TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Thit b cha chy h thng cha chy cacbon dioxit

Thit k v lp t
Fire protection equipment Carbon Dioxide extinguishing systems
for use on premises Design and Installation
1. PHM VI P DNG
Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu v thit k v lp t nhng h thng cha chy cacbon
dioxit c nh s dng trong nh. Nhng yu cu ny khng p dng i vi cc h thng cha
chy trn tu thy, my bay, trn xe cha chy lu ng, hoc cho cc h thng di lng t
trong cng nghip khai m, cng nh i vi cc h thng lm tr trc bng cacbon dioxit.
Tiu chun ny khng quy nh thit k cc h thng dng ni c ch h khng ng kn c
vt qu din tch quy nh v ni m ch h c th chu nh hng do tc ng ca gi.
Hng dn chung v cc th tc phi tun th trong cc trng hp nh vy c trnh by trong
15.6.
2. TIU CHUN TRCH DN
ISO 1182:1983 Th chy Vt liu xy dng Th kh nng khng chy.
ISO 4200:1985 - ng thng thng v ng thp, hn v khng hn Cc bng tng qut v kch
thc v khi lng trn mt n v chiu di.
ISO 834:1975 Th tnh chu la Cu kin ca vt liu xy dng.
TCVN 6100:1996 (ISO 5923:1984) Phng chy cha chy Cht cha chy Cacbon dioxit.
3. NH NGHA
Tiu chun ny s dng cc nh ngha sau y:
3.1. H thng cha chy cacbon dioxit
Ngun cung cp cacbon dioxit c nh c ni thng xuyn vi h thng dn c nh c
cc u phun c b tr x cacbon dioxit vo din tch phi bo v sao cho t c
nng dp tt m chy theo thit k.
3.2. H thng cha chy th tch
Ngun cung cp cacbon dioxit c nh c ni thng xuyn vi h thng dn c nh c
cc u phun c b tr x cacbon dioxit vo mt khng gian bao quanh vng nguy him
chy sao cho duy tr c nng dp tt m chy.
3.3. H thng cha chy cc b
Ngun cung cp cacbon dioxit c nh c ni thng xuyn vi h thng dn c nh c
cc u phun c b tr x cacbon dioxit trc tip vo vt liu chy hay ch xy ra chy.
3.4. iu khin t ng
Thc hin chc nng khng c s can thip ca con ngi.
3.5. Thit b iu khin
Thit b iu khin chui cc s kin dn n s x cacbon dioxit.
3.6. iu khin bng tay
Thc hin mt chc nng c s can thip ca con ngi.
3.7. C cu iu khin
Mt thnh phn no tham gia vo khu gia s khi ng ca h thng v s x cacbon
dioxit.
3.8. X cacbon dioxit
M bnh cha v cc van la chn dn n s x cacbon dioxit vo khu vc bo v.

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

4.

5.

6.

7.

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

3.9. Thi gian duy tr

Thi gian m cacbon dioxit tn ti nng theo thit k bao trm khu vc nguy him
chy.
3.10. T chc v c nhn c thm quyn
T chc, c quan hay c nhn chu trch nhim v duyt thit b, lp t, bin php thi cng
hoc thit k h thng.
3.11. Van la chn
Thit b iu khin lu thng ca cacbon dioxit qua ng ng phn phi dn kh trc
tip ti vng bo v c la chn trc.
CACBON DIOXIT
Cht cha chy c s dng l cacbon dioxit ph hp vi nhng yu cu ca TCVN 6100:1996
(ISO 5923:1984).
Nhng thn tin khc v cacbon dioxit v p dng cacbon dioxit c nu Ph lc C.
YU CU V AN TON
Trong mi trng hp s dng h thng cha chy cacbon dioxit, khi c kh nng cn ngi b
kt trong hoc i vo khu vc bo v, phi c nhng bin php bo v thch hp mm bo
vic di tn nhanh ra khi khu vc, hn ch vic vo khu vc sau khi x kh, tr khi cn thit
to iu kin cp cu nhanh ngi b kt. Nhng yu cu v an ton nh hun luyn nhn vin,
du hiu cnh bo, bo ng x kh v cc dng c ph d phi c xem xt n. Phi quan tm
n cc yu cu sau:
a) Cc li thot nn phi c gi cho quang ng mi thi im v phi c y bin bo
ch dn thch hp;
b) m thanh bo ng trong cc khu vc x kh v cc tn hiu bo ng khc khng c ging
nhau v phi hot ng c ngay tc khc khi pht hin ra chy v x kh cacbon dioxit
(xem iu 6);
c) Phi c cc ca t ng ng mt pha thng ra ngoi, cc ca ny c th m t bn trong
ngay c khi kha bn ngoi;
d) Phi c thit b bo ng nhn thy hoc nghe thy c cc ca vo cho ti khi khng kh
tr nn an ton;
e) Phi cho thm ph gia c mi vo cacbon dioxit c th pht hin khng kh nguy him;
f) Phi c tn hiu cnh bo v hng dn cc li vo;
g) Phi c phng tin thng gi cc khu vc sau khi dp tt la;
h) Phi c cc phng tin bo v khc nu thy cn thit cho mi mt tnh hung ring.
BO NG CNH BO
Phi c thit b bo ng bng m thanh trn cc h thng cha chy th tch v trn cc h thng
cha chy cc b, khi s khuch tn cacbon dioxit t h thng vo phng c nng ln hn 5%.
m thanh bo ng phi vang ln lin tc trong khong thi gian t lc pht hin chy ti lc x
kh v trong sut thi gian x kh. Cng m thanh bo ng c miu t trong 5.b phi nghe
thy c so vi n trung bnh ni c bo ng chy. ni c ting n c bit cao, phi c
cc bin bo nhn thy c.
Cc thit b bo ng phi c cung cp nng lng cho php bo ng lin tc trong
khong thi gian ti thiu 30 pht.
Ch thch: Khng cn thit phi bo ng i vi cc h thng cha chy cc b tr khi lng
cacbon dioxit x ra tng ng vi th thch ca phng c th to nng vt qu 5%.
NGT T NG CHO THIT B
Trc khi hay ng thi vi s x ca h thng cacbon dioxit, tt c thit b c kh nng gy chy
ca vt liu d chy nh: thit b si nng, bp ga, n hng ngoi... phi c ngt t ng.
2

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

8. GIM P SUT T NG
Vic gim p sut t ng phi c thc hin ni c p sut cao nht ca mt phng no b
ng kn v c th b nguy c tng p sut khi cacbon dioxit trn vo.
Ch thch: S r r quanh ca vo, ca s, ng v van thot khi, tuy khng r rt hay d xc
nh, c th to ra s thng gi t nhin cho h thng cacbon dioxit.
i vi cc khng gian kn khng kh khc, din tch cn thit thng hi t do X (tnh bng
milimt vung) c th c tnh bng cng thc sau:
Q
X = 23,9
P
Trong :
Q l lu lng cacbon dioxit, tnh bng kilgam trong mt pht (kg/pht)
P l cng cho php (ni p sut) ca khng gian kn, tnh bng bar
Trong nhiu trng hp, c bit c cc vt liu nguy him, vic gim p c th c thc hin
bng n m l thng hi. Cc m ny v cc cch khc thng m bo c l thng hi
thch hp.
9. S TIP T
Cc h thng cha chy cacbon dioxit phi c tip t thch hp.
Ch thch: S tip t thch hp ca h thng s gim n mc ti thiu nhng nguy c phng
tnh in. Khi h thng bo v nhng thit b in c gn hoc trong mt nh cao tng vi
cc thit b in, cc b phn kim loi ca h thng cn c ni chc chn vi u ra tip t
chnh ca thit b in.
10. S PHNG I VI CC DIN TCH C BO V DI THP
ni kh cacbon dioxit c th tp trung trong cc khe nt, ging, y hm hay cc ch ngm
khc, phi b sung thm cc cht c mi vo cacbon dioxit v lp t cc h thng thng gi ph
thot cacbon dioxit sau khi x.
Ch thch: Kh cacbon dioxit phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu ca TCVN 6100:1996 (ISO 5923)
sau khi thm bt k cht c mi no (xem iu 4).
11. DU HIU AN TON
i vi tt c cc h thng cha chy th tch v h thng cha chy cc b c th gy nn nhng
nng ti hn, phi c yt th c ghi bn trong v bn ngoi mi ca ra vo dn ti khu vc
c bo v.
Yt th phi thong bo rng trong trng hp bo ng hay x cacbon dioxit, nhn vin phi ri
phng ngay lp tc v khng c quay tr li trc khi phng c thng gi hon ton v c
nguy c b ngt.
12. S PHNG TRONG CNG TC BO DNG
i vi cc h thng cha chy th tch t ng ang bo v cc phng khng c ngi, phi
phng s x t ng khi c nhn vin i vo v khng th ri phng trong mt khong thi gian
no .
Ch thch: S phng ny thng khng cn thit i vi h thng cha chy cc b, nhng
phi lu n kh nng pht sinh nng nguy him bt k vng no c s hin din ca
con ngi.
13. TH X NI C TH C HN HP N
Trong cc trng hp c cc hn hp khng kh/hi nguy him n, vng lm nn phi c kim
tra cn thn trc khi tin hnh th x v c th gy ra chy n do phng tnh in.
14. C S THIT K CC H THNG CACBON DIOXIT
Vic xy dng cc khng gian bao kn phi c bo v bng cc h thng cha chy th tch
cacbon dioxit phi thc hin sao cho cacbon dioxit khng th thot ngay c. Cc tng v ca
3

