Given : Base of a flooring tile that is in the shape of a parallelogram Corresponding height = h =10 cm Now, in a parallelogram Area(A) = Base (b) x Height (h) », Area of a tile = 24cm x 10 cm = 240 cm? Now, observe that the area of the floor is 1080 m? 1080 m? = 1080x lm x 1m = 1080 x 100 cm x 100 cn ( Because 1m= 100 cm) = 1080 x 100 x 100 x em x em = 10800000 cm? <. Number of required tiles = +8200 = 45000 20 Hence, we need 45000 tiles to cover the floor, The given figure has a rectangle with a semicircle on one of its sides. D c A om B Total area of the plot =Area of rectangle ABCD + Area of semicircle with radius (r = % = 14m) =b=% an . Area of the rectangular plot with sides 60m and 28m = 60 x 28 = 1680 m? And, area of the semicirde with radius im =! xx (14)' xx 14-908? ... (ii) <. Total area of the plot =1680 +308 = 1988m? (from (i) and (i)) It is given that the playground is in the shape of a rectangle with two semicircles on its smaller sides. Length of the rectangular portion is 36m and its width is 24.5m as shown in the figure below.3am (|) Thus, the area of the playground will be the sum of the area of a rectangle and the areas of the two semicircles with equal diameter 24.5 m. Now, area of rectangle with length 36m and width 24.5m: ‘Area of rectangle = length x width = 36m x 24.5 m = 882 m’ Radius of the semicircle — dinmetee _ 24.5 — dimes _ 25 19, 25m 2 . Area of the semicircle = 4 nr r 4 Ly 22 ° = $x 4 x (12.28) = 235.8 m? ‘Area of the complete playground = area of the rectangular ground 2x area of a semicirde 882+ 2 x 235.8 1353. 6 m? It is given that the length of the rectangular piece is 20m and its width is 15m. And, from each corner a quadrant each of radius 3.5m has been cut out. A rough figure for this is given bow: < Area of the remaining part =Area of the rectangular piece — (4 x Area of a quadrant of radius 3. bm!Now, area of the rectangular piece = 20 x 15 = 300 m? 2 sth radi 1 Ly 2 And, area of a quadrant with radius 3.5m = tar? = 1 x # x (3.5) Ly 2 ax BxB5x 35 = 9.625 m? -, Area of the remaining part =300— (4 x 9.625) = 261.5 m? It is given that the inside perimeter of the running track is 400m. It means the length of the inner track is 400m. Let r be the radius of the inner semicircles. Observe: Perimeter of the inner track Length of two straight portions of 90 m+ Length of two semicircles = (2 x 90) + (2x Perimiter of a semicircle) 400 = 1804 (2x 2 xt) 400 — 180 = 4 xr = 220 = 2 35m . Wiath of the inner track = 2r =2 x 35=70m Since the track is 14m wide at all places, so the width of the outer track: 70+ (2x14) =98 m ». Radius of the outer track semicircles = = 49 m Area of the outer track=(Area of the rectangular portion with sides 90m and 98 m) + (2x Area of two semicirdes with radius 49m) = (98x 90) + (2x 5x Px 40) = (8820) + (7546) = 16366 m? And, area of the inner track = (Area of the rectangular portion with sides 80mand 70 m) + (2x Area of the semicircle with radius 35m) = (70x90) + (2x $x 2 x35") = (6300) + (3850) = 10150 m? «. Area of the running track —Area of the outer track Area of the inner track 16366 — 10150 6216 m? And, length of the outer track = (2x length of the straight portion) + (2x perimeter of the semicircles with radius 49 m) = (2x 9) + (2x x49) = 180 + 308 = 488 m The given figure is: pean _€ A Construction ; Connect A to D. Then, we have: Area of the given figure = (Area of rectangle ABCD + Area of the semicircle) - (Area of A AED). . Total area of the figure — (Area of rectangle with sides 10 cm and 10 cm) + (Area of semicircle with radius =“? =5 em) — (Azea of triangle AED with base 6 cm and height 8 an) = (10x10) + ($x 2 x5) — ($x 6x8) = 100 +39.3 24 = 115.3 cm?It is given that the diameter of the wheel is 90 cm. 0 . Radius of the circular wheel, r= % = 45 cm. +. Perimeter of the wheel =2x mxr=2x 22 x 45 = 282.857 cm Tt means the wheel travels 282.857 cm in a revolution. Now, it makes 315 revolutions per minute. ©. Distance travelled by the wheel in one minute = 315 x 282.857 = 89100 cm Speed = 89100 cm per minute = $200.2 Now, we need to convert it into kilometers per hour. 89100 x —— Kilometer 89100 crm + Timinate = £9100 5 60 5 kitemeter = toowe * 1 “hour = 53.46 kilometers per hour Given : Area of the rhombus = 240 cm Length of one of its diagonals = 16 cm We know that if the diagonals of a rhombus are d; and dy, then the area of the rhombus is given by (a x a) Putting the given values : =1 240-1 (15 x &) 240 x 2=16 x dy This can be written as follows 2 16 x dy = 480 a, = #0 4, =30 cm Thus, the length of the other diagonal of the rhombus is 30 cm.Given: Lengths of the diagonsls of a rhombus are 7.5 cm and 12 cm. Now, we know: Area =1 (a x ae) Area of rhombus (7.5% 12) =45 em? Given : Diagonal of a quadrilateral shaped field = 24m Perpendiculars dropped on it from the remaining opposite are 8m and 13m. Now, we know: Area = xx (is +h) 1 Area of the fied = 4 = 12x21 252 m? 24x (8413)Given Side of the rhombus —6 em Altitude = 4 cm One of the diagonals = 8 cm Area of the rhombus = Side x Altitude = 6x4 = 24am? ........(i) We know: Area of rhombus = 4 xd, x d Using (i) m= Lxdixde 2 = PxX8xd @ = 60m Given The floor consist of 3000 rhombus shaped tiles. ‘The lengths of the diagonals of each tile are 45 cm and 30 cm ~. Area of a rhombus shaped tile = 4 x (45 x 30) = 675 cm? ~. Area of the complete floor = 3000 x 675 = 2025000 cm? Now, we need to convert this area into m? because the rate of polishing is given as per m?. , 2025000 em? = 2025000 x am x em = 2025000 x 7; mx iy m = 202.5 m? Now, the cost of polishing 1m? is Rs 4. ~. Total cost of polishing the complete floor = 202.5 x 4=810 ‘Thus, the total cost of polishing the floor is Rs 810. Given : The length of a rectangular grassy plot is 112m and its width is 78m. Also, it has a gravel path of width 2.5m around it on the sides Its rough diagram is given below: -— 1mLength of the inner rectangular field = 112 — (2 x 2.5) = 107 m The width of the inner rectangular field — 78 — (2 x 2.5) —73 m ‘Area of the path = (Area of the rectangle with sides 112 m and 78 m) —(Area of the rectangle with sides 107 m and 73 m) = (112 x 78) — (107 x 73) Now, the cost