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Control of Reactive Power
Control of Reactive Power
AND VOLTAGE
Copyright P. Kundur
This material should not be used without the author's consent
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Synchronous Generators
Overhead lines
Underground cables
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Transformers
Loads
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cont'd
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characteristic impedance, ZC
electrical length, = l
L
C
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Shunt Reactors
Used to compensate the undesirable voltage effects associated with line capacitance
increases effective ZC
reduces the effective natural load , i.e., voltage at which flat voltage profile is achieved
In very long lines, at least some reactors are required to be connected to lines
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Shunt Capacitors
decreases ZC
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Series Capacitors
reduces I 2X loss
electrical length
Self regulating !
Typical applications
voltage regulation
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Compensation Requirements
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Synchronous Condenser
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thyristor-controlled reactor
thyristor-switched capacitor
saturated reactor
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(a) Controllable
reactor
(c) SVS
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(a) Voltage-current
characteristic
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controllable in magnitude
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Comparison of
STATCOM and SVC Characteristics
(a) V-I characteristics:
Source: N.G. Hingorani and L. Gyugi, "Understanding FACTS", IEEE Press, 1999
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Tap-Changing Transformers
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Feeder regulation
cont'd
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Appendix to Section on
Control of Reactive Power and Voltage
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