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

ra vo phi c kh nng chu c tc ng ca la trong mt thi gian cho php s x

cacbon dioxit c duy tr nng thit k trong thi gian duy tr.
Ch thch: ISO 834:1975 c s dng nh gi tnh chu la ca cc cu kin xy dng.
ni c th, cc ch h phi c ng li mt cc t ng v cc h thng thng gi phi c
t ng ng li trc khi hay t nht l vo lc bt u x kh cacbon dioxit v phi c gi
kn.
ni cc ch h khng th ng li c v ni khng c vch tng hay trn ngn kn, phi
b sung thm cacbon dioxit nh c nu ra trong 15.6.
Phi c bit lu khi nhng ch h ny hng ra ngoi kh quyn v iu kin gi c th nh
hng ln ti tn tht cacbon dioxit. Nhng trng hp ny phi c x l nh mt ng dng
c bit v c th phi th nghim x xc nh nng thit k thch hp.
15. THIT K CC H THNG CHA CHY TH TCH
15.1. Cc yu t cn phi xt n
xc nh lng cacbon dioxit theo yu cu, th tch ca phng hay ca mt khng gian
bao kn c bo v phi c ly lm c s. Th tch ny phi tr i th tch cc thnh phn
kt cu vng nh mng, ct, x, dm v cc vt tng t.
Nhng yu t sau y phi c xt n:
- Kch thc phng;
- Vt liu phi bo v;
- Nhng ri ro c bit;
- Nhng ch h khng th ng li c;
- Cc h thng thng gi khng th ng li c. Khng c c l h trong sn nh.
15.2. Xc nh lng cacbon dioxit thit k
Lng cacbon dioxit thit k, m, tnh bng kilogam c tnh theo cng thc sau:
m = K B ( 0,2 A + 0,7V )
Trong :
A = AV + 30 AOV

V = VV + VZ VG
AV l tng din tch ca tt c cc mt sn v trn (bao gm c cc ch h AOV ) ca khng
gian bao kn phi bo v, tnh bng mt vung;
AOV l tng din tch ca tt c cc ch h c gi thit l m khi xy ra chy, tnh bng
mt vung (xem 15.6);
VV l th tch ca khng gian bao kn c bo v, tnh bng mt khi (xem 15.1);

VZ l th tch b sung do tht thot trong thi gian duy tr bi cc h thng thng gi (xem
Bng 1) khng th ng li c, tnh bng mt khi (xem 15.5);
VG l th tch ca thnh phn kt cu phi tr i, tnh bng mt khi (xem 15.1);

K B l h s i vi vt liu c bo v, ln hn hoc bng 1 (xem 15.3 v Bng 1);

S 0,2 l phn cacbon dioxit c th tht thot, tnh bng kilogam trn mt vung;
S 0,7 l lng ti thiu cacbon dioxit dng lm c s cho cng thc, tnh bng kilogam trn
mt khi.
V cc th d tnh ton, xem Ph lc D.
Ch thch: Hai s 0,2 v 0,7 xt n tc ng ca kch thc phng, ngha l t s gia th
tch phng ( VV ) v din tch phng ( AV ).

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

15.3. H s K B

H s vt liu K B cho trong bng 1 phi c xt n khi thit k i vi cc vt liu chy

v nhng nguy c c bit yu cu nng cao hn nng bnh thng.
H s K B i vi cc nguy c khng nu ra trong phn A ca Bng 1 c xc nh bng
cch s dng mt dng c kiu chn nung miu t trong Ph lc C hoc cc phng php
th nghim khc tng ng.
15.4. nh hng n vt liu to thnh cc tn la rc sng
i vi cc vt liu c s hnh thnh cc tn la rc sng, phi xt n nhng iu kin c
bit. Bng 1 cho nhng v d v vt liu ny.
15.5. nh hng ca h thng thng gi khng ng li c
xc nh lng cacbon dioxit c s dng, th tch ca phng ( VV ) phi tng ln bi th
tch ca khng kh ( VZ ) c a vo hoc b y ra khi bung khi bung b trn ngp bi
cacbon dioxit v trong thi gian duy tr c cho trong Bng 1.
15.6. nh hng ca cc ch h (xem Li gii thiu)
nh hng ca tt c cc ch h, bao gm cc l chng n v tng v trn khng c
ng li trong khi chy, u c a vo cng thc trong 15.2 bng AOV .
xp ca cc vt liu bao chn, hay nhng r r quanh cc ca ra vo, ca s, ca chp...
khng c coi l cc ch h, v chng c a vo cng thc.
Cc ch h khng c php tnh n khi i hi mt thi gian duy tr, tr phi c lng
cacbon dioxit ph thm duy tr nng yu cu trong mt thi gian duy tr.
A
> 0,03 , h thng phi c thit k nh mt h thng cha chy cc
Khi t s R = OV
AV

b (xem iu 16). iu ny khng loi tr vic s dng mt h thng cha chy cc b khi
R<0,03.
Khi R>0,03 v ni cc ch h c th chu nh hng ca gi, khi phi thc hin nhng
php th thc t trong nhng iu kin khng thun li nht p ng cc yu cu ca c
quan c thm quyn.
15.7. Cha chy th tch ng thi nhng th tch ni lin nhau
Trong hai hoc nhiu th tch ni lin nhau m c lu lng t do ca cacbon dioxit
hoc c kh nng chy lan t v tr ny sang v tr khc, th lng cacbon dioxit hoc s l
tng ca cc lng tnh cho mi th tch. Nu mt th tch yu cu nng ln hn nng
chun, th nng cao hn phi c s dng trong tt c cc th tch ni lin nhau.
15.8. Thi gian x kh
Thi gian x lng cacbon dioxit tnh ton theo thit k, pht (xem 15.2) v c bn phi
ph hp vi Bng 2. i vi cc m chy c cc vt liu rn, nh nhng vt liu lit k
trong Bng 1, khi yu cu mt thi gian duy tr lng kh theo thit k phi x ra trong 7
pht, nhng lu lng khng c nh hn lu lng cn thit tng nng ln 30%
trong 2 pht.
Bng 1: H s vt liu, nng thit k v thi gian duy tr
Vt liu chy
H s vt liu
Thi gian duy
Nng CO2
tr (pht)
( KS )
thit k (%)
A- Cc cht kh v cht lng b chy
Axtn
1
34
Axtylen
2,57
66
Nhin liu my bay cc cp 115/145
1,06
36
Benzol, Benzel
1,1
37
5

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

Vt liu chy

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

H s vt liu
( KS )
1,26
1
1,1
3,03
2,43
1,1
1,1
1
1,22
1,47
1,22
1,34
1,6
1,47
1
1,8
1
1,03
1,03
3,3
1,06
1,06
1
1
1,06
1
1
1,03
1,22
1,06
1,22
1,18
1,03
1,03
1,06
1,06
1

Butaien
Butan
Buten-1
isulfua cacbon
Monoxit cacbon
Than hay kh thin nhin
Propan vng
Nhin liu izel
imetyl te
ao tm (dowtherm)
Etal
Ru tylic
Etylen
te tyl
iclorua tylen
Oxyt tylen
Gasolin
Hexan
Heptan-n
Hydro
Hydro sulfua
Izobutan
Izobutylen
Izobutyl format
JP-4
Du la (kerosene)
Mtan
Axtat mtyl
Ru mtylic
Butal-1 mtyl
Mtyl-tyl xton
Mtyl format
Octan-n
Pentan
Propan
Propylen
Du nhn, du dp la
B- Cc vt liu rn b chy 1
Vt liu xenlulo
2,25
Bng
2
Giy, giy un sng
2,25
Vt liu plastic (ht)
2
Polystyren
1
Polyuretan, ch khi c lu ha
1
C- Nhng trng hp ng dng c bit
Cc bung cp v ng cp
1,4
Vng x l d liu
2,25
Ch t my tnh
1,5
1

Thi gian duy

tr (pht)

Nng CO2
thit k (%)
41
34
37
72
64
37
37
34
40
46
40
43
49
46
34
53
34
35
35
75
36
36
34
34
36
34
34
35
40
36
40
39
35
35
36
36
34

62
58
62
58
34
34

20
20
20
20
-

47
62
47

10
20
10

Cc vt liu rn b chy thng c tnh hu c, khi chy thng to thnh tn la rc sng.