of constructing the path is Rs 4.50 per square meter. -, Cost of constructing the complete path = 925 x 4.50 =Rs 4162.5 Thus, the total cost of constructing the path is Rs 4162. Given side of the rhombus = + +q So, using the given data to find the length of the other diagonal of the rhombus m= 3 fF +a 40 = 24 +4) Squaring both sides to get rid of the square root sign saw +d 1024 ». Area of the rhombus=Given: Length of the square field . Area of the square field = 4x4 = 16 m? Given: Area of the rhombus = Area of the square field Length of one diagonal of the rhombus = 2 m m vt Side of the rhombus= 3 /af tf ‘And, area of the rhombus= 4 x (« x 4) o. Areaz ww=t (@ x dy) dy=16 m. Now, we need to find the length of the side of the rhombus Side of the rhombus = 42° +1@ = £260 = 2 /4x 65 = $x2V65 = 65 m Also, we know: Area of the rhombus = Side x Altitude -V 65 x Altitude Given: Length of each side of a field in the shape of a rhombus = 14 cm Altitude = 16 cm Now, we know: Area of the rhombus = ~. Area of the field = 14x 16 = 224 cm? lide x AltitudeGiven: Cost of fencing 1 metre of a square field = 60 paise And, the total cost of fencing the entire field = Rs 1200 = 1,20,000 paise Perimeter of the square field = 2206 — 2000 metres Now, perimeter of a square = 4xside For the given square field 4xSide = 2000 m Side = 200° = 500 metres -, Area of the square field — 500x500-250000 m? Again, given: Cost of reaping per 100 m? = 50 paise +. Cost of reaping per 1m’ =; paise Cost of reaping 250000 m? = 32. x 250000 = 125000 paise Thus, the total cost of reaping the complete square field is 125000 paise, i.e, Rs 1250. Given: Side of the square plot = 84m Now, the man wants to exchange it with a rectangular plot of the same area with length Area of the square plot = 84x 84 = 7056 m? v, Area of the rectangular plot = Length x Width 7056 = 144 x Width 7088 > Width = 28-49 m Hence, the width of the rectangular plot is 49 m. Given: ‘Area of the rhombus = 84 m? Perimeter = 40m Now, we know: Perimeter of the rhombus = 4x Side 2. 40=4 x Side Side= 4° =10 m Again, we know: Area of the rhombus = 84= 10x Altitude Altitude = $4 = 8.4m Hence, the altitude of the rhombus is 8.4 m. Sidex Altitude Given: Side of the rhombus shaped garden = 30 m Altitude = 16m Now, area of a rhombus = sidexaltitude ./. Area of the given garden—30x 16=480 m? Also, it is given that the rate of levelling the garden is Rs 2 per Im’. .’. Total cost of levelling the complete garden of area 480 m’—480x2= Rs 960Given: Each side of a rhombus shaped field = 64 m Altitude = 16 m ‘We know: Area of rhombus = Side Altitude ~. Area of the field = 64x16=1024 m? Given: Area of the square field = Area of the rhombus ‘We know: Area of a square—(Side)? ~. 1024=(Side)? = Side=/T024=32 m ‘Thus, the side of the square field is 32 m. Given: Area of the rhombus = Area of the triangle with base 24.8 cm and altitude 16.5 cm Area of the triangle = $ x basex altitude $ 24.8x16.5=204.6 cm? Area of the rhombus = 204.6 cm? Also, length of one of the diagonals of the rhombus=22 em We know: Area of rhombus= 2. (@ x dy) Hence, the length of the other diagonal of the rhombus is 18.6 cm. (i) Given: Bases: 12dm= 2m=12m And, 20 dm= 7-m=2 m Altitude = 10dm = “m=1m Area of trapezium = 4 x(Sum of the bases) x(Altitude) = $x (1.242) mx (1) mGiven: Bases: 28 28. an = 2 m = 0.28 m And, 3dm = §m=0.3m Altitude = 25m = 26 m= 0.25 m Area of trapezium = 4 x(Sum of the bases) x (Altitude) = $x (0.28+0.3) mx (0.25) m = 0.0725 m? (iii) Given: Bases: 8m And, 60dm= Sm=6m Altitude = 40 dm = 2m=4m Area of trapezium= 4 x (Sum of the bases) x( Altitude) = 4x (846) mx (4) m 150 om - 4m — 1.5m And, 30dm= %m=3m Altitude =9dm = {m=09m x (Sum of the bases) x (Altitude) Area of trapezium= =tx (1.5+8) mx (0.9) m = 2.025 x mxm 025 m?Given: Lengths of the parallel sides are 15 cm and 9 cm, Height-8 em ‘Area of trapezium—} x (Sum of the opposite side = 4x (15 +8) x (8) =96 cm? (Distance between the parallel sides) Given: Lengths of the parallel sides are 16 dm and 22 dm And, height between the parallel sides is 12 dm Area of trapezium = 1 x(Sum of the parallel sides) x (Height) = $x (16 +22) x (12) = 1 a= =228x 2 mx Am = 2.28 m? Given: Sum of the parallel sides of a trapezium = 60 em ‘Area of the trapezium = 600 cm? Area of trapezium + x (Sum of the parallel sides) x (Height) On putting the values : 600 = 4 x 60 x (Height) 600 = 30 x (Height) Height — 4° — 20cm Given: Area of the trapezium=65 cm? ‘The lengths of the opposite parallel sides are 13 cm and 26 em. Area of trapezium= 1 x (Sum of parallel bases) (Altitude) On putting the values : x (13426) x (Altitude) 65 x 2 = 39 x Altitude Altitude= 132Given Area of the trapezium = 4.2 m? Height = 280 om = 22m =2.8m (Sum of the parallel bases) (Height) Area of trapezium 4.2 = } (Sum of the parallel bases) 2.8 4.2 x 2 =(Sum of the parallel bases) x2.8 84 Sum of the parallel bases 3m Given: Length of the parallel sides of a trapezium are 10cm and 15 cm. The distance between them is 6 cm. Let us extend the smaller side and then draw perpendiculars from the ends of both sides. (i) Area of trapezium ABCD =(Area of rectangle EFCD)-+(Area of triangle AED +(Area of triangle AED+Area of triangle BFC) =(10x6)+[( $ x AEXED)+( 5 xBExFC)] =604(($ xAEx6)+( 4 xBE x6)] =60+ [SAE+3 BF] =6043x(AE+BF) Here, AB+EF+FB = 15em And EF = 10cm . AE+10+BF=15 Or, AELBP=15-10=5 cm Putting this value in the above formula: ‘Area of the trapezium—60+3x(5)=60+15=75 cm?