Reading > Paper 1, Part 2 In Paper 1, Part 2 you have to read four short extracts from different sources and answer two multiple-choice questions on each. The extracts will ll be linked by a common theme. The questions may test your understanding of the main ideas, detail and implication «the writer's attitude, tone and purpose © text organisation. [The following four extracts are all on the topic of friendship. Read the extracts quickly to get a general idea ‘of the style and content. Then match them to the following sources: «a novel or an autobiography ‘a specialist journal or an academic reference book + 2 popular magazine (HB) Now read the extracts again and choose the answer (A,B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Ourselves and our friends Most of us have friends as close as family, who, ata pinch, ‘we'd call at 3am for consolation or congratulations because we know they won't resent us. They're almost part of us, and we regale them confidently with our troubles and triumphs. But while I love these Pour Your Heart Out friends, | also need the energy of my Le’ Party friends. These friends care on a different level — less intense, less deep — but they stil care. [And such friendships are important. "With some friends, you want to be playful rather than deeply disclosing’ says psychotherapist Susie Orbach. ‘t's not {usta relief to them that you won't give chapter and verse, it’s a relief to you. It’s healthy to have lots of. different friends at different levels of intimacy because ‘not only is it impossible tobe close to everyone, it's also ‘undesirable. You need the full spectrum. This is the only way you can experiment with different parts of yourself? Of course, it's exasperating to feel stranded with friends who can’t — or won't allow you to open up when there’s opening up to be done. But if we accept cour ‘lite’ friends for what they do want to offer us — fan, laughter, full stop ~ then we enrich our lives {immeasurably See 1 The writer feels her relationships with her ‘ite? friends A are valuable but not fully satisfying B can be relied on in difficult times. C offer more than laughter and enjoyment. D are often frustrating, 2 In this extract, the writer is ‘A opposing an argument. B_ describing a problem. justifying an opinion. D_ reporting on research, Talking to Helena | “You know what you said to Neale about underestimating | ‘tendship?| sald. a “1 was ust thinking I've never experienced ft” { “Now you'e being sily again sald Helena.'Tm sure you | have. 'm sure you'e a very warm-hearted person. i “No.¥e been nove, or omit wth people because |} wanted to se them n some way.” “reckon you were impatlent with people’ she said "You Wanted them to give you something, aways. Sil is natural { ‘be impatient when you're young.” \ “Vonce told Neale | could stand anything but a status quo.’ “Ao now said Helena, one would give anything for a status ‘quo. If only it woul ast. What were you and Neale realy looking fo “A moment | ai, that shoud be immortal. A moment to set up against those moments when you wake up inthe night and realize — oh, that Venice wil crumble into the sea one day, and that even before that you'l be dead yourselt” Helena nodded. ‘Oh, those moments in the night’ she sad “Wnen they come on me now, ust say to myseté We, you now now. You're going to ie, That’ al there i tot "ioked at her, siting. Oh Helena, do ike you. { “That's a good thing She gathered herself robustly inher { chr Because | he you." De See ee 3 What does Helena mean by saying ‘If only it would last.” A. She would like to have more power over her life B_ She would like her friendship with the narrator to survive, She would like her situation to remain unchanged. D_ She would like to stay young forever.4 The wo main themes of their discussion are friendship and A. love, B patience. C death, D fear. STUDYING FRIENDSHIP Ae friendship is a common term in modern cultures, it has not been studied much by social scientists. The word is loosely applied in Anglophone society, although there scems to he general agreement that it has a deeper meaning in Europe than in North America. Arguably, in non-Western cultures it has a more explicit meaning and is used as the basis of structured social relationships. The word ‘friendship’ is not used in any context to deseribe a family relationship, butit does imply some type of reciprocity and obligation between otherwise unrelated individuals, although this varies according to situation and context. Friendships ean range from the relatively casual, depending on shared activity or setting (such asa sports elub), to deep, and enduring relationships of mutual support. The systematic study of friendship has two main strands, The social-psychologied study of the ways in which children develop friendships usually focuses on the correlation between type of friendship and chronological age in childhood. Studies of friendship among adults, however, concentrate on patterns of sociability and tend to focus on class differences. Graham Allen claims that working-class friendship choices are dominated by kin links, although neighbours and work-mates also feature. The middle classes, on the other hand, have a wider, more conscious choice of nds. bitline tac 5 Compared with English-speaking countries, friendship in other parts of the world A. has a deeper meaning B is less vaguely defined has been little studied. D_ is more closely linked to family ties. 6 What are the two main strands in the study of friendship? A social pattems and psychology B_ patterns of friendship for children and adults € working-class and middle-class friendships D children’s friendships and chronological age In my own world I spent a great deal of time inside myself, as if in my own world, screened off from everything else. But there was no world there inside me, only a kind of nothing layer, aneither-nor, a state of being hollow without being empty or filled without being full. It just was, inside myself. This emptiness wasn’t tormenting in itself. I was inside the emptiness and the emptiness was inside ‘me~no more than that. It was nothing but an extension of time ~ | was in that state and it just went on. But the sense of unreality and of always being wrong when I was out in the world, outside ‘myself, was harder to bear. Toften satin the garden, looking at something, absorbed in a flower or a leaf. Then I felt neither wrong nor right, I just was and that never stopped. I never suddenly wanted to do something else. Nothing was happening there inside me. I sat looking, observing. Thad no problem dealing with failing at something that I had decided to do on my own. I simply tried again until it worked. ‘When Thad set the goal myself, my patience was infinite. But ‘when other people demanded something of me, I found it difficult that I failed so often. And every time it happened, I became even more sensitive and felt I was one great failure. 7 When she was apart from others and ‘inside herselP the writer felt A. nothing at all. B_ hopeless and lonely. at one with nature. D cut off from the world, 8 The writer was demoralised when she A was unable to achieve her objectives. B felt unjustly condemned by other people. could not express her feelings about her situation. D_ could not live up to the expectations of others. BB Discuss the following questions. | What does the writer of the first extract mean by saying that friends help you to ‘experiment with different parts of yourself? Do you agree? The author of the last extract is autistic ~ she has a ‘medical condition which means that she finds it difficult to relate to other people and to develop social skills. An autistic person appears to live in his or her own world and may display the following symptoms: + severely limited physical abilities * difficulty in coping with new experiences + lack of outward response to people and actions * difficulty in forming relationships with others. Underline evidence in the extract for one of these symptoms. Dl