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Vt liu chy

H s vt liu
( KS )
Bung phn phi v tt m in
1,2
Pht in, bao gm c h thng lm 2
lnh
Bin th du
2
Ni in u ra
2,25
C s phun v lm kh sn
1,2
My ko si
2

Nng CO2
thit k (%)
40
58
58
62
40
58

Thi gian duy

tr (pht)
10
Cho ti
dng
20
-

khi

15.9. Nhit kho cha

Nhit kho cha p sut cao c th t -20C n +50C khng cn i hi nhng phng
php c bit b cho lu lng thay i
16. THIT K CC H THNG CHA CHY CC B
Ch thch: Cc h thng cha chy cc b s dng thch hp dp tt chy b mt ca cc cht
chy th kh, lng v rn ni m nguy him chy khng b bao kn hoc khi khng gian bao kn
khng ph hp vi nhng yu cu ca cha chy th tch.
16.1. Yu cu ca cacbon dioxit
16.1.1. Quy nh chung
H s nng gc ca cacbon dioxit l h s tng ng vi K B = 1 , ngha l 34%.

i vi cc vt liu i hi mt nng thit k ln hn 34%, lng cacbon dioxit gc

phi tng ln bng cch nhn lng ny vi mt h s vt liu thch hp Bng 1. Cc
h s K B i vi cc mi nguy him chy khng lit k trong phn A ca Bng 1 phi
c xc nh bng cch dng mt dng c kiu chn nung c miu t trong Ph lc
A, hay bng phng php no khc bit kt qu tng ng.
Lng cacbon dioxit tnh ton thit k yu cu i vi cc h thng cha chy cc b
phi da trn lu lng x tng cn thit ph ln din tch hay th tch c bo v
v thi gian x cn c duy tr m bo dp tt hon ton.
i vi cc h thng c kho cha p sut cao, lng cacbon dioxit tnh ton thit k
phi c tng ln 40% xc nh dung tch danh ngha ca bnh cha hnh tr v ch
c phn lng ca lng x l hu hiu. S tng dung tch ca bnh cha hnh tr ny
khng yu cu i vi phn cha chy th tch ca cc h thng kt hp cha chy cc
b, cha chy th tch.
ni c nhng ng dn di hay ni cc thit b phi trn cc nhit cao hn nhit
bnh thng, lng tnh ton thit k phi tng ln mt lng b cho cht lng b
ha hi do vic lm ngui ng ng.
16.1.2. Lu lng x kh
Lu lng x ca u phun c tnh ton bng phng php din tch hoc bng
phng php th tch nh 16.2 v 16.3.
Lu lng x tng i vi h thng phi l tng ca cc lu lng ring l ca tt c
cc u phun hay c cu x c dng trong h thng.
16.1.3. Thi gian x kh
Thi gian cn thit x lng cacbon dioxit tnh ton theo thit k, m, phi ph hp
vi Bng 2. Thi gian ti thiu phi tng ln b cho nhng iu kin bt trc no
i hi thi gian lm ngui di hn m bo dp tt hon ton.
ni c kh nng xy ra tnh trng kim loi hay vt liu khc c th b t nng cao
hn nhit t bt chy ca cht t, thi gian x hu hiu phi c tng ln cho
php c c thi gian lm ngui thch hp.
7

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

16.2. Lu lng tnh theo phng php tnh din tch

16.2.1. Quy nh chung
Vic thit k h thng theo phng php din tch c dng ni c nguy him chy
ch yu l cc mt phng hoc cc vt th mc thp so vi cc b mt nm ngang.
Vic thit k h thng phi da trn cc s liu c chp thun ca cc u phun
ring bit. Php ngoi suy cho cc gi tr ln hn gii hn trn hoc nh hn gii hn
di s khng c gi tr.
V d tnh ton: xem trong Ph lc D, iu D3.
16.2.2. Lu lng x kh ca u phun
- Lu lng x kh thit k qua cc u phun ring bit phi c xc nh ring trn c
s ca khong cch t b mt cn bo v n mi u phun.
- Lu lng x kh i vi u phun trn cao phi c xc nh ring trn c s ca
khong cch t b mt cn bo v n mi u phun.
- Lu lng x i vi cc u phun gn vi bnh cha ring phi c xc nh trn c
s khong cch t u phun hay bn knh phun c hiu qu ph din tch m mi u
phun bo v.
Bng 2: Thi gian x i vi chy b mt
Gi tr tnh bng giy
H thng
Thit b cacbon dioxit p sut cao.
Thit b cacbon dioxit
Thi gian x cht lng
p sut thp
H thng cha
Max 60
Max 60
Max 60
chy th tch
H thng cha
Min 30
Max 60
Min 30
chy cc b

16.2.3. Din tch bo v ca mt u phun

Din tch ln nht c bo v bi mi u phun phi c xc nh trn c s v tr
hay bn knh phun v lu lng x thit k ph hp vi yu cu k thut c xt
duyt.
Nhng yu t c dng xc nh lu lng x thit k cng c s dng xc
nh din tch ln nht c bo v bi mi u phun.
Quy c din tch b mt nguy him chy c bo v bi mi u phun kiu trn cao
l hnh vung.
Din tch b mt nguy him chy c bo v bi u phun c bnh cha ring hay cc
u phun trc tip l hnh ch nht hay hnh vung ph hp vi khong cch v nhng
gii hn x kh c nu trong nhng yu cu k thut c xt duyt.
Khi s dng cacbon dioxit dp tt cc m chy cht lng nm su di thnh b,
trong tnh ton khong cch ti thiu gia u phun v b mt cht lng phi h khong
trng 150mm so vi ming thnh b phng s bn te v gi nng cacbon
dioxit trn b mt cht lng chy.
16.2.4. V tr v s lng cc u phun
Phi s dng s lng cc u phun bao trm ton b din tch xy ra chy, da
trn c s din tch mi u phun bo v c.
Cc u phun loi c bnh cha ring hay u phun trc tip c t v tr ph hp
vi khong cch v nhng gii hn ca lu lng x c nu trong cc yu cu k
thut c duyt.

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Cc u phun trn cao phi c lp t thng gc vi vng c nguy him chy v tj

tr trung tm ca din tch c bo v bi u phun. Nhng u khc phi c lp
t nghin theo cc gc gia 45 v 90 so vi mt phng ca din tch cn c bo
v. Chiu cao/khong cch c s dng khi xc nh lu lng cn thit v din tch
ph phi l khong cch t im mc tiu trn b mt c bo v ti mt u phun
c o dc theo trc ca u phun.
Khi c lp t theo gc nghin, cc u phun phi c nhm vo mt im c o
t cnh gn ca din tch c bo v bi u phun, v tr ca n c tnh ton bng
cch nhn h s hiu qu trong Bng 3 vi chiu rng ca din tch c bo v bi u
phun.
Cc u phun phi c t v tr sao cho khng th c cc vt cn nh hng n
vic phng ra ca lng cacbon dioxit c x.
Bng 3: H s hiu qu i vi gc t cc u phun da trn khong trng 150mm
H s hiu qu (2)
Gc x (1)
1/4
45 n 60
1/4 n 3/8
60 n 75
3/8 n 1/2
70n 90
1/2 (tm)
90 (thng ng)
(1)
tnh t b mt ca s c
(2)
T s ca din tch ph ca u phun
V cc thng tin thm, xem Hnh 1.
Kch thc tnh bng mm.

Hnh 1: V tr cc u phun

Ch thch:
1) Hnh v biu din cc u x : a) 90, vi im mc tiu tm ca din tch bo
v, v 45, b) vi im mc tiu 0,25 chiu rng ca b mt bo v, vo khay
cha cht t vi mt khong trng l 150mm;
2) X l chiu cao c chn trc dng xc nh lu lng yu cu.
16.3. Lu lng tnh theo phng php th tch
16.3.1. Quy nh chung
Thit k h thng theo phng php th tch c s dng ni nguy him chy gm
cc i tng c kch thc ba chiu khng u, khng th d dng quy v cc din tch
tng ng ca b mt.
V d v tnh ton: xem Ph lc D cc iu D1 v D2.
9