(ii) In this case, the figure will look as follows: Area of trapezium ABCD=(Area of rectangle ABGH)-|(Area of triangle AHD) +(Area of triangle BGC)] (15 x8) — [(} x DH x6) + ($ x GCx6)) = 90- [3xDH+3 x GC] = 9 -s[DH+Gc] Here, HD+DC+CG=15 om DC=10 em HD+10+CG=15, HD+GC=15-10=5 cm Putting this value in the above equatiot Area of the trapezium=90-3(5)—90-1 75 cm’ Given: Area of the trapezium = 960 cm? And the length of the parallel sides are 34 em and 46 cm. Area of trapezium= + x (Sum of the parallel sides) x (Perpendicular distance between the parallel sides = 960 = + x (34446) x (Height) = 960 = 40x (Height)The given figure is: 30 10cm 50.em 70cm | 30cm In the given figure, we havea rectangle of length 50 cm and width 10 cm and two similar trapeziums with parallel sides as 30 cm and 10 cm at both ends. Suppose x is the perpendicular distance between the parallel sides in both the trapeziums, ‘We have: Total length of the given figure= Length of the rectangle + 2xPerpendicular distance between the parallel sides in both the trapeziums Now, area of the complete figure=area of the rectangle with sides 59 cm and 10 em) 2x (area of the trapezium with parallel sides 30 cm and 10 cm, and height 10 cm) =(50x10)+2x | + x (80+10)x (10)] = 500+ 2 x [200] = 900 cm? The given figure is: —| jy Lengths of the parallel sides are 1.2 m and 1 m and the perpendicular distance betweenthem is 0.8m <, Area of the trapezium shaped surface= + x(Sum of the parallel sides) x (Perpendicular distance) 4x (1.241) x (0.8) 2 x2.2x0.8 =0.88 m? Let the depth of canal be d. Given: Lengths of the parallel sides of the trapezium shape canal are 10 m and 6 m And, the area of the cross section of the canal is 72 m? Area of trapezium= ! x (Sum of the parallel sides) x(Perpendicular distance between the paralld sides) 1 2=1x (10+6)x(4) 72 = 8xd 2 d=2-9m Given: Area of the trapezium = 91 cm? Height =7 cm Let the length of the smaller side be z. Then, the length of longer side will be 8 more than smaller side, i.e. 8+2. ‘Area of trapezium=1 x(Sum of the parallel sides)x (Height) = O= § x |(8+x)+x]x(7) = l= 1x [8+x+x] = 91x2=7x[8+2x] We can rewrite it as follows: Tx B+2x] = 182 [8122] = "F = 26 = 8+2x = 26 = 2v=26-8=18 Seo 8m +, Length of the shorter side of the trapezium = 9 cm And, length of the longer side = 84x = 849 = 17 cmGiven: “Area of the trapezium ~ 384 cm? ‘The parallel sides are in the ratio 8:6 and the perpendicular height between them is 12 em Suppose that the sides are in x multiples of each other. ‘Then, length of the shorter side = 3x Length of the longer side — 5x (Sum of parallel sides) (Height) 384 = 4 x (3x45x) (12) = 884= 2 x (8x) = 984-6(8x) + be = B64 Area of a trapezium: se 48am +. Length of the shorter side=3xx=3 x8=24 cm And, Iength of the longer side=5 xx=5 x8=40 cm Road Given: Area of the trapezium shaped field = 10500 m? Tt is also given that the length of the side along the river is double the length of the side along the road. Let us suppose the length of the side along the road to be x. Then, the length of the side along the river = 2x2 = 2x And, the perpendicular distance between these parallel sides -100 m Area of trapezium= } x (Sum of the parallel sides) (Perpendicular distance) 10500 = 4 x (2x-+x)x(100) 10500=50. (3x) 3x— 1500 919 a x2 70m ~, Length of the side along the river = 2x2 = 2x70=!Given: Area of the trapezium = 1586 cm” Distance between the parallel sides = 26 cm Aud, length of one parallel side = 38 cn Let us suppose the length of the other side to be x cm. Now, area of the trapezium 4 x (Sum of the parallel sides) x (Distance between the parallel sides) => 1586 = 4 x (38+x)x (26) 84 cm Hence, the length of the other parallel side is 84 cm, Given: ‘The parallel sides of a trapezium are 25 cm and 13 em. Tts nonparallel sides are equal in length and each is equal to 10 em. ‘A rough sketch for the given trapezium is given below: p Ba ¢ 10cm 10cm AM NB 25 cm In above figure, we observe that both the right angle trangles AMD andand BNC are congruent triangles AD = BC =10em D= ON =ecm ZDMA =ZCNB = 90° Hence, the third side of both the triangles will also be equal. -. AM=BN Also, MN=13 Since AB = AM+MN+NB: v1. 25-AM+13+BN AM4BN=25-13=12 an Or, BN+BN=12 cm 2 BN=12 BN= #2 =6 em 2 :. AM=BN =6cm. Now, to find the value of x, we will use the Pythagoras theorem in the right angle triangle AMD, whose sides are 10, 6 and x (Hypotenuse) =(Base)’ +(Altitude)* (10)°=(6)? +(x)" Distance between the parallel sides — 8 an +, Area of trapezium — 2 x (Sum of parallel sides)x (Distance between parallel sides) (25413) x(8) =152 an? Given: Parallel sides of a trapezium are 25 cm and 13 cm. Its nonparallel sides are equal in length and each is equal to 15 cm. A rough skech of the trapezium is given below:In above figure, we observe that both the right angle triangles AMD and and BNC are similar triangles. This is because both have two common sides as 15 cm and the altitude as x and a right angle. Hence, the remaining side of both the triangles will be equal. 2A Also M Now, since AB=AM +MN-+NB: », 25=AM+13+BN AM+BN=25-13=12 cm Or, BN+BN=12 em (Because AM=BN) 2BN=12 BN= 2 =6em 2A [=BN=" on. Now, to find the value of x, we will use the Pythagorian theorem in the right angle > triangle AMD whose sides are 15, 6 and x. (Hypotenus)? = (Base) + ( altitude)’ 9x2 =3/71 em Distance between the parallel sides—3/21 cm 1 +, Area of trapezium=1x(Sum of parallel sides)x(Distance between the parallel sides)x (25-413) x (sv21) 2 =57/ Mem? Given: Area of the trapezium = 28 cm? Length of one of its parallel sides = 6 em Altitude = 4em Let the other side be x em. Area of trapezium= + x (Sum of the parallel sides) (Altitude) Hence, the length of the other parallel side of the trapesium is 8 cm. The given figure is: Wem e Bem From above figure, it is clear that the length of the parallel sides of the trapezium are 22 cm and 10 cm. ‘Also, it is given that the area of the parallelogram is 80 cn” and its base is 10 an. We know: Area of parallelogram=Basex Height -.80 = 10xHeight i 0 Height = =8em So, now we have the distance between the parallel sides of trapezium, which is equal to 8em. +. Area of traperinm=+ x (Sum of the parallel sides) x (Distance between the parallel sides) = 4 x(22410)x(8) =128 am?