ ta. [rnnatnn roca MMAR HocHTH HuAnrR HOCHTH 24. | Maun HOCHTH HMAATA HOCHTH MATE HOCHTH Fa. | wmare nocurn | wave wocnrra HORTA HeCHTTH Hnoraa » Kayectse BcnomorateAbHoro ynoTpe6AmAHCh rAaroAbL ynorpet JOTRTH HW MAYATH: YRTO AE YAIR TAATOAATH: CAH CA. HEHABHABTH HAYRUATR. 86 3. Byayuree amopoe cAoxcHoe Bpemsi o6pa30BbiBaAoch TPH TOMOIIH BcnoMorateAbHoro raargaa BAITH, cripsrapuleroca B ripocroM GyayiseMt DpeMeHH, K KOTOPOMY NIPHCOEAHHRAOCE TIPHHACTHE Mfg: CMBICAOBOTO TAB~ TOAa,KOTOPOE HEMetLAAOcb NO POAAM H MUCAAM: BAAR ZHANG, HANA ZHA- BAACUIM ZHAN, ZHaNA. NaNO HT. 2. Bropoe cxoztoe Byayiuee BEN oGostavano neficrane, npeamectuytoruee apyromy Aeiicreio 8 GyZyINeM, 10 ect GbiAo OTHOCHTCABHDIM: AA AIJE HI ACCHT ACH CHLIPBTHB! 8B IPBCBR To KACKAHR CA H POAHAH BAAELTA, TO ecTD ecu Hac Sacmuener dene chepmsali a0 ypexax, Mo sa4eM Not U POAUNCA. § 5. Cupsoxenme raarona 5 umuepdexre Homepipexm 6 oman 1a 4 npomessux spewest, opm usnep- (bextra ynorpe6ananch Torda, Kora Hayo GoiA oGoaHaKIT AelicTAHE B MpOLLAOM Kak AAHTEABHOe HAH TloBTopstomecca: YAK CANIN. ee ine ovr ata wept (Map ca); m Renouia Wea Ka apxnepcoy Karp: (Soxp); WNCAAALIC HACKITHTH CA OTA fOHelfs WAC BABAYR CRHHHIA, H HHKATO A Aatsaue enoy (Acc e2); novromy ont o6pasosbiBansice oF octoB Mioro- xpamibix raaroaos. 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Cycbopue “Bax: CaaK ynorpeBanrcs pi o6pasonatie uMmeppex- ‘ra of ocHos migutirrHpa Ha corAackbie: Eamicrseimce sicxo | 1a. tnes-dach-o-m > HECBAXB 2a, tnes-dach-e-s > HECBAUIE nes-dach-e-t > HeCBAUE Muoasecreeiice sicao | 1a. *nes-dach-o-me > MecBaXourns *nes-tach-e-te > HECBAMETE 1a. tnes-dach-o-ve > HECBAXORE 2a. *nes-dach-e-ta > WEBAUIETA 3A. tnes-dach-e-te > WeCBAMETE Apoiicrnenioe sHex0 87Sror ake cyppuke mpmersAcs npn oGpasosarH mnteppeKra rAa- roron Il Kaacea, Wo or ocHou»1 nactoniyero pester: CaxH-m — CAKWRANS, a Take NpH O6pasonanMH uMephexra OT rAaroAoB, ocHO- Ba HHUpHHHTHBA KOTOpDIX paBHa KOPHIO H OKAHYMBaAACh Ha TAACHBIe U, ¥, bI, Ho OBpasoBantHe qopM! NpOHCKOAHAO TakaKe OT OCHOBDI HaCTO- snyero npement pia — 1.2. en. 5. MHA: pRIENAY; Brox axe cypopuce ymorpeGasncs np o6pascBanut uMmepspeKTa raaroaon TV kaacca or ocHosst uupunurupa: 2 A. en. 4. “vod-i-dach- €-5 > *vodjdaches > vos'd aches > *voz'd'aache = RORAIAAUK. Fenn octioma raaroaa oxairimpaAach Ha sagiienspriinie CorAacDie, To npoucxoauaa ux 1 ‘nararaansayns, a d