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

16.3.2. Khng gian bao kn gi nh

Lu lng x tng ca h thng phi da trn th tch ca mt khng gian gi nh bao
bc hon ton xung quanh ni c s c chy.
Nu dng kh khng hon ton c gi li trong khng gian gi nh th phi c nhng
bin php c bit m bo nhng iu kin c bn.
Cc tng v trn gi nh ca khng gian kn ny phi cc ni x ra nguy him chy t
nht 0,6m tr khi nhng tng thc c kh nng bao kn cc din tch c th r r, bn
te hay chy trn.
Khng c ly i bt c vt g trong th tch ny. Kch thc ti thiu 1,2m c dng
tnh ton th tch ca khng gian kn gi nh ny.
16.3.3. Lu lng x ca h thng
Lu lng x tng i vi h thng chnh khng c nh hn 16kg/ph cho mt mt
khi ca th tch gi nh, tr khi khng gian bao kn gi nh c sn kn v c nh
hnh bi tng bao lin tc c nh ko di t nht l 0,6m bn trn ni xy ra nguy
him chy ( cc tng ngn thng khng phi l mt phn ca nguy him chy),
th lu lng x c th gim theo t l nhng khng nh hn 4kg/ph cho mt mt khi
i vi cc tng ngn thc bao hon ton khng gian bao kn.
16.3.4. V tr v s lng u phun
Phi s dng s lng u phun ph hon ton th tch nguy him chy trn c s
xc nh lu lng x ca h thng theo th tch gi nh.
Cc u phun phi c t v tr v hng v cc vt th bo v trong khng gian
bao kn gi lng cacbon dioxit c x vo th tch c nguy him chy.
Lu lng x thit k qua cc u phun ring bit phi c xc nh trn c s ca v
tr hay khong cch phun ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut c duyt i vi cc
m chy b mt.
16.3.5. Nhit kho cha
Phi p dng cc phng php c bit b tr cho nhng thay i lu lng, nu nh
nhit kho cha cc bnh p sut cao nh hn 0C hoc ln hn 49C.
16.3.6. u phun
Cc u phun c a vo s dng phi do cc t chc c thm quyn lit k hoc xt
duyt v lu lng x, phm vi bo v c hiu qu v mu m hay din tch ph.
Ch thch: Nhng s liu h tr cho cc yu cu v cc phng php th i vi cc
u phun ang c son tho v s c trnh by trong mt tiu chun sp ti.
17. LNG CACBON DIOXIT D TR
Phi d tr lng cacbon dioxit c xc nh vi yu cu l c th s dng c bt k thi
im no v khng th s dng cho cc mc ch khc. Phi d phng lng d d phng cacbon
dioxit ph thm c s dng cho cc thit b cacbon dioxit p sut thp theo cc yu cu sau:
a) cn bng cc sai lch np hoc x v kh d, lng cacbon dioxit c d tr cho h
thng p sut thp dng cho vng dp chy rng nht phi tng ln t nht 10%.
b) Nu x ra kh nng cacbon dioxit lng c th tn ng trong ng ng gia bnh cha d tr
v h thng u phun kh, lng cacbon dioxit d tr b tng ln do s tn ng ny, phi
thm vo lng tng 10% quy nh trong im a.
18. LNG CACBON DIOXIT D TR CA H THNG
Trong mt s trng hp khi cc h thng cacbon dioxit bo v mt hay nhiu a im, cn phi
c mt lng d tr 100%. Vic cung cp lng d tr cho cc h thng ny phi thng xuyn.
10

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Thi gian cn thit to ra lng cacbon dioxit b sung thm a cc h thng t c cc

iu kin vn hnh phi c xem l yu t ch yu trong vic xc nh cung cp d tr cn thit.
19. THIT B CH YU CA KT CU
H thng cha chy cacbon dioxit ch yu gm kho cha cacbon dioxit hoc mt hay nhiu bnh
cha, cc van la chn, cc c cu x, cc ng dn phn phi v cc u phun.
20. KHU KHO CHA CACBON DIOXIT
20.1. Quy nh chung
Ch thch: cha cacbon dioxit phi tun theo cc quy nh thch hp.
Kho cha cacbon dioxit cng vi cc van, cc c cu x v cc thit b khc; nu c th c
b tr trong mt bung khng c nguy him v chy, nhng li gn cc phng v cc i
tng bo v v d dng lui ti c. Khu vc cha phi c bo v khng cho ngi
khng c phn s vo.
Trong mt s trng hp, khi c c quan c thm quyn cho php, kho cha cacbon dioxit
c th b tr bn trong cc phng bo v.
20.2. H thng p sut cao
Ni cc bnh cha cacbon dioxit cho h thng p sut cao phi c thit k sao cho nhit
khng kh xung quanh khng c vt qu nhit thch hp trong Bng 4
Bng 4: Nhit ln nht kho
T s np y, kg/lt Nhit ln nht ca khng kh xung quanh, 0C
0,75
40
0,68
49
0,55
65

Ch thch: Nu nhit khng kh xung quanh ni bnh cha cacbon dioxit xung di
0C th phi c cc bin php c bit tun th cc thi gian x cho trong Bng 3.
20.3. H thng p sut thp
Cc h thng p sut thp phi c thit k sao cho nhit ca cacbon dioxit trong bnh
cha lun c gi khong -18C.
Ch thch: Nn s dng cc bin php thch hp duy tr nhit ny. iu c ngha l
vic cch nhit lm mt hay t nng, ph thuc v nhit xung quanh vng lu tr. Phi
loi tr nhit sinh ra bi h thng lm lnh.
21. BNH CHA CACBON DIOXIT
21.1. Quy nh chung
Ch thch: Ngoi cc yu cu sau y v cc yu cu i vi cc bnh cha p sut thp
(xem 21.2) khng c cc yu cu no khc vi cc yu cu cho trong cc tiu chun
tng ng v bnh cha kh.
Khi kt cu ca bnh cha khng c c cu an ton p sut th c cu ny phi c t trong
van ca bnh cha.
21.2. Bnh cha p sut thp
Kt cu phi m bo nhit ca cacbon dioxit trong bnh cha phi lun c gi -18C
v p sut gn 20bar1. Phi c cc phng tin lin tc ch th lng cacbon dioxit.
Mt h thng lm mt t ng m bo cho nhit v p sut ca cacbon dioxit c gi
trong gii hn yu cu.
Trn cc bnh cha p sut thp phi lp mt b bo ng qu p v c cu ny phi hot
ng trc khi cc van an ton lm vic.
1

1 bar = 0,1MPa

11

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

B cha c cch ly y gii hn lng tht thot cacbon dioxit khng ln hn 1,5%
(i vi lng cha t 3 n 6 tn), khng ln hn 0,8% (i vi lng cha ln hn 6 n
10 tn) v khng qu 0,5% (lng cha ln hn 10 tn) trong 24 gi trong trng hp h
thng lm mt b hng v nhit xung quanh c coi l cao nht.
Vt liu cch ly phi c bo v bng cc l kim loi trnh nhng h hng c kh.
B cha phi c lp ng h p sut v van an ton.
Ch thch: i vi h thng p sut thp, cn m bo sao cho nhit ca cacbon dioxit
trong khi np kh cho bnh cha ph hp vi gi tr cn thit cho hot ng ca h thng.
21.3. B bnh cha cacbon dioxit p sut cao
Thng thng lng cacbon dioxit cn thit c cha trong b bnh cha. Vic cung cp
cho tng s c chy khc nhau c th c tin hnh t mt b phn ring l ni khng th
c s lan truyn la t s c ny sang s c khc. Lng cacbon dioxit tng ca mt b s
tng ng vi lng cacbon dioxit ln nht yu cu bo v mt phng hay mt i tng
no .
Ch thch: Cc h thng x kh ca b bnh cha v ca cc ng c b tr sao cho mi
vng c bo v ring r c th b trn ngp bi cacbon dioxit.
Cc bnh cha ca b phi c kp cht mt v tr c nh sao cho khng b x dch khi h
thng ang x.
Mi bnh cha phi thay th c, c lp vi cc bnh khc. mi mt ng ng ni van
bnh cha ti ng nhnh phi lp van mt chiu. Vic tho d bt k mt trong cc bnh cha
s khng gy nh hng ti hot ng bnh thng ca cc bnh cn li trong b.
Phi c cc phng tin o lng cacbon dioxit ca mi bnh cha.
22. VAN LA CHN
Nu c nhiu vng phi cha chy t mt b hoc mt h thng bnh cha cacbon dioxit,
phi lp van la chn cho mi vng cn cha chy.
Cc van la chn cho h thng bnh cha phi c m t ng trc hay vo cng mt lc
vi cc van ca bnh cha hot ng.
Trong cc h thng p sut thp, cc van la chn phi c m t ng v ng t ng
sau khi x lng cacbon dioxit theo yu cu.
Cc van la chn phi c lp t sao cho c th chng c chy. bt k lc no cng
c th kim tra c s hot ng chnh xc ca cc van la chn v cc c cu iu khin.
23. H THNG PHN PHI
23.1. H thng ng dn phi lm bng cc vt liu thuc dng khng chy c nu th nghim
theo ISO 1182 v c nhng c tnh ha l sao cho khng b bin dng v h hng khi chu
ng sut.
Ch thch:
1) C th dng cc vt liu chu n mn c bit hay cc lp ph ngoi khi mi trng
khng kh c tnh n mn cao;
2) Cc ng ng v ng mm (bao gm c cc ni ng) l i tng ca tiu chun s
c bin son.
23.2. Cc ng v cc ni ng dng cho h thng p sut thp phi c thit k vi p sut th
40bar.
Ch thch:
1) Cc h thng p sut cao l i tng ca tiu chun s c bin son. Cc ph tng
ng ng cn ph hp vi cc tiu chun tng ng. Thng thng cc ph tng
ng ng hay dng ghp ni bng ren hoc mt bch. Khi thc hin ghp ni bng p
cn c bit ch n vic m bo lp rp chnh xc.
2) Cc ng s c la chn theo ISO 4200.
12

