Cht lng in nng - Phn 1

Khi nim c bn:

in nng c to ra t s bin i ca cc dng nng lng khc nhau
nh: th nng, ng nng, nhit nng, quang nng, ha nng...S chuyn i
ny c thc hin thng qua cc nh my pht in. Trc khi truyn nng
lng in n cc h tiu th thng qua h thng truyn ti phc tp m
im bt u l nh my in, in nng b thay i c tnh cho ph hp.
l s thay i cc thng s c bn nh in p, dng in, tn s.
m bo cht lng in nng l phi m bo n nh v in p, tn s v
dng sng. Ch cn mt trong ba yu t trn khng m bo, cht lng in
nng s khng m bo.
V nguyn tc, h thng my pht lun m bo cc c tnh k thut v
in p, cng sut, dng sng hnh sin. Tuy nhin, cht lng in nng li
b nh hng bi nhiu nguyn nhn khc. nh hng nhiu nht l do s
pht trin lin tc cc thit b in m c tnh lm vic ca n gy bin
dng sng in p, st p...trn h thng in. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn
khc l do s xm nhp ca cc dng bc x t thin nhin, v tr, hoc cc
thit b khc n h thng in. Tt c u lm suy gim cht lng in
nng.

Dng in p l tng hnh sin

Tc hi ca cht lng in nng khng m bo:
Khi cht lng in nng khng c m bo n c th gy nn mt s tc
hi nh:
- o m khng chnh xc
- Relay bo v tc ng sai hoc b li
- Gy cp in, h hng thit b
- Lm tng tn hao, tng chi ph
- Gy nhiu in t v ting n
Cc hin tng lm suy gim cht lng in nng:
Cht lng in nng c nh ngha theo tiu chun IEEE 1159-1995,
theo cc hin tng sau y c cho l nh hng n cht lng in
nng:
- Voltage Interruption : gin on p

- Voltage Sag (Dip) : vng in p, st p

- Voltage Swell : Vt in p, l in p
- Long duration variations: bin ng thi gian di
- Impulsive Transient : qu xung
- Oscillatory Transient : qu dao ng
- Harmonic distortion : nhiu sng hi
- Voltage Fluctutation : dao ng in p
- Noise : Nhiu