nocre utHmaygero > ‘a: *mog-dache > *moz'aachy > MORAN’. Cyeppince -max- (-jaach) ynorpebanaca npn o6pasonarnn usnep- ‘Perra or octios ¢ HenoaHorAaceM B Koptie: HAK-TH —*mel-jaach > eawaye: BpaTH ca — *bor-jaaches > RopeLays. Cytpopue -ax- ynorpeGasaca npi o6paaoBaim maneppexra or oc- Hop MHpMHITHBa Ha rAacHBle a Hd: ZHATH — 2HAAKR: RHARTH — BHABAYS Hinmepqexr raarona BRITH oGpasosbiancs He oF ochoBét niin ‘Tima, a oF ocoGoli ocHosbI RE ptt NOMONIH cyChpuKca -AK-: KBAR. Balle BRAQOUR WT. A, HeKoTopbix namaTHKax Crapocaananicroll miceMentocrt (Cansut- 110i xiuare, Craiaiickoit ncaxroipy) orparkaeres crmkeHe PAackX: aa > a, 4a > a: HOUAAyR > HOWAy. BHARAYR > BHARYA. Caeayer sanevity, “To oGpasonane @opMbt uMneppexra He oF cHoBbt HoxpunTuBa, a oT OcHODD HacromIgero BpeMeHH ODIO AKHBOH TenseHuMell, oTpaxkernoit namsIruiKamH CrapocaaBAHcKolt MCcbMeHHO- em, ocobento Cynpacanckoit pyxonticero: sec Berperatorcn 708 BAA- We, NPHIERRATAAME, KeCBAOVIAME 1 Ap. -q— voymann: kryj-a — § 6. Cupsoxenne raaroaa B aopuere Aopucm — avo popwa npouteamero Bpemenu, KoTopas oGoaHa- ‘ana aelicraue ® nipouiAom Kak Conepumpuutiica aKt; B sTol copme BeACTER pacckas 0 TOM, HTO CAYMHAOCD, HTO MPOUSOILIAD, NosToMy 9Ta Popma ynorpeGasaacb walle B nobecTRopanun, TOrAa Kak HMMepKpeKT 88 sarge wcroansosanca 8 oncart. Bciay cBoero stave aopucr sae oG6paz0pbiBarcs OT TAATOAOB OAHOKPATHOTO ACHCTBHA, ‘Dopeist aoputcra oGpazonbtmanrich HAK HeNocpeacTBeHHO OT OCHO z* bbl HHKpHHTTHa, HAN Tip MlocpeacTBe cygouKcd *-s; nepBai opma HasbinaeTCA NpOCTbIM aOpHCTOM, a BTOpay — CHTMATHNECKHM. Tipocroit aopuer TIpoctoft aopucr o6pasonbisancs oT ockos Ha coraacniit nyneM InpwcoeaMHeHt K HIM TeX :ke TEMATHNCCKIDE FAACHIOX H_AISHDIX OKOH- ‘anni, wro HB HMmeprperte: Ta. tnes-o-n > HEH Zn, tnes-e-s > Wece Ba, tnes-ext > weee La. *nes-o-nre > HECOm La, tnes-e-te > meceTe Ba, tnes-onnt > HEC Eaumcrnernice wicao Maoneeernermioe s0c00 ‘Apaicmeoe e30 3a. Ynes-e-te > MECETE Tpocroii aopuer as crapocaapsticKoro mapixa GoiA Yate apxaie moist oGpaaopantten; B TlaMUITHKaX CTapocAaBAHCKOf niceMeHHOCTH Gout 8 ynorpeGaeniu npaktiveckn Toanko dpopmbt 2 w 3 ana emu Cernentioro ‘Hicna: HAG, HAAG, HECE. CAPT, pE¥E HEAP. Curmarnaecknit aopuer A. 