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

23.3. Cc on ng c th b bt kn mi u, ngha l on ng gia b bnh cha v mt van

la chn thng ng c lm bng ng khng hn.
23.4. Cc on ng lp vo mt u m khng chu p sut lin tc, c th l ng hn, tr cc ng
c ng knh danh ngha ln hn 40mm c ni t mt b cha p sut thp.
23.5. Cc ng c ng knh danh ngha nh hn 50mm khng c ni bng hn ti hin
trng.
Ch thch: Tuy nhin, cc ng trn c th c gia cng ti x nghip hn no .
23.6. Khng c dng cc ng ng bng gan xm, v chng d b h hng cc iu kin
nhit v p sut trong cc h thng cacbon dioxit.
23.7. H thng ng ng phi c g mt cch chc chn, c s co gin cho php v c t
ni chu nh hng t nht ca la, cc tc ng c kh, ha cht hay cc h hi khc.
ni c kh nng gy n, h thng ng ng phi c treo trn cc gi trnh nhng
tc ng va p.
23.8. Khi b tr cc van trong cc h thng c th to ra cc on ng ng kn, th nhng on
ng ng ny phi c trang b cc van an ton p sut.
Vic chnh p sut cho van an ton phi m bo sao cho p sut ln nht c th t c
khng vt qu ch tiu nu trong 23.2 nhng c th vt qu p sut yu cu duy tr cc
p sut x bnh thng trong ng ng vi lu lng quy nh.
Cc van an ton p sut phi c thit k v lp t v tr sao cho s x t s khng
lm nh hng ti ngi hay gy ra thit hi, h hng.
Ch thch: p sut lm vic ca van an ton khng nu trong tiu chun ny.
23.9. Khi c s ngng ng nc trong cc ng, phi c cc phng tin thch hp tiu nc.
Ngi khng c phn s khng c n gn cc im tiu nc ny.
23.10. Cc ng khng c c bavia, g v cc vt cn khc. Phi bo dng chng li s n
mn. Trc khi t ng, phi ra, lm sch bn trong ng. Sau khi lp t v trc khi lp
cc u phun, phi thi ng cho sch.
23.11. Cng thc sau y v th, hay bt c mt phng php bo c c quan c thm
quyn chp nhn phi c s dng xc nh s gim p trong ng ng.

Q2 =

0,8725 105 D5,25 Y

L + ( 0,04319 D1,25 Z )

Trong :
D l ng knh trong (thc) ca ng, tnh bng mm;
L l di tng ng ca ng, tnh bng m;
Y, Z l nhng yu t ph thuc vo p sut bo qun v p sut ng ng v c th c
nh gi t cc phng trnh sau:
p

Y = pdp
P1

dp
P
= ln 1
p
p
P1

Z=

Trong :
P1 l p sut tng tr, tnh bng bar (tuyt i);
p l p sut cui cng ng ng, tnh bng bar (tuyt i)
r1 l khi lng ring p sut P1, tnh bng kilogam trn mt khi (kg/m3)
r l khi lng ring p sut p, tnh bng kilogam trn mt khi (kg/m3)

13

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Trong vic thit k cc h thng dn, c th thu c cc gi tr gim p t cc ng cong

p sut chiu di tng i vi cc lu lng v c kch thc ng khc nhau (xem Ph
lc B).
23.12. C cu x phi m tt c cc van bnh cha ni lin vi ng phn phi cho ton b vng
dp tt. C cu x phi c tin cy v s hot ng ca n c th kim tra c.
24. U PHUN
Mt ct ngang ca l m cc u phun phi c tnh ton theo Ph lc B, vi p sut nh nht
ming vo cc u phun l 14bar i vi h thng p sut cao v 10bar i vi h thng p sut
thp.
Cc u phun x cacbon dioxit phi c kch thc sao cho khng b tc nghn bi cacbon
dioxit rn.
H thng cha chy th tch phi c thit k v lp t sao cho c th thc hin mt nng
ng u ca cacbon dioxit tt c cc phn ca khng gian bao quanh vng nguy him chy.
Phi lp cc u x gn trn nh.
Ch thch: i vi cc phng c chiu cao t 5m n 10m, phi c cc u phun chiu cao gn
bng mt phn ba chiu cao ca phng. i vi cc phng c chiu cao vt qu 10m nn lp
cc u phun ph chiu cao bng mt phn ba hay hai phn ba chiu cao ca phng.
Cc u phun ca h thng cha chy cc b phi c thit k v lp t sao cho c th hng
trc tip cacbon dioxit vo i tng bo v m khng phn tn cc vt liu chy.
Khi cn thit, phi bo v cc u phun trnh s nhim bn t bn ngoi c th nh hng n
cht lng ca chng.
25. C CU TC NG X
25.1. Cc loi c cu tc ng x
Cc h thng x t ng hoc bng tay, hoc:
a) Tc ng x t ng hoc bng tay, hoc
b) Ch tc ng x bng tay ty thuc vo nhng yu cu ca c quan c thm quyn.
S hot ng ca cc c cu x phi lm cho ton b h thng tc ng n cc chc nng
ph thuc km theo nh ch th cc thit b bo ng, ng cc h thng thng gi, cc qut
ht, bm, bng ti, b t nng, van iu tit v ca chn...
Tt c cc thit b phi c b tr v lp t hoc c bo v thch hp sao cho khng b
nhng h hng c kh, ha hc hay nhng h hng khc c th lm cho chng khng hot
ng c.
25.2. Tc ng x t ng
Cc h thng tc ng t ng phi c iu khin bng thit b pht hin chy t ng
c xt duyt1 v c chn la theo nhng yu cu ca tng s c ring bit.
ni c thit b pht hin chy sm nh nhng thit b pht hin khi hoc ngn la, h
thng phi c thit k ch hot ng sau khi c hai tn hiu pht hin ring r.
25.3. Tc ng x bng tay
25.3.1. Tc ng x bng tay i vi cc h thng cha chy th tch phi c b tr bn
ngoi phng c bo v, v tr gn cc ca ra ca phng. Tc ng x bng tay i
vi cc h thng cha chy cc b phi c t v tr va tin li va an ton cho
ngi thao tc.
25.3.2. Cc thit b tc ng x bng tay phi c bo v chng nhng tc ng v bng
cc dy kp ch hay knh chn hoc mt v che c th m nhanh v phi c ghi nhn
r rng ch r mc ch ca chng.
1

Nhng ni dung chi tit c bit khng c quy nh trong tiu chun ny nhng c quy nh trong tiu
chun tng ng khc khi p dng tiu chun ny.

14

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Ch thch: Nu hp cha c bo v bi mt mt knh d v pha trc, th mt knh

phi l loi v ra khng to thnh cc mnh nhn hay rng ca c th gy thng tch
khi thc hin vic tc ng x bng tay.
25.3.3. Vng cn cha chy c iu khin bng nt n bng tay phi c k hiu r rng
khng c s nhm ln.
25.4. Loi iu khin
Tt c cc c cu tc ng x phi c iu khin bng in, bng kh nn hay c kh.
25.4.1. Bng in
25.4.1.1. Phi cung cp nng lng cho mch pht hin bng in ca cc c cu ngt
t hai ngun in c lp, ngha l mt ngun cung cp chnh, vi b chuyn i
t ng v bo ng chuyn sang ngun c quy d phng khi ngun cung cp
chnh b hng.
25.4.1.2. Cc thit b pht hin v ngt phi c kim sot t ng v cc tn hiu bo
ng c s c mi c cu hoc ng dy, cc tn hiu s c ny phi khc vi
cc tn hiu bo ng ch th hot ng ca h thng.
25.4.2. Bng kh nn
25.4.2.1. Cacbon dioxit t h thng cha chy c th c s dng nh mt ngun
nng lng. Nu la chn mt ngun kh nn khc th ngun ch c dng
ring cho mc ch ny, v phi m bo c chc nng vn hnh.
25.4.2.2. Khi dng p sut t bnh cha iu khin lm phng tin v m cc bnh
cha cn li, th lu lng cung cp v x phi c thit k tc ng x ng
thi tt c cc bnh cn li, s cung cp kh iu khin phi c kim sot lin
tc v s c tn hiu bo h hng trong trng hp c s c mt hoc p sut qu
mc.
25.4.2.3. Cc thit b pht hin iu khin t ng v h thng ng phi c kim tra
nh k v mc chnh xc trong vn hnh.
25.4.3. Bng c kh
Ch thch: Cc h thng tc ng x c th hot ng bng c kh bi cc cp v ba
ri.
Dy no cp iu khin c lng trong cc ng bo v c cc rng rc quay t do
cc gc i hng.
Cc dy no cp iu khin phi c kim tra nh k m bo cho vn hnh c
ng n.
26. THANH TRA V A VO VN HNH
Sau khi lp t, ngi sn xut hoc i l ca ngi sn xut phi kim tra tng h thng cha
chy cacbon dioxit m bo cho h thng vn hnh c chnh xc (xem iu 27). Giy chng
nhn kim tra i vi php th ny phi giao li cho ngi mua.
Sau khi lp t, phi cung cp nhng hng dn chi tit cho nhn vin chu trch nhim v thanh
tra v bo dng h thng.
27. TH NGHIM VN HNH
kim tra vic lp t v vn hnh ng n ca h thng theo yu cu quy nh, phi tin hnh
th tnh lin tc ca ng ng dn vi s lu thng t do, khng b tc ca dng kh, nh th
thi bng khng kh nn hay cacbon dioxit nn. Ngoi ra, nu c yu cu ca c quan c thm
quyn, c th tin hnh th x hon ton. Trong php th ny, phi o thi gian x v xc nh
nng ca cacbon dioxit, s phn phi kh cacbon dioxit trn vng b s c chy v thi gian
duy tr.
28. HNG DN VN HNH V BO DNG
15

