1

Mc lc

Mc lc...................................................................................................................... 3
Danh mc cc t vit tt............................................................................................5
Danh mc cc hnh nh.............................................................................................6
Li m u................................................................................................................7
Phn 1: GII THIU V N V THC TP........................................................8
1. S hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty c phn h tng vin thng CMC
(CMC Telecom).....................................................................................................8
2. Qu trnh pht trin ca cng ty c phn h tng vin thng CMC.................8
3. Chc nng, nhim v, c cu t chc b my ca Cng Ty C Phn H Tng
Vin Thng CMC (CMC telecom) chi nhnh min Bc......................................9
4. Lnh vc v c im hot ng ca Cng ty C Phn H Tng Vin Thng
CMC ( CMC telecom)- Chi nhnh min Bc.......................................................11
5. M hnh mng n cc thu bao....................................................................11
Phn 2: NI DUNG TM HIU TRONG QU TRNH THC TP.....................13
NG CU V X L S C CP QUANG...................................................13
1. C s l thuyt.................................................................................................13
1.1 Si quang....................................................................................................13
1.1.1 Cu to si quang.................................................................................13
1.1.2. Phn loi cp quang.............................................................................14
1.1.3 u im ca cp quang.......................................................................16
1.2 My o OTDR............................................................................................17
1.2.1 My o si quang OTDR (Optical Time - Domain Reflectometer).........17
1.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca my o OTDR.................................................17
1.2.3 Phng php o OTDR...........................................................................17
1.2.4 c im c bn ca OTDR....................................................................18
1.2.5 My OTDR Yokogawa AQ1200..............................................................18
1.2.6 Quy trnh s dng my OTDR AQ1200 xc nh im xy ra s c.
1.3 My o cng sut quang.............................................................................22
1.3.1. Gii thiu my o cng sut quang.....................................................22

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1.3.2 Cu to c bn my o cng sut quang JDSU OLP-35.......................22

1.4 My hn si quang......................................................................................23
1.4.1 Gii thiu my hn si quang...............................................................23
1.4.2 Cu to c bn my hn si quang.......................................................23
1.4.3. My hn si quang Fujikura FSM-60S................................................24
2. Thi cng, trin khai cng vic ng cu s c cp quang..................................25
2.1 Phm vi thc hin, nhn lc, cng c, my mc:........................................25
2.2 Quy nh chung trong trin khai.................................................................25
2.3 Dng c s dng trong ng cu s c cp quang.......................................26
2.3.1 Hp dng c........................................................................................26
2.4 Quy trnh hn v u ni cp quang...........................................................28
2.4.1 Lut mu hn ni cp: th c tun th theo lut mu sau:.................28
2.4.2 Cch u ni trn Panel:.......................................................................28
2.4.3 Quy trnh hn si quang........................................................................28
2.4.4 Mt s lu quan trng khi hn si quang:.........................................35
2.5 ng cu v x l s c khng c tn hiu mng ti nh khch hng..........35
Kt lun................................................................................................................... 39
Ti liu tham kho...................................................................................................40

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Danh mc cc t vit tt

STT
1
2
3
4
5

Vit Tt
GOF
POF
SM
MM
OTDR

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Ngha ca t
Glass Optical Fiber
Plastic Optical Fiber
Single Mode
Multi Mode
Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer

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Danh mc cc hnh nh

Hnh 1.1: S c cu t chc b my cng ty CMC Telecom..............................10

Hnh 1.5: M hnh mng n cc thu bao..............................................................11
Hnh 1.1.1 Cu to si quang..................................................................................14
Hnh 1.1.2a Phn loi si quang..............................................................................15
Hnh 1.1.2b Truyn dn tn hiu trn cp quang......................................................16
Hnh 1.2.6.a: Khi ng my o OTDR..................................................................19
Hnh 1.2.6b: Kt ni si quang vo my o OTDR.................................................19
Hnh 1.2.6c: Cc cng kt ni ca my o OTDR AQ1200....................................20
Hnh 1.2.6d: c kt qu o....................................................................................21
Hnh1.3.2 My o cng sut quang JDSU OLP-35.................................................22
Hnh 1.4.3 My hn si quang Fujikura FSM-50S..................................................24
Hnh 2.3.1b Dao ct si quang................................................................................27
Hnh 2.4.3 Quy trnh hn si quang.........................................................................28
Hnh 2.4.3a: Ci t ch cho my hn................................................................29
Hnh 2.4.3b: Lun ng co nhit vo si quang........................................................30
Hnh 2.4.3c: Tut si quang....................................................................................30
Hnh 2.4.3d: Lm sch si quang............................................................................31
Hnh 2.4.3e : Ct si quang.....................................................................................31
Hnh 2.4.3f: a si vo my hn...........................................................................32
Hnh 2.4.3g: Thc hin hn si quang.....................................................................33
Hnh 2.4.3h: Gia c mi hn bng ng co nhit.......................................................34
Hnh 2.5.1 : Kt qu o hin th im t................................................................36
Hnh 2.5.2 C nh cp vo mng xng 4fo............................................................37