‘The given figure can be divided into a square, a parallelogram and a trapezium as shown A dom g tom | cm B3cme From the above figure: Area of the figure=(Area of square AGFM with sides 4 cm)+(Area of rectangle MEDN with length 8 cm and width 4 cm)+(Area of trapezium NDCB with parallel sides 8 cm and 3 cm and perpendicular height 4 cm) = (4x4) +(8x4)+[} x(843)x(4)] = 16+32+22 = 70cm? The given figure is: c B Given: AD = 10cm, AG =8 em, AH =6cm, AF =5 cm BF =5 cm, CG =7cm, EH =3cn “FG And, GD From given fionre:‘Area of Pantagon = (Area of triangle AFB) + (Area of trapezium FBCG) (Area of triangle CGD) + (Area of triangle ADE) =(4 x AF x BF)+[1 x (BF +CG) x (FG)}+(4 x GD x CG)+(4 x AD x EH) = (4 «5x 5) 4 [4 x (B47) x B]4(E x 2TH (4 x 10% 3) =) UNFOD 12.54 18+ 7 + 15 =52.5 om” bo Ten Tem o (i) ‘The given figure can be divided into a rectangle and a trapezium as shown below: From the above firgure: Area of the complete figure ~ (Area of square ABCF)+(Area of trapezium CDEF) =(ABxBC)+| £ x(PO+ED)x (Distance between FC and ED)] 8x18)4| £ x (18+7)x(8)] 44+100 =424 cm? 20cm Gem bet Tsem 28cm w(ii) ‘The given figure can be divided in the following manner: From the above figure: AB = AC-BC=28-20=8 cm So that area of the complete figure = (area of rectangle BCDE)+ +(area of trapezium ABEF) =(BCx CD)+{ } x (BE+AF)x(AB)] =(20 15)+[ $ x (15+6)x (8)] =300-+484 =384 cm? YP Ne 4q 4 4 4 bo Gi) (ii) ‘The given figure can be divided in the following manner: From the above figure: EF = AB=6cm Now, using the Pythagoras theorem in the right angle triangle CDE: 5° =4°4+CE* CE? = 25-16=9 CE= V9 =3cm And, GD=GH}HC+CD=4464=14 om o. Area of the complete figure—(Area of rectangle ABCH)+(Area of trapezium GDEP) (ABxBC)+| $ x(GD+EF)x (CE)] (6x4) +[4 x(1446) x(3)]A pentagonal park is given below: wolf MP ce -, ‘Gm Iyot s dhasram Jyoti and Kavita divided it in two different ways. (i) Jyoti divided is into two trapeziums as shown below: It is clear that the park is divided in two equal trapeziums whose parallel sides are 30 m and 15m. And, the distance between the two parallel lines: 4 =7.5 m c, Area of the park=2x(Area of a trapazium) = 2 [} x (30+ 18) x (7.5)] 337.5 m? ) Kavita divided the park into a rectangle and a triangle, as shown in the figure. Here, the height of the triangle = 30-15-15 m <. Area of the park=(Area of square with sides 15 cm)+(Area of triangle with base 15 m and altitude 15 m’ (15x15)+( + x 15x15) = 225 4+112.5 =337.5 m?‘The given polygon is: Given: AL=10 cm, AM=20 cm, AN=50 cm A0=60 cm, AD=90 cm Hence, we have the following From given figure: ‘Area of Polygon=(Area of triangle AMF)+(Area of trapezium MOEF) +(Area of triangle EOD) +(Area of triangle DNC) + (Area of trapezium NLBC )+(Area of triangle ALB) =(4 xAMxMEF)+/4 x (MF+OE)x(OM)}+( + xODxOE)+( 4 xDNxNC) + [ } x (LB+NC)x (NL)|+(4 x ALxLB) (§ x20x20)+| 4 x (20+60)x (40)]+($ x 80x60)-H( # 40.40) + -[ 4 x (80440) x (40)}+(4 x 10 x 30) =200+1600+900+800+1400+150 =5050 cm?‘The given figure is: It is given that the hexagon is regular. So, all its sides must be equal to 13 cm. Also, AN = BQ QB+BA+AN = QN Hence, AN = BQ =5 em Now, in the right angle triangle MAN: IN? + AM? AM=/TH=12em. OM = RP = 2x AM = 2x12 = 24 cm Hence, area of the regular hexagon = (area of triangle MON)+ +(area of rectangle MOPR)+(area of triangle RPQ) 1 1 + xOMxAN)+(RPxPO)+( 4 xRPxBQ) 2 x24x5)+(24x13)+(2 x24x5) =60+312+60 =432 cm?In figure: Since OA and OB are opposite rays. Therefore, AB is a line. Since, OC stands on line AB. Thus, ZAQC and ZBOC form a linear pair, therefore, their sum must be equal to 10° Qy + SP, A ° B Or, we can say thatZAOC + BOC =180? From the given figure: ZAOC = (2y+5) and ZBOC =3x (On substituting these two values, we get (2p 4+5)43x=180 3x-4+2y =180-5 3x+2y =175 (A) @) On putting x = 25 in (A), we get: 3(25)+2y=175 7542y=175 Hence, the value of y is[50] Gi On putting in y = 35 in equation (A), we get: 3x+2(35)=175 Hence, the value of x is [35The figure is given as follows: D c A ° B The following are the pair of adjacent angles: ZAOD and ZCOD £B0Cand ZCOD The following are the linear pair ZAOD and ZBOD 2B0Cand ZCOA In the given figure: AB isa straight line. Thus, AOD. COD and ZBOC form a linear pair ‘Therefore their sum must be equal 9] 80°We can say that ZAOD + ZCOD + ZBOC =180" @ Tis given that Z4OD =(x+10)": ZCOD = x° 26 ZBO =(x+20! ‘On substituting these values in (), we get: (x+10)+x+(a+ 20) =180 x+x+¥410+20=180 3r+30=180 3x=180-30 3x=150 50 ar x=f) Itis given that ZAOD = x +10 0410 Therefore, Also, ZCOD=x Therefore,[ZCOD = 50" Therefore,Letus draw AX. a straight fine. B, E Therefore, 408 . DOE 208 DON form a linear pair. Thus, their sumn should be equal 10 $0" (Or, we can say that ZAOE + DOE + ZDOX =180° D Similarly, 108. £ROCand ZCON form linear pais. Thus, theit sum should be equal 101 80" (Or, we can say that: ZAOB+ ZBOC + ZCOX = 180° CD (On adding (1) and (ID. we get: ZAOB + ZBOC +( COX + DON) + ZAOE + DOF = 180" +180" (ZAOB + ZROC ZCOD + ZAOE + ZDOE = 30 Hence provedIn the figure given below, itis given that AOC and ZBOC forms a linear pair c afb A oO B Thus, the sum of Z4OCand ROC should be equal to1g0°. (Or, we can say that: ZAOC + ZBOC = 180° From the figure above. ZAOC = a and ZBOC = b Therefore, a+b=180 a= 180-5 i Itis given that: On comparing (j) and (ii), we get: 180-6 =30+ 26 -b-2b = 30-180 3b =-150 =150 = 5=50 b Putting 5 = 50 in (i), we get 180-b 80-50 130 Hence, the values for a and } are [130] and [50] respectively.Suppose we have two lines, say AB and CD intersect at a poiat. O as shown in the figure below: B c ‘Then there are 4 pairs of adjacent angles formed, namely 4 ZAOC and £BOC i ZBOC and ZDOB ai, ZAOCand ZAOD ww. ZDOBand ZAOD In the given figure, D E oO A We have 10 adjacent angle pairs, namely i Z4OB and 2BOC ii Z40B md 2800 ui ZAOB and /BOE ie. ZBOC and ZCOD ¥. ZBOC and ZCOE vi ZCODand ZDOE vii ZCOD and ZAC viii, ZCOD and ZBOC ax ZAOC and ZCOE % ZAODand ZDOEJn the given fisute: 4c 4c AOBis a straight line. Thus. “AOD and “BOD form a linear pair. ‘Therefore their sum must be equal tog! We can say that ZAOD + ZBOD =180° Tris given that 4Qp 150°. substituting this value in equation above, we get 150° +.x=180° x=180" ~150" x=[30"|Its given that AOC is a line. Therefore, Z40B and ZBOC form a linear pair. Thus, the sum of ZAOB and ZBOC must be equal to 180° (Or, we eam say that ZAOB + ZBOC =180° Also, /408 = 70? and £BOC =(2x)' On putting these values in the equation above we have: Hence, the required value of is‘The figure is given as follows: This given that POS ine Therefore. ZPOQ. /ROS aad. QOR font linear pai. Taos, their sum must be equal 0180" (£POQ + ZROS + ZQOR = 180" Iie given that £POQ = 60", 2ROQ =4x md Z0R = 40 Therefore, we got 80" + 4440" = 180" 4x +120" = 180" 4x = 180" -12 4x = 60" Sot 4 = [20° Hence, the required value of xis0)Itis given that ACB is a line in the figure given below. Thus. 2ACD and 28CD form a linear pair. A ° B Therefore, their sum must be equal 10180" Or, we can say that ZACD + ZBCD = 180° Also, ZACD = 4x and Z8CI =Sx. This further simplifies to 4x+50=180 9x =180 180 x= 9 e=20 Hence, the value of x is 20°Here we have POQ as a line 2H By So. ZPOR and ZQOR form a linear pair. Therefore, their sum must be equal to 80° Or. we can say that ZPOR + ZOOR = 180" It is given that “POR = (3x)" and ZOOR = (2x +10)’ On substituting these values above, we get Hence, the value of xis 34°Itis given that in the figure given below: ais greater than b by one-third of a right angle. 