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Phi t c nh v tr d nhn thy bng hay bin bo bng vt liu bn vng hng dn s
dng h thng cha chy. Nhng ch dn ny phi cung cp thng tin y v vn hnh ca h
thng v thng tin ngn gn v bo dng hng ngy v vic b sung thm kh cho h thng sau
khi x. Phi cung cp h s vn hnh v bo dng cho ngi mua.
Ch thch: Khi tho bnh cha cacbon dioxit ra khi h thng sa cha, phi bo m an ton
y cho bnh cha trc khi bt u mt cng vic no v cc van hay cc c cu tc ng x.

16

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Ph lc A (quy nh)

TRNH T TH XC NH NNG
CACBON DIOXIT I VI CC CHT LNG
V CHT KH CHY (XEM 15.3)

Ch thch: iu cn ch l cng vic c tin hnh i vi dng c ny c th dn n

mt s iu chnh ca cc s liu trong Bng 1.
A.1. Nguyn l

Dng c kiu chn nung c dng xc nh nng cha chy i vi cc cht lng v
cht kh.
Kt qu thu c l nng l thuyt nh nht ca cacbon dioxit cha chy. Nng thit
k c xc nh t hnh ny (xem iu A.5). Nng thit k nh nht c s dng l 34% c
biu din bi h s KB l 1.
i vi cc vt liu chy i hi mt h s ln hn 1, th h s vt liu c p dng nh
trnh by trong Bng 1 v c s dng trong cng thc tnh m 15.2.
chuyn i nng thit k c tnh ton (thu c bng cch s dng dng c th) sang
mt h s vt liu KB, s dng cng thc sau:
KB =

ln (1 C )

ln (1 Cs )

Trong

%
100

%
0,34
100

A.2. Dng c

Dng c th l mt chn nung c th hin nh trong Hnh A.1.

A.3. Trnh t th i vi cc cht lng chy

A.3.1. Cho mt mu cht lng chy vo trong bnh cha cht t.

A.3.2. iu khin thit b iu chnh mc t di bnh cha cht t a cht t vo trong
chn ti mc cch ming chn 1mm.
A.3.3. ng in cho b phn nung nng chn a nhit cht t ln ti 25C, hay cao
hn nhit bc chy ca cht t c xc nh bng chn h l 5C, chu nhit no cao hn.
A.3.4. t chy cht t bng phng tin thch hp, thng dng in, v n khng lm bn
cht t c th.
A.3.5. iu chnh lu lng khng kh t ti 40lt/pht.
A.3.6. Bt u m lung cacbon dioxit v tng n t t cho ti khi ng la b dp tt. Ghi li
lu lng cacbon dioxit.
A.3.7. Rt khong 10ml n 20ml cht t t pha trn b mt chn bng ng ht c chia .
A.3.8. Lp li cc bc A.3.4 ti A.3.6 v tnh gi tr trung bnh ca cc kt qu.
A.3.9. Tnh nng dp ngn la, TC, bng phn trm theo cng thc:
TC =

VF
100
40 + VF

17

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Trong :
VF l lu lng cacbon dioxit, tnh bng lt trn pht (l/ph).
A.3.10. Tng nhit cht t ln n nhit thp hn im si ca cht t l 5C hoc ti
200C, chn nhit no thp hn.
A.3.11. Lp li cc bc A.3.2 v A.3.4 cho ti A.3.9.
A.3.12. Ly nng dp ngn la l gi tr cao hn c tnh t hai nhit cht t.
A.4. Trnh t th i vi cc cht kh chy

A.4.1. Dng c c sa i bng cch nhi y chn bng bng thy tinh v lp mt lu
lng k kiu phao hiu chnh, cho cht t vo ch bnh ng cht t ca Hnh A1. Lu lng
k c ni vi mt ngun cht t qua mt b iu chnh p sut thch hp.
A.4.2. iu chnh lu lng cht t sinh ra mt tc tuyn tnh trong chn l 130mm/s.
A.4.3. Hon thnh cc bc t A.3.3 ti A.3.9.
A.4.4. Tng nhit cht t ln ti 150C.
A.4.5. Lp li cc bc t A.3.4 ti A.3.9.
A.4.6. Ly nng cht dp tt ngn la l gi tr cao hn c tnh t hai nhit cht t.
A.4.7. Nu yu cu nng nhit cao hn, vt qu nng nhit thp hn mt
lng ng k th cht t c xp loi l nhy cm nhit . Nng dp ngn la i vi cc
cht t nhy cm nhit phi c xc nh nhit ln nht trong khu vc bo v.
A.5. Tnh ton nng thit k

Ly nng thit k l gi tr ca nng dp tt ngn la nhn vi 1,7.

Kch thc tnh bng milimt.

Hnh A1: Dng c kiu chn nung

18

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Ph lc B (quy nh)

XC NH KCH THC NG V MING PHUN

CA H THNG CACBON DIOXIT
B.1. p sut lu tr l mt yu t quan trng i vi lu lng cacbon dioxit. Trong lu tr p
thp th p sut khi ng trong bnh cha s gim mt lng ty thuc v iu kin tt c hay ch
mt phn ca lng cung cp b x. Do , p sut lu tr s khong 19,7bar. Cng thc tnh lu
lng c da trn p sut tuyt i, do , 20,7bar c dng cho cc tnh ton cn thit i vi h
thng p sut thp.

Trong h thng p sut cao, p sut lu tr ph thuc vo nhit mi trng xung quanh.
Nhit mi trng xung quanh chun c gi nh l 21C. nhit ny, p sut trung bnh
trong bnh trong khi x phn cht lng s vo khong 51,7bar. Do , p sut ny c chn cho
cc tnh ton i vi h thng p sut cao.
S dng cc p sut 20,7bar v 51,7bar trn, cc gi tr c xc nh cho cc h s Y v
Z trong cng thc tnh lu lng. Nhng gi tr ny c quy nh trong cc Bng B.1 v B.2.
B.2. p dng trong thc t, nn v cc ng cong biu din cho mi kch thc ng c th
c s dng. Tuy nhin, phi ch rng cng thc tnh lu lng c th c trnh by nh sau:
L
105 0,8725Y
=
0,04319Z
2
D1,25
Q
2
D
L
Q
v 2 , c th dng mt h cc ng
1,25
D
D
cong biu din cho bt k kch thc ng no. Hnh B.1. cho thng tin v lu lng i vi nhit
lu tr -18C trn c s ny. Hnh B.2. cho thng tin tng t i vi p sut cao 21C.

Nh vy, bng cch lp th cho nhng gi tr

Nhng ng cong ny c th c s dng thit k cc h thng hay kim tra nhng

mc lu lng. Nhng iu kin p sut bt k mt im no trong ng ng c th thu c bng
Q
L
Q
tnh ton cc gi tr 2 v 1,25 . Sau , cc im s c v ln ng cong 2 c cc p sut
D
D
D
im u v p sut im cui. V d, bi ton c t ra l xc nh p sut im cui cho mt h
thng p sut thp gm c 50mm ng ng c 40 vi mt chiu di tng ng l 152m v lu
lng l 454kg/pht.
Trc tin cn tnh ton cc gi tr

Q
L
v 1,25 theo cng thc:
2
D
D

Q
454
=
= 0,165 kg/pht trn mm2
D 2 2758

L
152
=
= 1,075 m/mm1,25
1,25
D
141,3

19

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

L
bng 0 c biu din trong Hnh B.1 im S1. p
D1,25
dng im cui c tm thy vo khong 15,7bar im T1, trong gi tr l 0,165 giao nhau vi
c
L
gi tr 1,25 1,075.
D

p sut im u l 20,7bar v

Nu ng ny kt thc mt u phun duy nht, din tch tng ng ming u phun phi
c gn cho p sut im cui kim tra lu lng mc mong mun l 454kg/pht.
Tham kho Bng B.8 s nhn thy rng mc lu lng x s l 0,9913kg/pht.mm2 ca din
tch tng ng ca ming u phun khi p sut ming u phun l 15,9bar. Din tch tng ng
ca ming u phun bng lu lng tng chia cho lu lng trn mt milimt vung.
Bng B.1 Gi tr Y v Z i vi h thng p sut thp

p sut
Bar
20,7
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

MPa
2,07
2
1,9
1,8
1,7
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,1
1,0

