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Pa State Police Study Guide Emergency Responder Review
Pa State Police Study Guide Emergency Responder Review
First Responder A person trained in emergency care to be called on to use that in the routine of the job.
Responsibilities: 1. Scene safety for self and others 2. Provide initial care 3. Determine threats
4. Summon advanced help. 5. Gain access to victims 6. Assist advanced personnel.
When to terminate care: 1. Advanced help arrives 2. Scene becomes unsafe. 3. Presented with a DNR
order. 4. Become too exhausted. 5. Person revives.
Medical Oversight The process by which a physician directs the care given to out-of-hospital providers
to an ill or injured person.
Helping victims families: Recognize their needs for: communicate, expression, privacy. Listen, reassure
but not falsely, comfort, use touch if appropriate.
How disease spreads: 1. Pathogen is present 2. Sufficient quantity 3. Susceptibility of person 4.
Transmission through entry site
4 Ways disease enters body: 1. Direct 2. Indirect 3. Airborne- breathing 4. Vector- bites, stings
Meningitis a severe infection of the brain. Direct, indirect, and airborne modes of transportation.
Tuberculosus a respiratory disease. Airborne mode of transportation
Infectious diseases Diseases that can be passed from an animal, insect or human to another.
Implied Consent A situation in which someone would ask for help if they could.
DNR Orders A do not rescusitate order.
Negligence Failure to follow reasonable care standards
Needed for Negligence lawsuit: 1. Duty 2. Breech 3. Cause 4. Damage.
The Vital organs: Heart, Brain, Lungs. The brain is the master organ
Trachia the Windpipe
Body Cavities: Cranial Head. Spinal Spine. Thoracic chest. Abdominal Digestive (not
protected by bones) Pelvic cavity
Initial Assessment is for: General impressions, Assess Levels of Consciousness, ABCs (airway,
breathing, Circulation), skin color and bleeding.
DOTS: Deformity, Open injuries, Tenderness, Swelling
SAMPLE history: Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake (food
meds), Events leading up to injury
Ongoing Assessment: Check the victim every 5 minutes for an unstable patient. Every 15 min. for stable
Why do we do an initial assessment? TO CHECK FOR IMMEDIATE THREATS TO LIFE.
Main thing to consider as a first responder, especially with regards to moving/lifting a victim:
YOUR OWN LIMITATIONS.
Asthma Wheezing and gurgling noises, struggling to breath.
Cyanosis Nail bed blue, not enough oxygen-rich blood. (Especially check after bandaging)
Anaphylaxis Severe allergic reaction, suffocation imminent.
Respiratory distress and Arrest distress is difficulty breathing. Arrest is pulse but no breathing.
Airway Obstructions Anatomical (tongue) and Mechanical (dentures, food etc)
Suction no more than 15 seconds.
For suctioning measure from earlobe to corner of mouth or earlobe to tip of nose.
When Bleeding: Do NOT remove bandages. Put more clean ones on top.
Care for minor internal bleeding or Bruising: Ice the area and elevate (above heart if possible)
Shock = Hypoperfusion Circulatory system fails. Oxygen doesnt get to body. May also be emotional.
First aid will not help. Get them comfortable and seek more advanced help.
First sign of shock: Restlessness and irritability.
Skin = Largest organ of the body.
4 Open Wound types: 1. ABRASION skin scrape 2. LACERATION cut, split apart. 3.
AVULSIONS- skin peeled back. 4. PUNCTURE a piercing. (Leave the object IN.)
Occlusive dressings: Do not breathe. They are like plastic- like for a sucking chest wound.
3 ways for Injury: 1. Direct Force 2. Indirect Force 3. Twisting force.
Aura = Unusual feeling/sensation, hallucination, strange sounds.
Triage = To sort.
Pads go on upper right, lower left (of victim). Some need put onto the victim THEN Plugged in.
Dont use AED on child under EIGHT Yrs or 55 LBS. Once AED Arrives, STOP CPR.
AED shocks the heart in the hopes it will reset the heart to a normal rhythm
For cardiac problems: call EMS first.