7 A B 0 (Or we caa say that, the difference between a and b is 90"). That is; = a-b= 100 a- 00) a-b=30? (i) Also a and b focmn a linear pair. Therefore, their sum must be equal £0189! We can say that a+b=130° ( On adding (i) and (ii), we get: 2a=180+30 2a=210 10 2 a=[Lo3| On putting, a= 105 tn (3): 105~5=30 ~b=30-105 ~b=-75 o=[5] Hence, the values are[g — 105°] and [5 — 75°Let us assume, {OB as a straight line This makes AOC and 2BOC to forma linear pair. Therefore, their sum must be equal to 30° c e380 Lay B 3} A ‘We can say that: LAOC + ZBOC = 180° Also, ZAOC = 4y and BOC = 6y-+ 30. This fusther simplifies to: Ay + (6y +30) =180 10y+30 Hence, the value of y =[]5°] makes 4OB as a line ‘The given figure is as follows: D 4@ Itis given that 408. ZFOE .ZEOBand ZFOG fora a linear pait Therefore, their sum must be equal 0 1 0 That is ZAOB + ZPOE + ZEOB + £FOG = 180? Ids given that ZFOG =30". 2408 = 30! and ZEOB = 9" in equation above, we gat: 2AQB + ZFOE + LEOB + ZFOG = 180" 30° + ZFOE +90" +30° =180? ZFOE +150" =180" ZOE =180" -150" ZFOE = [30 Itis given that: ZFOC =90° From the above figure: ZFOE + ZDOE + ZCOD =90" 30" + ZDOE +30" = 90" ZDOE +60" =90" ZDOE = 80" - 60° 2D0E =[30"| Similarly, we have: ZEOB =90° From the above figure: ZDOE + ZDOC + ZCOB =90" 30° +30" + ZCOB =90" ZCOB + 60° =90° ZCOB =90" ~60" 2ZCOB =B0"@ We have: ZFOG =30" ZFOE =30° ZEOD =30" ZCOD=30" ZCOB =30° 2408 =30° From the figure above and the measurements of the calculated angles we get two sight angles as, (ZDOG] and[ZAOD) ‘Two sight angles are already given as[7FOC]and[ZEOB| Gi) We have to find the three pair of adjacent complementary angles. ‘We know that 2eOBis a right angle. Therefore, are complementary angles, Similarly, Z4ODis a right angle. Therefore, (Z408] and [7BOD] are complementary angles. Similarly, ZAQDis a right angle. ‘Therefore, ZAOT] 224 [ZCOD] #2 complementary angles.@) ‘We have to find the three pair of adjacent supplementary angles Since, ZAQGis a straight line. ‘Therefore, following are the three linear pair, which are supplementary: ZAOBand ZBOG : ZAC and ZCOG and ZAOD and ZDOG o We have to find three pair of adjacent angles, which are as follows: ZAOB and ZBOC ZCODand ZDOE ZEOF aad ZFOGLetus draw 7OP asa straight line. R Q Since, ToPis a line, therefore, POO. ZOOR and ZROT form a lineas paic Also, ZPOS and /SOT form a linear pair. Thus, we have: ZPOQ + LOOR+ ZROT = 180° And POS + ZSOT = 180" Gi) On adding (i) ond (i). we get (ZPOQ + £OOR + ZROT) +(ZPOS + ZSOT) = 180° +180" £POO + ZOOR + (ROT + ZSOT)+ ZPOS = 360" [ZPOO+ ZOOR+ ZSOR+ ZPOS = 360" Hence proved. Tn the figure given below, we have Ray OR as the bisector of POS ‘Therefore, ZPOR= ZROS or, £POS =22ROS (1) sSimilarly, Ray OT as the bisector of ZS0Q Therefore, 2T00 = ZT0S Or, 4008 =22TOS (ID Allso, Ray QS stand on a line POQ. Therefore, ZPOS and ZOOS form a linear pair. Thus, ZPOS + £008 =180" From (1) and (ly 2ZROS +2.ZTOS =180" 2(ZROS + ZTOS) =180" £ROT =|90°} ZRF =[90" Hence, the value of ZROT is 90° Let ZPOR and ZROO bes and 7xsespzctively. Q P R Since. Ray OR stand on line POQ Thus, “POR ané.2ROQ form a linear pair. ‘Therefore, their sum must be equal to g0°Or, ZPOR + ZROQ=180" Sx+Tx=180" 12x=180" ele 12 xis! @ ‘Thus, ZPOR = Sx =5(15) =15 (ZPOR=15" (ZROQ = 105" It is evident from the figure, that OOS and ZPOR are vertically opposite angles. And we know that vertically opposite angles are equal. Therefore, 2008 = ZPOR [2008 = 73" Similarly, POS and ZROQ are vertically opposite angles. And we know that vertically opposite angles are equal. Therefore, 2POS = LROO (ZPOS = 105"The given figure is as follows: R s 90° P 0 Q We have POQ as a line. Ray OR is perpendicular to line PQ. Therefore, 2ZROQ -90" ZPOR =90" From the figure above, we get: ZROS + ZPOS =90" (i) ZPOS and ZQOS form a linear pair. Therefore, 2008 + £POS = 180" (i) From (i and (i) equation we get: £QOS + £POS = (.ZROS + £POS) 2ROS = "(2005~ x=36 Since. angle 1 and 5 and angle 2 and 6 are corresponding angles. so 29 = L1=3x= 108" b= 22= =nSince, angles 1 and3 and 2 and 4 are vertically opposite angles, so 23 = Z1=3r=108 £4= 22=2x=72" Now, Angle 5 and 6 and angle 6 and 8 are vertically opposite angles, so 27> Z5=108 LB= 26=72" Hence, [71 = 25 = 23 = 27 =108"]404[ 22 = 46 = 24 = Z8= 72" ‘The given figure is ac follows: Let us extend GH to meet 4B at Y_ Similarly, extend LK to meet CD at Z. ‘We have the following: ZCHG and ZyHZ ate the vertically opposite angles. Therefore, ZYHZ = ZCHG 425° = 60° Z1= 60° -25° 1235 (i)Since, YH || KZ. Thus, 22K and /YHZ ace the consecutive interior angles. Therefore, ZVHZ + ZHZK ~180' 1425" + ZHZK =180" From (i), we get: 21425" + ZHZK =180" 35°+25"+ ZHZK = 180" 60" + ZHZK =180° ZHIK =120" ( Since, AB||CD. Thus, “ZK and 23 are the corresponding angles. Therefore, 23> LHIK From (ii), we get: 23 =120" Gi) Also, ZKHZ and 22 are the alternate interior opposite angles Therefore, 22.