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Li m u
Li u tin em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n Ban lnh o v ton th
nhn vin trong cng ty c phn h tng vin thng CMC to iu kin v gip
em trong qu trnh thc tp ti cng ty. Em xin cm n thy gio TS.L Anh
Ngc v cc thy c gio trong khoa in t vin thng trng i hc in lc
lun tn tnh ch bo, gip em trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh trong thi gian
thc tp.
Trong thi gian va qua, em c thc tp ti phng k thut chi nhnh
min Bc ca cng ty c phn h tng vin thng CMC, l khong thi gian v
cng qu bu v b ch vi em. Em c c hi c hc tp, lm vic, vn dng
nhng kin thc hc vo thc t, lm quen dn vi mi trng lm vic bn
ngoi. T nhng tri nhim , em tch ly cho mnh thm nhiu kinh ngim qu
bu, hnh thnh cho mnh nh hng r rng hn v mc tiu, k hoch s thc
hin trong tng lai.
Trong qu trnh thc tp cng nh ni dung bi bo co thc tp ny khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong Ban lnh o, cc anh ch trong cng ty v
cc thy c c th cho em nhng kin ng gp em c th hon thin bn thn
hn na trong hc tp v cng vic.
Sau y em xin trnh by ni dung bn bo co, ni dung bo co gm hai
phn chnh:
Phn 1: Gii thiu v n v thc tp
Phn 2: Ni dung tm hiu trong qu trnh thc tp

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Phn 1: GII THIU V N V THC TP

CNG TY C PHN H TNG VIN THNG CMC TELECOM
1. S hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty c phn h tng vin thng
CMC (CMC Telecom)
Cng Ty C Phn H Tng Vin Thng CMC (CMC Telecom) c thnh
lp vo 5/9/2008 do S K Hoch & u T TP.H Ni cp ng k kinh doanh v
B Thng Tin Truyn Thng cp cc giy php chuyn ngnh vin thng. L mt
n v thnh vin ca tp on cng ngh CMC. L cng ty cn tr v tui i
nhng vi tim lc ti chnh, con ngi v cng ngh. CMC telecom v ang
khng nh v th trn th trng ni a v hng ti th trng khu vc v quc t.
Tn giao dch: Cng Ty C Phn H Tng Vin Thng CMC
Tn vit tt: CMC TELECOM
Chi nhnh H Ni:
Tng 15 ta nh CMC, ng Duy Tn, Cu Giy, H Ni
S 91 Thi H, Trung Lit, ng a, H Ni
Tng 2, s 60, ng Thnh Ho 1, Tn c Thng, ng a, H Ni
in thoi : 04 3767 4688
Fax : +84 4 3767 4686
Email: hn.support@cmctelecom.vn
Webside : cmctelecom.com.vn/
2. Qu trnh pht trin ca cng ty c phn h tng vin thng CMC
Thng 9/2008: Thnh lp.
Thng 2/2009: Th tng c cng vn cho php CMC Telecom c thit
lp h tng mng v cung cp dch v Vin thng c nh v Internet.
Thng 4/2009: B TT&TT cp giy php thit lp mng v cung cp dch
v Internet. K bin bn hp tc ton din vi Cng ty dch v Truyn thanh

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Truyn hnh H Ni (BTS) v chia s h tng v hp tc kinh doanh ni dung

truyn hnh trn a bn TP H Ni.
Thng 5/2009: K bin bn hp tc vi Cng ty C phn Xy lp Bu in
H Ni trong vic trin khai h tng v ngm ha cc tuyn cp.
Thng 6/2009: K bin bn hp tc ton din vi NetNam trong vic chia s
h tng v kinh doanh cc sn phm m 2 bn c th mnh.
Thng 7/2009: K bin bn hp tc vi in lc H Ni trong vic phi hp
u t h tng vin thng trong cc ta nh vn phng.
Thng 4/2009: Chnh thc cung cp dch v GigaNET da trn cng ngh
FTTx GPON u tin ti Vit Nam.
Thng 9/2010: Nhn giy php th nghim mng di ng cng ngh 4G.
Thng 12/2011: K kt hp ng hp tc kinh doanh d n tuyn cp quang
bin APG vi Tp on Vin thng Qun i Viettel v Cng ty C phn vin thng
FPT.
Thng 4/2012: Chnh thc cung cp dch v GigaNET Home - Dch v
Internet trn truyn hnh cp.
Thng 5/2012: M VPOP ti Hng Kng nng cp dung lng quc t ln
2,5G.
Thng 1/2013: Hp nht CMC IT v CMC Telecom. Nng vn iu l ln
250 t ng.
Thng 6/2013: K kt hp tc song phng vi cng ty Vin thng quc t
Telin thuc tp on vin thng Telkom, n v Vin thng hng u ti Indonesia.
Thng 9/2013: Chnh thc ra mt thng hiu VTVnet thng qua hp tc
chin lc vi Tng cng ty Truyn hnh cp Vit Nam - VTVcab.
3. Chc nng, nhim v, c cu t chc b my ca Cng Ty C Phn H
Tng Vin Thng CMC (CMC telecom) chi nhnh min Bc.
Chc nng : cung cp cc dch v H Tng mng internet, dch v d liu v
dch v gi tr gia tng phc v cho nhu cu ca cc t chc, c nhn, trong v
ngoi nc.