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Apesuuii tun or ockos wipirmtupa Ha coraacunte Curmarieckuti aopict apeatero Tuna o6paaopbiBanct, TAaBHIM 06pas0oM, Of TaKUX OCHOB Ha COTAACHBIE, OT KOTOPHIX He O6pasoBbIBAA- ca npoctoii aopncr: waille Bcero 9TO OCHOBBI C TAACHLIM € B KopHE — HeC- BEA. PEK Ht ap. Ea. | 14, *ved-s-on > BBCh: *rek-s-on > PBN, rae *s > ch Yansmenue rracuoro 8 nopite noaweyseer Yepary corAacioro, npouewenuyio ncreacroue neicrous saxoua nocxoanpe auysoc, Bo 2 1 3 ame ynorpeGaanses ¢popseet npoctoro aopucra, Maw | 1a *ved-s-ome > BCom: *rek-s-ome > PRAM 2a Moed-ste > BBETE, treble > pore 3a. "ved-s-nt > *y véisint > véise = wrRCA *rek-s-nt > “rekchnt > *rechn°t > *rechint > *rdig > pA B, Hosstit in or octios usipunurrusa a coraactoii (Curmarieckuit aopiicr Hoporo Tira or ockos uHpumuHna Ha co- Aacttilt sBARAC CAABAHICKHIM HoBOOBpasonariiem. Ox obpasonbiBaAcn OF Bcex ociioB Ha corAactbil, H HOBHSHa ero BaKAOUAAACb B TOM, STO Meacay OCHOBOF H CYM>DUKCOM -s, KoTOpIli NH onpeAeAetHEIK poHe- THMECKHX YCAOBIIX NepeXOAHA B ch HAH §", NORBHAACH CoeAMHHTEAD- ast PAACHAR 9: PEKOK'R. POKOXOUTA, EKOCTE, PEROWA HET. 2. 90 § 7. Crpmxenue raaroaa 8 nepdexre Tlo o6pasonanmto neppexm 6xia cAowsHO!K bopMoli, coctossurel Ha BcnloMoraTeAbHor rAaroAa BAITH B HACTORILEM BAeMeNit H ripHaCTHI € cyopimcom -A- cipsraeworo raarona: 1 A, KERR MHCAAK, NHCAAA, cade: 2 a. tecH micans: 3 A, KET MEARE H 7. a. (cM. crpapoumete Ma- repuaani). Hepeaxo, ocoGento » Cynpacanckoit pyxonuci, scmomo- raveapibili FAaroA yrpauHBaAcs: Bh HERE BRCTA Th, BACTANK BO H BhCE AGHAER CABRCTABHAR. Tleppexr 6bia ¢popmoii npowieamero ppement, Koopa oGosHaa- ‘Aa TaKoe AeiicrsHe B MIpOULAOM, peayAbTaTHI KOTOpOTO NpHCyTCTEY!OT BS macromem WAM HOtCIOT web CMDICAT AAA KEM BEECARC Bb PAYEE Moeur — jamnte NpOHONIAG B TIPOUIAOM, a BECENDE HMEETCA HB Ha CTOmIjeM; KRZARKHAR KCH ZBAOKA MAYE BAATOCTBINIA — TlOAIOGHA Ht Mo6uuIb ceifyac, B HacTosiyee BpeMa. § 8. Cpsxenme raarona B MAIocKBammepipexre Taockeamnepipexm raxaxe 6r1a cAoxstoit opmoli, KoTopan MorAa Germ» obpasosaiia aByMa criocobaM. 1. K scrioworareastiomy raaroay BKITH, criparanuiemycn 8 HMMEppeK- Te, MpHCOEAMIITAOCH IpHACTHE C C¥tppPHKCOM A 1a. en. 4. BRAKE MHCANE, 2. K ncnonorateabHony raaroay BAITH, criparaBiliemyea B aopuicTe, p= CoeaMHinADch NpHACTHE C CyCppHKCOM “A 1a. ca. 4. BRYB MHCANA TLaocksamneppexr 6p1a cpopmoii npoueamero Bpemens, Koropan oGostiataAa jeiicTBHe, Mpoutcmieamiee patie Apyroro zelicrBHA B TIpOUt- JOM: BPAT'A Ch PTR BK H CAMBE HZTRIBAR BT (navocxsanneppexm) WW o8pT¢ Caopucm) ca § 