ii | INTRODUGTION To i COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE SS N ey MODELING: AND SIMULATION FOR THE SCIENCES a ye | WO ieeluleMsinenarccorten ASIMODULE 1.7 Overview of Computational Science Many sigaltean aplid and basic research question in ins today a inerdis ciplnary in nature, ivoving physiea andr bolgiealsienes, mathematic, and computer science. For example, Nature repo that John Ks che exeesve of Brisia's Naural Eavironment Research Coun, consider the the envionment “require "new bred of scents, pd ew way of problem solving th et css ‘ronal dscipines” and that Britain expects & shortage of “envionment cen ss with material, computational and statisti "(Masood 198) ‘The Human Genome Project “has creed the noe for new hinds of scenic specialists who canbe cea the interface of logy ane disp, sch 3: computer science, enacting. mathemaics, physic. chemist, and te oil Sciences AS the popularity of genomic reseatch incase, the demand fortes pe ialss geal exceeds the suppl... Tere san ugh ae to tain moe scien ‘is in oeriseiptinary areas that can combate o genomes” asoring wo Frans Collis anal nSeence (Coins eal. 1998) ‘Comptational sence is a fast-growing interdisspinary Rell th is the in temecton of the seienees. computer scene, and mathematics. Tare fa tits ned for sciewists who tate 3 song background in compton! sien, Mach Scie invesigation ow lavolves computing as wel a theory ahd expen Computing ca often silat the sight and understanding that theory and exper ‘meat aloe eat chit. “This fel af computational scence combines computer ximulton, scenic istalzaton,mathemodcal modeling. computer programming and data scutes. ecworking,dabase design, symbolic computation and high performance com puting with various scientine siplines. Computer simulation aod modeling oer "alae approsches to problems in mary areas, asthe following examples incl, 1, Sciemiss at Los Akos National Labratary andthe Univers of Min- sot wre, "mathematical modeing has impacted our understanding of FIV pathogenesis, Before wodsling Was brought bear fn eros mane AIDS was tough to bea slow disease in which eaten could be dled uri symptoms appeared. pd paints were not movitored very agressive. IntheMedule1.1 lage, mubicentr AIDS ctor sti ied at monitoring the natal isory (rine eae lon ypcally as drum every sk ons. There was pooe eeesandng ofthe solic! process that were responsibe forthe observed [Ente of iin the laod andthe apt at whic the vires Brame dr = ‘ows Moving, cespled wih advances sa technology, bs chnged all of {he Dynamic sodting vot enly has reveled portant features of HIV athogencis ut has advaned He drug treatment regime for AIDS patents {Parlson nd Naso 199). 2. Bocing Aine eniners completely designed The Rocing 777 flier ws ing tee dimensonl computer papi. "Peasemby” ofthe aipane onthe resputr at cvery sage of the design proces eliminated the neces of & only, facile mocap snd redoed evo, adjustments, and revisions by $0 ewe Boeing. Te pts hat By these ad eke Ire planes tren on So atre, compu Right simulators which enable he ils opaticedel- Trg with dangerous tuations, such s engine ie and wind sea. 4. From the 1960s, mei weather preletion hs eoltonzed frecat- Th, Stee then, fowcasting has inrovedske-y-sde with he evlaion of ‘Shpotngecolory. and vances computing cominue to drive bet foe- thing weuter rarer develey improved pumercal odes" Pista Supercomputing Contes 200). 4. Researchers athe University of Washington's Schoo of Fisheries are em ticying mathcraticl medling to examine he impact on sh survival ofthe rmotal af four damon the lower Snake River. Another tama the Univer Uy oF Tennesse’ insite for Environmental Modeling is wing compat Final ecology To stdy complex options for ecological management of the [Brerlades Louis Gross, Director ofthe Instiut, sy tat “computations {cebnoogy coupled wih ahem and ecology willy an verinresing {olen gearing val infomation society neds to ak ough decison about itsurowndings (Hey et). 5. A gmap of engtcers and computer sient t Caregie Maton Univesity ud sssmotog om the Univesity of Souter Califia and the National Unicray of Mesto is bug tssaimensional compe simon of {ground motion daring earthquakes to pret how seas, seh the Greater EoeAngles Basin wl behave during svc a dsatr Using powesol paral proceing compe system, ope simulation indiested a complex pate of Ei ground mesce ith some ses experiencing nine times greater motion thor cab Wilh .h nfrmaton slot ean predic be damage in an res (Pisburgh Superenpting Center 1997). Seale, Washington is apxher rea fone to carhguaes The Nationa Tsunami Hazard Miigation Progra hs civ simulation modeling effort oases the Razards of tsunami threats “Sher casas ithe Page Sound region so that officials ca lan and it- {ut te Gangers Koshi and Mote 2001). With computations! models ‘heey hnve suid the esonomic impact of disruption to te water supply faused by an ealguake inthe Parad, Oregon region apd appropri re- Sones omninimin the consequences (Rose and Lb