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Nhim v : Cng ty c nhim v cung cp cc gii php phn mm v cc

ng dng n gin, hiu qu. To lp mi trng sng to, nng ng, y l ni
quy t nhn ti ca Vit Nam. Cng ty cn ch trng n hp tc vi i tc nc
ngoi cung cp dch v truyn dn cht lng cao trong nc v quc t nh :
IPLC/DPLC, VPN/MPLS, Metro- Ethernet NGN

Hnh 1.1: S c cu t chc b my cng ty CMC Telecom

C cu t chc ca cng ty c b ch hp l v ph hp vi qu trnh sn

xut, cung ng dch v ca cng ty.
B phn lnh o: gim c chu trch nhim nh hng chin lc ch o
cc b phn trong phng ban thc hin cng vic. Chu trch nhim trc tng gim
c v nhng quyt nh v kt qu kinh doanh ca chi nhnh. Ph gim c chi
nhnh v trng cc khi lm nhim v tham mu cho gim c v nhng nh

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hng chin lc chun b ra t gim c chi nhnh nhng chin lc ph

hp vi tnh hnh hot ng hin ti ca cng ty.
4. Lnh vc v c im hot ng ca Cng ty C Phn H Tng Vin
Thng CMC ( CMC telecom)- Chi nhnh min Bc.
CMC Telecom-Chi nhnh min Bc hot ng theo loi hnh Cng ty C
phn, hin tp trung cung cp ti khch hng l cc t chc, doanh nghip, ta nh
vn phng, khu dn c tp trung cc dch v Vin thng Internet cao cp nh:
Dch v internet bng thng rng Giganet
Dchv Internet trn h thng truyn hnh cp Gigahome
Dch v DC/IDC Gigadata
Dch v truyn s liu (trong nc v quc t)
Ni dung s
Dch v gi tr gia tng (VAS).
5. M hnh mng n cc thu bao

Hnh 1.5: M hnh mng n cc thu bao

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Phn 2: NI DUNG TM HIU TRONG QU TRNH THC TP

NG CU V X L S C CP QUANG
1. C s l thuyt
1.1 Si quang
1.1.1 Cu to si quang
Cp quang c cu to gm dy dn trung tm l si thy tinh hoc plastic
c tinh ch nhm cho php truyn i ti a cc tn hiu nh sng. Si quang c
trng mt lp lt nhm phn chiu tt cc tn hiu nh sng v hn ch s gy gp
ca si cp quang.
Si cp quang c cu to t ba thnh phn chnh:
Li (core)
Lp phn x nh sng (cladding)
Lp v bo v chnh (primary coating hay cn gi coating,
primary buffer).
Li c lm bng si thy tinh hoc plastic dng truyn dn nh sng. Bao
bc core l cladding lp thy tinh hay plastic nhm bo v v phn x nh sng
tr li li. Lp v bo v chnh l lp v nha PVC gip bo v li v lp phn x
nh sng khng b bi, m, try xc.
Hai loi cp quang ph bin l GOF (Glass Optical Fiber) cp quang lm
bng thu tinh v POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) cp quang lm bng plastic. POF c
ng knh core kh ln khong 1mm, s dng cho truyn dn tn hiu khong cch
ngn, mng tc thp. Trn cc ti liu k thut, bn thng thy cp quang GOF
ghi cc thng s 9/125m, 50/125m hay 62,5/125m, y l ng knh ca
core/cladding; cn primary coating c ng knh mc nh l 250m.