=25° Gv) ‘Thus, the required angle /#/K1, can be calculated as: ZHKL= 22+ 23 From (iii) and (iv) we get ZHKL = 25° +120° ZHKL = 145" Hence, the required value for /7KL is(145°|‘The figure is given as follows: B ‘We need to prove that 4B Tris given that /paC = 57° andLACD = LBAC But these are the pair of alternate interior opposite angles. ‘Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of alternate interior angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel ‘Therefore, ABIICD @ Itis given that 2#EC = 145" and ECD =35° ‘Thus, LPEC + ZECD =145° +35" LPEC + ZECD =180° But these are the pair of consecutive interior opposite angles. ‘Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of consecutive interior anales is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel ‘Therefore, CDILEF @ From (i) and (i), we get. ABI EF Hence proved [4B [EFThe figure is given as follows: B A 70° 130° c Itis given that AB || CD ond CD || EF Thus, ZBAC and _ZACD are alternate interior opposite angles. Therefore, ZACD = ZBAC ZACD =70" (i) Also, we have CD || EF ZFEC + ZECD =180" 130° + 2BCD ZECD ZECD (ii) From the figure: (ZACE = ZACD~ ZECD From equations (i) and (i) ZACE = 70° 50° ZACE =[20") Hence, the requised value for ZACE is [30‘The figure is given as follows: We need to find “ABC Let us produce BA to meet PR at point G. Itis given that PQ|| GB Thus, ZOPRand /RGB are corresponding anzles. Therefore, ZRGB = ZOPR Also it is given that ZOPR = 102" ZRGB = 102° @) Similarly, it is given that PR || BC. ‘Thus, ABC and ZRGB are consecutive interior angles. Therefore, ZABC + RGB =180" From equation (i) ZABC +102 = 180" ZABC = 180" -102" ZAC =[78"] Hence, the required value for “ABC is[79°“The given figure is as follows Since ZEDC ‘ZACD ‘These are the pair of alternate interior opposite angles. ‘Theorem states: [fa transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of alternate interior angles is equal, then the two fines are parallel. ‘Therefore, ACIDEThe figure is given as follows: Itis given that n|| p ‘Thus, Z| and 23 are corresponding angles. Therefore, A=8 Itis given that 1 = g5°. Therefore, 3=39 @ Also, we have m||/ Thus, 22 and 23 are consecutive interior angles, Therefore, 22+ 23=180° From equation (i), we get: 22+85° =180° 22=180" -85° 22=(95° Hence, the required value for 22 is [95”The figure can be drawn as follows: 1 m Here, J nandm Lin We need to prove that /|] m Tis given that / 1 1. therefore, A=90' (i) Similarly, we have m 1 n. therefore, From (9 and (ii), we get: A=2 But these are the pair of corresponding angles. ‘Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of corresponding angles is qual, then the two lines are parallel, Thus, /|| mThe figure is given as follows: yo Ibis given that two sides AB and AC of /4BC are perpendicular to sides EF and DE of ZCDP + ZABP ZF ZCDP + ZABP| Hence proved ‘The given figure is as follows I is give that AB\|CD Letus draw a line yy passing throush point P and parallel to AB and CD. We have X¥ ||CD, thus, /CDP and 22 are consecutive interior angles. Therefore, 22+ LCDP =180° Similarly, we have XY || AB thus, ZA4Bp and | ate consecutive interior angles. Therefore, A+ 24BP =180" GD) (On adding equation (i) and Gi), we get: 22+ ZCDP + A+ ZABP =180) +180? (22+ A+ ZCDP + ZABP =360" [ZABP 1 ZBPD + ZCDP = 360" Hence proved‘The parallelogram can be drawn as fllows A B € D Its given that LZC=23 Therefore, ler Mads and £C=38 ‘We know that opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal, Therefore, LA=ZD 2D =2x Similarly 2B=3x Also, if AB || CD, then sum of consecutive interior angles is equal to 10! Therefore, ZA+ LC=180" 2x +3x= 180" 5x= 180" 130° 5 x= 36"Wehave ZA=2 24 =236') A= [TE Also, LC =3x ZC =3(36") 2C = {108° Similacly. 2-2) And 2B ={108"| Hence, the four angles of the parallelogram are as follows 2A= (72 |» 2B = nos'|. 2c =[72"Jend zp = 108"The figure can be drawn as follows: 1 m Here,/ 1 nandm Ln ‘We need to find the relation between lines J anc Itis given that / | 7, therefore, 21=90° © Similarly, we havem | n. therefore, 22=90° Gi) From (i) and (ji), we get: A222 But these are the pair of corresponding angles. ‘Theorem states: [fa transversal intersects two Lines in such @ way that a pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel ‘Thus, we can say that /|| m ‘Hence, the Lines are parallel to each other.Tris given that 4 = 60" 22=230") 2a ‘Thus we have /1 = 22 But these are the pair of corresponding angles. ‘Thus Im Hence proved. ‘The given figure is as follows: We have /|| mim and 21 = 60° ‘Thus, we get 21 and 3 as corresponding angles. Therefore,B=a B= 60 @ We have £3 and 4 forming a linear pair. Therefore, they must be supplementary. That is; 23+ 24=180" From equation (i): 60° + 24 =180" Z4=180'- 60" 44=120' @) We have m||7 Thus, we get £2 and /4 as altemate interior opposite angles. Therefore, these must be equal. That is, 42= 24 From equation (ii), we get 22= 120° Hence the required value for 22 is [120°‘The figure can be drawn as follows: 1 m Here, / wand We need to prove that Itis given that 4 therefore, a Similarly. we havem 1 n. therefore, 90° Gi) From (i) and (i), we get 2 22 ‘But these are the pair of corresponding angles. ‘Theorem states: Ifa transversal intersects twvo lines in such a way that a pair of corresponding angles is cqual, then the two lines are parallel. Thus, we can say that J] m1 ‘The quadrilateral can be drawn as follows: A B c D Here, we have AB||CDand AC|| BD Also. ZACD = 60" Since, 4B ||CD Thus, Z4CDand ZBAC ate consecutive interior angles‘Thus these two must be supplementary. That is, ZACD + ZBAC = 180" 60° + ZBAC=180° ZBAC= 180" ~ 60° ZBAC=|120° Similarly, AC || BD Thus, /ACDand ZCDB are consecutive interior angles. ‘Thus these two must be supplementary. That is, ZACD + ZCDB = 180° 60" + ZCDB=180" ZCDB= 180" - 60° ZCDB = (120° Similarly. 4B || CD Thus. Z4BDand CDR ate consecutive interior angles. Thus these two must be supplementary. That is, ZABD + ZCDB =180" ZABD +120" =180? ZABD =180? ~120° ZABD =[60"Hence the other angles are as follows: ZBAC =(120" ZCDB = 120° ZABD =[60"| C Since, lines AB and CD intersect each other at point O. Thus, 7AOCand ZBOD are vertically opposite angles. ‘Therefore, ZAOC = ZBOD ® Similarly, ZCOB = ZAOD -... 