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B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM
MN: N K THUT THC PHM
TI: THIT K THIT B CHNG CT HN

HP ETHANOL - NC NNG SUT NHP LIU
2500KG HN HP/H
GVHD: ThS. NGUYN HU QUYN
Lp: 04DHLTP1
SVTH:
NGUYN THANH TRC
2005140018
TRNH NGUYN TRNG HIU
2005140003
Thnh ph h ch minh, ngy,thngnm

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 1
MC LC
LI M U ................................................................................................................................. 4
Mc tiu nghin cu .................................................................................................................... 4
ngha ti............................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 L THUYT V CHNG CT .......................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Khi nim qu trnh chng ct ....................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 c im ca qu trnh chng ct ................................................................................. 5
1.1.3 Cc phng php chng ct ........................................................................................... 6
1.1.4 Cn bng lng- hi hn hp 2 cu t ............................................................................ 7
1.1.5 ng dng qu trnh chng ct trong cng nghip ......................................................... 7
1.1.6 Thit b chng ct ........................................................................................................... 7
1.2 GII THIU S B NGUYN LIU ................................................................................. 9
1.2.1 Etanol .............................................................................................................................. 9
1.2.2 Nc ............................................................................................................................ 14
1.2.3 Hn hp Etanol Nc ............................................................................................... 15
1.3 CNG NGH CHNG CT H ETANOL NC ..................................................... 15
CHNG II : CN BNG VT CHT ..................................................................................... 18
2.1 CC THNG S BAN U ............................................................................................. 18
2.2 XC NH SUT LNG SN PHM NH V SN PHM Y......................... 18
2.3 XC NH T S HON LU THCH HP ................................................................... 20
2.3.1 T s hon lu ti thiu ................................................................................................. 20
2.3.2 T s hon lu thch hp ............................................................................................... 20
2.4 PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC S MM L THUYT ................................ 20
2.4.1 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on ct ................................................... 20
2.4.2 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng ............................................... 20
2.4.3 S mm l thuyt .......................................................................................................... 20
2.5 XC NH S MM THC T - BIU CHNG CT ........................................... 21
CHNG III: TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT ................................................ 24
3.1 NG KNH THP ........................................................................................................ 24
3.1.1 ng knh on ct .................................................................................................... 24
3.1.2 ng knh on chng ............................................................................................... 29
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 2
3.2 MM L TR LC CA MM ................................................................................... 34
3.2.1 Cu to mm l ............................................................................................................. 34
3.2.2 gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm ......................................................................... 35
3.2 3 Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ng ........................................................................... 41
3.3 TNH TON C KH CA THP .................................................................................... 43
3.3.1 B dy thn thp ........................................................................................................... 43
3.3.2 y v np thit b ........................................................................................................ 46
3.3.3 Bch ghp thn, y v np ........................................................................................... 47
3.3.4 ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn ...................................................... 48
3.4.5 Tai treo v chn ....................................................................................................... 56
CHNG IV: TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT- THIT B PH ............................. 62
4.1 CN BNG NNG LNG ............................................................................................. 62
4.2 CC THIT B TRUYN NHIT ..................................................................................... 69
4.2.1 Thit b ngng t sn phm nh .................................................................................. 69
4.2.2 Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh ................................................................................ 75
4.2.3 Ni un gia nhit sn phm y ................................................................................... 82
4.3 TNH TON BM NHP LIU ....................................................................................... 87
4.3.1 Tnh chiu cao bn cao v ............................................................................................. 87
4.3.2 Chn bm ..................................................................................................................... 94
CHNG V: KT LUN ............................................................................................................ 99
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................................... 100

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 3
LI M U
Mt trong nhng ngnh c s ng gp to ln n ngnh cng nghip nc ta ni
ring v th gii ni chung, l ngnh cng nghip ha hc. c bit l ngnh ha cht
c bn,hin nay trong nhiu ngnh sn sut ha hc cng nh s dng sn phm ha hc,
nhu cu s dng nguyn liu hoc sn phm c tinh khit cao phi ph hp vi quy
trnh sn sut hoc nhu cu s dng. Ngy nay, cc phng php c s dng nng
cao tinh khit: trch ly, chng ct, c c, hp thu Ty theo c tnh yu cu ca sn
phm m ta c s la chn phng php thch hp. i vi h Etanol - Nc l 2 cu t
tan ln hon ton, ta phi dng phng php chng ct nng cao tinh khit cho
Etanol.
Mc tiu nghin cu
Nhim v ca AMH l thit k thp chng ct h Etanol - Nc hot ng lin
tc vi nng sut nhp liu 2500 kg/h ,dng nhp liu c thnh phn 18% khi lng
etanol, dng sn phm nh c 82% khi lng ethanol, dng sn phm y c 2,2% khi
lng etanol
Em chn thnh cm n cc qu thy c b mn My & Thit B,c bit l thy
Th.s Nguyn Hu Quyn , gip em hon thnh n ny. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh
hon thnh n khng th khng c sai st, em rt mong qu thy c gp , ch dn.
ngha ti
n mn hc Qu trnh v Thit b l mt mn hc mang tnh tng hp trong
qu trnh hc tp ca cc k s ho- thc phm tng lai. Mn hc gip sinh vin gii
quyt nhim v tnh ton c th v: yu cu cng ngh, kt cu, gi thnh ca mt thit
b trong sn xut ho cht - thc phm. y l bc u tin sinh vin vn dng
nhng kin thc hc ca nhiu mn hc vo gii quyt nhng vn k thut thc t
mt cch tng hp.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 4
CHNG I : TNG QUAN

1.1 L THUYT V CHNG CT
1.1.1 Khi nim qu trnh chng ct
Chng ct l qu trnh phn tch hn hp lng (hoc kh lng) thnh cc cu t
ring bit da vo s khc nhau v bay hi ca chng (hay nhit si khc nhau
cng p sut), bng cch lp i lp li nhiu ln qu trnh bay hi - ngng t, trong vt
cht i t pha lng vo pha hi hoc ngc li. Khc vi c c, chng ct l qu trnh
trong c dung mi v cht tan u bay hi, cn c c l qu trnh trong ch c
dung mi bay hi.
1.1.2 c im ca qu trnh chng ct
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu
c by nhiu sn phm.
Hn hp em chng ct gi l dng nhp liu cha cu t d bay hi v cu t
kh bay hi, thnh phn ca cc cu t ty thuc vo c im ca ngun nguyn liu.
Dng sn phm thu c bng cch bc hi v ngng t gi l dng sn phm
nh cha ch yu cu t d bay hi v mt phn rt t cu t kh bay hi.Dng sn phm
thu c y thit b gi l dng sn phm y cha ch yu cu t kh bay hi v
mt phn rt t cu t d bay hi.
Dng hon lu l dng ngng t nh ca thit b c cp tun hon tr li
thit b nhm tng hiu sut ca qu trnh chng ct. Ngoi ra cn lm tng tinh khit
ca sn phm cha ch yu cu t d bay hi v mt phn rt t cu t kh bay hi.
Ch : Dng hon lu v dng sn phm nh c cc thnh phn cu t nh hon
ton ging nhau

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 5
1.1.3 Cc phng php chng ct

Phn loi theo p sut lm vic
p sut thp
p sut thng
p sut cao
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny l da vo nhit si ca cc cu t, nu nhit
si ca cc cu t qu cao th ta gim p sut lm vic gim nhit si ca
cc cu t
Phn loi theo nguyn l lm vic:
Chng ct n gin (gin on)
Phng php ny c s dng trong cc trng hp sau:
+ Khi nhit si ca cc cu t khc xa nhau.
+ Khng i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao.
+ Tch hn hp lng ra khi tp cht khng bay hi.
+ Tch s b hn hp nhiu cu t.
Chng ct hn hp hai cu t (dng thit b hot ng lin tc) l qu trnh
c thc hin lin tc, nghch dng, nhu on.
Phn loi theo phng php cp nhit y thp:
Cp nhit trc tip
Cp nhit gin tip
Phng php ct nhit y thp thng c p dng trng hp cht c tch
khng tan trong nc .

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 6
1.1.4 Cn bng lng- hi hn hp 2 cu t

em un si hn hp 2 cu t A,B, trong A l cu t d bay hi, B l cu t
kh bay hi, th trong pha lng si v pha hi bo ha u c mt 2 cu t ny v lun
tn ti mi quan h cn bng gia nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong pha lng
xA v nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong pha hi bo ha cn bng vi pha
lng y*A= f(xA) ng vi mi hn hp lng gm 2 cu t.
Vd: h etanol- nc , methanol-nc , nc axetic th u c mt hm lng
biu din quan h cn bng vi nhau. ng vi mi h, mi nng xA1, xA2,. xAi th
lun tn ti
y*
A1,
y*A2,.. y*Ai , cc s liu ny thnh lp 1 bng s liu trong hn hp ca
h chng ct.
1.1.5 ng dng qu trnh chng ct trong cng nghip
Trong cng ngh sn xut dung mi hu c: benzene, toulen, silen phc v cho
sn xut sn
Sn xut cn etylic p ng nhu cu sn xut ru, nc gii kht c cn
Chng ct tinh du t thin nhin.
Trong nhiu trng hp qu trnh chng ct l qu trnh n gin nht, kinh t
nht tch, lm sch tinh khit sn phm.
Qu trnh chng ct c mt hu ht cc qu trnh cng nghip.
1.1.6 Thit b chng ct
Trong sn xut thng s dng rt nhiu loi thp nhng chng u c mt yu
cu c bn l din tch b mt tip xc pha phi ln, iu ny ph thuc vo phn tn
ca lu cht ny vo lu cht kia . Thp chng ct rt phong ph v kch c v ng dng
cc thp ln nht thng c ng dng trong cng nghip lc ho du. Kch thc ca
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 7
thp ng knh thp v chiu cao thp tu thuc sut lng pha lng, pha kh ca thp
v tinh khit ca sn phm. Ta kho st 2 loi thp chng ct thng dng l thp
mm v thp chm.
Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to
khc nhau chia thn thp thnh nhng on bng nhau, trn mm pha lng v pha hi
c cho tip xc vi nhau. Ty theo cu to ca a, ta c:
Thp mm chp : trn mm b tr c chp dng:trn ,x bp ,ch s
Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm b tr cc l c ng knh (3-12) mm.
Thp chm (thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu on ni vi nhau bng mt bch hay
hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu nhin hay
xp th t.
* So snh u v nhc im ca cc loi thp :
Thp chm
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp mm chp
Hiu sut tng i

u im
n gin, tr lc thp
cao, hot ng kh n
Hiu sut cao hot
nh, lm vic vi cht
ng n nh
lng bn
Nhc im
Hiu sut thp, n

nh km, thit b nng
Tr lc kh cao, yu
cu lp t khc khe
Lp a tht phng
Cu to phc tp,
tr lc ln, khng
lm vic vi cht
lng bn
Nhn xt: Thp mm xuyn l l trng thi trung gian gia thp chm v thp
mm chp. Nn ta chn thp chng ct l thp mm xuyn l.
Vy: Chng ct h Etanol - Nc ta dng thp mm xuyn l hot ng lin tc
p sut thng, cp nhit gin tip y thp.
Nguyn Thanh Trc
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1.2 GII THIU S B NGUYN LIU

1.2.1 Etanol
nh ngha (cn gi l ru etylic , cn tylic hay cn thc phm)
- Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c nhm hydroxyl (OH ) lin kt
trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon no.
- Etanol hay cn c gi l ru etylic l mt ancol n chc no mch h trong phn
t cha mt nhm hydroxyl ( OH ).
Cu to ca Etanol
Cng thc phn t thu gn nht : C2H6O hoc C2H5OH
Cng thc cu to:
Tnh cht vt l
Ru etylic l mt cht lng, khng mu, trong sut, mi thm d chu v c
trng, v cay, nh hn nc (khi lng ring 0,7936 g/ml 15 C)..
Ht m, d chy, khi chy khng c khi v ngn la c mu xanh da tri.
Ancol etylic tan v hn trong nc v c nhit si cao hn nhiu so vi este
hay aldehyde tng ng l do s to thnh lin kt hydro gia cc phn t ru vi nhau
v vi nc.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 9
Etanol l mt dung mi linh hot, c th pha trn vi nc v vi cc dung mi

hu c khc nh axit axetic , axeton, benzen , cacbon tetrachlorua, cloroform , dietyl ete,
etylen glycol,
Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh cht ca mt ru n chc, no, mch h.
o Phn ng th vi kim loi kim, kim loi kim th
2C2H5OH + 2 Na 2 C2H5ONa + H2
o Phn ng este ha ( Phn ng gia ru v acid vi mi trng l acid sulfuric
c nng).
C2H5OH + CH3COOH
H2SO4 ,t
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
o Phn ng tch nc (trong mt phn t to thnh olefin, trong mi trng acid

sulfuric c 170 0C).
C2H5OH
H2SO4 , 170 C
C2H4 + H2O
o Phn ng tch nc gia 2 phn t ru

C2H5OH + C2H5OH C2H5-O-C2H5 + H2O
o Phn ng oxi ha
Trng hp 1 : Trong mi trng nhit cao
CH3-CH2-OH + CuO CH3-CHO + Cu + H2O
Trng hp 2 : c xc tc
CH3-CH2-OH + O2 CH3-COOH + H2O
Trng hp 3 : nhit chy
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Page 10
C2H5OH + 3 O2
2 CO2 + 3 H2O
o Phn ng to ra butadien-1,3 (xc tc Cu + Al2O3 ti 380-4000C).

