Ellem Consulting

Social Norms Integration in

CLTS

Giacomo Sillari;Lillian Mbeki

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NORMATIVE EXPECTATIONS
(What everyone thinks everyone
else should do)

The community is expected to

participate; in village selection
Analyze existing normative
expectations
Start with normative expectations
with positive sanctions, or mild
negative sanctions
Assess negative sanctions by
asking villagers what happens if
Use social marketing (behavior
change communication) to foster
common knowledge of
expectations:
Promotional channels- e.g.

EMPIRICAL EXPECTATIONS,
(What everyone thinks others do)
COMMON KNOWLEDGE
(When everyone knows that everyone
knows, that everyone knows)
- Mobilization and sensitization:
Pick individuals that will help spread
the CLTS message
Study the characteristics of
communities (e.g seasonal
Pledge (at the end of discussion
and deliberation process); done by
hand-raising, in some communities
shouts/acclamation;
Identify the initiator
Have committee/natural leaders give
people in the village reminders
about the pledge contributing to its
publicity (e.g. people going with a
megaphone, )

NETWORK ANALYSIS

Discover network of trust

Identify central nodes other then
formal leaders (chiefs etc.) and
hubs

Identify social networks while

building rapport during
mapping exercise

Use the committee to identify

networks and important nodes in
them
Create networks of users of
improved sanitation and make