Math 131 Exam 1 Solutions Part 1 1. A particle is moving along a straight line. The function s = f(#) gives its position sin ‘meters) at time ¢ (in seconds). Here are some of the measured values of the function: Gi i0 iis ays 0 [o2 eros Tosi [2 se [is fis fia fai [a3 [12 [as ‘What is the average velocity over the time interval 2 < ¢ < 6? A) 10 misee B)S m/sec C)S mise D)2m/see FDI misec F) 0.5 misee G)O.1m/sec H)—0.25m/sec 1) ~ 1m/seo J) ~ 2misee [Average velocity between bis tang in pxtcn _ ie renge nts 1=0.5 misec 2. Using the data available in the table it Problem 1), what is the best estimate you can make for the instantaneous velocity of the particle at time t = 02 A) 10 misee B) 8 misec D)2misco BE) 1 misee F) 0.5 m/sec GOL msec H) 0.25 m/sec 1) —lmsec J) ~2misee Instantaneous velocity when ¢ = 0 is given by lim ® We can approximate this by u: ithe data where ¢ is closest to 0 : so instantaneous velocity when t = 0 = Oe (= 1/4 = 5 msec i3. Solve fora: e* 4-6 =0, aim ifm st Sma—5 ifm > 1 Cee B)2,-1 ©)2,0D)-2,1 E) 24 F)-3,1 — G)3,1 13,0 N34 Y3, = 4, Suppose f(a For what value(s) of me will lim f(x) exist? Lim f(2) = Jim a? +m? = 1+ m® and im f(0 +m? 'o make lim f(z) exist, we need that the one~ [ lim fe = m F(2) = 5m —5. ‘sided limits be equal, so we need 1 +m? = 5 ~ 5, that is, m? — 5m+ 6 = 0, Factoring gives [om 3)(m ~2) = Osom = orm = 3.5. Here are 4 sets of parametric equations (labeled i), ii, iii) and iv) and 4 graphs labeled a,b.c.d. Match the graphs with the equations. For example, choose answer (4,, be) if'you think that i) corresponds to Graph d, ii) corresponds to Graph a, ete. Each picture uses parameter values ln S15 2, (a= hy i) { y= sin (t/2} mf 1 10 05 SRO a oo 05 Gragh a Graph b He 10. 05 1 “400-200 200 400 20 02 20) a 04 10 a 08 08 Graph c 40} Graph 4 20 05 1 1 2 3 A) (b.e.da) B) (b,c,a,d) C) (b,a,¢,d) ©) aad E) (bac) F) (b,d.e,a) G) (dab) H) (c,d,b,a) a D) (dca,b) |For i): 2 takes values between — (27]° and (2n)*, But (2n)° > 6° = 216 The only graph | ‘with 2 values this large is Graph b). |For ii): « is always between 0 and 1, and y is both positive and negative. So ii) must be Graph a)| For iv) 2+y=sint + cos*t ~1=1-1=0,soy= —a: this is Graph). |By elimination, ifi) must be Graph d (or, can you give a better reason rather than “by, ‘elimination”?) |So the correction answer is (b, a,d,c). |6, Find lim, =5h5= Ayo B)1 of Dy B)2 r)-} G) -} H) -} p-1 JD does not exist Therefore tim, ERE = (izmir) | St | Por x <1 we have a so jr~1/=1- ‘im ~ eet 7. Using the Intermediate Value Theorem, we can pick out exactly one of the following equation ‘that has a root ( = solution) in the interval [0, 1]. Which equation is it? Ajat+2°4+13=0 Ba? +eo+11=0 Cha? +a54+9=0 Dtee+7= Bat + +55 Pete 43= Gatto +1=0 Dal+25-3=0 Datta-5 ("The fumetion f(z) = 2? + 2° — 1 =0 is continuous (because x” + 2° — 1 is polynomial) ] |and f(0) = ~1 <0, f(1) = 1 > 0. By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there is pointe and between 0 and 1 where f(c) = c? + c° —1 = 0. | |It might be that, by some other method, we would see that one of the other equations also! ‘has a root in (0, 1], but not by using the Intermediate Value Theorem. 8, Find lim S£22428-+9)- 15 at . A) does not exist B)-3 F)2 as | $a aG4 a) 15 ye Obes | tim S2SRera eS, bee = ba)9, Evaluate the limit: tim SE3= A)-c BYE oe Dy @@) 2 Hs » 5 RG Oa ) 0 lim eta je Yares_ are ye mn G70 Geet lim © and we)=§ xt if —24 Find the values ofa,bc: a= lim (/(2)-g(z)) =6-3= 18 b= tim, 28 Tim (f(@} ~ fz) = B)a=18, 6=},c= —10Q)a=18,6= 2,e= -2 B) a@=18,b= ~1,e=2 F)a=18,b=1e=7 2 Ha11, The function g, from problem 10, is it continuous at what point(s)? A) gis continuous at every point B) 2 ©) Oonly —_D) 4only E) —2and 0 only CH) = 2 and 4 aly G)-2,0,4 H)2only 1) 3only ‘Each “piece” ofg is @ polynomial and therefore continuous (separately from the other “pieces” the possible problems are at —2 and 4 where the “pieces of g” might not fit vice | [eontinuousy Tocheck: fim, (x) 4 but fim, glx) = ip, 2+9= 1,00 | lim , of) does not exis; so gis not continuous at — | lim, “g{z) =7 but lim, g(z) = 8,50 lim, g(x) does not exist; so g is not Il continuous at 4 hatis fim 22=2et! 12, Whatis tim $5584 ? A) 00 B) - 00 By Fy-3 as DS Dak [Divide numerator and denominator by 2 sens 13. Suppose f(x) = { What values must we use for ¢and d to make a continuous function? Ne Bye De=0,d Fora # lee 1k S55 lim 2:4 = lime = 1, f will he continuous latlif tim f(z) = f(1) = ©. So we need ¢ = 114, What value fore makes lim SET = VERT — gy Bye=-2 C)c=0 Dye=2 Bye = 4 FRye=6 G)c=8 mend) De Aa) ene, ae ee ray Voor + Vaart 1(o=2) = fi = lim yet yan = lim gener So we need 4, and therefore c = 10,Questions 15) - 19) are “true/false” questions HE4 exists for every value of a except a 15, jim Seg __B) False which exists for every a except a = 2 numerator —» 1, so the limit doesn't exist.) | 16, If lim f(x) exists, then f must be continuous at a, A) True ‘False: for continuity, this ‘nia i lim f(r) = f(a) ti ay 17. If fis continuous ata, then fim f(2) must exist Slicer Clini V0 an True: continuity at « means that lim f(x) = f(a), and Mths implies that tim (a) exists 18, The slope of the tangent line to the graph of y by lim#2z=L gegen To find this slope, we take a point P = («, sin) on the graph, compute the slope of the secant {ine joining (0,0)and (x, sin), then take the limit asc approaches 0. So the slope is | in x at the point (0,0) is given 19, Suppose # = f(¢) gives the position, in meters, at time t (sec) of a particle moving along a straight line. Suppose also that P = (3,5) is on the graph of s = f(2) and that the tangent line to the graph at P has equation s = 5 + 7(t— 5). Then the particle has, cous velocity 7 m/sec at time t = 3. B) False “We discussed in the first section of Chapter 2 that slope of the tangent line to the graph at| \(¢, F(t) can be interpreted as the instantaneous velocity of the particle at time f.Part II: (25 points) In cach problem, clearly show your solution in the space provided. “Show your solution” does: not simply mean “show your sctatch work” — you should cross out any seraich work that turned out to be wrong or irrelevant and, where appropriate, present a readable, orderly sequence of steps showing how you got the answer. Generally, « correct answer without supporting work may not receive full credit, 20. The following function is discontinuous at exactly one point cost ifs <0 fla) =40 ife =0 1-2? ife>0 a) Draw a reasonably accurate sketch of the graph on the grid below; be sure that you can “see” the discontinuity in the graph,b) The statement that “the function f is continuous at a” is defined using an equation that involves a limit, Write that equation: | fiscontinuous at ameans: lim f(z) = f(a) | ©) In terms of the definition in b): explain why the function / in part a) is not continuous. | i ‘In part a), im f(x) =1 and f(0) =0, so | Jim f(@) # £00) 21,2) For the function y= f(a) = {E=REME EAL ad the vertical aspects) or explain why there are none. ‘Jim (z) exists exeept possibly for those a's that make the lm it of the denominator0. Since | Inet —$045) _ (e-Mfe= Mele) _ = fe—2) : fe) GSES = ESRESHES HESS = ESREER. lms (a) exits | ‘exists except possibly for a= Sanda=4. We check whether these are actually. vertical ‘asymptotes by taking limits as x —+ 3 and x — 4 from each side. \ | By @)=o0 Im fe) = — a0 | tim f(2)= = 00 lim, f(z) = 20) both are vertical asymptotes. b) Por the fmetion y = a(x) = 7x8St-;=, find the horizontal asymptote(s) oF explain why there are none. (Divide numerator and denominator by ¢ ee a) = peste = apltet le yeaa @)= gate = wetter) ee ies co ata ite so Jim gf) = Jim St = ah =f nd lim g(2) = lim BR = pte = = 2 aim IVES T8 = Tae so there are two horizontal asymptotes,©) On the grid below, draw the graph of a function y = h(x) for which all of the following appear to be true: A(z) is defined for every 2 lim h(2) = 4 {im H(2) = 00 lim_n(2) = 00 the graph does not intersect the x-axis J is continuous except at 2 points, For Sample,