2 C2H5OH CH2=CHCH=CH2 + 2 H2O + H2
o Phn ng ln men gim ( oxi ha ru etylic 10 bng oxi khng kh c mt
men gim nhit khong 250C).
CH3-CH2-OH + O2 CH3-COOH + H2O
iu ch
Etanol 94% "bin tnh" c bn trong cc chai l an ton s dng trong gia
nh-khng dng ung, c sn xut bng c cng nghip ha du, thng qua cng
ngh hyrat ha tylen, v theo phng php sinh hc, bng cch ln men ng hay ng
cc vi men ru.
Hyrat ha etylen
Etanol c s dng nh l nguyn liu cng nghip v thng thng n c
sn xut t cc nguyn liu du m, ch yu l thng qua phng php hyrat ha etylen
bng xc tc axt, c trnh by theo phn ng ha hc sau.
Cho etylen hp nc 3000C p sut 70-80 atm vi cht xc tc l acid
wolframic hoc acid phosphoric:
H2C=CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH
Trong cng ngh c, ln u tin c tin hnh mc cng nghip vo nm
1930 bi Union Carbide, nhng ngy nay gn nh b loi b th tylen u tin c
hyrat ha gin tip bng phn ng ca n vi axt sulfuric m c to ra etyl sulfat,
sau cht ny c thy phn to thnh tanol v ti to axt sulfuric:
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 11
H2C=CH2 + H2SO4 CH3CH2OSO3H

CH3CH2OSO3H + H2O CH3CH2OH + H2SO4
Ln men
Etanol s dng trong ung cha cn cng nh phn ln etanol s dng lm
nhin liu, c sn xut bng cch ln men: khi mt s loi men ru nht nh (quan
trng nht l Saccharomyces cerevisiae) chuyn ha ng trong iu kin khng c xy
(gi l ym kh), chng sn xut ra tanol v cacbon ixt CO2. Phn ng ha hc tng
qut c th vit nh sau:
C6H12O6 2 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2
Qu trnh nui cy men ru theo cc iu kin sn xut ru c gi l
ru. Men ru c th pht trin trong s hin din ca khong 20% ru, nhng nng
ca ru trong cc sn phm cui cng c th tng ln nh chng ct.
sn xut tanol t cc nguyn liu cha tinh bt
Tinh bt u tin phi c chuyn ha thnh ng. Trong vic men bia, theo
truyn thng n c to ra bng cch cho ht ny mm hay mch nha.
Trong qu trnh ny mm, ht to ra cc enzym c chc nng ph v tinh bt
to ra ng.
sn xut tanol lm nhin liu, qu trnh thy phn ny ca tinh bt thnh
glucoza c thc hin nhanh chng hn bng cch x l ht vi axt sulfuric long,
enzym nm amylase, hay l t hp ca c hai phng php.
V tim nng, glucoza ln men thnh tanol c th thu c t xenluloza.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 12
Vic thc hin cng ngh ny c th gip chuyn ha mt loi cc ph thi v ph phm
nng nghip cha nhiu xenluloza, chng hn li ng, rm r hay mn ca thnh cc
ngun nng lng ti sinh.
Cho n gn y th gi thnh ca cc enzym cellulas c th thy phn xenluloza
l rt cao. Hng Iogen Canada a vo vn hnh x nghip sn xut tanol trn c s
xenluloza u tin vo nm 2004.
Phn ng thy phn cellulose gm cc bc.
Bc 1 : Thy phn xenluloza thnh mantoza di tc dng ca men amylaza.
(C6H10O5)n
men amylaza
C12H22O11
Bc 2: Thy phn tip mantoza thnh glucoza hoc fructoza di tc dng ca men
mantaza.
C12H22O11
men mantaza
C6H12O6
Bc 3 : Phn ng ln men ru c xc tc l men zima.

C6H12O6
men zima
2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
ng dng
- c dng lm nguyn liu sn xut cc hp cht khc nh: ietyl ete, axit
axetic, etyl axetat,lm dung mi pha ch vecni, dc phm, nc hoa, lm nhin
liu,dng cho n cn trong phng th nghim, dng thay xng lm nhin liu cho ng
c t trong.
- iu ch cc loi ru ung ni ring v cc ung c etanol ni chung,
ngi ta ch dng sn phm ca qu trnh ln men ru cc sn phm nng nghip nh:
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 13
go, ng,sn, la mch, qu nho.Trong mt s trng hp cn phi tinh ch loi b cc

cht c hi i vi c th.
1.2.2 Nc
Cu to
Cng thc phn t thu gn nht : H2O
Cng thc cu to:
Tnh cht vt l
o L cht lng, khng mu, khng mi , khng v nhng khi nc dy s c mu
xanh nht.
o L cht duy nht m chng ta gp trn tri t trong iu kin t nhin trng thi
rn, lng, kh.
o L mt dung mi vn nng, ha tan c nhiu mui v cc cht khc, hn bt k
mt cht no khc.
o Nc hu ht n mn cc kim loi v ph hoi ngay cc thch cng nht,khi ng
bang n gin n v do bng ni trn nc pha lng.
o Khi lng phn t : 18 g / mol
o Khi lng ring : d= 1g / ml
o Nhit nng chy: 00C
o Nhit si : 1000C
o Nc l hp cht chim phn ln trn tri t (3/4 din tch tri t l nc bin)
v rt cn thit cho s sng. Nc l dung mi phn cc mnh, c kh nng ho
tan nhiu cht v l dung mi rt quan trng trong k thut ha hc
Tnh cht ha hc
o Tc dng vi kim loi : to ra dung dch bazo v kh hidro
2Na + 2H2O
2NaOH + H2

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 14
o Tc dng vi oxit baz :to dung dch baz, lm qu tm chuyn sang my xanh
CaO + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2
o Tc dng vi oxit axit : to axit tng ng, lm qu tm chuyn sang .

P2O5 + 3H2O
2H3PO4
1.2.3 Hn hp Etanol Nc
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Etanol Nc 760 mmHg.
x(%phn
mol)
y(%phn
mol)
t(oC)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
33,2 44,2 53,1 57,6 61,4 65,4 69,9 75,3 81,8 89,8
100 90,5 86,5 83,2 81,7 80,8
80
79,4
79
78,6 78,4
100
78,4
1.3 CNG NGH CHNG CT H ETANOL NC

Etanol l mt cht lng tan v hn trong H2O, nhit si l 78,3 0C
760mmHg, nhit si ca nc l 1000C 760mmHg : hi cch bit kh xa nn
phng php hiu qu thu etanol c tinh khit cao l phng php chng ct. Trong
trng hp ny, ta khng th s dng phng php c c v cc cu t u c kh nng
bay hi, v khng s dng phng php trch ly cng nh phng php hp th do phi
a vo mt khoa mi tch, c th lm cho qu trnh phc tp hn hay qu trnh tch
khng c hon ton.
o S qui trnh cng ngh chng ct h Etanol nc:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 15
Ch thch cc k hiu trong qui trnh:

1 B cha hn hp nhp liu
2
B cha cao v
Bm
Lu lng k.
Thit b truyn nhit ng chm
Thit b chng ct
Thit b ngng t ng chm
Ni un dng kettle
B cha sn phm y
10 B cha sn phm nh
11 Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh.
12 Thit b lm ngui sn phm y
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 16
o Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

Kim tra van : V1,V2,V8,V9,V12
Van m : V3,V4,V5,V6,V7,V10
Hn hp ethanol - nc c nng nhp liu ethanol 18% (theo phn khi lng),
nhit khong 28oC ti bnh cha nguyn liu c bm bm ln bn cao v . T
c a n thit b trao i nhit vi sn phm y . Sau , hn hp c gia nhit
n nhit si trong thit b un si dng nhp liu , ri c a vo thp chng ct
a nhp liu.
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn ca thp chy
xung. Trong thp, hi i t di ln gp cht lng t trn xung. y, c s tip xc
v trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung
di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t hi nc c
cp trc tip vo y thp li cun cu t d bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp,
nn khi hi i qua cc a t di ln th cu t c nhit si cao l nc s ngng t
li, cui cng trn nh thp ta thu c hn hp c cu t ethanol chim nhiu nht (c
nng 82% phn khi lng). Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t v c ngng t hon
ton. Mt phn ca cht lng ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn cng. Phn cn
li c lm ngui n 400C, ri a v bnh cha sn phm nh.
Mt phn cu t c nhit si thp c bc hi, cn li cu t c nhit si cao
trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng, y thp ta thu c hn hp lng hu ht l
cc cu t kh bay hi (nc). Hn hp lng y c nng ethanol l 2,2% phn khi
lng, cn li l nc. Dung dch lng y i ra khi thp i vo thit b trao i nhit
vi dng nhp liu, ri c a qua bn cha sn phm y.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 17
CHNG II : CN BNG VT CHT

2.1 CC THNG S BAN U
o Nng sut nhp liu : GF = 2500 (Kg/h) .
o Nng phn khi lng nhp liu : x F = 18% (pkl etanol)
o Nng phn khi lng sn phm nh : x D = 82% (pkl etanol )
o Nng phn khi lng sn phm y : x w = 2,2% (pkl etanol )
o Khi lng phn t ca ru v nc: MR =46 , MN =18 .
Cc k hiu
+ F,D,W,L : sut lng mol ca cc dng nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm
y,dng hon lu ,n v (Kmol/h ).
+ GF, GD, GW, GL: sut lng khi lng ca dng nhp liu, sn phm nh,
sn phm y, dng hon lu, n v (Kg/h)
+ xF, xD, xW, xL : nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong pha lng ca
cc dng , n v phn khi lng.
xF , xD , x
, xL : nng phn khi lng ca cu t d bay hi trong pha
lng ca cc dng, n v phn mol.

2.2 XC NH SUT LNG SN PHM NH V SN PHM Y
Gi: F l lng nhp liu ban u (phn mol)
D l lng sn phm nh (phn mol)
W l lng sn phm y (phn mol)
p dng cn bng vt cht theo sut lng khi lng, v nng phn khi lng
Ta c: {
xF
xD

Nguyn Thanh Trc
xw
Page 18
Tnh sut lng mol ca cc dng :nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y
(
)
((
Tnh nng phn mol ca cc dng : nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y
Chuyn t phn khi lng sang phn mol
MF = 46.x F (1 x F ).18 = 20,24 (Kg/Kmol).

