UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA

Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniera

DE CIENCIAS BASICAS

DIVISION

Nonexistence of perpetual motion machines

Alcantara Nagamatsu Natsumi Itzel, Koffroth Cardenas Clark

Introduction
Since their establishment back in the 1900s, the implications of the laws of thermodynamics have been
extensively studied. One of the most common deductions is related to the first and second law, that
refer to the conservation of energy and the overall increase of entropy in a system over time, respectively.
Out of the many consequences of both of these principles, one that has caught the attention of scientists
for years is the non-existence of perpetual motion machines, which are theoretical devices that can do
work infinitely without an external input of energy. The primary target of this project is to verify and
explain this last affirmation with an analysis of the laws of thermodynamics, including the problem
of Maxwells Demon, one of the most troubling approaches of energy exchanges, given its apparent
opposition to the second law. Additionally, the construction of some perpetual motion machines based
on ideal designs and its failure to function as proposed in the experimental demonstration of the basic
principles of thermodynamics. The procedures performed act as proof that validate the first and second
law, therefore rejecting the possibility of creating a perpetual motion machine outside a completely
isolated environment. In this demonstration we will begin explaining it by a simple Newtons cradle
so we can approach the laws of thermodynamics with simple classical mechanics. Saying this, we will
further explain where does all the energy goes to starting by implying that the motion is a perfectly
elastic collision so it conserves all its energy compared to what is obtained experimentally.