ME 362

Turbomachinery Eulers Equation

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Centrifugal Pump:
W2

V2
V2

2
2
Flow Direction

U2
W1
1

V1
1

Subscript:
1 - inlet
2 - exit

V1

U1

Velocity Triangle:

Vr

circumferential speed of impeller ( U r )

velocity tangent to blade
surface

absolute velocity ( V U W )
radial component of V
circumferential component of V
blade angle

U:
W:
V:
Vr:
V:
:

To construct a velocity triangle:

radial

Draw U tangent to the rotor

Draw W tangent to the blade surface
Draw V

circumferential

ME 362

Turbomachinery Eulers Equation

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Euler Turbomachine Equation:

Shaft torque:

Tshaft Q r2V 2 r1V 1

Brake horsepower:

bhp QU 2V 2 U 1V 1

Note:

Eulers equation is valid for both pump and turbine

bhp is the power required to drive shaft of pump (bhp > 0)

or
the power required to deliver to shaft of turbine (bhp < 0)

Pump vs. Turbine:

2
Pump

U2 (exit) > U1 (inlet)

V2 (exit) > V1 (inlet)

bhp > 0

U2 (exit) < U1 (inlet)

V2 (exit) < V1 (inlet)

bhp < 0

1
Turbine

Pump Performance Characteristics:

Water horsepower:

Pw gQH

Pump efficiency:

Pw
(1)
bhp

where

Pw:
H = hs - hL:
hs:
hL:

power delivered to fluid

available head
shaft work head
head loss

ME 362

Turbomachinery Eulers Equation

Pump in Ideal Flow Condition:

Ideal flow condition: = 1 (no head loss) and V1 = 0 (maximum bhp)

Velocity triangle at the inlet:

W1
V1

radial

1
U1

circumferential

U 1 r1
Vr1 V1 U 1 tan 1

Q1 2r1bVr1

(b = blade height)

Velocity triangle at the exit:

V2

Vr2
V2

W2

radial

U2

circumferential

Vr2cot2
U 2 r2
Q2 2r2 bVr 2 Q1

Vr 2

Q2
2r2 b

V 2 U 2 Vr 2 cot 2

U 2V 2
g

Ideal head:

Hi

Maximum power:

bhp Pw gQH i QU 2V 2

( = 1)

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ME 362

Turbomachinery Eulers Equation

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Examples:
Problem 1 (Pump):
Given pump geometry and specifications on the figure below. Assume ideal flow
condition. Find the power required to drive it.

0.75
55
V1

= 1.94 slugs/ft3
Q = 0.25 ft3/s
= 960 rpm

4 12
960 rpm
0.25 ft3/s

Problem 2 (Turbine):
A water turbine with radial flow has the dimensions shown below. The absolute entering
velocity is 50 ft/s, and it makes an angle of 30 with the tangent to the rotor. The absolute
exit velocity is directed radially inward. The angular speed of the rotor is 120 rpm. Find
the power delivered to the shaft of the turbine.

V1
30

V2

r2

r1

V1 = 50 ft/s
= 120 rpm
r1 = 2 ft
r2 = 1 ft
b = 1 ft
= 1.94 slug/ft3