Exercise 2.

3
1.Answer

[There are three different methods of division of polynomials; long division (the one which
we are following), detached coefficient method (its nothing but long division without
coefficients and synthetic method (which can be used only when the divisor is a monic
polynomial, usually linear), But whatever the method, first of all arrange both dividend
and divisor in the general form, I strongly advise not to follow the textual method of
leaving space for the missing term instead provide the missing term by putting its
coefficient as 0. JJ]
(i) p(x) = x3 3x2 + 5x 3, g(x) = x2 2 = 2 0 2
3

2 0 2

3 3 2 + 5 3
3 0 2 2
+

3 2 + 7 3
3 2 + 0 + 6
+

() = 3

() = 7 9

7 9

(ii) p(x) = x4 3x2 + 4x + 5 = 4 + 0 3 3 2 + 4 + 5,

g(x) = x2 + 1 x = 2 + 1
2 + 1

2 + 3

4 + 0 3 3 2 + 4 + 5
4 3 2
+

3 4 2 + 4
3 2 +
+

3 + 3 + 5

3 2 + 3 3
+

() = 2 + 3
() = 8

(iii) p(x) = x4 5x + 6 = 4 + 0 3 + 0 2 5 + 6
g(x) = 2 x2 = 2 + 0 + 2
2 + 0 + 2

2 + 0 2

4 + 0 3 + 0 2 5 + 6
4 + 0 3 2 2
+

+2 2 5 + 6
2 2 + 0 4
+

Quotient = -x2 -2 and remainder -5x +10

5 + 10

() = 2 2
() = 5 + 10

2. Answer
i) p(x) = 2 4 + 3 3 2 2 9 12
g(x) = 2 3 = 2 + 0 3

2 + 0 3

2 2 + 3 + 4

2 4 + 3 3 2 2 9 12
2 4 + 0 3 6 2
+

3 3 + 4 2 9
3 3 0 2 9
+

4 2 + 0 12
4 2 + 0 12
0

() = 0, g(x) is a factor of p(x).

() = 2 2 + 3 + 4

() = 0

(ii) p(x) =3 4 + 5 3 7 2 + 2 + 2
g(x) = 2 + 3 + 1
2 + 3 + 1

3 2 4 + 2

3 4 + 5 3 7 2 + 2 + 2
3 4 + 9 3 3 2

4 3 10 2 + 2
4 3 12 2 4
+

2 2 + 6 + 2

() = 3 2 4 + 2

2 2 + 6 + 2

() = 0, g(x) is a factor of p(x).

() = 0

(iii) p(x) = 5 + 0 4 4 3 + 2 + 3 + 1
g(x) = 2 3 + 1
2 3 + 1

3 + 3 2 + 4 + 10

5 + 0 4 4 3 + 2 + 3 + 1
5 3 4 + 3

+3 4 5 3 + 2
+3 4 9 3 + 3 2

+4 3 2 2 + 3

+4 3 12 2 + 4

() 0, g(x) is not a factor of p(x).

() = 3 + 3 2 + 4 + 10

() = 29 9

+10 2 + 1

+10 2 30 + 10
+

29 9

3.Answer

You can do the division of

= (5/3) = (5/3).
5

p(x)with 2 3also; but its

ie. and + are factors of p(x)

5

0 with LCM=3 .To get

g(x) = 3 2 5 and do the
division.

+ = 2 = 0
3

() = 3 2 5 = 3 2 + 0 5
() ()

3 2 + 0 5

2 + 2 + 1

3 4 + 6 3 2 2 10 5
3 4 + 0 3 5 2

+6 3 + 3 2 10
+6 3 + 0 2 10
+

+3 2 + 0 5

+3 2 + 0 5
0

() = 3 2 4 + 2 = ( + 1)2
Therefore, + 1 = 0
= 1

advisable to multiply 2 =

() = 3 2 4 + 2

() = 0

Hence, the zeroes of the given polynomial are , , 1 1.

3

4. Answer

Dividend= () = x3 - 3x2 + x + 2
Quotient= () = x - 2
Remainder= () = -2x + 4
Divisor = ()

= +
( ) = ( ) ( ) + ()
( ) =

x3 - 3x2 + x + 2 = (x - 2) g(x) + (-2x + 4)

x3 - 3x2 + x + 2 - (-2x + 4) = (x - 2) g(x)
x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 2 = (x - 2) g(x)
g(x) = (x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 2)(x - 2)
By synthetic division
+2

( )(0
()

1 3 + 3 2

0 + 2 2 + 2

5. Answer
(i)

1 1 + 1 + 0

() = 2 + 1

() = 0

() = () () + ()
Since deg p(x) = deg q(x), p(x) has to be divided by a zero degree
polynomial. We can assume p(x) as a polynomial of any degree.

Let p(x) = 10 2 30 + 10,

q(x) = 5 2 15 + 5 and

Verification:

and

r(x) = 0

g(x) = 2, then

() = () () + ()

10 2 30 + 10 = 2(5 2 15 + 5) + 0

=10 2 30 + 10 . Hence, verified.

(ii) Let p(x) = 10 2 3,

q(x) = 5 1 and
Verification:

and

r(x) =

g(x) =2, then

() = () () + ()

10 2 3 = 2(5 1) + ()
=10 2 2 + ()

= 10 2 3. Hence, verified

(iii) The very first example can be used here also; there the remainder is a
zero polynomial of zero degree.
() = () () + ()
Since deg p(x) = deg q(x), p(x) has to be divided by a zero degree polynomial.
We can assume p(x) as a polynomial of any degree.
Let p(x) = 10 2 30 + 10,
q(x) = 5 2 15 + 5 and

Verification:

and

r(x) = 0

g(x) = 2, then

() = () () + ()

10 2 30 + 10 = 2(5 2 15 + 5) + 0

=10 2 30 + 10 . Hence, verified.

There are important questions among Optional questions. The same

shall be uploaded later. JJ