0
665
1500
2201
2790
3258
3696
4045
4338
4584
4789
4962

0
0,12
0,295
0,470
0,645
0,820
0,994
1,169
1,344
1,519
1,693
1,868

Bng B.2 Gi tr Y v Z i vi h thng p sut cao

p sut
Bar
51,7
51,0
50,5
50,0
47,5
45,0
42,5
40,0
37,5
35,0
32,5
30,0

MPa
5,17
5,10
5,05
5,00
4,75
4,50
4,25
4,00
3,75
3,50
3,25
3,00
20

0
554
972
1325
3037
4616
6129
7256
8283
9277
10050
10823

0
0,0035
0,0600
0,0825
0,2100
0,3300
0,4270
0,5700
0,7000
0,8300
0,9500
1,0860
typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

p sut
Bar

MPa

27,5
25,0
22,5
20,0
17,5
14,0

2,75
2,50
2,25
2,00
1,75
1,40

11507
12193
12502
12855
12187
13408

1,2400
1,4300
1,6200
1,8400
2,1400
2,5900

Hnh B1: S gim p sut trong ng dn i vi p sut lu tr 20,7bar (2,07MPa)

Din tch tng ng ming u phun

4,54 /
0,9913 / /

458

Trn quan im thc t, ngi thit k s chn mt u phun chun c mt din tch tng
ng gn nht vi din tch c tnh ton. Nu din tch ming u phun ln hn mt t, th lu
lng thc t s ln hn mt t v cc p sut im cui s phn no thp hn gi tr tnh l
15,7bar.
B.3. Trong v d trn, nu thay mt u ln vo im cui, ng ng bt vo hai ng nh, cn
phi xc nh p sut u cui ca mi ng nhnh. minh ha cho trnh t ny, gi thit rng cc
ng nhnh bng nhau vo c 40mm ng c 40 vi chiu di tng ng l 60mm v lu lng trong
mi mt nhnh l 227kg/pht.

Cc gi tr

Q
L
v 1,25 c tnh ton cho ng nhnh l:
2
D
D
Q
227
=
= 0,136 kg/pht/mm2
2
1673
D

L
61
=
= 0,59 mm1,25
1,25
D
103, 4
21

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

T Hnh B.1, p sut im u l 15,7bar (p sut im cui ca ng ng chnh) giao nhau

Q
L
vi ng 2 = 0,136 im S2 cho mt gi tr ca 1,25 = 1,6 . p sut im cui c tm thy
D
D
Q
L
bng cch di chuyn ng 2 sang phi mt khong cch l 0,59 theo trc honh 1,25 , ngha l
D
D
L
= 1,60 + 0,59 = 2,19 ti im T2 p sut im cui l 11,4bar. Vi p sut im cui mi
D1,25
ny v lu lng 227kg/pht, din tch yu cu ca u phun cui mi ng nhnh thu c t Bng
B.7 l xp x 368mm2.
Ta s nhn thy rng n ch hi nh hn mt t so vi v d mt u phun ln duy nht, nhng
lu lng x gim i mt na bi p sut gim.

Hnh B2: S gim p trong ng dn i vi p sut lu tr 51,7bar (5,17MPa)

B.4. Trong h thng p sut cao, ng gp c cp kh cacbon dioxit bi mt bnh kh ri. Lu
lng tng ny c chia cho s bnh kh c c lu lng t mi bnh kh. Kh nng lu thng
van ca bnh kh v ng ni vi ng gp s thay i ty theo kt cu v kch thc vi mi ngi
sn xut. i vi bt k mt van no, ng ni v b ghp ni, chiu di tng ng c th c xc
nh bng chiu di n v ca kch thc ng tiu chun. Vi thng tin ny, c th s dng cng
thc tnh lu lng v mt ng biu din lu lng i vi s gim p. iu ny cho ta mt
phng php thun tin xc nh p sut ca ng i vi mt van v t hp cc ng ni.
B.5. Cc Bng B.3 v B.4 quy nh chiu di tng ng ca cc ph tng ng ng xc
nh chiu di tng ng cho cc h thng ng ng. Cc bng ny ch a ra cc hng dn c
th s dng cc s liu ca ngi sn xut. Bng B.3 quy nh cho cc ph tng ni ng bng ren v
Bng B.4 cho cc ph tng ni ng bng hn. C hai bng u cho cc c kch thc ng 40; tuy
nhin, i vi tt c cc mc ch thc tin, nhng s liu ny cng c th dng cho cc c kch thc
ng 80.
B.6. i vi cc thay i danh ngha v nng ca ng ng, v v p sut u c nng
cao l khng ng k. Tuy nhin, nu c mt s thay i ln v nng th phi xt n yu t ny.
Vic iu chnh p sut u c nng cao trn mt mt (1m), nng ph thuc vo p sut trung
bnh ca ng ng ti ch c nng v mt thay i theo p sut.

22

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Thng s iu chnh c cho trong cc Bng B.5 v B.6 tng ng vi cc h thng p sut
thp v p sut cao. p sut im cui phi tr i lng iu chnh khi dng kh i ln cao v c
cng vi lng iu chnh khi dng kh i xung. p sut im cui ming x c xc nh
c th chn cc u phun c kch c thch hp.
i vi h thng p sut thp, lu lng x qua cc ming u phun tng ng l cc gi tr
cho trong Bng B.8. Cc p sut thit k ca u phun nhit lu tr 21C khng c nh hn
14bar.
Bng B.3 Chiu di tng ng ca cc ph tng ni ng bng ren

Kch thc danh ngha

ca ng ng

ng khuu
45

ng khuu
90

ng khuu
90 di v
ng ch T

ng ch T

Khp ni
hay van ca

Inch

mm

3/8

10

0,18

0,4

0,24

0,82

0,09

1/2

15

0,24

0,52

0,3

0,12

3/4

20

0,3

0,67

0,43

1,4

0,15

25

0,4

0,85

0,55

1,7

0,18

32

0,52

1,1

0,7

2,3

0,24

40

0,61

1,3

0,82

2,7

0,27

50

0,79

1,7

1,1

3,41

0,37

65

0,94

1,2

4,08

0,43

80

1,2

2,5

1,6

5,06

0,55

100

1,5

3,26

6,64

0,73

125

1,9

4,08

2,6

8,35

0,91

150

2,3

4,94

3,08

10

1,1

Bng B.4 Chiu di tng ng ca cc ph tng ni ng bng hn

Kch thc danh ngha

ca ng ng

ng khuu
45

ng khuu
90

ng khuu
90 di v
ng ch T

ng ch T

Khp ni
hay van ca

Inch

mm

3/8

10

0,06

0,21

0,15

0,49

0,09

1/2

15

0,09

0,24

0,21

0,64

0,12

3/4

20

0,12

0,33

0,27

0,85

0,15

25

0,15

0,43

0,33

1,1

0,18

32

0,21

0,55

0,46

1,4

0,24

40

0,24

0,64

0,52

1,6

0,27

50

0,3

0,85

0,67

2,1

0,37

65

0,37

0,82

2,5

0,43

23

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

Kch thc danh ngha

ca ng ng

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

ng khuu
45

ng khuu
90

ng khuu
90 di v
ng ch T

ng ch T

Khp ni
hay van ca

Inch

mm

80

0,46

1,2

3,11

0,55

100

0,61

1,6

1,3

4,08

0,73

150

0,91

2,5

6,16

1,1

Bng B.5 Lng iu chnh nng i vi cc h thng p sut thp

p sut ng trung bnh

Lng iu chnh nng

bar

MPa

bar/m

MPa/m

20,7

2,07

0,100

0,010

19,3

1,93

0,0776

0,0078

17,9

17,9

0,0599

0,0060

16,5

16,5

0,0468

0,0047

15,2

1,52

0,0378

0,0038

13,8

1,38

0,0303

0,0030

12,4

1,24

0,0242

0,0024

11,0

1,10

0,0192

0,0019

10,0

1,00

0,0162

0,0016

Bng B.6 Lng iu chnh nng i vi cc h thng p sut thp

p sut ng trung bnh

Lng iu chnh nng

bar

MPa

bar/m

MPa/m

51,7

5,17

0,0796

0,0080

48,3

4,83

0,0679

0,0068

44,8

4,48

0,0677

0,0068

41,4

4,14

0,0486

0,0049

37,9

3,79

0,0400

0,0040

34,5

3,45

0,0339

0,0034

31,0

3,10

0,0283

0,0028

27,6

2,76

0,0238

0,0024

24,1

2,41

0,0192

0,0019

20,7

2,07

0,0158

0,0016

17,2

1,72

0,0124

0,0012

14,0

1,40

0,0102

0,0010

24

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Bng B.7 Lu lng x ca din tch tng ng ming u phun (1) i vi h thng p sut

thp
p sut ming u phun

(1)