9. CocaarareabHoe HakAoneHne Cocaararensioe (ye senor) saiexonenne 6bix0 UppeaAbiibi HakAOHE- viuest: oto OGosttaano HoaMoxsHOe Np TEX HAM HEX YEAOBHAN HAI Ate AaTeAbHOe AcTicTaNe: AME BM BAIXSTEAR PATER ANE GHEK onTlepsonayaabHo yCAOBHOe HaKAOHEHHe O6pas0BbIBAAOCb OT OCOBDIX (PopM scrioMoraTeABHOTO rAarOAa BBITH, K KOTOPLIM NpHCOEAHHAAHCD npwvactus c cydpuxcom -A- 1A. ea. 4, BHMK HECAB, 2 A. BH, 3 A, BH Ta. mm. 4. shure, 2 a. BHOTE, 3A. BA Tlosaitee 8 kayecrse BcriomorareabHoro rAaroAa CTaAH HCTIOAb30- Bat (opmpl aopucra raaroaa KRITH: 1 A. ef. 4. BAIR 2 A. BB. 3 A. Bl, Ta. mn. 4, BhIXoMA, 2 A. BHICTE, 3 A. BRAUN, § 10. Moseaureasnoe naKaonennue Tlosexrrrexbrioe HaxAoHere Bbipaxkano nodyznete K seficTEIO, ripoce- 6y HAH npumasarme: BRIHIRTE BEA H KHBA BRACTE AMA RAMLA Tloseasreasiioe HakAOHeHHe HMeAO aBe popmbt opasosania — cuiTeTHMeCKyIo H anaaHTHiecKyIo. Y raaroaos | # II kaaccos cunrernueckan dbopma oGpasonpiBanacd TipH NOMOWSH CyMpipHKca-H- B EAHHCTBEHHOM SHCA H-%- — BO MHOMKe- CTeenHoM # ABolicTHeHHOM HMcAaX. OTH cytpukcbl NPOHCKOAHAK 13 auproxra*oi, rae*o — 6piro Temarweckoll raactoli ocHonet, a*i — GbIAO MpOTOCAABAHCKHM Cy(PPHKCOM HMTepaTHEa: 2a.ea4. — *nes-o-i-s > nesoi > necH; Za.mn.4. — *nes-o-i-te > nestle > necRre. Baaneaspribie coraacuie nepex cydipukcamit audtonrweckoro NPOUCKomAeHHA TOABEPrAHCH BTOpO! MaAATAAHaalLHH: 2a. en. 4. *mog-o-i-s > *mogi > most or Moy < *mogtei. Y raaroaos pelpit, nelpl, Telit nip o6pasoBaniH cpopM uMmepaTiBa HaGMOAAAOCH epenoBaHie B KOPHE € /: PYM. NAH. THYH, rae <*k. *rok-o-i-s > *roki > eee Mtn Y raaronos Ill w TV kaaccos popmnt noveatreabioro HaKAOHEHET 06- PASORDIBAAHCH TOABKO C CYEpXPHKCOM “He: ZHAH — ZHAHTE, HOCH — HOcHTTE, Y ueremaruueckux raarozoa (V kaacca) 8 eAHHCTBeHHOM wHCAE HcnoAbsoparcn cyqxpuc *-js, BCA/CTHHE Yero COFAACHIe OCHOBEI TIOA- Bepraancs fioronoii nanaraansaynt: *dadjos > AAKAb, *jadjos > WAKAb, “vadjos > BBAAb: To aToMy xe OGpasyy O6pasoBarach popma HMTIe- patupa rAaroaa RUARTH: RHAAK. Bo mHoxecraetioM H ABoficTBeHOM MUCAe ynorpeGasAcn oBbruttbtit cydepHKc -H: AAANTE, IAAHTE, BBANTE, Cunreruveckan cpopma umneparusa 6biaa a 2 43 auue ea. 4. #1 2 anue ap. # Mit. 4. (eM. cnpaposnbte MarepHanbl 92 B 1 amye en. +. 