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Hnh 1.1.1 Cu to si quang

Bo v si cp quang l lp v ngoi gm nhiu lp khc nhau ty theo cu

to, tnh cht ca mi loi cp. Nhng c ba lp bo v chnh l lp chu lc ko
(strength member), lp v bo v ngoi (buffer) v lp o gip (jacket) ty theo
ti liu s c tn gi khc nhau. Strength member l lp chu nhit, chu ko cng,
thng lm t cc si Kevlar. Buffer thng lm bng nha PVC, bo v trnh va
p, m t. Lp bo v ngoi cng l Jacket. Mi loi cp, ty theo yu cu s
dng s c thm cc lp jacket khc nhau. Jacket c kh nng chu va p, nhit v
chu mi mn, bo v phn bn trong trnh m t v cc nh hng t mi trng.
C hai cch thit k khc nhau bo v si cp quang l ng m khng
cht (loose-tube) v ng m cht (tight buffer).
Loose-tube thng dng ngoi tri (outdoor), cho php cha nhiu si quang
bn trong. Loose-tube gip si cp quang gin n trc s thay i nhit , co
gin t nhin, khng b cng, b gp nhng ch cong. Tight-buffer thng dng
trong nh (indoor), bao bc kht si cp quang (nh cp in), gip d lp t khi
thi cng
1.1.2. Phn loi cp quang
Cp quang Single-mode (SM) c ng knh core kh nh (khong 9m), s
dng ngun pht laser truyn tia sng xuyn sut v vy tn hiu t b suy hao v c
tc kh ln. SM thng hot ng 2 bc sng (wavelength) 1310nm,
1550nm.
Cp quang Single-mode truyn c d liu vi khong cch rt xa, c
cc n v vin thng s dng truyn d liu trong h thng ca h. Hin nay cc
dch v vin thng c rt ng o ngi dn s dng nn cc nh cung cp dch
v lin tc phi m rng h thng truyn dn quang ca h c th p ng nhu
cu ca khch hng, do vy lm cho cp quang Single-mode tr nn rt ph
dng, gi thnh h i rt nhiu.

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Cp quang Multi-mode (MM) c ng knh core ln hn SM (khong

50m - 62.5m). MM s dng ngun sng LED (Light Emitting Diode) hoc laser
truyn tia sng v thng hot ng 2 bc sng 850nm, 1300nm; MM c
khong cch kt ni v tc truyn dn nh hn SM.
Cp quang Multi-mode hin nay c s dng rng ri trong cc ng dng
truyn d liu vi khong cch 5Km, thng c cc doanh nghip, c quan s
dng trong cc h thng mng ni b, truyn thng trong cng nghip

Hnh 1.1.2a Phn loi si quang

MM c hai kiu truyn: chit xut bc (Step index) v chit xut lin tc
(Graded index). Cc tia sng kiu Step index truyn theo nhiu hng khc nhau v
vy c mc suy hao cao v tc kh chm. Step index t ph bin, thng dng
cho cp quang POF. Cc tia sng kiu Graded index truyn dn theo ng cong v
hi t ti mt im. Do Graded index t suy hao v c tc truyn dn cao hn
Step index. Graded index c s dng kh ph bin.
Truyn dn tn hiu trn cp quang c hai dng: n cng (simplex) v song
cng (duplex). Simplex truyn tn hiu ch 1 chiu. Duplex c th truyn nhn tn

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14

hiu 1 chiu bn song cng (half-Duplex) hoc c 2 chiu song cng ton phn
(full-Duplex) cng thi im ty theo cch cu hnh.

Hnh 1.1.2b Truyn dn tn hiu trn cp quang

1.1.3 u im ca cp quang
-

Bng thng ln.

Kch thc v trng lng nh do d dng lp t.
Khng b nhiu bi cc tn hin in, in t hoc thm ch c bc x

nh sng.
Tnh cch in: do c lm t thy tinh, khng cha vt cht dn
in nn rt an ton khi s dng trong cc mi trng i hi tnh an

ton cao.
Tnh bo mt cao: do khng th b trch ly trm thng tin bng cc

phng tin in thng thng.

tin cy cao: do cp quang c thit k thch hp c th chu ng
c nhng iu kin v nhit v m khc nghit v thm ch

c th hot ng di nc.
Tnh linh hot: do cc h thng thng tin quang u kh dng cho hu
ht cc dng thng tin s liu, thoi v video. Cc h thng ny u c
th tng thch vi cc chun RS.232, RS422, V.35, Ethernet, Arcnet,
FDDI, T1, T2, T3, Sonet, thoi 2/4 dy, tn hiu E/M, video tng hp

v cn nhiu na.
D dng nng cp khi ch cn thay th thit b thu - pht quang cn h
thng cp si quang vn c th c gi nguyn.

1.2 My o OTDR
1.2.1 My o si quang OTDR (Optical Time - Domain Reflectometer)
My o OTDR cp quang l mt thit b quang t dng kim tra xc nh
c tnh ca si cp quang.

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My o cp quang l my o cc thng s v cp quang nh thng s v

di tuyn cp, im t, v suy hao im hn, suy hao ti cc im un cp, suy hao
ti cc mi ni, mng xng, suy hao u ni, cng sut pht, cng xut thu, nhy,
gc, ng knh si, tn x, nhn bit si quang, o thng mch...
Bn cht ca nguyn l o OTDR l da vo phng php o RADA.
Da vo nguyn l ny ngi ta c th xc nh c di tuyn cp, im
t cp, v cc im suy hao cn xc nh.
1.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca my o OTDR
Ngi ta a vo si cp quang cn kim tra mt dng xung nh sng, xung
nh sng ny chy dc trong si quang khi gp im li n s phn x tr li, ti
im cui ca si mt s phn x tr li mt s phng ra khi si, tn hiu phn x
tr li s s b thay i v lng xung, cn c v thay i lng xung ny kt hp
vi chiu di nh sng pht v thi gian pht xung thit b ny s xc nh c
thng s suy hao v chiu di si. Phng n ny cng ging vi my o TDR
(Time-Domain Reflectometer) cp ng, nhng cp ng l thay i v tr
xut.
1.2.3 Phng php o OTDR
Trong thc t th cc my o OTDR c thc hin hai ch l ch
o ty chnh v ch o t ng. Vic o ty chnh c thc hin bng cch
chng ta t chn rng v bin xung quang bm vo si.
Ch t ng l my s thc hin o 3 ln vi 3 loi xung ly ngu nhin
v dng phng php tnh gn ng a ra kt qu o.
thc hin o quang yu cu ngi cng nhn vn hnh cng phi hiu
bn cht s dng my mt cch tt nht.