1) Also, we have ZAOC. BOD .ZBOC and ZAOD forming a complete angle. Thus, ZAOC + ZBOD + ZCOB + ZAOD = 360" Itis given that 2ZAOC + ZCOB+ ZBOD =270° Thus. we get (Z40C + ZBOD + LCOB)+ ZAOD =360" 270° + ZAOD = 360° ZAOD =360" 270° ZAOD =|90')From (II), we get: ZCOB =|90" We know that AOC and _ZCOB form a linear pair. Therefore, these must be supplementary. ZAOC + ZCOB = 180" ZAC +90! = 180" ZAC = 180" -90" ZAOC =|90" From (0, we get: ZBOD =|90°‘The figure is given as follows: Tis given that p is a transversal to lines m and m Also, 22=120" and 25 = 60" We need to prove that mln Wehave £2=120° Also, 22 and 4 are vertically opposite angles, thus, these nwo must be equal. That is, 4421200 @ Also. 25 = 60" Adding this equation to (i). we get 244 25=120" +60" 244 25=180" But these are the consecutive interior angles. ‘Theorem states: Ifa transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel ‘Thus, m|| a Hence, the lines are parallel to each other.‘The figure is given as follows: Tris given that [is a transversal to lines m and n. Also, Z4=110° and 27=65° We need check whetherm 7 or not Wehave 27 = 65" Also, 7 and 25 are vertically opposite angles, thus, these two must be equal. That is, 5° @) Also. £4=110° “3 Adding this equation to (i). we get: Lhe L5=110 +65" Lat Z5=175" But these are the consecutive interior angles which are aot supplementary. ‘Theorem states: Ifa transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel. ‘Thus, m1 is not parallel to n.The figure is given as fallows: A B /) (7 D c We have 2BCD =115" and ADC = 63° Clearly, ZBCD + ZADC =118° + 65° ZBCD + ZADC =180" ‘Thase are the pair of consecutive interior angles. ‘Theorem states: [fa transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel Thus, [DiI BC Sinilatly, we have Zp4g=115*and ZADC = 63° Clearly, £DAB + ZADC=115" + 63° ZDAB + ZADC =180" ‘These are the pair of consecutive interior angles. ‘Theorem states: [fa transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a pair of consccutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel ‘Thos. [4B TCD ‘Hence the lines which are parallal are as follows: AD] BC] and [ABCD]‘The figure can be drawn as follows: ' nm Here, {|| mand nL We nzed to prove that Lm Itis given that y |, therefore, 21=90" @) We have iim. thus, 1 and 22 are the corresponding angles. Therefore these must be equal. That is, A=22 From equation (9), we get 2-90" Therefore, Hence proved,‘The figure is given as follows: A D B wo © & iy [is given that, arms Bd and BC of 24BC are respectively parallel to arms ED and EF of ZDEF We nced to show that Z4BC = ZDEF Let us extend BC to mect EF. We have 4B|| DE. ZABC and 2pfF a2 comesponding angles, these two should be equal. Therefore,‘The figure is given as follows: A Itis given that, arms BA and BC of ZABC are respectively parallel to arms ED and EF of ZDEF We need to show that ZABC + ZDEF =180" Lotus extend BC to meet ED at point P. We have 4B || DE and BP || EF .So, “BPE and “PEF arc conesponding angles, these two should be equal Therefore, [ZBPE = ZPEF| Also, we have AB || PE So, 24BP and “BPE are consccutive interior angles, these two must be supplementary. Therefore, ZABP + ZBPE =180" = CABC + ZPEF =180" => ZABC + DEF =180° Hence proved. @ Statement: If two lines are intersected by a transversal, then corresponding angles are equal. False Reason’ The above statement holds good if the fines are parallel only. «a Statement: If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversel, then altemate interior angles are equal, True Reason:Reason: Let J and m are two parallel lines. And transversal ¢ intersects J and m making two pair of altemate interior angles, 41. 22and 3.4 Wenced to prove that /1= 22 and 23= 24 We have, 22~ ZS (Vertically opposite angles) And. £1 = /5 (corresponding angles) Therefore, 21= 22 (Vertically opposite angles) Again, /3= 26 (corresponding angles) Hence, 1= 22 and £3 = £4.Git) Statement: Two lines perpendicular to the same line are perpendicular to each other. E Reason: The figure can be drawn as follows: 1 m Here, j | nandm Ln Iris given that / | n, therefore, 1=90° @ Similarly, we have m 1 1, therefore, 22=90° Hi) From (j) and ii), we get: 41=22 But these are the pair of corresponding angles Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such @ way that a pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel. Thus, we cam say that /|] mGy) Statement: Two lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other. True Reason: The figure is given as follows Itis given that /||m and m||n We need to show that / | m2 We have ||| m, thus, corresponding angles should be equal. That is, A=22 Similarly. B=22 ‘Therefore, A=8 But these are the pair of corresponding angles Therefore, /||m“ Statement: If two parallel lines arc intersected by a transversal, then interior angles on the same side 0 the transversal are equal. False Reason: Theorem states: Ifa transversal intersects two parallel lines then the pair of alternate interior angles is supplementary. Let us draw the following diagram showing two lines 47 and CD) intersecting at a point A B c ‘Thus, ZAOC.ZCOB.ZAOD and ZBOD form 2 complete angle, that is the sum of these four angle ix 3060" ‘That is, ZAOC + ZCOB + ZBOD + ZAOD = 360" I is given that ZAOC + £COB + £BOD = 274" CD, Subtsacting (II) from (1), we get ZAOD = 360-274" AOD = [862 Hence, the correct choice is (a.Let us draw the following diagram showing two fines 4g and CD intersecting each other ata pointo. A B Lc D Let the required angle ZBOC measures ,° Also, BOC and ZBOD form a linear pair. Therefore, their sum must be equal 19] 9° Thatis, ZBOC + ZBOD =180" Iris given that /pop = 63°. Substituting, this value above, we get ZBOC + 63° = 180" ZBOC = 180' ~ 63 2e0c =[17)] Hence, the correct choice is (b.Letus draw the following figure, showing POQas a straight line R, P °. Q Thus, ZPOR and £QOR form a linear pair, therefore their cum must be supplementary. That is, ZPOR + ZQOR =180" ris given that ZPOR = 3x and ZOOR = 2x +10" On substituting these two values above, we ect: 3x +2x+10' =180" Sx+10" =180" Sx=180"=10" Sx=170" 110! 5 x= 24) Hence, the correct choice is (b)Itis given that 4OC is a straight line A oO B Also, AOC. ZBOC and ZCOD form a linear pais. Therefore, their sum must be supplementary That is ZAC + ZBOD + ZCOD =180" Itis given that ZAOC =85° and “BOD =85° On substituting these two values above, we get: 85” +85” + ZCOD =180° ZCOD +170" =180° ZCOD =180" ~170° CoD =[10" ‘There is no correct optionInthe given figure, ,°and y" are vertically opposite angles, therefore, these must be equal. That is. x=¥ @) Also, 2.9, yp! and 3,9 forma linear pair. Therefore, their sum must be supplementary. That is, 2rty+3x=180° From (i) equation, we get: 2xtx+3x=180" 6x=180° 180° 6 x=30" From () equation again. 