134650

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
Chng 3
PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S

Ni dung:
3.1 Bin i Fourier
3.1.1 nh ngha
3.1.2 Cc tnh cht
3.2 Ph ca mt s tn hiu thng dng
3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng
3.3.2 Ph ca tn hiu c cng sut trung bnh hu hn
3.3.3 Ph ca tn hiu tun hon
3.3 Mt ph
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut
3.3.3 Mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu tun hon
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
9/7/2009

Chng 3
PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S
3.1 Bin i Fourier

3.1.1 nh ngha
X ( ) =
x ( t ) e j t d t
(Bin i thun)
1
x (t ) =
2
X ( ) e j t d
(Bin i ngc)
X() c gi l ph ca tn hiu x(t). K hiu:
F
x(t )
X ( )
Tng qut, ph X() l mt hm phcPhn tch thnh cc ph thnh phn
X ( ) = X ( ) e j ( )
Ph bin
X() = P() + jQ()

Ph thc
Ph pha
Ph o
9/7/2009

Chng 3
PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)
VD1: Hy xc nh v v ph ca tn hiu x(t)
x(t)
A
p dng cng thc bin i Fourier:
X ( ) =
x ( t ) e j t d t
e j t
2
= A .e
d t = A.
j T
T /2
2
s in T
2
= AT .
T 2
-2/T
T
= ATSa
2
T
| X ( ) |= A T S a
2
T /2
j t
??? V ph bin v ph pha

-T/2
T/2
X()
AT
-4 /T
2/T
4 /T
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.1.2 Tnh cht

a. Tnh cht chn l:
Nu x(t) l hm thc :
Quan h:
ph bin |X()|: hm chn

ph pha (): hm l
ph thc Q(): hm chn
ph o P(): hm l
F
x ( t )
X ( );

F
F
x ( t ) X ( ) x ( t )
X ( )
x ( t )
F
X
( )
VD2:
x (t ) = e
1
1( t ) X ( ) =
+ j
1
x ( t ) = e 1( t ) X ( ) =
j
t
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

b. Tnh cht tuyn tnh:
Nu
th
F
F
x1 (t )
X 1 ( ); x2 (t )
X 2 ( )
F
a1 x1 (t ) + a2 x2 (t )
a1 X ( ) + a2 X 2 ( ), a1 , a2
V d 3: Xc nh ph ca tn hiu sau:
x(t ) = 3e
2e
3 t
a1 = 3 & a2 = 2
2
6
12
t
F
X ( ) =
x1 (t ) = e X 1 ( ) =
2
2
2
1
1
9
+
+
+
t
F
x2 (t ) = e X 2 ( ) = 9 + 2
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

c. Tnh cht i ngu:
x ( t ) X ( ) X ( t ) 2 x ( )
d. Tnh cht thay i thang o:
t
x ( t ) X ( ) x ( ) a X ( a ); a 0;
a
V d 4:
T
Sa
(
)
T
T
Sa
(
); a = 1 / 3
3
6
3 T
t
); a = 3.
3T Sa (
2
3T
t
T
3t

T
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

e. Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min thi gian:
x (t ) X ( ) x (t t 0 ) X ( ) e
j t0
f. Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min tn s:
x(t )e j0t X ( 0 )
x(t ) X ( )
j0t
X ( + 0 )
x(t )e
Tnh cht iu ch
1
x ( t ) cos( o t ) [ X ( o ) + X ( + o ) ]
2
1
x ( t ) sin( o t )
[ X ( o ) X ( + o ) ]
2j
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

V d 5: Cho x(t) c ph nh hnh v. V ph ca tn hiu y(t)=x(t).cos0t ?
Y()
X()
1/2
-0
g. Tnh cht tch chp:
x ( t ) y ( t ) X ( )Y ( )
x
(
t
)
y
(
t
)
[ X ( ) Y ( )]
2
*** nh ngha tch chp: x ( t ) y ( t ) =
K hiu tch
chp
+
x (t ') y (t t ')d t '
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.2 Ph ca mt s tn hiu thng dng:

3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng:
a. Xung vung:
t
T
TSa( )
2
X()
T
-2/T
x(t)
1
TSa(T/2)
2/T
t
-T/2
T/2
0
-4/T
4/T
9/7/2009

Chng 3
3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):

b. Xung tam gic:
t
2 T
T Sa (
)
2
T
1 x(t)
T
X()
Sa2(T/2)
-2/T
0 -T
-4/T
2/T
4/T
9/7/2009
10

Chng 3

c. Hm Sa:
Sa(0t )
2
0
0
X()
x(t)
Sa(0t )
/ 0
/0
-/0
t
0
-2/0
-0
2/0
9/7/2009
11

Chng 3

d. Hm Sa2:

Sa (0t )
0 20
2
/ 0
x(t)
X()
Sa2(0t)
-2/0 -/0
0 /0
2/0
0-20
20
9/7/2009
12

Chng 3

e. Hm m:
1
e u (t )
, > 0
+ j
t
Hm x(t) khng chn ph X() hm phc
| X ( ) |=
; ( ) = arctg
2 +2
9/7/2009
13

Chng 3

f. Hm e-|t|:
2
2
+ 2
9/7/2009
14

Chng 3
3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn:

a. Hm (t):
x(t)
(t ) 1
(t)
0
b. Hm x(t)=1:
x(t)
1 2 ( )
0
X()
X()
2
9/7/2009
15

Chng 3
3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn:

a. Hm u(t):
1
u (t ) ( ) +
j
|X()|
x(t)
0
9/7/2009
16

Chng 3
3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn (tt):

d. Hm ej0t:
j 0 t
2 ( 0 )
Chng minh:
X()
1 2 ( )
1 e j0t 2 ( 0 )
2
0
Tnh cht dch

trong min tn s
9/7/2009
17

Chng 3
d. Hm ej0t (tt):
C os ( 0 t ) { ( 0 ) + ( + 0 )}
x(t)
1
6
2 0
-1
X()
-0
Sin ( 0 t ) j { ( 0 ) + ( + 0 )}
x(t)
1
1 1
2 0
7
2 0
3
2 0
2 0
-1
|X()|
5
2 0
9
2 0
-0
0
9/7/2009
18

Chng 3
3.2.3 Ph ca tn hiu tun hon:

Cho x(t) l tn hiu tun hon vi chu k T.
Dng khai trin Fourier dng phc:
+
x(t ) =
n =
trong :
Xn =
1
T
t0 + T
X ne
jn0t
2
; 0 =
T
x(t )e jn0t dt ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
(*)
(**)
t0
9/7/2009
19

Chng 3
3.2.3 Ph ca tn hiu tun hon (tt):

Ph ca tn hiu tun hon c dng:
X ( ) = 2
n =
X n ( n 0 )
Chng minh: p dng cng thc:

thc (*) trn.
e j 0 t 2 ( 0 )
cho biu
Cch xc nh h s Xn:
Cch 1: s dng cng thc (**)
Cch 2: i. Xt tn hiu xT(t) trong mt chu k T, t[t0,t0+T].
ii. Xc nh XT() dng bin i Fourier cho xT(t).
iii. Xn = XT(n0)/T.
9/7/2009
20

Chng 3

a. Ph ca dy xung vung n cc:
x(t)
A
T = 5
-T
-/2 /2
V x(t) l tn hiu tun hon, nn ph c dng:
X ( ) = 2
n =
X n ( n 0 )
Xc nh h s ph Xn:
9/7/2009
21

Chng 3
a. Ph ca dy xung vung n cc (tt):

1
=
T
= A
T /2
T /2
1
jn 0 t
x (t )e
dt =
T
S a n 0
= A
Cch 2:
t
Ta c : xT (t ) = A
/2
A e jn 0 t d t
/2
S a n
X T ( ) = A Sa( )
2
A Sa (
n 0
)
2
X T ( n 0 )
=
T
T
A
n 2
n
) = A Sa (
)
=
Sa (
2T
T
T
T
Xn =
9/7/2009
22

Chng 3
a. Ph ca dy xung vung n cc (tt):

Suy ra, biu thc ph:
X ( ) = 2
n =
Sa ( n
X()
-6/
) ( n 0 )
T=5
2A/5
2/
4/
0
2/T
9/7/2009
23

Chng 3

b. Ph ca phn b lc:
1 t
x(t ) = |||
T T
x(t)
1
t
-2T
-T
2T
V x(t) l tn hiu tun hon, nn ph c dng:
X ( ) = 2
n =
X n ( n 0 )
Xc nh h s ph Xn:
9/7/2009
24

Chng 3
b. Ph ca phn b lc (tt):
Xn
1
=
T
1
=
T
T /2
1
jn 0 t
=
x
t
e
d
t
(
)
T
T /2
T /2
( t ) e jn t d t =
0
T /2
1 t jn 0 t
dt
||| e
T
T
T /2
T /2
1
T
Cch 2:
Ta c : xT (t ) = (t ) X T ( ) = 1
Xn =
X T ( n 0 ) 1
=
T
T
9/7/2009
25

Chng 3
b. Ph ca phn b lc (tt):
Suy ra, biu thc ph:
2
X ( ) = 2 X n ( n0 ) =
T
n =
+
Nh vy:
( n )
0
n =