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1.2.4 c im c bn ca OTDR
Mt OTDR c rng xung nh sng cng ln th vic o suy hao v phm
vi o s trong phm vi cng rng.
V d nh: Dng mt xung c rng ln s o xc nh c tnh c si
quang c chiu di 100 km, tuy nhin cc s kin o ch xut hin t 1km tr ln,
trong phm vi di 1km s khng xc nh c g. iu ny rt thch hp o c
tnh ca on di nhng vi s kin ngn th khng n cht no. V vy OTDR phi
c di cc xung c th o thay i cc on cn xc nh, on ngn th dng
xung ngn, on di dng xung di hn. Vng m khng xc nh c c tuyn,
khng o c, gi l vng cht - hay vng m s kin.
Vng cht s kin: Vng cht c phn ra thnh 2 loi: 1 l vng cht cho
cc s kin o c do phn x, 2 l vng cht cho s kin o khng do phn x.
V mt l thuyt OTDR s o c tnh si mc chnh xc tt khi phn
mm v b pht xung chun thch anh i km c chnh xc nh hn 0.01%.
1.2.5 My OTDR Yokogawa AQ1200

Hnh 1.2.5 My OTDR Yokogawa AQ1200

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My o OTDR Cp quang Yokogawa AQ1200 l dng sn phm dng cm

tay vi kch thc nh gn, trong lng nh ph hp cho vic lp t v bo dng
cc tuyn cp quang. AQ1200 c thit k nhm n gin ha cng vic o
kim m nng cao hiu qu v vn m bo c chnh xc cho cc kt qu o.

1.2.6 Quy trnh s dng my OTDR AQ1200 xc nh im xy ra s c.

Bc 1: Khi ng my o.
-

Gi phm ngun ca my OTDR my khi ng ln.

i cho my khi ng.
Trong Menu n phm F1 chn chc nng OTDR.

Hnh 1.2.6.a: Khi ng my o OTDR

Bc 2: Kt ni si quang vo my o.

Hnh 1.2.6b: Kt ni si quang vo my o OTDR

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S dng dy quang 1 u SC v 1 u FC
u FC kt ni vo cng OTDR trn my OTDR.
+ Tho np bo v u si quang.
+ M np y Module OTDR o trn my OTDR.
+ Cm u dy quang vo Module. Lu : Cm thng v la sao
cho ny trn u dy quang vo ng khe trn Module.
+ Vn c nh khp ni.
u SC kt ni vi u SC ca thu bao pha t ODF hoc pha
khch hng.
+ La ng rnh v khe ca u cm. y mnh u dy c
nh

Hnh 1.2.6c: Cc cng kt ni ca my o OTDR AQ1200

Bc 3: Ci t ch o
Trc khi o. Ta phi c lng chiu di tuyn quang l bao nhiu.
t cc iu kin thch hp.
-

Trn my o n nt SETUP
i vi o thng thng ta c mt s gi tr cn phi xc nh:
+ Khong cch: tng ng vi tuyn ta nh o. Thng t gi
tr khong cch gp i chiu di tuyn c th xc nh
c im cui ca tuyn.
+ Bc sng: vi khong cch nh ta bc sng 1550nm, vi
khong cch xa (ln hoen 20km ta bc sng 1310nm)
+ rng xung: Thng thng ta Auto.

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o Khi ta thay i khong cch o my s t ng thay i

rng xung.
o rng xung cng ln khong cch o cng xa v
ngc li.
+ Thi gian o (ring vi ch AVG): thi gian o cng lu kt
qu cng chnh xc.
Bc 4: Tin hnh o
-

My AQ1200 c 2 ch o l Real Time v AVG:

AVG l ch o trung bnh. My s o tuyn quang trong thi gian
c ci t bc 2. Sau my s tnh ton kt qu trung bnh ri
hin th trn mn hnh.
Real Time: Kt qu o c cp nht lin tc v hin th trn mn
hnh theo thi gian thc

Bc 5: c kt qu o
`

V d vi ch o AVG:

Hnh 1.2.6d: c kt qu o
Trn th: S im bt u tuyn
E im kt thc tuyn
1,2,3 - Cc Event trn tuyn. C th l cc im t, un
cong hoc im hn ni

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Bng thng s: im E v tr 1.411Km: Tuyn c di 1.411Km

im 2 v tr 0.85Km, Return Loss 57.47dB: v tr 0.85Km c mt im
suy hao 57.47dB (im t)
im 1 v 3 v tr ln lt: 0.45Km v 1.1Km l 2 im suy hao do u
ni.