MD = 46.x D (1 xD ).18 = 35,92 (Kg/Kmol).
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MW = 46.xW (1 xW ).18 = 18,28 (Kg/Kmol).

2.3 XC NH T S HON LU THCH HP
2.3.1 T s hon lu ti thiu
T s hon lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l
v cc . Do chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nhin liu ,nc v
bm) l ti thiu .
Vi xF= 0,08 tra th T-x,y ta c yF* = 0,415
Rmin=
x y*
y* x
D
0,64 0,415
0,67
0,415 0,08
2.3.2 T s hon lu thch hp

RX=1,3Rmin+0,3=1,17
2.4 PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC S MM L THUYT
2.4.1 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on ct
y=
R
x
1,17
0,64
.x D =
.x
0,54x 0,29
R 1
R 1
1,17 1
1,17 1
2.4.2 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng

y =
R f
f 1
1,17 8,98
8,98 1
.x
. xW =
.x
.0,01 4,68x 0,04
R 1
R 1
1,17 1
1,17 1
Vi : f =
F 123,67
8,98 : ch s nhp liu .

D 13,77
2.4.3 S mm l thuyt
th xc nh s mm l thuyt

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100
90
80
70
duong cheo
60
50
D
duong thang x= xF
40
duong thang noi diem D va I
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
T th ta c 6 mm bao gm:
3 mm ct
1 mm nhp liu
2 mm chng
Tm li , s mm l thuyt l Nlt = 6 mm .
2.5 XC NH S MM THC T - BIU CHNG CT
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh : N tt
N lt
tb
Trong :
tb : hiu sut trung bnh ca a, l mt hm s ca bay hi tng i v nht ca
hn hp lng : = f(,).
Ntt: s mm thc t.
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Nlt: s mm l thuyt.
Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb :
bay tng i ca cu t d bay hi :
y* 1 x
1 y* x
Vi : x :phn mol ca ru trong pha lng .
y* : phn mol ca ru trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng.
Ti v tr nhp liu :
xF = 0,08 ta tra th cn bng ca h T-x,y ta c : y*F = 0,415
tF = 87,2oC
+ F
y*F 1 x F
0,415 1 0,08
.
.
8,16
*
1 y F xF
1 0,415 0,08
+ T xF 18% v tF = 87,2 oC
(Tra ti liu tham kho [STHT v TBCNHC (tp 1) trang 107]: F = 0,412 (cP)
Suy ra: F .F =8,16. 0,412= 3,36
Tra ti liu tham kho [STHT v TBCNHC (tp 2) trang 171] : F = 0,37
Ti v tr mm y :
xW = 0,01 ta tra th cn bng ca h :
y*W = 0,09
tW = 97,5 oC

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+ W
y*W 1 x W
0,09 1 0,01
.
.
9,79
*
1 y W xW
1 0,09 0,01
+ T xW 2,2% v tW = 97,5 oC ,
Tra ti liu tham kho [STHT v TBCNHC (tp 1) trang 107] : W =0,294 (Cp)
Suy ra : W . W = 9,79.0,294 = 2,88
Tra ti liu tham kho [STHT v TBCNHC (tp 2) trang 171] : W = 0,38
Ti v tr mm nh :
xD = 0,64 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*D = 0,72
tD = 79,4 oC
+ D
y*D 1 x D
0,72 1 0,64
.
.
1,45
*
1 y D xD
1 0,72 0,64
+ T xD 82% v tD = 79,4 oC ,
Tra ti liu tham kho [STHT v TBCNHC (tp 1) trang 107] : D = 0,559 (cP)
Suy ra : D . D = 1,45.0,559 = 0,81
Tra ti liu tham kho [STHT v TBCNHC (tp 2) trang 171] : D = 0,51
Suy ra: hiu sut trung bnh ca thp :
tb =
F W D
3
0,37 0,38 0,51

0,42
3
Vy s mm thc t ca thp Ntt

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N tt
6
14,29(mm)
0,42
Chn s mm thc t = 15 mm
CHNG III: TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT
3.1 NG KNH THP
Dt
4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Vtb: lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).

tb: tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h).
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau,do ng
knh on chng v on ct cng khc nhau .
3.1.1 ng knh on ct
a. Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp
g tb
g d g1
(Kg/h)
2
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (Kg/h).
Xc nh gd :
gd = GD.(R+1) =494,99.(1,17+1) = 1074,13 (Kg/h)
Xc nh g1 :
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T h phng trnh
g1 G1 GD
g1. y1 G1.x1 GD .x D
g .r g .r
d d
1 1
Vi :G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra nh thp .
ra: n nhit ha hi ca ru etylic
rb: n nhit ha hi ca nc
x1= xF = 0,18 (pkl)
Tnh r1
Theo bng I.212 trang 254 S tay QTTB tp 1, ta c:
- 600C: ra1= 210 (kcal/kg)
rb1= 579 (kcal/kg)
- 1000C: ra2= 194 (kcal/kg)
rb2= 539 (kcal/kg)
Suy ra: ra= ra2 ra1= 194 210 = 16 (kcal/kg)
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Page 25
rb = rb2 rb1= 539 579 = 40 (kcal/kg)

t = t2 t1 = 100 60 = 400C
(
Theo phng php ni suy ta tnh ra, rb 87,20C:
Vy r1= ra87,2.y1+ (1 y1).rb = 199,12.y1+ (1 y1).551,80 = 551,80 352,68.y1

* Tnh rd : hi i ra nh thp nhit 79,4oC tng t nh trn:
Vy rd = ra79,4.yd+ (1 yd).rb = 202,24.0,82 + (1 0,82 ).557,60 = 266,20 kcal/kg

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Suy ra ta c h phng trnh nh sau:

g1 G1 494,99
g1 G1 494,99
g . y G .0,18 494,99.0,82
g . y 0,18G . 405,89
1 1
1
1
1 1
g
.
r
1047
,
13
.
266
,
20
g
.
r
286814
,19
1 1
1 1
r1 551,80 352,68 y1
r1 551,80 352,68 y1
Gii h ta c:
g1 816,15(kg / h)
G 321,16(kg / h)
1
r1 351,42(kcal / kg )
y1 0,57( pkl)
- Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn l:

(
b. Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy chuy
gh 0,05.
xtb
ytb
Vi : xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3) .

ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xc nh ytb

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ytb
ytb .46 1 ytb .18.273

22,4.ttb 273
+ Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =
y1 y D 0,35 0,72
=
0,54( pmol)
2
2
( Vi y1 = 0,57pkl = 0,35pmol )
+ Nhit trung bnh on ct : ttb =
t F t D 87,2 79,4
=
83,30 C
2
2
Suy ra : ytb =1,13 (Kg/m3).

Xc nh xtb
Nng phn khi lng trung bnh : xtb xF xD
0,18 0,82
0,50( pkl) 50%
2
Vi ttb=83,3 tra bng I.2 ti liu tham kho [S tay QTTB (tp 1)-trang 9], dng phng
php ni suy ta c xtb 870,86(kg / m3 )
Suy ra : gh 0,05.
870,86
1,39(m / s)
1,13
trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp

h 0,8.gh 0,8.1,39 1,11(m / s)
Vy :ng knh on ct
Dct = 0,0188.
945,14
0,5(m)
1,13.1,11

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Page 28
3.1.2 ng knh on chng

a.Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp
g , tb
g , n g ,1
(Kg/h)
2
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vo on chng (Kg/h).
Xc nh gn : gn = g1 = 816,15(Kg/h)
Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh ( S tay QTTB tp 2 trang 182) :
G '1 g '1 GW (1)
'
'
G 1 .x'1 g 1 . y W GW .x W (2)
g ' .r ' g ' .r ' g .r (3)
n
n
1 1
1 1
Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on chng.
y1' : thnh phn cu t d bay hi (ethanol) trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng trong sn
phm y: y1' = yW.
* Tnh r1 : xW =0,01 pmol tra th h cn bng ca h ta c : yW =0,09 pmol.

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i yw = 0,09 pmol ra phn khi lng:
yW
0,09.46
0,2( pkl)
0,09.46 0,91.18
Theo th ng cong si ta c sn phm y c nhit si l 97,50C, theo cc

s liu ra, rb, t, ra1, rb1 c phn tnh ton on ct ta c:
Suy ra: r1= ra97,5.y1 + ( 1 y1).rb97,5 =195.0,2 + ( 1 0,2).541,5 = 472,2 (kcal/kg)

Thay r1, g1, r1 vo (3):
g'1 .472,2 = 816,15. 360,48 g'1 623,05(kg / h)

Thay vo (1):
G'1 = 623,05+ 2005,01= 2628,05(kg/h)

Thay vo (2):
2628,05.x1 607,4.0,2 2005,01.0,022 x1 0,06 (pkl)
'

Nguyn Thanh Trc
'
Page 30
g ' 1 623,05(kg / h)
'
G 1 2628,05(kg / h)
'
r 1 472,2(kcal / kg )
x '1 0,06( pkl)
Vy lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng

Vy : gtb =
816,15 623,05
719,6 (Kg/h)
2
b. Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp:

Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy chuyn
'gh 0,05.
'xtb
' ytb
Vi: 'xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3) .
'ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m ) .
Xc nh 'ytb
' ytb
y'tb .46 1 y'tb .18.273

22,4.t 'tb 273
Vi:
+ Nng phn mol trung bnh
ytb =
y1 yW 0,35 0,09
0,22( pmol)
=
2
2

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 31
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng : ttb =
t F tW 87,2 97,5
=
92,350 C
2
2
Suy ra : ' ytb 0,81(kg / m3 )

Xc nh 'xtb :
x 'tb xF xW
0,18 0,022
0,1( pkl) 10%
2
Vi ttb = 92,350C, Tra ti liu tham kho bng I.2 trang 9 S tay QTTB tp 1, ta c khi
lng ring ca etylic v nc l:
a180 735
a1100 716
b180 972
b1100 958
n v: kg/m3
Suy ra: a a 2 a1 716 735 19 kg/m3
b b 2 b1 958 972 14 kg/m3
t = 100 80 = 200C
a

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Page 32
Bng phng php ni suy ta c:

a 92,35 a180
a
(92,35 80) 735 11,73 723,27(kg / m3 )
t
b 92,35 b180
b
(92,35 80) 972 8,65 963,35(kg / m3 )
t
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca ca lng c tnh theo cng thc ( IX.104a
trang 183 S tay QTTB tp 1)
Vi:
trung bnh.
- khi lng ring trung bnh ca cc cu t pha lng ly theo nhit
xa, xb : thnh phn khi lng trung bnh ca cc cu t
Suy ra : gh 0,05.
932,4
1,7(m / s)
0,81
trnh to bt ta chn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 33
h 0,8.gh 0,8.1,7 1,36(m / s)
Dchung 0,0188.
719,6
0,48(m)
0,81.1,36
Kt lun : hai ng knh on ct v on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu

ln nn ta chn ng knh ca ton thp l : Dt = 0,5 (m).
Khi tc lm vic thc :
0,01882.g tb 0,01882.945,14
1,18(m / s )
+ Phn ct : lv =
2
0,52.1,13
Dt . ytb
0,01882.g 'tb 0,01882.719,6
1,26(m / s )
+ Phn chng :lv =
2
0,52.0,81
Dt . ' ytb
3.2 MM L TR LC CA MM
3.2.1 Cu to mm l
Chn : + ng knh l : dl = 3 (mm).
+ Tng din tch l bng 9% din tch mm.
+ Khong cch gia hai tm l bng 2,5 ln ng knh l (b tr l theo tam gic
u ).
+ T l b dy mm v ng knh l l 6/10 .
+ Din tch dnh cho ng chy chuyn l 20% din tch mm .
S l trn 1 mm :

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 34
D
9%.Smm
N=
= 0,09. t
Slo
dl
0,5
0,09.
= 2500 l.
0,003
3.2.2 gim p ca pha kh qua mt mm

gim p tng cng ca pha kh (tnh bng mm.cht lng ) l tng cc gim
p ca pha kh qua mm kh v cc gim p do pha lng :
htl = hk + hl + hR
(mm.cht lng)
Vi : + hk : gim p qua mm kh (mm.cht lng).