130°In the given figure, we have y°.y° and :° forming a linear pair. therefore these must be supplementary. Dats (iy Substituting ii) and (ii) in @), we get Hence, the correct choice is (b)‘Une igure 1s as tollows: This given that 22=90" Also, A1=(Gx+10)° Since, x°, 7] and £2 form a linear pair. Therefore, x+ 214 £2=180" X+(3x +10") +90 =180" 4x+100" = 180" 4x=180° —100° 4x =80° so" 4 x=[20°‘Now, let us consider each statement one by on2: @ Statement atb=dte ‘This statement is incomect Explanati ‘We have, a and d are vertically opposite angles ‘Therefore, a=d@ Similarly. 6 and e are vertically opposite angles.Therefore, bee ‘On adding (1) and (I). we get: atb=dte ‘Thus, this statement is incorrect. @ Statement: a4¢+e=180" This statement is correct, Explanation: As q®, f° and? form a linear pair, therefore their sum must be supplementary. a+ f+e=180 GD Also f° and "are vertically opposite angles, therefore, these must be equal. fre Putting f =e in (ID), we get: 80” atet+ Gi) Statement: b+ f =a+eExplanation: As q®, f° and p° form a linear pair, therefore their sum must be supplementary. a+ f+b=180" CV) Also ¢°,q° and.° forma linear pair, therefore their sum must be supplementary. ct+d+e=180° (V) On comparing (IV) and (V), we get: at f+b=crdte Also q° and ° are vertically opposite angles. therefore, these must be equal. Therefore, a=d Substituting the above equation in (VI), we get: atf+b=erdte at f+b=ctate b+ fzate Thus, out of all, (ii) and (iii) are correct. Hence, the correct choice is (4).Lets draw the following figure Here AB||CD with tas a transversal Also, /] and 22 are the two angles om the same side of the transversal tis given that A 3 ‘Therefore, let 4=2s and 22-35 We also, know that, if transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of consecutive interior angles are supplementary ‘Therefore, 214.22 =180" (On substituting /1 in equation above, we get 2x+3x=180° Sr=is0" 80" (Cleat, 3-20 ‘Taerefore, >A Also, Aas 22-306") 22=[1084] Hence, the comect choice is ©)‘The given figure is as follows Let us extend GH to meet 4B at ¥. We have the following CHG 204 ZCHY are the supplementary angles. Therefore, ZCHY + ZCHG=180" LCHY =120"....0)Since, AB||CD. Thus. ZDiKand ZYKH are the interior alternate angles. Therefore, ZDHK = ZYKH ZYKH = 254.2) Since, 4B||CD. Thus, ACHY and /4YZ, are the corresponding angles. Therefore, ZCHY = ZAYE From (1), we get: ZA¥Z =120" GB) Since ¥Z||KL. Thus ZAYZ and ZYKL are corresponding angles, Therefore, ZAYE = KL ZYKL=120".(4) ‘Thus, the required angle x can be calculated as x= ZYKL+ ZYKH From (3) and (4) we get: x=25' 4120" 45" x Hence, the correct choice is (©).Here 4B||CD ‘A Also, 21 andxare the two corresponding angles. ‘Then, according to the Corresponding Angles Axiom, which states: ‘fa transversal intersects to pall! ines, then each pair of cocresponding angles are equal, ‘Therefore, diss Also, /1 and (120) 4 x) form a linear par, therefore, their sum must be supplementary ‘Therefore, A+(120" +x) =180° (On subscimting £1 {in equation above, we ger +120" 4 r= 180° 2v+ 120° =180° 2x=180"-120" 2x = 60" Hence, the correct choice is (8).‘The figure is given as follows: 9 Tis given that, AB || CD with PQ as transversal Also, EL isthe bisector / BEF and /LER =35° We need to find CFO Since. EL is the bisector “REF and 1 ER = 35° ZBEF =238') ZBEF =70! O) Wehave AB||CD the ZBEF and DFE are consecutive interior ancles, which aust be supplementary. LBEF + DF 80" From equation (), we get: 10° + ZDFE DPE DPE 80" 80" 70" 0" (i) We have and as vertically opposite angles ‘Therefore, LCFO= CDFE“Lets den the following diagram showing two lines 4 and CD intersecting ata point) c ‘Tus, Z40C.2COB. ZAOD end £#OD form a complete anale, that isthe som ofthese four ane is 300" ‘Thats, ZAOC+ COB + ZBOD + 240D is given that £400 + ZCOB+ ZOD =270' (WD) Subtracting (I) fiom @). we gt: £400 = 360-270! 2400.Jn the given figure, POURS Also, Z4BF and 2] are the corresponding angles. Thea, according to the Conesponding Angles Axiom, which states: ‘fa transversal intersects two parallel fines, then each pair of corresponding angles are equal. Therefore,21> B 2 v ‘Also, £1 and £2 form a linear pair. Thus, A+ 22= 180° Itis given that 22 = 90°, substituting this value . we get 21490" =180" A1=180"-90° 21=90" (i) Ina triangle, we know that, the exterior angle is equal to the sum of the interior opposite angle In AAOB x+Z1=129° 2A From equation ( x=125? 90" 35° xComplementary Angles: Two angles, the sum of whose measures is 9q?, ate called complementary angles Thus, angles “ay and ZXAC are complementary angles, if xty=90? Example 1 Angles of measure sq? and 40° are complementary angles, because 50° +40" =90" Example 2 Angles of measure 69? and39"are complementary angles, because 60° +30" =90"Supplementary Angles: Two angles, the sum of whose measures i380” angles Thus, angles /BAC and ZDAC are supplementary angles, if xey=180" Example Angles of measure sp? and 30° are supplementary angles, because 50° 4130? =180° Example 2: ‘Angles of measure gq? and 29? are supplementary angles, because 60? 4120” = 180° Adiacent aneles: Two angles are called adjacent angles, if i. They have the came vertex, i They havea common ara, and ii Uncommon arms are on either side of the common arm. B o A Inthe figure above, ZAOC and BOC have a common vertex. "are called supplementary Also, they have a common arm QC’ and the distinct arms 4@ and HO. lies on the opposite sides of the tine oc. Therefore, Z40Cand /BOC axe adjacent angles.‘The complement of an acute angle is an acute angle. Explanation As the sum of the complementary angles is 90” Let one ofthe angle measures °. ‘Then, other angle becomes(9—)', which is clearly an acute angle. Let us draw the following diagram showing two lines 47 and CD interseeting at a point. c D Weave the following pair of adjnceat angles, s formed ZAOC #04 ZBOC ZAOC and Z40D ZBOD 808. ZBOC 2B0D wd £40D Hence, in total four pair of adjacent angles are formed,