bar

MPa

Lng x
kg/pht/mm2

20,7

2,07

2,967

20,0

2,00

2,039

19,3

1,93

1,670

18,6

1,86

1,441

17,9

17,9

1,283

17,2

1,72

1,164

16,5

16,5

1,072

15,9

1,59

0,9913

15,2

1,52

0,9175

14,5

1,45

0,8507

13,8

1,38

0,791

13,1

1,31

0,7368

12,4

1,24

0,6869

11,7

1,17

0,6412

11,0

1,10

0,599

10,0

1,00

0,54

Da theo u phun n tiu chun c l vo trn vi h s l 0,98

Bng B.8 Lu lng x ca din tch tng ng ming u phun(1) i vi cc h thng p

sut thp

p sut ming u phun

bar

MPa

Lng x
kg/pht/mm2

51,7

5,17

3,255

50,0

5,00

2,703

48,3

4,83

2,401

46,5

4,65

2,172

44,8

4,48

1,993

43,1

4,31

1,839

41,4

4,14

1,705

39,6

3,96

1,589

37,9

3,79

1,487

36,2

3,62

1,396
25

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

p sut ming u phun

(1)

bar

MPa

Lng x
kg/pht/mm2

34,5

3,45

1,308

32,8

3,28

1,223

31,0

3,10

1,139

29,3

2,93

1,062

27,6

2,76

0,9843

25,9

2,59

0,907

24,1

2,41

0,8296

22,4

2,24

0,7593

20,7

2,07

0,689

17,2

1,72

0,5484

14,0

1,40

0,4833

Da theo u phun n tiu chun c l vo trn vi h s l 0,98

B.7. Trong cc h thng p sut cao, thi hn thc hin dng kh cn bng thng l khng
ng k. Trong cc h thng p sut thp, thi hn v lng cacbon dioxit ha hi trong vic lm mt
ng cn c tnh ton v lu lng dng kh cn bng phi c tng ln cho ph hp c th tnh
c nh sau:
td =

mC p ( T1 T 2 ) 16850V
+
Q
0,507Q

mv =

mC p (T1 T2 )
H

Trong :
m l khi lng ng, tnh bng kilogam;
Cp l nhit lng ring ca kim loi lm ng, tnh bng kilojun trn kilogam(1); kJ

kg

T1 l nhit trung bnh ca ng trc khi x, tnh bng C

T2 l nhit trung bnh ca cacbon dioxit, tnh bng C(2)
Q l lu lng thit k, tnh bng kilogam trn pht; kg

ph

V l th tch ng, tnh bng mt khi, m

H l nhit n ha hi ca cacbon dioxit lng, tnh bng kilojun trn kilogam(3); kJ

kg

Cp=0,46kJ/kg.
Gi thit T2=15,6C i vi p sut cao v T2=20,6C i vi cc thit b p sut thp trong nhng iu khin
chun.
3
H=150,7kJ/khng gian i vi p sut cao v H=276,3kJ/khng gian i vi cc h thng p sut thp.
2

26

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Ph lc C (tham kho)

THNG TIN V CACBON DIOXIT V CC NG DNG

Cc cht cha cacbon dioxit l cht khng mu, khng mi v l kh tr khng dn in.
Cacbon dioxit nng gn gp mt ln ri khng kh. Mt kilogam cacbon dioxit lng p sut kh
quyn v 0C s to ra gn 0,51m3 kh. Cacbon dioxit c cha thnh bnh chu p lc thng
thng tn ti di dng kh ha lng.
Cacbon dioxit dp tt m chy l do gim hm lng xy trong kh quyn ti im khng h
tr cho s chy.
Cacbon dioxit thch hp cho vic dp tt cc dng chy sau:
-

Chy cc cht lng hay cc cht rn ha lng c;

Chy cc cht kh, tr cc trng hp sau khi dp chy c th pht trin mt mi trng
n do kh tip tc thot ra;

Trong mt s iu khin nht nh, chy cc vt liu rn thng c gc l cht hu c trong

s chy thng xy ra cng vi cc tn la hng;
-

Chy cc dng c in ang hot ng;

Cacbon dioxit khng thch hp trong vic cha chy cc vt liu sau:
-

Cc ha cht m bn thn c cha ngun cung cp xy nh xenlul nitrt;

Cc kim loi c hot tnh ha hc v cc hydroxyt ca chng (nh natri, kali, magi,
titan v zincroni). Nng cacbon dioxit m c s dng trong cc h thng cha chy
c tc dng gy ngt v phi c coi l nguy him cao. Do , nhng yu cu v an
ton trong iu 5 phi c xem xt mt cch nghim tc.

27

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

Ph lc D (tham kho)
V D V TNH TON

D.1. Lu lng bng phng php th tch V d 1

D.1.1. S c (mi nguy him)

Bung phun sn (nhng yu cu i vi khong cha y v bi s l mt tnh ton ring bit;
KB = 1)
D.1.2. Kch thc thc
Rng 2,44m (mt m);
Cao 2,13m;
Su 1,83m;
D.1.3. Th tch gi nh
2,44m 2,13m (1,83m su + 0,6m)(1)=12,63m3
D.1.4. T s phn trm ca chu vi ng kn
2, 44 + 1,83 + 1,83
6,1
=
100 = 71%
2, 44 + 2,44 + 1,83 + 1,83 8,54
D.1.5. Lu lng x cho 71% ng kn
4(2) + (1 0,71) (16 4)(2) = 7,48 kg

ph. m3

D.1.6. Lu lng x

kg
12,63(m3) 7,48 kg
3 =94,47
ph
ph
.
m

D.1.7. Yu cu cacbon dioxit

94,47 kg

ph

0,5pht 1,4 (bao gm hi)(3) = 66,13kg

D.2. Lu lng bng phng php th tch V d 2

D.2.1. S c
My in c bn cnh v nh m (khng c vch rn lin tc; KB = 1)
D.2.2. Kch thc thc
Rng 2,44m;
Cao 2,13m;
Su 1,83m;
D.2.3. Th tch gi nh
2,42m 2,72m 1,82 = 11,98m3
D.2.4. T s phn trm ca chu vi ng kn
0%

Xem 16.2.2
Xem tc x c bit tng cng v ti thiu 16.3.3
3
Xem 16.1.1
2

28

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

D.2.5. Lu lng x cho 0% ng kn

16 kg

ph. m3

(1)

D.2.6. Lu lng x
11,98m3 16 kg

ph. m3

= 191,7 kg

ph

D.2.7. Yu cu cacbon dioxit

191,7 kg

ph

0,5pht 1,4 (bao gm hi)(3) = 134,2kg

D.3. Lu lng bng phng php din tch

D.3.1. S c
B ti (KB = 1)
D.3.2. Cc kch thc b mt
Rng 0,92m;
Di 2,13m;
D.3.3. V tr u phun
Gi thit s kho st ch ra rng cc u c th t u , t 0,92m n 1,83m cch xa b
mt cht lng m khng nh hng n s vn hnh.
D.3.4. Th tc
T cc u phun c xc nhn theo danh mc (2) ca ngi sn xut, chn mt s ti thiu cc
u phun s ph mt din tch 2,13 0,92m. Gi thit danh mc c mt u phun vi din tch ph
. Nh vy, hai u phun s ph mt chiu di
c lng l 1,08m2 v mc lu lng l 22,3 kg
ph
2,16m v mt chiu rng l 1,08m.
D.3.5. Tng mc lu lng
1 22,3 kg

ph

= 44,6 kg

ph

D.3.6. Yu cu cacbon dioxit

44,6 kg

ph

0,5pht 1,4 (bao gm hi) = 31,2kg

D.4. H thng cha chy th tch

D.4.1. Bun cha
Bung cha i vi ru etylic (KB = 1,34) c mt l h (khng c ng li) l 2m 1m.
D.4.2. Cc kch thc thc
Di 16m;
Rng 10m;
Cao 3,5m;
D.4.3. Th tch gi nh
1

Xem tc x c bit 16.3.3

Danh mc cc u phun ca ngi sn xut l mt bng s cc u phun t l gia din tch ph tng ng
)
vi chiu cao ca b mt bo v v lu lng cho tnh bng kilogam trn pht ( kg
ph

29

typed by thangnc

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 6101:1990 ISO 6183:1990

VV = 16 10 3,5 = 560m3

D.4.4. Th tch b sung cho thng gi

VZ = 0m3

D.4.5. Th tch khu tr

VG = 0m3
V = 560 0 0 = 560m 3

D.4.6. Tng din tch b mt ca tt c cc cnh

A = (16 10 2 ) + (16 3,5 2 ) + (10 3,5 2 ) = 502m2

D.4.7. Tng din tch b mt ca tt c cc khe h

AOV = 2 1 = 2m2

D.4.8. Din tch

A = 502 + 60 = 562m 2

D.4.9. Lng thit k cacbon dioxit

m = 1,34 0, 2 kg

m2

562m 2 + 0, 7 kg

30

m3

560m3 = 675,9kg .

typed by thangnc