1
t
|||
|||
T
T
0
X()
0
-20
-0
20
9/7/2009
26

Chng 3

V d 6: Xc nh ph ca tn hiu tun hon sau:
x(t)
-T/2
-2T
0 T/2
2T
Hng dn:
t
xT (t ) = A
/
2
T
X T ( ) =
AT 2 T
Sa ( )
2
4
AT 2 n0T
Sa (
)
A
n
2
4
Xn =
= Sa 2 ( )
2T
4
4
n
X ( ) = 2 X n ( n0 ) =
Sa ( ) ( n0 )
2 n =
4
n =
+
9/7/2009
27

Chng 3
3.3 Mt ph:
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng ESD (Energy Spectrum Density)
c trng cho phn b nng lng tn hiu trong min tn s
( ) = X ( )
Quan h gia ESD v hm t tng quan:
( ) ()
F
( ) =
( ) e j d
,ngha l:
1
( ) =
2
j
(
)
e
d
nh l Parseval v nng lng:

+
1
x (t ) d t =
2
2
( )d
9/7/2009
28

Chng 3
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng ESD (tt)

Cc cch tnh nng lng ca mt tn hiu:
T nh ngha:
+
Ex =
x (t ) d t
T hm t tng quan:
Ex = (0)
T nh l Parseval :
1
Ex =
2
( )d
9/7/2009
29

Chng 3
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng ESD (tt)

V d 7: Cho tn hiu sau. Hy xc nh () v Ex ?
1
x(t ) = e u (t ) X ( ) =
+ j
t
1
1
( ) = X ( ) =
= 2
+ j
+ 2
2
Tnh nng lng:
Ex =
1
2
1
=
2
( )d
()
1/2
1
1
2 + 2 d = 2
??? Cch khc

9/7/2009
30

Chng 3
3.3 Mt ph:
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut PSD (Power Spectrum Density)
c trng cho phn b cng sut tn hiu trong min tn s
T ( )
( ) = lim
T
T
,trong :
t
xT (t ) = x(t )
T
T()
xT(t)
F
Quan h gia PSD v hm t tng quan:
( ) ()
F
nh l Parseval v cng sut:
1
P x = li m
T T
T /2
T /2
1
xT (t ) d t =
2
2
( )d
9/7/2009
31

Chng 3
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut PSD (tt)

Cc cch tnh cng sut ca mt tn hiu:
T nh ngha:
1
P x = li m
T T
T /2
xT (t ) d t
T /2
T hm t tng quan:
Px = (0)
T nh l Parseval :
Px =
1
2
( )d
9/7/2009
32

Chng 3
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut PSD (tt)

V d 8: Cho tn hiu sau. Hy xc nh PSD v Px ?
t
t T / 4
xT (t) = u(t) =
T
T/2
T T
X T ( ) = Sa
2 4
jT /4
e
t
T
-T/2
u(t)
T/2
T 2 2 T
T ( ) = X ( ) =
Sa
4
4
2
)
T
2 T
( ) = lim T
Sa
= lim
= ( )
T
T 4
T
4
Tnh cng sut:
1
Px =
2
1
( )d =
2
1
( ) d = 2
9/7/2009
33

Chng 3
3.3.3 Mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu tun hon:

Ph ca tn hiu tun hon:
+
X ( ) = 2
n =
X n ( n 0 )
PSD ca n c dng:
( ) = 2
n =
X n ( n 0 ) = 2
2
n =
n ( n 0 )
nh l Parseval i vi tn hiu tun hon:
1
Px =
2
( )d =
n =
| X n |2
Cch tnh cng sut Px: (tng t phn 3.3.2)
9/7/2009
34

Chng 3
3.3.3 Mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu tun hon (tt)

V d 9: Cho tn hiu sau x(t)=cos0t. Hy xc nh PSD v Px ?
X ( ) = A ( ( 0 ) + ( + 0
))
A
A
= 2 ( 0 ) +
( + 0 )
2
2
A2
A2
( ) = 2
( 0 ) +
( + 0 )
4
4
Tnh cng sut:
A2
A2
A2
Px = n =
+
=
4
4
2
n =
hoc:
1
Px =
T
A2
A cos 0 tdt =
2
2
9/7/2009
35

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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S

3.1 Bin i Fourier

X() c gi l ph ca tn hiu x(t). K hiu:

Tng qut, ph X() l mt hm phcPhn tch thnh cc ph thnh phn

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

X() = P() + jQ()

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

VD1: Hy xc nh v v ph ca tn hiu x(t)

p dng cng thc bin i Fourier:

??? V ph bin v ph pha

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.1.2 Tnh cht

ph bin |X()|: hm chn

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

f. Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min tn s:

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)

g. Tnh cht tch chp:

x (t ') y (t t ')d t '

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2 Ph ca mt s tn hiu thng dng:

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):

Hm x(t) khng chn ph X() hm phc

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu

PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)

3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn:

Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu