{sthe amaurt of heat that must be sbsarbell of lost for one gram ofa substance te ‘hamge Hs temperature by HC. “Taree-fourths ofthe cart Is eavered ‘by water. The water serves a 1 large heatsink responsible for: 1 Prevention of temperatere ‘Actitions that are outed the range suitable for ie. 2. Coastal areas having u mild climate Density of Water + Mast dense at + Cameracts wat C + Espana rom 41C to ‘water rckeases heat tothe water below creating Insulation. 3. Makes transiian between season less abrupt. Solvent for Life + Soliton soe + Aqueous solaton + Hydropnitic + Hydoghotic Nona conpeuas| ‘Concentration of a Solution: rar mec (alts) * Make= enment of sbetaoc ve weg at atoms Evaporative Cooling + Thecoolng of a PE sirice cevurs when & the guid evsportor When water reaches FC, water bacomes lacked into 1 crystline ltice with each molecule bonded to 10 the makinam of four parners ‘As ioe sae me, some ofthe hy break and some water mols can si loser together thn they can wei tho ie state, Ices abou 10% ess dense than water at °C Most inyolye solutes dissolved in water. + There are two important ‘quantitative proprieties of aqueous solutions. Coneentration 2. pH meer osaren yea water Calculate one malar sation of suerose, Cals: Ismet wert 16 Fora 2M lan? a or 05M sett or. Moottion?ee ee ae T Oveuomaly abtdroge con vase by or seater olectts hfs fmm ne molec othe othe Tepe som eves inten bin ads Trunerod arse poem erga tn (1, Tuswins scheuk al soso mrs tro fon Thewacr . . Bp. mearen BQ — B tect pe oe is ahydronum sii wat = Acids and Bases seceptang hydrogen ios ca - totam ante |g Seaoo Problem How much greater isthe | H* Jin 2 solution with pET 2 than in a solution with pit 6? Answer: pH of 2=[ H*| of 1.0 x 102=1/100M pH of 6= [11° | of 1.0. 104= 1/1,000.000M 10,000 times greater © Asimpler way (0 vlew ths process Is dat ‘water molecule dissociates into a hydrogen, fon and a hydroxide ion: 10> 1" +0 + This reaction is reversible, + Atequilibriam the concentration of water, molecules greaily exceeds that of HY and, On. = In pure water only one water moleculein ‘every $54 million is dissociated. At equilibrium, the concentration of > or OH is 10°M 25°C). pH Scale The pH scale i 1H) (08) + Measures the depree of acidity (0 14) + Most biologie fluid are i the pH range fiom 6~§ + Each pH unit represents tenfold difference (scale is logarithmic) ‘Asal change in pt actualy indica a subtantal change'm HY and OF conconttionsPolarity of Water elec 9 yr at Sem abe pac anoles mech eae ‘tom Give vatermere rte tee tig Senden he april ep cage Tendon esirinennie ijn cee ‘ponte eof he mcd with ome che HYDROGEN BONDS that are area uthydengen + Surface tension, a measure of the force necessary to stotch or break the surfice of 1 liquid, is related to cotesion, ‘Water has a greater surface tension than mest other igus because hydrogen bonds among surface iter molecules rvs stretching or heeaking the surice ‘ater behaves a if overol by an iavisble fie. Some animals can stand. walk, oun on wer ‘without breaking the SE ta + Water has a variety of unusual properties hcause of attractions between these polar molecules, The slightly negative epios of one molecule are aqwacted 10 the signlly postive regions of neay ‘molecules. forming a hydrogen bor. Each water moecule can form hyerogen bonds with wp 0 four neihbors Organisms Depend on Cohesion Hydrogen bonds hold the substance together, » phenomenon called cohesion Ccomaton i espesie forthe UE sino iets in — playa ey tte ne easpert. Steins rv pan Aeon ging ‘ater comics Moderates Temperatures on Earth ‘ue sunt semper y sbi Hf ferdperp rena Teut cn ch racer NOS hme ioe bat inayat ane nits eoperere, (Cehiu SealeatSea Level What iskinctic energy? Yoo Water ate + Temperature? ITC Human tody + Calorie? nperatre + What isthe ditference 2"C Room temperate” net and Ca + What isspecific heat?