3 anue an. w mi. 4. yrorpe6annacn anaairiiec~ kaa (OpMa MOBEAHTeEADHOTO HaKAOHEHHA, KOTOPaN OGpas0BDIBAAACD PH TOMOIMH 4ACTHYDI AA Ht FAaPOAA B qopMe HacTomIyero BPeMeHH: Focito AW, Ad HE MOCTRIKAR A ERO MPHZRBAXA TA: TOAA CRIICH BA HOABH AA SBCAURT B's FopbsAEKYUS 11 Hecnparaempie dbopmpr raarosa § 1. Undunnras 1 cynr KX HeHaMersimbIM HMeHHDIM (bopMaM TAarOAa OTHOCHAHCh MHCpHHH- ‘run 1 cymt Hxdourumus — nporocnansvickoe Howoobpasonanue; HeKoraa oH npeAcTaBARA CoBoH was, o6pasopattie OF rAarOAbHLit oCtOBDt, KOTOPYIO Tenlepb HasbinaloT MHCpHEHTHBHO!, nipx nomousH cyddpuxca *lei; aTo HME CKAOHAAOCD No THT ocHoB Ha *t. BnocaeactsHH, ele B AONCbMeHIHyIO BMOXY, OHO YTpaTHAO HaMeHEHHe, TAK KaK Ha BCEX MaNeXKHBIX (popMt OC- ‘TaAach B ynoTpeGverHH o7Ha (opMa AaTeAbHOro naserka (osTOMy MODKHO ‘ckasaTB, 4T0 No npoHexomAeHHKO HHIpENTHB — To sacromBtiad opMa aveanuoro manera). S10 nponsouiA0 BeAeACTBHE TOFD, TO 3TO HMA YOOTPEGAMAOC HCKAIONHTEADHO B CHITAKCHYECKO! NOBHUMH KocBeHHO- To AONIOAHEHISE pH TAArONe HAH CYIJECTBIETEABHOM B COpMe AATeABHO- ro nianemsa. Hanpuaep: MBI MOASEACTR ABAATH AAA MOCBAARBINAATS Ma: CBINTR YAOBBYACKBIH HE HMIAT KANE FAB! MOAAKAGHUITH: HEITAARI pHK- ca *-t- >t, ep. nav. dele-t-um “srro6es yrnsrroseTs’. So UM CKAO- HyAOCb No THN OcHOB Ha *U, oAHaKo ellje B AOTHICbMeHHYIO snoxy yr- PATHAO CAOBOHSMeHEHHe, TAK Kak HB BCEX TaAe:KHEIX OpM OCTAAACD B yronpeGaciit oala cpopeia nuturreantoro mage (OSTOMY MOAHO Cka- 3aTb, TO cyTMH — 970 sacroIIAN opMa BIUUTeABHIOTO MaexKa OT- FAaroAbtoro iment). Do npowsoUIAO BCAEACTBHE Toro, ¥TO 9TO 1M 94 YnoTpeGARADCh HCKAIONHTeABHO B MOSHI MpAMOTO AOMOAHEHHA TIpH TAAPOAAX ABHIKEHHA Am YKa3aHHA Ha WeAb ABWOKEHHG; CyTMH TpeGoBaA ZRONOAHEHIE B ponitTerDrOM NanerKe: KRINCAR HART KBZACKAMIMYS: TpHAC BHAT rpekA (Map ca); HAR phiBR AGRHTR (Sorp cuhynoctaan Woymarra ca (Cun mp), Yore 8 noaqmx crapocAaBslicKix TeKCTaX cy- IIH CTaA BaMeHATbCR HHCpHHITHBOM: HAA oyFOTORATH MCT, Cyr KaK hopma raaroaa 6bIA B pasHoe BEM YrPAeH ACEMH CAABSIHCKHMI A3bI- xamn (8 cep6ckom — eiye B ROmHcbMeHHyIO anoxy, B pyccKOM — K. XIV b., w weuiccom —'x XVI .), coxpanenmich ToAbKO B cxOBeHtC- KOM H HIDKEAYARHKOM AIBIKAX. § 2. Iipuuacrue Viamensemofi meinioi dpopmoli raaroxa 6bixo npuvacrue. TIpusacmue — 3t0 @opma raarona, KoTopan oOweauHAeT B cebe MIpHSHAKH TAaroAa — BpeMs H 3aAOr H MIpHSHAKH MpHAATaTeABHOrO — oa, sHcAo H rranens. Kax npwrarareantoe, mptacte uMeAO KpaTKyIO 1 TlOAHYIo opty. Aeiicrsureasnoe npuuactue Hactomtero BpemenH TIpuvacrus aeiicrorrrexpitoro saAora nacTomjero ppeMetit o6pa3081- [BAAHCh OT