+ hl : gim p do chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm (mm.cht lng).
+hR : gim p do sc cng b mt (mm.cht lng).
Trong thp mm xuyn l, gradien chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm l khng
ng k nn c th b qua .
a . gim p qua mm kh
gim p ca pha kh qua mm kh c tnh da trn c s tn tht p sut do
dng chy t thu , t m v do ma st khi pha kh chuyn ng qua l.
uo 2 G
uo 2 G
hk 2 .
51,0. C 2 . (mm.cht lng)
2
.
g
.
C
L
o
o L
Vi :
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 35
+ uo :vn tc pha hi qua l (m/s).

+ G : khi lng ring ca pha hi (Kg/m3).
+ L : khi lng ring ca pha lng (Kg/m3).
+ Co : h s orifice, ph thuc vo t s tng din tch l vi din tch mm v t s gia
b dy mm vi ng knh l.
Ta c :
lo
Smm
0,09 v
mm
dl
= 0,6 .Tra ti liu tham kho [1 trang 111] : Co = 0,74
i vi mm phn ct
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
lv
0,09
1,18
=13,11 (m/s).
0,09
+ Khi lng ring ca pha hi : G = ytb = 1,13 (Kg/m3).
+ Khi lng ring ca pha lng :
= xtb = 870,86 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra gim p qua mm kh phn ct :
13,112 1,13
.
hk 51,0.
20,77 (mm.cht lng).
2
0,74 870,86
i vi mm phn chng
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 36
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
'lv
0,09
1,26
14(m / s ).
0,09
+ Khi lng ring ca pha hi : 'G = ytb = 0,81 (Kg/m3).
+ Khi lng ring ca pha lng : ' L = xtb = 932,4 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra gim p qua mm kh phn chng :
142 0,81
.
h'k 51,0.
15,86 (mm.cht lng).
2
0,74 932,4
b. gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm

Phng php n gin c tnh gim p ca pha hi qua mm do lp cht
lng trn mm hl l t chiu cao g chy trn hw , chiu cao tnh ton ca lp cht lng
trn g chy trn hw v hiu s hiu chnh theo kinh nghim :
hl = .( hw + how ), (mm.cht lng)
Chn :
+ H s hiu chnh : = 0,6
+ Chiu cao g chy trn : hw = 50 (mm)

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 37
Chiu cao tnh ton ca lp cht lng trn g chy trn c tnh t phng trnh
Francis vi g chy trn phng
how
q
43,4. L
Lw
, (mm.cht lng)
Vi + qL : lu lng ca cht lng (m3/ph).

+ Lw :chiu di hiu dng ca g chy trn (m).
Xc nh Lw
Din tch dnh cho ng chy chuyn l 20% din tch mm , nn ta c phng trnh sau :
.n o
180o
sin n o 0,2.
Vi no : gc tm chn bi chiu di on Lw .
Dng phng php lp ta c : no = 93o1222
Suy ra : Lw = Dt . sin(no/2) = 0,363 (m).
Xc nh qL
* Phn ct : qL
R.D.M D 1,17.13,77.35,92
0,0111(m3 / ph).
60. xtb
60.870,86

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 38
0,0111
Suy ra : how 43,4.
0,363
4,24(mm).
Vy : gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn ct l:

hl = 0,6.(50+4,24) = 32,54 (mm.cht lng).
* Phn chng : q'L
G '1
2628,05
0,047(m3 / ph).
60. ' xtb 60.932,4
0,047
Suy ra : h'ow 43,4.
0,363
11,11(mm).
Vy : gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm phn chng

hl = 0,6.(50+11,11) = 36,67 (mm.cht lng)
c . gim p do sc cng b mt
gim p do sc cng b mt c xc nh theo biu thc
hR 625,54.
L .dl
, (mm.cht lng)
Vi + : sc cng b mt ca cht lng (dyn/cm).

+ L : khi lng ring ca pha lng (Kg/m3).
Phn ct
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 39
* Khi lng ring ca pha lng : L = xtb = 870,86 (Kg/m3).

* ttb = 83,3oC ,tra ti liu tham kho [S tay QTTB (tp 1)/301], ta c :
+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 61,99 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt ca ru : R = 17,003 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cng b mt ca cht lng phn ct
N . R
= 13,34(dyn/cm).
N R
Vy : gim p do sc cng b mt phn ct l
hR 625,54.
13,34
3,19 (mm.cht lng).
870,86.3
Phn chng
* Khi lng ring ca pha lng : L = xtb = 932,4 (Kg/m3).
* ttb = 92,35oC ,tra ti liu tham kho [S tay QTTB (tp 1)], ta c
+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 60,16 (dyn/cm)
+ Sc cng b mt ca ru : R = 16,19 (dyn/cm)
Suy ra :Sc cng b mt ca cht lng phn chng

Nguyn Thanh Trc
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'
' N . ' R
= 12,76(dyn/cm)
' N ' R
Vy : gim p do sc cng b mt phn chng l
h'R 625,54.
12,76
= 2,85 (mm.cht lng).
932,4.3
Tm li : gim p tng cng ca pha kh qua mt mm :

+ Phn ct : htl = 20,42+32,54+3,19 = 56,15 (mm.cht lng).
hay htl = 56,15.10-3. 9,81 . 870,86 = 479,7 (N/m2).
+ Phn chng : htl = 14,88 + 36,67 + 2,85 = 54,4 (mm.cht lng).
hay htl = 54,4.10-3 . 9,81 . 932,4 = 497,59 (N/m2).
Suy ra : Tng tr lc ca ton thp hay gim p tng cng ca ton thp l (xem
gim p tng cng ca pha kh qua mm nhp liu bng gim p tng cng ca pha
kh qua mt mm phn chng ).
htl = 8. htl + 7. htl = 8 . 479,7 +7 . 497,59 = 7320,73(N/m2).
3.2 3 Kim tra ngp lt khi thp hot ng
Chn khong cch gia hai mm l hmm =250 (mm).
B qua s to bt trong ng chy chuyn, chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng
chy chuyn ca mm xuyn l c xc nh theo biu thc :
hd = hw + how + htl + hd , (mm.cht lng)
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 41
Vi : hd : tn tht thu lc do dng lng chy t ng chy chuyn vo mm,

c xc nh theo biu thc sau :
QL
hd ' 0,128.
100.S d
, (mm.cht lng)
Trong :
+ QL : lu lng ca cht lng (m3/h).
+ Sd : tit din gia ng chy chuyn v mm, khi :
Sd = 0,8 . Smm = 0,8 . .0,2252 = 0,127 (m2)
Phn ct : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0,0111= 0,666 (m3/h).
QL
Suy ra : hd ' 0,128.
100.Sd
0,666
0,128.
0,0004 (mm.cht lng).
100.0,127
Vy : chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn ca mm xuyn l phn ct :

hd =hw+ how + htl + hd= 50+4,24+56,15+0,0004 =110,39 (mm.cht lng).
Kim tra : hd = 110,39 <
hmm 250
125 (mm) : m bo khi hot ng cc mm phn

2
2
ct s khng b ngp lt.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 42
Phn chng : QL = 60.qL = 60 . 0,0467 = 2,802 (m3/h).
QL '
Suy ra : h'd ' 0,128.
100.Sd
2,802
0,128.
= 0,006 (mm.cht lng).
100.0,127
Vy: chiu cao mc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn ca mm xuyn l phn
chng hd =50+11,06+54,4+0,006 =115,47 (mm.cht lng).
Kim tra : hd = 115,47 < hmm

2
250
125
2
(mm) : m bo khi hot ng cc
mm phn chng s khng b ngp lt.

Vy khi hot ng m bo thp s khng b ngp lt.
Chiu cao ca thn thp: Hthn =Ntt .(hmm+mm ) + 0,8 =15.(0,250+0,0018) +0,8 =4,6(m).
Chn chiu cao ca g: hg= 25mm = 0,025m.
Chn y np tiu chun c
ht
0,25 ht 0,25.Dt 0,125(m).
Dt
Chiu cao ca y v np : H = Hn =ht +hg =0,125+0,025=0,15(m).

Chiu cao ca thp : H = Hthn + H + Hn = 4,6 + 0,15+ 0,15 = 4,9 (m).
3.3 TNH TON C KH CA THP
3.3.1 B dy thn thp
V thp chng ct hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k thn hnh tr bng phng
php hn gip mi (phng php h quang ). Thn thp c ghp vi nhau bng cc mi
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 43
ghp bch. m bo cht lng ca sn phm v kh nng n mn ca etylic i vi

thit b, ta chn vt liu ch to thn thp l thp khng g m X18H10T.
p sut tnh ton
Thp lm vic p sut kh quyn, nn ta chn p sut tnh ton :
Ptt =Pcl + htl (N/mm2)
Vi: Pcl : p sut thy tnh do cht lng y (N/mm2).
Chn p sut tnh ton sao cho thp hot ng iu kin nguy him nht m vn
an ton nn :
Pcl = x .g.H =
xtb ' xtb

2
.g.H
870,86 932,4
.9,81.4,9 43340,45( N / m 2 ) .
2
Suy ra : Ptt = 43340,45+ 7320,73 = 50661,18(N/m2) ~ 0,051(N/mm2).

Nhit tnh ton
Chn nhit tnh ton : ttt = ty = 100oC .
Tra ti liu tham kho [Thit k v tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ha cht], ng sut
tiu chun i vi thp X18H10T :
[]* = 142 (N/mm2).

i vi ru h s hiu chnh : = 1
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Page 44
Vy ng sut cho php : [] = .[]* = 142 (N/mm2).

Xc nh b dy thn chu p sut trong :
Ta chn phng php ch to thn l phng php hn h quang in bng tay
nn h s bn mi hn : h = 0,9
Xt t s :
.
Ptt
142
.0,9 2505,88 25
0,051
Do b dy tnh ton ca thn c tnh theo cng thc sau :
S 't
Dt .Ptt
500.0,051
0,1(mm)
2. . h 2.142.0,9
Suy ra : b dy thc ca thn : St = St + C ,(mm).

Trong : C: h s b sung b dy, C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co
+ Ca : h s b sung do n mn ho hc, ph thuc vo tc n mn ca cht lng. Chn
tc n mn ca ru l 0,1 (mm/nm), thit b hot ng trong 20 nm, do Ca = 2
mm.
+Cb : h s b sung do bo mn c hc, chn Cb = 0.
+Cc : h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, chn Cc = 0.

+Co : h s b sung qui trn, chn Co =0,5 (mm).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 45
Suy ra : C = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0,5 = 2,5 (mm).
Vy : St = 0,1 + 2,5 = 2,6 (mm).

* Kim tra cng thc tnh ton vi St = 2,6 (mm) :
St Ca 2,6 2
= 0,0012 < 0,1 : ng.
Dt
500
* Kim tra p sut tnh ton cho php :
Ptt 2. .h .St Ca 2.142.0,9.2,6 2 0,306 Ptt : ng.

Dt St Ca
500 2,6 2
Vy: B dy thc ca thn l St = 3 (mm).
3.3.2 y v np thit b
Chn y v np c dng l ellipise tiu chun, c g bng thp X18H10T.
Nhn thy: cng thc tnh ton b dy thn, y v np chu p sut trong l nh
nhau. Nn chn b dy ca y v np l S = Sn = 3 (mm).
Cc kch thc ca y v np ellipise tiu chun, c g (ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2)]:
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 46
+ ng knh trong: Dt = 500 (mm).
+ ht =125 (mm).
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 25 (mm).