1.3 My o cng sut quang

1.3.1. Gii thiu my o cng sut quang
My o cng sut quang l loi my dng o, kim tra cng sut hin
c trong si quang, thng qua my ny, ngi s dng bit cng sut hin ti n
im o l bao nhiu, c tn hiu quang trong si hay l khng. T a ra nhn
xt v cht lng ng truyn.
1.3.2 Cu to c bn my o cng sut quang JDSU OLP-35

1. Jack cm si quang Cng

nhn nh sang.
2. Mn hnh hin th kt qu,
bc song v thi lng pin.
3. Cc phm la chn chc
nng: Bc sng, Bc
sng

ng,

(dBm/W), Lu kt qu.

Hnh1.3.2 My o cng sut quang JDSU OLP-35

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1.4 My hn si quang
1.4.1 Gii thiu my hn si quang
My hn si quang l mt thit b dng ni hai si cp quang li vi nhau,
si cp quang ny c dng truyn thng tin.
Hin nay ch yu c nhng loi si quang thng dng sau: SM, MM. y l
nhng loi si c thit k trong truyn thng tin. My hn quang c thit k
ni nhng loi si quang trn.
ni hai si quang thy tinh li vi nhau cn phi nung nng chng ln
trn 1000 hai si ny nng chy v gn li vi nhau. lm c iu ny,
ngi ta dng hai in cc v phng h quang gia hai in cc t nng hai si
quang. l bn cht nguyn l ni hai si cp quang
1.4.2 Cu to c bn my hn si quang
Bn cht ca my hn l ngi ta dng in cc t nng hai si quang, gn
li vi nhau nn chng phi c mt s h thng c bn sau:
-

Bung phng h quang vi hai in cc

H thng gn hai si st nhau chng c th dnh li vi nhau,

h thng ny l h thng quan trng nht ca my, l do l si
quang c ng knh li rt nh c micromet, nn h thng ny
phi c chnh xc rt cao, y l sn phm c kh chnh xc

H thng cm nhn si, o suy hao sau hn, o gn

H thng hin th

Ngoi ra cn phi c PIN i cng trng, dao ct si, dng c

thi cng si.

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1.4.3. My hn si quang Fujikura FSM-60S

Khu vc hn si

Khu vc
nung ng co
nhit

Cc phm setup

Mn hnh hin th

pin

Hnh 1.4.3 My hn si quang Fujikura FSM-50S

My hn si quang Fujikura FSM-60S c sn xut ti Nht Bn bi
Fujikura Ltd. FSM-60S l loi my hn si quang cn chnh li t ng vi giao
din ngi dng thn thin, d s dng, cng vi lp vin cao su chng shock,
chng thm nc v chng bi xm nhm vo bn trong my.
My hn si quang Fujikura FSM-60S thc hin vic hn si quang trong
vng 9 giy v gia nhit ng co nhit 60mm trong vng 30 giy, tng thi gian hn
cp quang v gia nhit ng co nhit ch 39 giy. Ngoi ra FSM-60S c trang b
cc tnh nng mi nh t ng hn ni si quang, t ng gia nhit, t ng xoay
mn hnh theo chiu lm vic, v c th va sc pin va s dng my ng thi
cng mt lc.

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2. Thi cng, trin khai cng vic ng cu s c cp quang.

2.1 Phm vi thc hin, nhn lc, cng c, my mc:
n v thi cng: s thc hin thi cng ko cp t t S2 (Spliter cp 2) n
thit b u cui ti thu bao.
Nhn lc yu cu: ti thiu 2 ngi, c kin thc c bn v, in, mng vin
thng, hiu bit v th cng cp quang...
My mc bao gm: My hn cp quang, my o cp quang (OTDR, PW) v
cc thit b chuyn dng
2.2 Quy nh chung trong trin khai
Trin khai m bo an ton cho ngi v ti sn, cc n v ch ng trong
vic bo m ATL, m bo y bo h lao ng v cc dng c thc hin
cng vic trin khai nh bin bo, dy bng bo hiu, m bo ATGT v sinh mi
trng.
Thi cng xy dng tuyn thng tin cp quang phi tun theo ng n thit
k c ph chun v nhng tiu chun k thut, quy phm, quy chun xy
dng, quy trnh thi cng, n v thi cng khng c t sa i thit k.
Tt c cc loi vt liu trc v sau khi dng vo cng trnh phi c
nghim thu v cht lng v s lng, Kim tra vt t v s v cht lng trc khi
trin khai, m bo y v t yu cu k thut bng vic quan st mt thng
v dng c kim tra chuyn dng.
Cc vt liu s dng trong cng trnh phi tun th theo tng quy nh trong
thit k. Trng hp cn thay i vt liu khc vi n thit k, phi c s
ng ca cp c thm quyn, ch u t.
Ko cp khng trng vng qu quy nh (TCVN2003), D phng cp khng
qu 10% tng chiu di tuyn, ct cp hn ni </= 2m, bn knh un cong nh nht
</=20 ln ng knh cpCht cp ti im u v cui m bo chc chn, lc
cng >/= 1000N
Thc hin cht cp ti cc ct theo quy nh:

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Vi cp trc, ring, gc v phi (8/12/24/48Fo): cht hm y ti mi 2

khong ct bng tam kp hoc colie, cht cp ti cc im r i vi cp treo.
Vi cp thu bao (2/4/6 Fo): thc hin cht cp ti im u v cui v cc
im r, ngc, v im xung t, T
eo bin th cp y .
Cp treo: ti 3 khong ct/bin, ti cc im r ng ba ng t, im cp qua
ng, qua cu cngCp ngm (cng b): treo bin ti mi 2 khong b/bin
Trin khai cp phi theo h thng thang mng cu cp v hng dn ring
nu c, gia c chc chn ti cc im un cong v sp xp ngay ngn.
2.3 Dng c s dng trong ng cu s c cp quang.
2.3.1 Hp dng c

Hnh 2.3.1a Hp dng c

Hp dng c bao gm:
-

My hn si quang
Dao ct si quang
Dao tut v si quang
ng co nhit

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Km ct dy cng lc
Dao dc v si quang
Km ct.
Tuc n vt a nng
Dy tht nha
Bng dnh in, bng dnh giy
Bt vit
Dy nhy cp quang
Giy lau si quang

Hnh 2.3.1b Dao ct si quang

2.4 Quy trnh hn v u ni cp quang

-

2.4.1 Lut mu hn ni cp: th c tun th theo lut mu

Dng - Cam - Lc - Nu - Xm - Trng -

sau:
-

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- en - Vng - Tm - Hng - Xanh l.

2.4.2 Cch u ni trn Panel:

Ta quy nh nh s th t t ngoi vo trong theo chiu tng dn

1,2,3,4
T trn xung di theo th t Spliter.

Ghi s nh du: t 1 8 v 9 16, c nh s r rng trn patch panel.

-

2.4.3 Quy trnh hn si quang

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Hnh 2.4.3 Quy trnh hn si quang

Chun b si v cc dng c cn thit nh:

my hn
km tut si
giy n
dao ct si,
ng co nhit.
Lau sch lp du trn si.
t cc ch trn my hn:
ch hn si auto
Ch nung 60mm
-

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Hnh 2.4.3a:
Ci t ch cho my hn

Tin hnh hn si quang

-

Trc khi hn si, ta un ng co nhit vo mt u si quang.

Hnh 2.4.3b: Lun ng co nhit vo si quang

Bc 1: Tut lp o quang.

Mt tay gi c nh si, mt tay dng km tut, bp cht km tut mt

on t 3-4cm
Lu ng tc tut si cn dt khot.
-

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Hnh 2.4.3c: Tut si quang

Bc 2: Lm sch si quang
Dng giy n ( giy c th tm cn) lau sch b mt si dau khi
tut, ch lau sch u b mt si

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Hnh 2.4.3d: Lm sch si quang

Bc 3: Ct si quang.

a nh nhnh si quang sau khi tut v lm sch vo rnh ca dao ct

si.
Khi si nm trong rnh ca dao ct th gt e gi si xung c nh si
ng lp dao ct v y li dao tin hnh ct si.
Ch trong khi t si vo rnh ca dao ct khng cho u si quang tip
xc vi cc b phn ca dao ct v rt d lm m u si
-

Hnh 2.4.3e : Ct si quang

Bc 4: a si vo my hn.

M lp my hn
a nh nhng si vo rnh my hn sao cho u si vung gc vi ng
thng ni hai in cc ca my v u si cch in cc mt khong nh
(khong 1mm)
ng e gi si xung c nh si
Lm nh trn vi si cn li.
-

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Hnh 2.4.3f: a si vo my hn

- Bc 5: Thc hin hn si
Sau khi t hai si vo my hn, ta ng lp my hn tin hnh hn.
Nu my kim tra thy si khng b bn, vt ct p s t ng hn si.
Sau khi hn xong, my s bo suy hao mi hn. Nu suy hao mi hn nh
hn 0,03dBm v mi hn thng l t yu cu. nu khng t phi tin hnh
hn li t u.
-

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Si sch, vt ct
thng, p

Suy hao t chun,

mi hn thng

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Hnh 2.4.3g: Thc hin hn si quang

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Bc 6: Gia c mi hn bng ng co nhit

Sau khi hn xong, m lp my hn, gt e gi si ln, ko cng si v y

ng co nhit vo.
Ch khi cho ng co nhit vo cn gi cho si c thng, nu cong s b
t si, mi hn c nm chnh gia ng co nhit c bo v tt nht.
a ng co nhit vo khe nung, ng np nung.
Khi en heat bo mu cam l ang tin hnh nung. Khi nung xong s c ci
bo. Ta ly si hn ra.
-

