CASE STUDY ON

SPC / SQC
TECHNIQUES

STORE:PRIMER NO.12

MULTI DECO CNC M/C NO.

10364

COMPONENT:BODY

USL=16.027
LSL=15.926

OPERATION:COMPLETE

PARAMETER:TOTAL
LENGTH

FREQUENCY:60 MIN

ONLINE DATA FOR SPC BY

CONTROL CHARTS
SLNO X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X BAR R

15.96

15.98

15.96

15.98

15.96

15.968 0.02

15.94

15.97

15.97

15.96

15.94

15.956 0.03

15.96

15.98

15.97

15.98

15.98

15.974 0.02

15.96

15.97

15.96

15.97

15.97

15.966 0.01

15.98

15.98

15.96

15.97

15.96

15.972 0.02

15.96

15.97

15.96

15.97

15.97

15.966 0.01

STEPS FOR X BAR CHART

AND R CHART
COMPUTE X AND R
X = 15.967
R = 0.0183
CALCULATE UPPER CONTROL LIMIT (UCL) AND
LOWER CONTROL LIMIT (LCL) FOR X BAR CHAR AND R CHART
X CHART

R- CHART

UCL = X +A2 R

D4 X R

LCL = X A2 R
D3 X R
(A2, D3 & D4 ARE STANDARD VALUE)

COMPUTE UCL &LCL

FOR X BAR CHART
UCL = 15.967 + 0.577 x 0.0183 = 15.977
LCL = 15.967 0.577 x 0.0183 = 15.956
FOR R CHART
UCL = 2.115 x 0.0183 = 0.0387
LCL = 0 x 0.0.0183
=0

X BAR CHART

USL

LSL

R CHART

INTERPRETATION OF X BAR
CHART AND R CHART

THE PROCESS IS IN CONTROL AS

BOTH THE CHART SHOWS A STATE
OF CONTROL.

PROCESS CAPABILITY
INDEX
Cp=TOLERANCE / 6 SIGMA
= USL-LSL / 6 SIGMA
SIGMA= R BAR / d2 (d2 standard value)
= 0.0183 / 2.326 = 0.0078

COMPUTE Cp & Cpk

Cp=16.027 15.926 / 6 SIGMA
= 2.158
Cpk=Min [USL X /3SD,X -LSL/3SD]
=Min [16.027 15.967/3X0.0078,
15.967-15.926/3 X 0.0078]
=Min [ 2.56 , 1.752 ] = 1.752

COMPARISON OF SIGMA
QUALITY LEVELS
Quality Level

Cp

Defective PPM

2 Sigma

0.17

308538

3 Sigma

0.50

66807

4 Sigma

0.83

6210

5 Sigma

1.17

233

6 Sigma

1.50

3.4

INTERPRETATION OF Cp
AND Cpk INDEX
THE VALUE OF Cp = 2.158
THE VALUE OF Cpk= 1.752
THIS INDICATE THAT PROCESS
QUALITY LEVEL IS ABOVE 6 SIGMA
LEVEL.