OCHOBbI HaCTOAINeTO BPeMeHH MPH NoMoNNK cydxpHKca *-nl, K KoTopomy npitcoeamarocs nianemtioe (it ponoBoe) oKOHaHHE, Vi neg. 4. o. px: tnes-o-nt-s > nesuns (0 WaMewieTcs B UB KOH- ue crosa) > ech; *veid-i-nt-s > *vidins > vide = BHAA. Taxon o6pasom, 5 oToM nageake npHacTiil mynkckoro H cpeaHeTo pona y raaroxos I, II V kaaccos 651A cyeppuc -th ay raaroaos IIT u TV saaccos — cytppune -a: BcAedcrBIe nepepasaoxeHUr OCHOB aTOT cyqppinke mpenpaTHAca B OKOHaHHE. B xocserix nanenkax cydpprake npiiacrist pacripocTpaHaAcn 3By- wom *j: Poin. en. a. M. p. *nes-o-nt-j-a > MECAIBA, *2naj-0-nt-jpa > ZHABRIpA: *veid-i-nt-j-a > BHAAIBIA. TIpwactun akenickoro poaa pacnpocrpansianes a8yKaMi ja Kak 1B veltifTeabiOM, TAK HB KOCBEHHDIX nanenKaX: Hn. eas 8. as. pas *nes-o-nteja > necaapan, *vid-i-nt-j-i > *nes-o-nt-ja-m > wecmia:*veid-i-nt- 95Oxorsaiue -W 5 iM, 1. nosBHAocD rom BAKAHHeM CAOB Tua MHAd TRI, FYBABIE: Tax B crapocAaBaHcKoM asbike o6pazonaance cydxpuKcer neiCTBH- TeabHDIX pHNacrHii HacTommero Bpemennt: y raaroaos I, IL, IIL w V xaaccos -myp-, y raaroxos TV xaacca ~All Aeiicrorrexnnbie npwiacran Hacromyero ppemettt cKAOHAALCE He- Korga no Tumy ocHoB Ha coraacHbili, OCTaTKOM Hero SBAKeTCA OKOHYA- HMe HMeHHTeABHOTO NiamlexKa MHO:KecTBEIHOTO “CAA MYAICKOTO pona Hecaupe (aK KaMette), a aareM nonaaK nog BALAHHe cKAOHEHIR Ha *jo (wyascnoii # cpenimit pox) u *ja (skerceatit pox). Ca. cnpapownmre Marepannt Aiicromreamimie npxsactna npomteamero npemez TIpwiacraa nipomeamero spemen aeficrorreastioro aaaora o6pa- SOBDIBAAHcH NYTeM NpHCOCAMHEHHA K OCHOBE HHMuMITHBA CyPpUKCOB *-us, *-ttus; nepabili npucoenmHaAca K OcHoBaM Ha coraactibili H TAac- uotii H, BTopoi — x ocTaxbibiM octonaMt Ha rAacuti. Hin. ea. 4. m. p, *ved-us > Bean, *rek-us > gen, *rod-i-us > yomab, *znauus > ZHawh, *veidd-uus > BHARRA, *bei-uus > KHRR. Tlocrenento cypuxe *-uus craa ynorpe6artsca u mpi o6pa30- aii npuvacruit or raaroaon Ha H: *rod-i-uus > pea; ocobenHo muoro TaxHx caysaes B Cynpacabcroli pyxomucn. B‘xocwennnix nageax npitiacruii myzckoro H cpeanero pona 4 Bo Bcex rlagenax npitiacruil meHtcKoro poMa CYPPHKC MpHYACTHA pace Npoctpatiaaca nocpeactoM j: Pon. ea. 4. M. p. *ved-us-j-a > wexnumta, *rek-us-j-a > pexaune, *2na-uus-j-a > qHawauma: H. 1. ex. 4. 