+Din tch b mt trong: Sy = 0,31 (m2 )
3.3.3 Bch ghp thn, y v np
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc b
phn khc vi thit b. Cc loi mt bch thng s dng:
+ Bch lin: l b phn ni lin vi thit b (hn, c v rn). Loi bch ny ch yu dng
thit b lm vic vi p sut thp v p sut trung bnh.
+ Bch t do: ch yu dng ni ng dn lm vic nhit cao, ni cc b bng kim
loi mu v hp kim ca chng, c bit l khi cn lm mt bch bng vt liu bn hn
thit b.
+ Bch ren: ch yu dng cho thit b lm vic p sut cao.
Chn bch c ghp thn, y v np lm bng thp X18H10T, cu to ca bch l bch
lin khng c.

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Page 47
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)- trang 417], ng vi Dt =500(mm) v p sut
tnh ton Ptt = 0,051(N/mm2) ta chn bch c cc thng s sau :
Dt
D1
Bu lng
db
(ci)
(mm)
500
630
580
550
20
M20
16
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)- trang 170], chn s mm gia hai mt bch l
4 mm.
Ta c s mt bch cn dng ghp l: 15/4 + 2 = 5,75 6 (bch).
kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt m quyt nh. m lm bng cc vt
liu mm hn so vi vt liu bch. Khi xit bu lng, m b bin dng v in y ln cc
ch g gh trn b mt ca bch. Vy m bo kn cho thit b ta chn m l dy
aming, c b dy l 3(mm).
3.3.4 ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn
Bch c lm bng thp CT3 , cu to ca bch l bch lin khng c.

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Page 48
a . V tr nhp liu
Sut lng nhp liu: GF = 2500 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca cht lng nhp liu, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
tF= 87,2 0C v xF 18% , F = 933,18 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng nhp liu i vo thp: Q F
GF
2,68 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng nhp liu (t chy t bn cao v vo mm nhp liu):

vF = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ng nhp liu: dF =
4.QF
4.2,68
0,069(m).
3600. .vF
3600. .0,2
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng nhp liu: dF = 0,07 (m).

Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)/434], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt
bch: lF = 110 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn nhp liu, ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)/409]:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 49
Dt
Dn
D1
Bu lng
h
db
(ci)
(mm)
70
130
76
160
110
14
M12
b . ng hi nh thp
Sut lng hi nh thp: gd = 1074,13 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca hi nh thp c tnh theo cng thc (xc nh
tD = 79,4 0C v yD = 0,72 ).
46. y D 1 y D .18.273
1,320 (Kg/m3).
22,4.t D 273
Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qh
gd
813,73 (m 3/h).
Chn vn tc hi nh thp: vh = 30(m/s).

ng knh ng dn hi: dh =
4.Qh
4.813,73
0,098(m).
3600. .v h
3600. .30
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn hi: dh = 0,10 (m).

Ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2)/434], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch:
lh = 120 (mm).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 50
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi nh thp
Dt
Dn
D1
Bu lng
h
db
(ci)
(mm)
100
170
108
205
148
14
M16
c.ng hon lu
Sut lng hon lu: Ghl =D.MD.R= 13,77 . 35,92 . 1,17 = 578,7 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca cht lng hon lu, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)/9]
tD = 79,4 0C v
xD
= 82% , hl = 791,17 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng hon lu: Qhl
Ghl
hl
0,73 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng hon lu (t chy t b phn tch lng ngng t vo

thp): vhl = 0,15 (m/s).
ng knh ng hon lu: dhl =
4.Qhl
3600. .vhl
4.0,73
0,041(m)
3600. .0,15
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng hon lu: dhl= 0,05 (m).

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 51
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch:
lF = 100 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hon lu:
Dt
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(ci)
(mm)
50
110
57
140
90
12
M12
d. ng dn hi vo y thp
Sut lng hi vo y thp: g1 = 623,05 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca hi vo y thp, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)/9](xc
nh : tW = 97,2oC v yW = 0,09)
hd
46. yW 1 yW .18.273
= 0,676 (Kg/m3).
22,4.tW 273
Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qhd
g '1
hd
= 921,67 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc hi vo y thp: vhd = 25 (m/s).
ng knh ng dn hi: dhd =

Nguyn Thanh Trc
4.Qhd
4.921,67
0,10 (m).
3600. .vhd
3600. .25
Page 52
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn hi: dhd = 0,10 (m).

Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch:
lhd = 120 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi vo y thp :
Dt
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(ci)
(mm)
100
170
108
205
148
14
M16
e . ng dn cht lng y thp:

Sut lng cht lng vo ni un: G1 =2628,05 (Kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca cht lng cht lng vo ni un, tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 1)]
tW = 100oC v x1=0,06: L = 938,89 (Kg/m3).
Lu lng cht lng vo ni un: QL

Nguyn Thanh Trc
G '1
= 2,8 (m3/h).
L
Page 53
Chn vn tc cht lng vo ni un (cht lng t chy vo ni un):

vL = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ng dn cht lng: dL=
4.QL
4.2,8
0,07(m).
3600. .v L
3600. .0,2
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn: dL = 0,07 (m).

Ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)/434], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch:
lL = 110 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn cht lng y thp :
Dt
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(ci)
(mm)
70
130
76
160
110
14
M12
f . ng dn cht lng t ni un (sn phm y)

Sut lng sn phm y: GW = 2005,01(Kg/h).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 54
Khi lng ring ca sn phm y, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] tW=
97,5 C v xW = 0,022 ta c: W = 932,68 (Kg/m3).
o
Lu lng sn phm y: QW
GW
= 2,15 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc sn phm y (cht lng t chy): vW = 0,12 (m/s).
ng knh ng dn sn phm y: dW=
4.QW
4.2,15
0,08(m).
3600. .vW
3600. .0,12
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn: dW = 0,08 (m).

Ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lW =
110 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn sn phm y:
Dt
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
(ci)
(mm)
80
150
89

Nguyn Thanh Trc
185
128
14
M16
Page 55
3.4.5 Tai treo v chn

Tnh trng lng ca ton thp
Khi lng ca mt bch ghp thn: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
m1 =
. D 2 Dt .h. X 18 H 10T
2
. 0,632 0,52 .0,02.7900 = 18,23(Kg).
Khi lng ca mt mm: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
m2 =
.Dt . mm .0,7. X 18 H 10T =

2
.0,52.0,0018.0,7.7900 =1,95(Kg).
4
Khi lng ca thn thp:
m3 =
.(D2ng D2t).Hthn . X18H10T = .0,5062 0,52 .4,6.7900 172,28( Kg ).

4
4
Khi lng ca y (np) thp:

m4 = Sy .y . X18H10T = 0,31 . 0,003 . 7900 = 7,347 (Kg).
Khi lng ca ton thp: m = 6.m1+15.m2+m3+2.m4
= 6.18,23 + 15.1,95 + 172,28 + 2.7,347 = 325,604(Kg).

Suy ra trng lng ca ton thp: P = m.g = 325,604.9,81= 3194,18 (N).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 56
Chn thp
Chn chn : thp c trn bn chn. Ti trng cho php trn mt chn:
Gc =
P 3194,18
0,0799.104 ( N ).
4
4
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gc = 0,1.104 (N).

Chn vt liu lm chn thp l thp CT3.
Truc thiet b
Theo ay
thiet b
Cc kch thc ca chn : (tnh bng mm)
B1

Nguyn Thanh Trc
B2
Page 57
70
60
60
90
150
105
30
14
Tai treo
Chn tai treo: tai treo c gn trn thn thp gi cho thp khi b dao ng
trong iu kin ngoi cnh. Ta chn bn tai treo, ti trng cho php trn mt tai
treo l Gt = 0,0799.104 (N).
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gt = 0,1.104 (N).
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3
Chn tm lt tai treo khi ghp vo thn c kch thc sau:
+ Chiu di tm lt: H = 260 (mm).
+ Chiu rng tm lt: B = 140 (mm).
+B dy tm lt l 6 (mm).

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 58
Cc kch thc ca tai treo: (tnh bng mm)
B1
80
55
75
125
30
15
14
ng chy truyn
ng chy truyn c th c tit din l hnh vin hay hnh trn v thng chim t
10-15% tit din thp v li 70-80% tit din thp cho cc qu trnh tip xc gia 2
pha.
ng knh ng chy truyn
( )
Trong :
Gx: lu lng lng trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h)
Khi lng ring ca lng (kg/m3)
z: S ng chy truyn, chn = 1.
: tc cht lng trong ng chy truyn, thng ly
Nguyn Thanh Trc
( )
Page 59
Tm Gx
Lng lng a th nht on ct: G1= 321,16 (kg/h).
Lng lng a th nht on chng: G1= 2628,05 (kg/h).
Gx
G1 G1
'
1474,61(kg / h).
933,18 (kg/m3).
(
Chn
Vy:
( )
Khong cch t a n chn ng chy truyn

S1= 0,25.dc= 0,25.60 = 15 (mm).
Chn S1= 15 (mm).
Chiu cao ng chy truyn trn a
hc= (h1 + S) h
Trong :
h1= 1540 mm
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 60
S = 025 mm
h : Chiu cao mc cht lng bn trn ng chy truyn.
2
V
.
h
3600.1,85 .d c
V: Th tch cht lng chy qua, m3/h.
Gx
1474,61
1,58(m3 ).
933,18
1,58
h 3
0,0117(m) 11,7(mm).
3600.1,85 .0,06
Vy hc= (40 + 10) 11,7 = 38,3 (mm). Chn hc = 38 (mm).

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 61
CHNG IV: TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT- THIT B PH

4.1 CN BNG NNG LNG
Mc ch ca vic tnh ton cn bng nhit lng l xc nh lng hi t
cn thit khi un nng hn hp u, un bc hi y thp cng nh xc nh lng
nc lnh cn thit cho qu trnh ngng t lm lnh.
Chn nc lm cht ti nhit v n l ngun nguyn liu r tin, ph bin trong
thin nhin v c kh nng p ng yu cu cng ngh.
4.1.1 Cn bng nhit lng thit b un nng hn hp u
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ca thit b un nng hn hp u
QD1 + Qf = QF + QF + Qm (*)
Trong :
QD1 - Nhit lng hi nc cung cp un si hn hp u, J/h.
Qf - Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo thit b un si, J/h.
QF - Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra khi thit b un si, J/h.
Qy : Nhit lng do hi mang ra khi thp chng ct J/h.
QR : nhit lng do lng hi lu mang vo thp J/h.
Qh : nhit lng do hi mang ra khi thit b ngng th hi t J/h.
Qm : Nhit lng do tn tht vo mi trng xung quanh, J/h.
QD2 : Nhit lng do hi t un si y thp mang vo. J/h.
Nhit lng do hi t mang vo
QD1
= D1 . r1 (J/h) (cng thc IX.150 trang 196 STQTTB tp 2 )

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 62
Trong : D1 - lng hi t cn thit un si hn hp ban u, kg/h

r1 - n nhit ha hi ca hi nc J/kg
V nhit si ca hn hp u l 87,20C nn ta chn nhit l 1330C tng
ng vi p sut 3at (Bng I.97 trang 230 STQTTB tp 1 ).
Theo gin xc nh nhit ha hi trang 255 STQTTB tp 2 ta c nhit ha hi
ca nc 1330C l r1 = 517,55Kcal/kg = 2166,88 KJ/kg.
Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo thit b un si hn hp u
Qf = F . Cf . tf (J/h) (Cng thc .151 STQTB tp 2 )
Trong : F - lng hn hp u, kg/h, F= 2500kg/h.
tf - nhit ca hn hp u, ta chn tf = 270C.
Cf - nhit dung ca hn hp u , J/kg .
Ta c: Cf = CA .af + CB.(1-af)
Vi nng hn hp u af =0,18 phn khi lng
CA, CB: nhit dung ring ca etylic, v nc 270C.
CA = 2560,5 (J/kg.)
CB = 4,1868.103(J/kg.)
=> Cf = CA .af + CB.(1-af)= 2560,5.0,18+4,1868.103.(1 - 0,18)= 3894,066(J/ kg.)
Qf
= 2500. 3894,066 .27 = 262849455 (J/h) = 262849,455 ( KJ/h )
Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra:

