CDMA Technical Training

Fundamental of CDMA technology

Technical background for Wavecom Wismo
Quick Q2338 CDMA Module
Q&A

IS-2000 Air Interface

Forward Link
Pilot (F-PICH)
Paging (F-PCH)

Base
Station

Sync (F-SYNC)
Fundamental (F-FCH)
Supplemental (F-SCH)
Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH)

Mobile
Station

Forward Link Channels

Forward Pilot Channel (F-PICH)
Shared by the mobiles
Provide timing and phase information of the cell
Used for cell acquisition and handoff by the mobile
Forward Sync Channel (F-SYNC)
Used by the mobiles to acquire initial time synchronization
Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH)
Used to send control information and paging messages
Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH)
Traffic channel carrying voice and data
Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH)
Used (but not limited) to carrying high speed data

IS-2000 Air Interface

Reverse Link
Pilot (R-PICH)
Access (R-ACH) or R-CCCH

Base
Station

Dedicated Control (R-DCCH)

Fundamental (R-FCH)
Supplemental (R-SCH)

Mobile
Station

Reverse Link Channels

Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH) and Reverse Common Control
Channel (R-CCCH)
Used for communication of layer 3 and MAC messages from the
mobile to the base station
Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH)
Time tracking
Power control measurements
Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH)
Used for call set up
Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH)
Voice and data traffic channel
Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH)
Used for data calls
MSM5105 supports up to 78.6 kbps R-SCH rate

CDMA Band Classes

Band Class 0 (Cellular Band)
Mobile Tx: 824 MHz 848.97 MHz
Mobile Rx: 869.04MHz 893.97 MHz

Band Class 1 (PCS Band)

1850 MHz 1909.95 MHz
1930 MHz 1989.95 MHz

CDMA Call Processing

Power-Up

Synch Channel MSG

Received
Pilot Channel Acquired
MS Acquires System Timing

Mobile Station
Initialization
End Use of
Traffic Channel

Unable to receive
Paging Channel Message

Mobile Station
Idle State

Receives Page
Originates, or
Registers
System Access
State

MS Control on
Traffic Channel State
Directed to Traffic Channel

Receipt of
Acknowledgement
to other than
Origination or
Page Response
message.

CDMA Handoffs
The process whereby a Mobile Station
moves to acquiring a new traffic channel
CDMA implements various types of
handoff schemes to reduce call drop rate

Soft Handoff
Softer Handoff
Soft-softer Handoff
Hard handoff

Type of CDMA Handoffs

Softer Handoff: Mobile Station
communicates with sectors within the cell.
Soft Handoff: Make before Break.
Mobile communicates with two cells.
Soft-softer Handoff: Mobile Station
communicates with two sectors within a cell
and another sector or cell.

Soft Handoff Advantage

Reduce call drop rate Make before
Break
Improve capacity
Path diversity allows mobile to reduce transmit
power to the level only the closest cell needs
Less power means less interference
Less interference means more mobiles can
access the network

Power Control
Reverse Link Power Control
BTS instructs Mobile Station to raise or reduce
power level based on received signal quality

Forward Link Power Control

BTS raise or reduce its transmit power level
based on FER reports from Mobile Stations

Reverse Link Open Loop Power

Control
Mobile station adjusts its transmit power level based on received
signal quality.
Mobile transmit power based on Open Loop Power Control
Tx = -Rx-K+(NOM.PWR-16*NOM.PWR.EXT)+Sum of Access
Probe Corrections (dBm)
Rx: Mean input receive power
NOM.PWR: nominal power (dB), part of system parameter
NOM.PWR.EXT: nominal power for extended handoff, part of
system parameter
K: 76 for cellular and 73 for PCS

Reverse Link Closed Loop Power

Control
Closed loop power control attempts to
compensate for multipath fading losses
BTS instructs Mobile to adjust its transmit
power in a 1dB step size: 0 = -1 dB,
1=+1dB
Response time: 1.25ms

Forward Link Power Control

BTS collect FER report from the Mobile
Station and makes decision on adjusting its
transmit power
Prevents excessive interference to other
cells while maintaining a desired Fram
Error Rate

Power Control Advantage

Reduce uneccessary interference resulting
in improving capacity
Extend battary talk time
Less power = less RF polution

Q2338 Hardware Specification

RF
RF block diagram
Transmitter features and specifications
Receiver feature and specification

Baseband
System connector
Memory specification
Power consumption

Q2338 Hardware Specification

RF

Q2338 Hardware Specification

Baseband
S R A M

A /D B u s

M S M 5105
G P IO /A U D IO /C o m m
K eypad B us

V R eg
V R eg

C H G O N

FE T

V R eg
V R eg

V B A T T
V R eg
O N /O F F

V R eg

V C C
V C C _A
V C C _R X
V C C _T X
V _T C X O
V _P LL

R F

R F C o n tro l

FE T

S e rial B u s

C H G V

Key O N

S y s te m C o n n e c to r

F la s h

Q2338 Software Architecture

Features Summary

IS2000 Rel.0 1X, IS-95A/B protocols

Two way SMS
Voice (8K EVRC, 13K QCELP)
Packet (153kbps) and Asynchronous data services (9.6kbps,14.4kbps)
Fax (Class 2.0 Group 3)
R-UIM/SIM, UART (up to 230kbps), USB
TCP/IP/PPP and Sockets
Secure Socket Layer
OTASP/OTAPA
Authentication and Encryption
Voice Privacy
System Determination 1.0 and 2.0, Preferred Roaming Support
Mobile IP
Voice Recognition (optional, extra license)

Q2338 Software Architecture

Tools

Flash Downloader
RF Calibration (auto and manual)
RF tester (In-house use only)
UPST (Universal Product Support Tool)
UDM (Universal Diagnostic Monitor)
ESN Tool
Remote Development Environment (Remote
MMI/Application Simulation and Development)

Q2338 CDG Testing

Will comply with US CDG testing process
CDG 1
Third party test house
Internal testing using Spirent C2K AirAccess Test
System

CDG 2
Submitting to Interoperability Labs at Lucent, Nortel and
Motorola

CDG 3
Cooperation with the carriers for field testing

Q2338 CDG 1 Testing

In house Testing with Spirent
Testing based on IS-98D
RF Parametric Tests: Receiver Sensitivity, for
example
Basic Call Processing Test: Idle Handoff test,
for example

Serves as entrance criteria to CDG 2

Q2338 CDG 2 Testing

Infrastructure interoperability testing
Testing based on IS-898

Handoff tests
POTS tests
Asynchronous Data tests
High Speed Data tests
Fax test

Q2338 CDG 3 Testing

Field testing with Carriers
Formal CDG 3 testing requires Carrier
participation as certain network parameters
need to be adjusted

CDMA Testing in China

Same testing standards as in the US
Need Network Access Certificate from
MII:

CDG Testing in MTNet

CDG 1 type testing in China TTL
Emission testing in China TTL
User trial done by China TTL

Q2338 Integration
RF Antenna
Q2338 Module

External Antenna
Host Device
UART

60 Pin System
Connector

R-UIM
MIC/SPK
LCD

60 Pin System
Connector

Q2338 Integration: RF Antenna

Three options available
Soldering on directly provide that antenna
already has 50 ohm line
Matcing circuit
Open space available for matching circuit if not 50
ohm line

RADIALL Sprint board connection