2%. p. *ved-us-j-i > KeARUIH, *zna-uus-j-i > zHawswn, *nakin-us-j-i > wavetauin, *rod-i-us-j-i > pomanunn. TIpimactua or raarona HTH o6pasoBbiBaAlicb OT OCHOBDI INbA: IBA, WaaaUlA. Tpuvacrua npouteauero Bpemeni cKAOHAANCD TaK 2ke, KaK Npitia~ tna Hacromuero npenesm (em. cripanownbie matepraxnt), Crpaaarcapnnie mpaiacraa Hacronuery spemenm Crpanareabibie npiiacria Hactomuero spemenit o6pasosniBaaice OT ocHoB HacTomyero BpemenH npH NoMoMH cygepuKca *- 96 H. mea. 4. . p. ReAGHTA, ABHTHON. ZHACID. XEAAHINR Vn ex. 4. a8. p. REAOUA. ARHICHOMA, ZHACKA, KRAAHINA Crpanareanunie npwacria HacTosilero BpeMellH CKAONAAMCD B My2KCKOM H CpeAHEM poe mo THNY ocHoB Ha *d, B 2keHCKOM pone — no Tuny octos Ha *@ (cM. cnpasowtnte matepiarst).. Crpanareannte npuacran npoweamero mpemenn CrpanareabHbie npytiactia npouleauiero BpemMeHt o6pasoBbIBaAHch Of OCHOBDI HHOHAHTHBA TPH NOMOUNH cyppuKcos *-en, *-n, *-1. Cyq- dmc *en npymenarcs rp o6pazonaHiH npHsacTHii oT ocHOnbI Ha co- raacubii: *ved-en-v, a, 0 > BEACH, A. 0; *dvig-en-% > ABHACHR; *hol-en-w > Kenett; *na-dom-en-o > HAMAMEHB. Stor ae cypuKe TipaMensacs: px o6pasopanitt npudactait c ocHopoit Ha *i: *chvali-en-» > *chvaljeno > XBanewh; *voz-i-en-» > *vozjene > BemeNs; Svort-iven-v > *vraljen > KpAIperr Cyoquxc *-n npumewsuca npn oSpasonanni npiiacraii or ocHoB ua ta: *dala-n-» > ABAAHE; *zna-n-» > THA. Cyqeuxe *-1 npumensaca npx o6pasonanHi nipuvactuii oT ocHoB, panuix Kopiio W oKaHuvnanuInxca Ha raaciDlit HAW TAapuDIit *r: Xbei-t-o > BHT; *poi KaaT: slir-t-% > CTphTR YY nexoropanx raronon 6o1A0 To aBe ¢bopMl npitiacrHsE, O6pas0BaHt- 1HbIx npH rloMoNIH paatENx cyoMpuKcOR, HaripHMep: BHTH — BHT'R, BHC: APBTH — APHTA PEAR: KPLITH — KPRREHTR, KpBITA. Tloamme npauactun Tloannte npiiactia, Kak H TloAHDIe npHAaraTeAbHbie, OOpasonDiBa- Allch NYTeM NpHCOCAMHEHIS K KpATKOMY NpHYACTHIO YkaaaTeADHOrO Mectoumenna *jo, *je, ¥ja (Ww, 1¢.1a): MACK ++ H = MackIH, MACKIBH + a Tacyptie; NACKUNH + HA = MACKUNHIA HeceHTR + Ht = MECEHBIN HT. a. Tloatmie npuuactus CKAOHAAHCH 110 MECTOHMeHHOMY CKAOHEHHO.& AEKYUA 124 Heu3mensemure u cAy>xebunIe uacru pew § 1. Hapeune Tlo suaveriio napewns pasmeanatice Ha HapesHa Mecra, apeMeH, Meppi 1 o6pasa aelicraus. Tlo npoucxonsnerao Hapewer Goin mecrommernmnan 1 wmesanar. Me- cMouMeHHbIe HapeuUs Mecma OBPABOBbIBAAHCD OT MECTOHMEHHDIX OCHOB Tip ROMOKUH cytppUNKCOB -AF, AMS -RAQY:CAAE A44cco, KBAC ze, BBCRAE 6cAC, OH AG A@teKo, OBA 346Cb, HHTAAE 2e-mo, HAE 2e-mo maM, CBM cioga, TAME ysa, KANO KYAG, KRASY KYAG, KARAT KYAA, BLCEMD 20 8ce crmopoxbt, oH. Wo