QF = F . t F . C F
Nguyn Thanh Trc
(J /h) ( cng thc I.152 STQTB tp 2 )
Page 63
Trong :
tF - nhit ca hn hp ra khi thit b un nng, tF = 87,20C
CF - nhit dung ring ca hn hp u khi ra khi thit b un nng
CA = 3328 (J/kg.)
CB = 4604,6 (J/kg.)
Nng hn hp u: af = aF = 18%
=> CF = CA .af + CB.(1 - af)= 3328.0,18 +4604,6 (1- 0,18)= 4374,81 (J/kg.)
QF = 2500. 4374,81. 87,2 = 953708,58.103 ( J /h)
Nhit lng tn hao ra mi trng xung quanh Qm
Qm = 0,05.QD1
Thay vo (*) ta c
QD1 + Qf = QF + 0,05. QD1
Q D1
QF Q f
0,95
727220,13.103 ( J / h)
Q m 0,05.QD1 36361,01.103 ( J / h)
Lng hi t cn dng un si hn hp u
Q D1 D1 .r1 D1
QD1 727220,13.103
335,6(kg / h)
r1
2166,88.103
4.1.2 Cn bng nhit lng ca thp chng luyn

Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thp chng luyn:
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 64
Q F QD 2 QR Qh QW Qm (**)
Lng nhit do lng lng hi lu mang vo thp QR
QR CR .GD .R.t R , J / h
R=1,17
GD= 494,99 (kg/h).
tR= nhit lng hi lu= 79,40C
CR: nhit dung ring ca lng hi lu
CR x D .CA (1 x D ).CB
Vi CA, CB: nhit dung ring ca etylic v nc 79,40C. Dng phuong php ni
suy ta tra c:
CA= 3212,5 J/kg.
CB= 4605,48 J/kg.
Suy ra : CR= 3463,24 J/kg.
Vy: Q R 3463,24.494,99.1,17.79,4 159252,18.103 ( J / h)
Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra QW
QW GW .CW .tW , ( J / h)
Ta c:
GW = 2005,01 kg/h
CW : nhit dung ring ca sn phm y
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 65
tW = 97,50C
Dng phng php ni suy ta tra c nhit dung ring ca nc 97,50C:
CB = 4605,26 J/kg.
Do sn phm y c nng etylic l xW = 0,022<0,2 nn nhit dung ring ca
sn phm y c tnh theo cng thc (I.43/152- S tay QTTB1):
CW CB .(1 xW ) 4605,26.(1 0,022) 4503,94( J / kg.o)
Vy nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra l :

QW 2005,01.4503,94.97,5 880468,34.103 ( J / h)
Nhit lng do hi mang ra khi thp chng Qy:

Qy GD .(1 R). , ( J / h)
Vi: : nhit lng ring ca hi nh thp, c tnh:
A .a A .B .(1 a A )
Vi: A,B : nhit lng rieng ca etylic v nc nh thp
aA = xD =0,82 pkl
Nhit dung ring mt cu t c tnh theo cng thc:
r C.t
Vi: r: n nhit ha hi ca cu t , J/kg

C: nhit dung ring ca cu t t = tD =79,40C.
Dng phng php ni suy, ta c: CA= 3212,5 J/kg.
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Page 66
CB = 4606,48 J/kg.
(rA C A .t D ) (rB CB.t D ).(1 a A )
r [C A .a A CB .(1 a A )].t D
Vi r = rA.aA+ rB. (1aA) l n nhit ha hi ca hn hp tnh phn ng knh

on luyn.
r 267,02kcal / kg 1117,96.103 J / kg
1117,96.103 [3212,5.0,82 4605,48.0,18].79,4 1389,51.103 ( J / kg)
Vy nhit lng do hi mang ra khi nh thp l:

Q y 494,99.(1 1,17).1389,51.103 1492512,01.103 ( J / h)
Nhit lng do hi t mang vo un si hn hp y thp QD2:

Nhit lng tn hao Qm= 0,05.QD2, thay vo (**), ta c:
QD 2
(Qy QW ) (QF QR )
0,95
(1492512,01.103 880468,34.103 ) (953708,58.103 159252,18.103 )
0,95
1326336,41.103 ( J / h)
Do lng hi t s dng l:
D2
QD 2 1326336,41.103
612,09(kg / h)
r1
2166,88.103
Lng nhit tn hao:

Qm 0,05.QD 2 0,05.1326336,41.103 66316,82( J / h)
4.1.3 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t hi lu

Ta dng thit b trao i nhit ng chm ngng t hon ton sn phm nh
Nguyn Thanh Trc
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P.(R+1).r =Gn1.Cn(t2-t1)
Vi :
P: Lng sn phm nh = GD = 494,99 (kg/h)
R : Ch s hi lu, R = 1,17
Gn1:Lng nc cn dng cho thit b ngng t hi lu
t1 , t2:Nhit ca nc i vo v i ra khi thit b ngng t hi lu, chn t1= 300C,
t2=450C
Nhit
trung bnh trong thit b ngng t hi lu t tb
t1 t 2 30 45
37,5 0 C
2
2
Cn : Nhit dung ring ca nc nhit trung bnh 37,50C , theo bng tra I.147 [S tay
1-165] th Cn = 0,998625 kcal/kg. = 4181,043 J/kg..
r = rd 266,20kcal / kg 1114,53.103 J / kg
Vy lng nc lnh cn dng cho thit b hi lu l
P.( R 1).r
494,99.(1,17 1).1114,53.103
Gn1
19088,51(kg / h)
Cn .(t2 t1 )
4181,043.(45 30)
4.1.4 Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm lnh

Dng thit b trao i nhit ng chm
P.CP.(t1-t2)=Gn2.Cn(t2-t1)
[S tay 2-IX.167/198]
Gn2: Lng nc lnh dng cho thit b (kg/h)

t1, t2 : Nhit u v cui ca sn phm nh i qua thit b lm lnh
Chn t1= 79,40C, t2=300C t 'tb
t '1 t '2 79,4 30
54,7 0 C
2
2
t1, t2:Nhit ca nc i vo v i ra khi thit b lm lnh, chn t1=250C, t2=450C

Nguyn Thanh Trc
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Nhit
trung bnh ca nc trong thit b ngng t hi lu ttb
t1 t 2 25 45
350 C
2
2
Cn : Nhit dung ring ca nc nhit 350C, Cn = 4180,89 J/kg..

CP: Nhit dung ring ca sn phm nh ngng t ttb
79,4 35
57,20 C
2
Dng phng php ni suy, ta c: CP=3159,18 J/kg.

Lng
nc lnh dng cho thit b:

Gn 2
P.CP (t '1 t '2 ) 494,99.3159,18.(79,4 30)
923,84(kg / h)
Cn .(t 2 t1 )
4180,89.(45 25)
4.2 CC THIT B TRUYN NHIT

4.2.1 Thit b ngng t sn phm nh
Chn thit b ngng t v ng loi thng hng t nm ngang.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, chiu di ng l L = 1,5 (m),
dtr = 0,032m, dng = 0,038m.
Chn nc lm lnh i trong ng vi nhit u: t1 = 28oC, nhit cui: t2 = 40oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra STQT & TB TP 1 ,ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
=34oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 69
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).

a . Sut lng nc cn dng ngng t sn phm nh
GN =
Qnt
879211,642
= 4,868 (Kg/s).
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600.4.181.( 40 28)
rD = x.rR + (1 - x).rN = 266,20kcal / kg 1114526,16( J / kg )

Qnt = GD.(R+1). rD
Vy GN =
494.99 . (1+ 1.17 ). 1114,5216 = 1197144.09 (KJ/ kg )
Qnt
1197144.09
6,628 (Kg/s).
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600.4.181.( 40 28)
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit
Ftb =
Qnt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.2).
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
t log
(79,4 28) (79,4 40)

o
45,134 ( K).
79,4 28
Ln
79.4 40
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc

Nguyn Thanh Trc
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1
1
rt
(W/m2.oK)
(IV.3).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng (W/m2.oK).

+ R : h s cp nhit ca hi ngng t (W/m2.oK).
+ rt : nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu.
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng
Chn vn tc nc i trong ng: vN = 0,6 (m/s).
S ng trong mt ng nc
n
GN
N .d tr .v N
2
6,628
4
.
13,81 (ng).
994,4 .0,0322.0,6
Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N
0,6.0,023.994,4
18617,18 > 104 : ch chy ri,
3
0,7371.10
Cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:

Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw
Trong :
+ l: h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi ng knh
ng: ReN=21247,86 v
L
1,5
50 ,nn l =1.
d tr 0,023
+ PrN: chun s Prandlt ca nc 34oC, nn PrN = 5.

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+ Prw: chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.

Suy ra: Nu N
163,474
0 , 25
Prw
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

N =
Nu N . N 163,474.0,6242 4436,542
0, 25
0, 25
d tr
PrN .0,023
PrN
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
4436,542
PrN
0 , 25
(t w 2 34) (W/m2)
(IV.4).
Vi tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng).

* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu
qt
t w1 t w 2
rt
(W/m2).
Trong :
+ tw1: nhit ca vch tip xc vi ru (ngoi ng).
+ rt
t
rc
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2 (mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 16,3 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong n vi nc sch rc= 1/5000m2 (K/W)
Suy ra: rt = 263/815000 = 3,2269. 10-4 (m2.oK/W).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 72
Vy: qt = 3098,85 (tw1-tw2)
(IV.5)
* H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t:
rR . R . R
A
R 0,725.4
R .(t D t w1 ).d ng (79,4 t w1 ) 0, 25

3
rR .R . R
R .d ng
3
t: A= 0,725.4
vi [rR]=[J/kg].
n nhit ngng t: rR = rD = 1114,52616 (KJ/kg).

Nhit ti ngoi thnh ng:
qR = R.(78,5-tw1) = A.(79,4-tw1)0,75
(IV.6)
T (IV.4), (IV.5), (IV.6) ta dng phng php lp xc nh tw1, tw2

Chn: tw1 = 53,7oC
Cc tnh cht l hc ca ru ngng t c tra STQT&TB (tp 1) ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbD = 66,55oC
+ Khi lng ring: R = 747,77 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: R = 0,53991.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: R = 0,1641 (W/moK).
Khi : A = 2687,84
T (IV.6): qR =2687,84.(79,4-53,7)0,75 = 30679,85 (W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qR 75 = 30679,85 (W/m2).

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 73
T (IV.5), ta c: tw2 = tw1-
qt
=43,79oC
3098,85
t w1 t w 2 53,7 43,79
o
=
48,745 C
2
2
Suy ra: ttbw =
Tra STQT&TB (tp 1) Prw = 3,672

4436,542
2
.( 43,79 34) 31376,3 (W/m ).
0 , 25
3,672
T (IV.4): qN =
Kim tra sai s:
=
qN q R
qR
31376,3 30679,95
30679,95
=2,2% < 5% : tho.
Vy: tw1 = 53,7oC v tw2 = 43,79oC.

