Encephalitis inflammation of the brain (viral); headache, fever, confusion,

drowsiness, fatigue
Dermatitis aka eczema; itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, crusty
patches
Arthritis OA, RA, psoriatic, septic; joint pain, deformity, stiffness, loss of
function

Leprosy chronic infection (mycobacterium leprae/lepromatosis)

Remains asymptomatic for 520 years

Symptoms
- Granuloma of nerves, resp.
tract, skin & eyes
- Lack of ability to feel pain
- Peripheral wounds

Spread via droplet/body fluids

Dx: via acid-fast bacilli in
biopsy of skin
Tx: (paucibacillary)
dapsone & rifampicin;
(multibacillary) rifampicin,
dapson & clofazimine

Syphilis STI (Treponema pallidum); tx: penicillins

Transmitted by skin/skin
Incubation 10 days 3 months
Can be vertically transmitted
Symptoms include:
- Ulceration in mouth, rectum, genital area
- Flat, red rash on soles/palms or entire body contagious stage
(mimics measles)
- Systemic symptoms
- Neurosyphillis, cardiac problems & potential death occurs in 1/3 of
untreated pt
Dx: blood/urine sample test, lumbar puncture in tertiary syphilis

 Pneumonia inflammation of alveoli (can be viral, bacterial, drugrelated, autoimmune)

Signs & symptoms:

- Cough, chest pain, fever, SOB
- Sharp stabbing chest pain during deep breaths

Causes

Bacterial
- S. pneumoniae (50%) rust coloured sputum; assoc. with
alcoholism & smoking
- H. Influenzae
- Legionella abd. Pain, diarrhoea, confusion
- Klebsiella bloody sputum currant jelly
DDx: TB, gram-neg pneumonia, lung abcesses & acute bronchitis
- Mycoplasma enlarged cervical lymph n., joint pain, middle ear
infection
Viral
- Presents more commonly with wheezing
- Post-transplant/immunocompromised cytomegalovirus pneumonia
Fungal (occurs in immunosuppressed AIDS, cancer etc)
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Pneumocystis jiroveci (pneumocystic pneumonia)

Diagnosis

Chest X-ray (lung consolidation)

Physical exam (crackles in lungs, stony dull percussion)

DDx: COPD, asthma, PE, bronchiectasis, lung ca, pulmonary oedema

Amantadine = prophylaxis
Zanamivir/Oseltamivir = symptom preventer (neuroaminidase inhib)
Antibiotics (amoxicillin, doxy, clarithromycin)

Pleurisy inflammation of pleura

Symptoms include:
- Recurring RTI
- Chest pain
- Persistent cough
- Systemic symptoms

Treatment

Diagnosis

Physical exam (pleural friction rub)

Chest X-ray (fluid/air in pleural space)
Blood tests (infection)

Thoracentesis

Causes:

Treatment:

NSAID
Codeine-based cough syrups
Corticosteroids
Tacrolimus (anti-inflammatory)
Methotrexate