myaa AaneKo, oMAASY ommyaa uaaaeKa, BAND C0Aa, OBRAVY omcioza ¢ smotl cmoponel, HHAKIO @ noe Mecmo, IAM KY.Aa-mo, OBOERARY ¢ obeux mopon. Mecmounennoie Hapewus epemenu o6paz0BbiBanich oT MeCTOHMeH- 1HbIX OcHOB Nip NoMOILH CyepHKca -FAA, KoTOpEAii TpHCOeAMIMIACA K OC- 'HOBE TOcpeACTBOM TAACHDIX 0 /€ HAM: TOTAA, TBFAA KOFAA, KAFAA: BRCCT AA OBOTAA, OBBMAA celiac, @ Smo apeMst; HHOTAA, HATA @ Hoe BpeMs; eran xoua > ecau. Hapesnur co ataienien Mepol apemettu o6pasoxpisa- Juco CYEHDHKCAADHBIM HAM MPHCTABOSHO-cY(RPHKCAADTDIM cTOCOGOM Tipit THOMOILM cYtppiKca -AH, Ab “AT, TIpHICOCAHHARIeTOGH NocpeACTHOM 8 / ¢: OTR CEAM (OT CEA) c amOv0 apeNenu; AO CENT 40 9rI020 apeMeHu; TOAH, ‘Toh, TON cmoab, cMOABKO BpeMeHtL, 8 mo apend; AOTOAT 0 mex nop; OTA TONE c mo2o BpeMeHtL, AO Mex nop; KOAH, KOA. KOA Ha cKOADKO ‘9peMenu; Ao KOAH, AO KONE 0 KaKUX nop; EAH, CAB. GN CKOADKO, KAK MHO- 20; AOHEAN Ee 40 mex nop NOKA; OTANGAH KE ¢ mex nop KaK. Mecmoumennoie rapeuus Mepoi o6paa0BbIBarHch ¢ TOMOLIBIO Cytp- uKca -MA HAH -MM : TOABMA, TOAKMH cmonbKo, HacmoADKO; KOABINA, KOABIIH CKOADKO, HACKOADKO; FABIA, (ABH CKOADKO, HUCKOADKO; BLA oueKL, 6 Goavuoil cmencnu. Mecmounennoie napeuus o6pasa aclicmeus obpasopbisantich nptt HOMOMH CYMpHKCA -AKE: TAKO max, TAYE nomoM, KAKO KaK, BhCEAKO 98 no-pashomy, HMAKO no-uHOMY, HNAYE ewe, KAKO KaK, cHYE max (u< x no 3 manaraxusayu). Hoenwore napewun mecma npenctanssnn co6olt sacroinmme 1a- emoie wAK npeaAoMHO-nanemibte opMDt FeP eatpxy, eacpx, AONE onusy, Asney 40.20%, npou, BPAKY sacpxy, NIZCY anusy, KPONE Ha Kpaio, ¢PRAB nocepeaune, MERAY Cpeau, BRCABAR Bcaed. Huennoie napeus spemcnu npencrasasas co6oit sacrorsue ma AeAHDIe WAH MpeAAOAHO-naneHHDIE PopMEI: ZHME suxoil, oYTPE LYmpon, ZASYTPA Ha paccaeme, NOACY AbNE 6 nozAeHD, NOACY HoIpHl 6 NOAHOKD, BRYEA oxepa. Hoennoie naperus o6pasa pelicraita umean pastioe o6pasonanue. A) Orumen npurarareansnix c MoMompb1o cypHKcOB -8 “B: BRICT e. SRICTPS, FphAs, FOPHAP, KOTAK, KPOTRYP. NpOCTR NPOCTTE. NpHHChHO ace- 24a, 1AAGO Goicmpo,2BA0 OucH»,ABE ROHO,AVEPE XopOwo, NAT no- AHO 1 Ap. B) Or umen npuaarateaninix c noMoIspio cyxpHKca -BEKBI: PABKE Kb, BPAACKRL, FPRYACKAI, CAOB'EMBCKL MAURKEKML YAOB'EYRCKA 1p. B) Or ment npirarareasienx 1 cyectaiTexbHbmx pit moMoTLH cyt- puxea -b: MPABR UCMUNHO,COYTOYEL aAsoilHe, rnonapHa pykonact uapro Arexcarinpy II. 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