Khi : N
4436,542
2o
3204,93 (W/m . C).
0 , 25
3,672
2687,84
2o
1193,77 (W/m . C).
0, 25
(79,4 53,7)
T (IV.3): K
1
2 o
679,16 (W/m . C).
1
263
1
3204,93 815000 1193,77
T (IV.2), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:

Ftb
1197144,09.1000
= 10,85 (m2).
3600.679,16.45,134
S ng truyn nhit cn dng l:

n
F
10,85
71,95 (ng )
.D.L 3,14.0,032.1,5

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 74
Chn 91 ng
Kim tra h s cp nhit ca ru khi c k n s nh hng ca s sp xp, b tr
ng.Chn cch sp xp thng hng, b tr theo hnh lc gic u, vy vi 91ng ta xp
c 11 hng.
S ng trung bnh trong 1 hng: 91/11= 9 ng.
Vy n = 91 ng, L= 1,5 , ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic b= 11 ng.
Chn bc ngang gia hai ng: t = 1,4.dng = 1,4.0,038 =0,0532 (m)
Vy ng knh ng l : D T (b 1) 4d 0,0532.(11 1) 4.0,038 0,684(m)
4.2.2 Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh
Chn thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng, ng
truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong: 17x1,6 ; kch thc
ng ngoi: 27x2,5.
Chn: + Nc lm lnh i trong ng 17x1,6 (ng trong) vi nhit u: t1 = 280C,
nhit cui: t2 = 400C.
+ Sn phm nh i trong ng 27x2,5 (ng ngoi) vi nhit u:tD = 79,40C nhit
cui: tD = 350C.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng
vi nhit trung bnh tTBN =
t1 t 2
0
34 C
2
+ Nhit dung ring: CN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 75
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).

Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbD =
t D t ' D 79,4 35
o
57,2 C:
2
2
+ Nhit dung ring: CD= 3159,02 (J/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: D = 797,58 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: D = 0,5979.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: D = 0,2533 (W/mol 0K).
a . Sut lng nc cn dng lm mt sn phm nh:
Sut lng sn phm nh
GD = D.MD = 13,77.35,92 = 494,62(Kg/h) = 0,137 (Kg/s).
Lng nhit cn ti
QD = GD.cD.(tD-tD) = 0,137. 3159,02.(79,4-35) =19,22(KJ/s).
Sut lng nc cn dng:
GN =
QD
19,22
= 0,383 (Kg/s).
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4.181.( 40 28)
b. Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
(m2)
(IV.7).

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 76

Xc nh tlog
t log
(79,4 40) (35 28)

o
18,75 ( K).
79,4 40
Ln
35 28
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc
K
1
1
rt
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.8).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh (W/m2.oK).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh ng ngoi
Vn tc ca sn phm nh i trong ng ngoi:
vD
GD
4
0,137
4
.
1,121(m/s).
2
2
.( D tr d ng ). 797,58 .(0,022 0,0172 )
2
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,022- 0,017 = 0,005(m).

Chun s Reynolds
Re D
v D. d td . D
1,121.0,005.797,59
7476,89 > 2320 : ch qu ,
0,5979.103
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 77
Nu D C. l . PrD
0 , 43
.(
PrD 0, 25
)
Prw1
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc t l chiu di ng vi ng knh ng,
chn l =1.
+ C: h s ph thuc vo chun s Reynolds, ReD = 7476,89 nn
C = 25,04
+ PrD: chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh 56,75oC, nn
D .c D 0,5979.103.3159,02
= 7,46.
PrD
D
0,2533
+ Prw1: chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh nhit trung bnh ca

vch.
Suy ra: Nu D
98,19
Prw1
0 , 25
H s cp nhit ca sn phm nh trong ng ngoi:

D =
Nu D .D 98,19.0,2533 4974,31
0, 25
0, 25
d td
Prw1 .0,005 Prw1
Nhit ti pha sn phm nh:

q D D .(t tbD t w1 )
4974,31
Prw1
0 , 25
(57,2 t w1 ) (W/m2) (IV.9).
Vi tw1: nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm nh (ngoi ng nh).

* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 78
qt
t w1 t w 2
(W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ tw2: nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng nh).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 1,6 (mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 16,3 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm nh: r2 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 203/407500 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 2007,39.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.10).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng nh:

Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vN
GN
4
0,383
4
.
2,58 (m/s).
2
.d tr 994,4 .0,01382
Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N
2,58.0,0138.994,4
48386,79 > 104: ch chy ri,
3
0,7371.10
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 79
Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng:ReN = 48386,79 . Chn l =1.
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 34oC, nn PrN = 5.
+ Prw2 : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Suy ra: Nu N
350,9
0 , 25
Prw2
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

N =
Nu N . N
350,9.0,6242 12876,1
0, 25
0, 25
d tr
Prw2 .0,0138 Prw2
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

q N N .(t w2 t tbN )
12876,1
Prw 2
0 , 25
(t w2 34) (W/m2)
(IV.11).
Chn: tw1 = 42,65oC :

Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp
1)] ng vi nhit tw1=42,65oC:
+ Nhit dung ring: cR= 2841,64 (J/kg.).
+ nht ng lc: R = 0,9049.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: R = 0,1966 (W/moK).

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Page 80
Khi xem:Prw1 ~
T (IV.9): qD =
R .c R 0,9049.103.2841,64
13,081
R
0,1966
4974,31
2
.(57,2 42,65) 38057,82 (W/m ).
0 , 25
13,081
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qD =38057,82 (W/m2).

T (IV.10), ta c: tw2 = tw1-
Suy ra: ttbw =
qt
=39,89oC
2007,39
t w1 t w 2 42,65 39,89
o
41,27 C
=
2
2
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], Prw2 = 13,41

T (IV.11): qN =
12876,1
2
.(39,89 34) 39631,67 (W/m ).
0 , 25
13,41
Kim tra sai s:

=
qN q D
qD
39631,67 38057,82
38057,82
=4,1% < 5% : tho.
Vy: tw1 = 42,65oC v tw2 = 39,89oC.

Khi : N
12876,1
2o
6728,64 (W/m . C).
13,410, 25
T (IV.8): K
4974,31
2o
2615,66 (W/m . C).
0 , 25
13,08
1
2 o
971,73 (W/m . C).
1
1
203
6728,64 2615,66 407500
T (IV.7), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 81
Ftb
19,22.1000
= 1,05 (m2).
971,73.18,75
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :

L
1,05
21,8 (m).
0,017 0,0138
.
2
Chn: L = 20(m)
Kim tra:
L
20
1449,3 50 th l = 1: tho.
d tr 0,0138
Vy: Thit b lm mt sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi chiu

di ng truyn nhit L = 20(m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 2 (m).
4.2.3 Ni un gia nhit sn phm y
Chn ni un gia nhit sn phm y l ni un Kettle, ng truyn nhit c lm
bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 27x2.
Chn hi t l hi nc 2 at, i trong ng 27x2. Tra ti liu tham kho
[ST(tp1)/314], ta c:
+ Nhit si: tsN = 119,6oC.
+ n nhit ngng t: rN = 2208 (KJ/kg).
Sn phm y trc khi vo ni un c nhit l t1 = 95,2 0C (do x1 = 0,06pkl =
0,024pmol ), nhit ra l tW = 97,5 0C.
Sut lng hi nc cn dng GhN:
Cn bng nhit lng cho ton thp:
Q GF hFS ( R 1)GD RD GD hDS GW hWS Qm

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 82
Gi s: Qm 0,05.Q
0,95Q ( R 1).GD rD GD (hDS hFS ) GW (hWS hFS )
hFS cF .t FS 4374,81.87,2 381483,43( J / kg)
hWS cW .tWS 4503,94.97,5 439134,15( J / kg)

hDS cD .t DS 3463,42.79,4 274995,55( J / kg)
rD 266,20kcal / kg 1114,53.103 J / kg
Q
( R 1).GD rD GD (hDS hFS ) GW (hWS hFS )

0,95
(1,17 1).494,99.1114,53.103 494,99(274995,55 381483,43) 2005,01(439134,15 381483,43)

0,95
1326345314( J / h) 368,43(kW )
Nu dng hi nc bo ha ( khng cha m) cp nhit th Q = GhN.rN

Vi GhN l sut lng hi nc cn dng.
GhN
Q 368,43
0,169(kg / s)
rN
2208
Xc nh b mt truyn nhit:
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Q
K .tlog
(m2)


Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 83
Xc nh tlog :
t log
(119,6 99) (119,6 100)

o
20,096 ( C).
119,6 99
Ln
119,6 100
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K
1
1
rt
,(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y (W/m2.oK).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc:
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
rN
N = 0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
0, 25
2208.1000
0,725. A.
(
119
,
6
t
).
0
,
021
w1
0 , 25
73,415. A
(119,6 t w1 ) 0, 25
Vi: + tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc (trong ng).

+ A : h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt l nc theo nhit , c tra ti liu tham
kho [V d v bi tp (tp 10)].
Nhit ti pha hi:

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 84
q N N .(t sN t w1 ) 73,415. A.(119,6 t w1 ) 0,75 (W/m ) (1)

2
* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:

qt
t w1 t w 2
(W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ tw2: nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (ngoi ng).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2 (mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 (W/m0K).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: r1 = 1/5000 (m2.0K/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm y: r2 =1/500(m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.0K/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(2)
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y c xc nh theo cng thc (ch si si bt v
xem sn phm y nh l nc):
D =
4186,8
.39.p0,5.(tw2 100)2,33
3600
Vi p: p sut t nhit si ca sn phm y, khi :

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 85
p = 1 at = 105 (N/m2).
Suy ra: D = 14343,143(tw2 100)2,33
Nhit ti pha sn phm y:
qD D .(t w2 100) 14343,143(t w2 100) 3,33 (W/m )
2
(3).
Chn: tw1 = 116,6550C

Khi , nhit trung bnh =
119,6 116,655
= 118,1280C ta tra c
2
A = 187,1574
T (1): qN =73,415.187,1574.(119,6-116,655)0,75
= 30889,133(W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qN =30889,133 (W/m2).
T (2), ta c: tw2 = tw1
qt
=100,769oC
1944,444
T (3), ta c : qD =14343,143.(100,769-100)3,33=31708,196(W/m2).
Kim tra sai s:
=
qN q D
qD
30889,133 31708,196
=2,58% < 5% : tho
31708,196
Vy: tw1 = 116,6550C v tw2 = 100,7690C.

Khi :
N
73,415.187,1574
20
10488,670 (W/m . C).
(119,6 116,655) 0, 25

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 86
D 14343,143.(100,769 100) 3,33 24986,758 (W/m2.0C).

1
20
1539,295 (W/m . C).
1
1
1
10488,670 1944,444 24986,758
B mt truyn nhit trung bnh:

Ftb
368,43.1000
11,91(m 2 )
1539,295.20,096
Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 91 (ng).

Chiu di ng truyn nhit:
L
11,91
1,7(m)
0,027 0,023
.91.
2
Chn: L = 2(m).
Vy: Ni un gia nhit sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit v - ng vi s ng n = 91,
chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 2(m).
ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta c s ng trn ng cho hnh lc
gic: b = 11(ng). Chn bc ngang gia hai ng: t = 1,4.dng = 1,4.0,027 = 0,0378 (m).
ng knh v thit b: Dv = t.(b-1)+4.dng = 0,0378(11-1)+4.0,027= 0,5 (m).
4.3 TNH TON BM NHP LIU
4.3.1 Tnh chiu cao bn cao v
Chn ng knh ng dn nguyn liu (nhp liu): d = 50 (mm), nhm ca ng
=0,1(mm).

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 87
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbF =
t F t ' F 87,2 28
57,60 C
2
2
+ Khi lng ring: F = 943,03 (Kg/m3).