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Hnh 2.4.3h: Gia c mi hn bng ng co nhit

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2.4.4 Mt s lu quan trng khi hn si quang:

V si quang l si thy tinh nn c tnh gin. Trong khi hn si cc thao

tc nn ht sc nh nhng.
Ch trong khi ct si, a si ra khi dao ct khng u si quang chm
vo thnh ca dao hay ri xung t.
Khi t si vo my hn cng nn nh nhng, khng u si tip xc vi
cc b phn ca my v rt d lm m si.
Kh my hn xong, kim tra suy hao mi hn, nu suy hao nh hn 0,03
dBm v si quang phi thng th mi hn t tiu chun. Nu khng t phi
hn li m bo yu cu.
Khi hn si phi tun th th t mu (hn theo th t v cc si cng mu
hn vi nhau): c 12 mu l dng-cam-lc-nu-xm-trng--en-vngtm-hng-xanh l.
-

2.5 ng cu v x l s c khng c tn hiu mng ti nh khch

hng.

Nguyn nhn:
Cp b t.
Cp b gp.
Quy trnh khc phc s c:
Nhn thng tin v khch hng v s c.
Nu bit ng i ca thu bao n t S2 no th n t S2
o. Nu khng c th o t nh khch hng xc nh im xy
ra s c.
S dng my OTDR xc nh im xy ra s c.
Cm dy ni vo my OTDR, thit lp cc thng s ph hp:
Bc sng 1550nm ( nu khong cch ln th bc
sng 1310nm)
di 2km ( ty tng trng hp, di gp 2 ln
d di tuyn cn o)
rng xung: chn auto
Thi gian: chn 10s n 60s ty vo khong cch o.

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Chn ch o Real Time tm s c: kt qu o s tr v lin tc

di dng th.
im t th th s hin ln mt xung dng
im suy hao th th s i xung.
- Chn con tr vo im xy ra s c xc nh v tr
cch im ang o bao xa.
-

Hnh 2.5.1 : Kt qu o hin th im t

Khi xc nh c v tr im t ta tin hnh hn cp ti im t.

Quy trnh hn cp ging nh trnh by phn trn nhng ta dng mng
xng ng 4fo bo v mi hn khi mi trng bn ngoi. Cc bc thc
hin:
M mng xng 4fo, ly thanh c nh si ra.
c l 2 u np ca mng xng lun si quang vo.

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Tut lp v bo v ca cp quang, tut mi si khong 1m, dy

gia cng khong 10-15cm cht vo thanh c nh mi
hn bn trong mng xng.
Lun ng co nhit vo mt u si, tin hnh tut si, lm sch
si, ct si, hn si, nung ng co nhit ( nh quy trnh hn si
trnh by trn)
Khi co nhit xong, i cho ng ngui, ta dng bng dnh
in c nh mi hn vo gia thanh c nh si bn trong
mng xng.
Sau cun u si quang tha thnh cc vng trn, t trong
lng thanh c nh si v qun bng dnh xung quanh cc
si khng b bung ra.
Lun thanh c nh si vo mng xng, y np 2 u v qun
bng dnh trnh nc lt vo.
-

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Hnh 2.5.2 C nh cp vo mng xng 4fo

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Hn cp vo mng xng 4fo xong, ta kim tra li xem tuyn

thng cha, kim tra suy hao, cng sut ri treo cp gn gng p
mt, bo co v cng ty s c v cch khc phc.
-

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Kt lun
-

Trong bi Bo co thc tp ny, bng kin thc c hc,

s tri nghim thc t qua qu trnh lm vic v cc cng vic c giao ti

n v cng vi s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy gio TS.L Anh Ngc v t
pha cng ty, em c hiu bit su sc v cng ty, cc cng vic thc t
hin trng v k nng an ton lao ng. K thc tp ny cho em nhiu
kinh nghim thc t qu bu, n s l hnh trang tt cho em sau ny. Trong
qu trnh hon thnh bo co khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt
mong nhn c s ng gp.ca thy c v qu cng ty em c th hon
thin mnh tt hn na.
-

Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n su sc n Ban gim

c Cng ty C phn h tng vin thng CMC Chi nhnh Min Bc cho em
c hi thc tp v lm vic thc t ti n v, cc anh ch trong Trung tm K

thut chi nhnh H Ni tn tnh hng dn v gip em trong thi gian thc
tp. Cui cng em xin t lng bit n n Thy gio TS. L Anh Ngc, ngi
tn tnh hng dn em trong k thc tp va qua.
-

H Ni, thng 10 nm

2015
-

Sinh vin thc

hin
-

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Ti liu tham kho

1. TS. V Vn San H thng thng tin quang - Tp 1 (2002)

2. TS. V Vn San H thng thng tin quang - Tp 2 (2002)
3. TS Chu Cng Cn Bi ging C s k thut thng tin si quang - i
hc Giao Thng Vn Ti H Ni (2010)
4. Trainning lastmile 2015 CMC Telecom

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