+ nht ng lc: F = 0,51.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc ca dng nhp liu trong ng dn:
vF =
GF
4
2500
4
.
.
0,3(m / s)
2
3600. F .d
3600.943,03 .0,052
Tn tht ng ng dn
l1
vF 2
h1 1 . 1 .
d1
2.g
(m).
Vi:
+ 1 : h s ma st trong ng ng.
+ l1 : chiu di ng ng dn, chn l1 = 20(m).
+ d1 : ng knh ng dn, d1 = d = 0,05(m).
+ 1 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
+ vF : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, vF = 0,3(m/s).
* Xc nh 1 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
Re1
vF .d1. F
0,3.0,05.943,03
27736,17
0,51.103

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 88
Theo ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)], ta c:

8
50 7
d1 7
6
.
6
.
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh1= = = 7289,343

0,1
+ Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm:

9
50 8
d 8
Ren1= 220. 1 = 220. = 23,9.104

0,1
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)]):
100
1= 0,1.1,46.
d1 Re1
0 , 25
0,1
100
0,1.1,46.
50 27736,17
0 , 25
0,03
* Xc nh 1:
Tra ti liu tham kho [ V d v bi tp (tp 10)/407]- h s tn tht ca dng nhp liu
qua:
+ 1 ch un cong: u1=1.1,1 = 1,1.
+ 1 ln t thu: t1 = 0,5.
+ 1 ln t m: m1 = 1.
+ 1 lu lng k: l1 = 0 (khng ng k).
Suy ra: 1 = u1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 2,6.
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn: h1= 0,03.
20
0,32
2,6 .
0,07(m)
0,05
2.9,81
Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 89

v 2
l
h2 2 . 2 2 . 2
d2
2.g
(m).
Vi:
+ l2 : chiu di ng ng dn, l2 = 18(m).
+ d2 : ng knh ng dn, d2 = 0,023(m).
+ v2 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn.
v2
GF
4
2500
4
.
.
1,68(m / s)
2
3600. F .d
3600.994,4 .0,0232
* Xc nh 2 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu:
Re 2
v2 .d 2 . N
1,68.0,023.994,4
52135,16 .
0,737.103
Theo ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)/379], ta c:

8
23 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh2= 6. 2 = 6. =3001.

0,1
+ Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm

9
23 8
d 8
Ren2= 220. 2 = 220. =99854,24.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Re2 < Ren2: khu vc chy ri, khi ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)/380]:
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 90

100
2= 0,1.1,46.
d 2 Re 2
0 , 25
0,1
100
0,1.1,46.
23 52135,16
0 , 25
0,03
* Xc nh 2:
Tra ti liu tham kho [ V d v bi tp (tp 10)/407]: h s tn tht ca dng nhp liu
qua:
+ 3 ch un cong: u2= 1,1.3 = 3,3
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0,385.
2
0,0232
0,62 .
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 = 1
0,052
Suy ra: 2 = u2 + c2+ m 2 = 3,3 + 0,385 + 0,62 = 4,3

Vy: Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:
18
1,682
h2= 0,03.
4,3.
3,9(m)
0,023
2.9,81
Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit nhp liu:
v2
l
h3 3 . 3 3 . 3
d3
2.g
(m).
Vi:
+ l3 : chiu di ng ng dn, l3 = 15(m).
+ d3 : ng knh ng dn, d3 = 0,023(m).
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 91
+ v3 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, nhit trung bnh :
ttb
71,03 87,2
79,120 C
2
Vi:
F 919,27(kg / m3 )
F 0,4.103 ( Ns / m 2 )
v3
2500
4
.
1,82(m / s )
3600.919,27 .0,0232
* Xc nh 3 :
Re 3
1,82.0,023.919,27
96201,61
0,4.103
Theo ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)], ta c:

8
23 7
d3 7
6
.
6
.
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh3= = =3001.

0,1

9
23
d 8
Ren3= 220. 3 = 220.

0,1
99854,24
Suy ra: Regh3 < Re3 < Ren3: khu vc chy ri, khi ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)/380]:
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 92

100
3= 0,1.1,46.
d 3 Re 3
0 , 25
0,03
* Xc nh 3:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
+ 3 ch un cong: u3= 3.1,1= 3,3
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0,385.
2
0,0232
0,62 .
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 = 1
2
0
,
05
Suy ra: 3 = 3,3 + 0,385 + 0,62 = 4,3

Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit:
h3= 0,03.
15
1,822
4,3 .
4,03(m)
0,023
2.9,81
Chn :
+ Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt ct ti v tr nhp liu thp.
p dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2. g
2. g
P2 P1 v 2 v1
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
2
hay z1 = z2 +

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 93
Vi:
+ z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao bn cao v, Hcv =
z1 .
+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao t v tr nhp liu
ti mt t:
z2 = hchn + hnp + (Nchng+1) .(h + mm )
= 0,105 + 0,15 + 8.(0,25 + 0,0018) = 2,27 (m).
+ P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at.
+ v1 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1), xem v1 = 0(m/s).
+ v1 : vn tc ti v tr nhp liu, v1 = vF = 0,3 (m/s).
+ hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2):
hf1-2 = 8 (m).
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v:
0,3 0
P P v v1
Hcv = z2 + 2 1 2
+hf1-2=2,27 +
+ 8 = 10(m).
2.9,81
F .g
2.g
2
Chn Hcv = 10(m).

4.3.2 Chn bm
Lu lng nhp liu: VF =
GF

Nguyn Thanh Trc
2500
3
2,65 (m /h).
943,03
Page 94
Chn bm c nng sut l Qb = 1,2 (m3/h).ng knh ng ht, ng y bng nhau v

bng 21(mm),ngha l chn ng 27x3.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng vi
nhit trung bnh tF = 28 oC:
+ Khi lng ring: F = 949 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0,88.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng ht v y:
vh = vd =
4.Qb
4.1,2
0,96(m / s)
2
3600. ,0,0212
3600. .d h
Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:
hhd = .
v 2
lh ld
h d . h
dh
2.g
Vi:
+ lh : chiu di ng ht, chn lh = 1,5 (m).
+ ld : chiu di ng y, chn ld = 11,5 (m).
+ h : tng tn tht cc b trong ng ht.
+ d : tng tn tht cc b trong ng y.
+ : h s ma st trong ng ht v ng y.
* Xc nh :
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 95
Re=
vh .d h . F
0,96.0,021.949
21740,73 .
0,88.103
Theo ti liu tham kho [ST (tp 1)/379], ta c:

8
21
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh= 6. h = 6.

0,1
2704,68

9
21 8
d 8
Ren= 220. h = 220. =90140,38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh < Re < Ren: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham kho [ST (tp
1)/380]):
100
= 0,1.1,46.
d h Re
0 , 25
0,03
* Xc nh h:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng ht qua:
+ 1 van cu: vh= 10.
+ 1 ln vo ming thu nh: t = 0,5.
Suy ra: h = vh + t =10,5.
* Xc nh d:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng y qua:
+ 1 van cu: vd= 10.
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 96
+ 2 ln un gc: u =2.1,1 = 2,2.

Suy ra: h = vd + u =12,2.
Vy:Tn tht trong ng ht v ng y:
hhd = 0,03.
1,5 11,5
0,962
10,5 12,2 .
1,94(m)
0,021
2.9,81
Chn :
+ Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu.
+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
p dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
z1 +
2
2
P1
P
v
v
+ 1 + Hb= z2 + 2 + 2 +hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2. g
2. g
Vi:
+ z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t.
+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t.
+ v1,v2 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1) v(2-2), xem v1=v2= 0(m/s).
+ hf1-2 =hhd: tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2).
+ Hb : ct p ca bm.
Suy ra: Hb = (z2 z1) + hhd = Hcv + hhd = 10 +1,94 =11,94(m.cht lng)
Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 97
Chn hiu sut ca bm: b = 0,8.

Cng sut thc t ca bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g 1,2.11,94.943,03.9,81
46,02(W ) 0,06(hp)
3600.b
3600.0,8
Tm li: m bo thp hot ng lin tc ta chn 2 bm li tm loi XM v Qb = 1,2

(m3/h) v ru l cht khng c hi.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 98
CHNG V: KT LUN
Sau ba thng nghin cu, em tm hiu v hc tp c cc vn :
Thit k c thp chng ct Etanol Nc tng i hon chnh khi bit trc nng
sut nhp liu, nng nhp liu,sn phm nh,sn phm y.Tnh ton tng i chi
tit qu trnh lm vic ca thit b v kh nng chu bn ca thit b v tnh n mn c hc
v ho hc, cng nh iu kin lm vic ca thit b.
c tnh k thut ca thit b chng ct thit k ng vi cc thng s cho ban u:
+ T s hon lu thch hp: R = 1,17.
+ S mm chng ct thc t: 15 mm.
+ ng knh thp chng ct: Dt = 500 mm.
+ ng knh l trn mm: 3 mm.
+ B dy mm: 1,8 mm.
+ S l trn mt mm: 2500 l.
+Tr lc ca ton thp: 7320,73(N/m2).
+ Khong cch gia hai mm: 250 mm.
+ Chiu cao thp: 4,9 m.
+ Thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, c b dy: 3 mm.
+ Bch ghp thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, loi bch lin khng c.
+ Bch ghp ng dn lm bng thp CT3, loi bch lin khng c.
+ ng knh ng dn cht lng: 70 mm.
+ ng knh ng dn hi: 100 mm.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 99
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht - Tp 1 NXB khoa hc v k thut.
2. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht - Tp 2 NXB khoa hc v k thut.

Nguyn Thanh Trc
Page 100

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B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

MN: N K THUT THC PHM

TI: THIT K THIT B CHNG CT HN

TRNH NGUYN TRNG HIU

Thnh ph h ch minh, ngy,thngnm

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

CHNG I : TNG QUAN

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

1.1.3 Cc phng php chng ct

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

1.1.4 Cn bng lng- hi hn hp 2 cu t

y*A2,.. y*Ai , cc s liu ny thnh lp 1 bng s liu trong hn hp ca

Hiu sut tng i

Hiu sut cao hot

nh, lm vic vi cht

Hiu sut thp, n

1.2 GII THIU S B NGUYN LIU

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

Etanol l mt dung mi linh hot, c th pha trn vi nc v vi cc dung mi

o Phn ng tch nc (trong mt phn t to thnh olefin, trong mi trng acid

o Phn ng tch nc gia 2 phn t ru

o Phn ng to ra butadien-1,3 (xc tc Cu + Al2O3 ti 380-4000C).

H2C=CH2 + H2SO4 CH3CH2OSO3H

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

Bc 3 : Phn ng ln men ru c xc tc l men zima.

go, ng,sn, la mch, qu nho.Trong mt s trng hp cn phi tinh ch loi b cc

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

o Tc dng vi oxit axit : to axit tng ng, lm qu tm chuyn sang .

100 90,5 86,5 83,2 81,7 80,8

1.3 CNG NGH CHNG CT H ETANOL NC

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

Ch thch cc k hiu trong qui trnh:

Thit b truyn nhit ng chm

Thit b ngng t ng chm

o Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

CHNG II : CN BNG VT CHT

, xL : nng phn khi lng ca cu t d bay hi trong pha

lng ca cc dng, n v phn mol.

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

MF = 46.x F (1 x F ).18 = 20,24 (Kg/Kmol).

MW = 46.xW (1 xW ).18 = 18,28 (Kg/Kmol).

2.3.2 T s hon lu thch hp

2.4.2 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng

8,98 : ch s nhp liu .

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

duong thang noi diem D va I

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

0,37 0,38 0,51

Vy s mm thc t ca thp Ntt

SVTH : Trnh Nguyn Trng Hiu

Vtb: lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).

gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).

Vi :G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .

rb = rb2 rb1= 539 579 = 40 (kcal/kg)

Theo phng php ni suy ta tnh ra, rb 87,20C:

Vy r1= ra87,2.y1+ (1 y1).rb = 199,12.y1+ (1 y1).551,80 = 551,80 352,68.y1

Vy rd = ra79,4.yd+ (1 yd).rb = 202,24.0,82 + (1 0,82 ).557,60 = 266,20 kcal/kg

Suy ra ta c h phng trnh nh sau:

- Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn l:

b. Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp

yA2,.. yAi , cc s liu ny thnh lp 1 bng s liu trong hn hp ca