9. Record Bases and Occlusion eo Rims ol thay ws one Ey resent. they are Fike manlotandibnesfeadene Ta inthe le considered, keep it in fe proper er to the ort. jo caesar ic | bases to’am silo n and very materia that dimensional chang ‘erro mnufotre nth shes SFR ya maya bon ama" te fart the shotac ened sate the O08 ru Alier burden yoothed but a8 a ‘material isin in removed w the borders are take i ‘ikoug abla couiy and quickly adopted, ta conaered wast foot accurately itor wo. ‘iy, become br und oaks, wt no perl polhing tthe bor Reivroncro Swauiac. The manufac tured form of shellac is softened an above with an open fl A Mattoned wire Ts contoured and. adupted across ihe posterior palatal seal area of the lary record base and Incorporated in the baso. n the mandibular arch tho Aattened wire is contourad and adapted to the lingual flange and incorporated in the base. Tinfoll is burnished over the surface of the cast, A thin layer of zine oxide-eugonol impression pasta it spread over the tissue side of the baso and ts seated on tho tinfoiled cast in the manner of making an impression, After the paste has been allowed to set, the excess flash is removed and the borders: 470 smoothed, Although this procedura results in a base that is more rigld and shellac is, the record by to distortion and breakage, 1 the odor and tasto of the paste tionable to some Patients, and it is un- Sultable for the arranging of teeth, pars cord buss are hoy ae fy. Thay warp if k Eee ae Jy in ltuations of Honited intorane tare io arte imtier 10. thal sid who 2 an cant for the finished dontung in Halonen ore corto dot row and the inblal und/or bucea hema In theae areas influences the arrange sat Fig, 9-1, Basoplates made of sonsed aerylte resin: top, maxillary: bottom, mane dlibular. A sticky wax is applied to the unc pola go Crest reas (A) The surfaces will contact ¢] oe tongue ond cheeks areand ' aed epee the borders The slopes sn ‘and are more expensive than, some ‘thers, they are considered 0 be wx callent, They a ab hot subject to distortion, not waally broken, and suitable for the arrange. the maxilloman: the base. Any processing error in this part of tho denture base does not affoct the accuracy of occlusion, CuEMIcaLty ACTIVATED on SeuF-CuRING Acavuic RESIN. Solf-curing acrylic resin is an acrylic resin to which an activator and c ‘commonly id base from this material. 1, Noncompression Dough Method ‘Any undercuts present in the final cast are altered by flowing wax from above the greatest convexity down and into the undercut (Fig. 9-2), This method, which does not completely eliminate the undercut but allows the removal of the base without damaging the cast, will result in a more accurate fit, Tinfoil or tinfoil substitute is applied to the to act as a separating medium. The curing rosin is mixed aacording to the manufacturer's directions, When it Fia,9-2. Final easts:top, moxillary:botton, ‘mandibular. Tho arrows point to undereut ‘reas. It is possible to damage the casts if ‘the undercuts are not properly altered. It i not nacessary toeliminate the undercuts com- pletely f the wax Is flowed from above the farvatost convexity, reaches a doughlike stago, it is pressed into molds shaped like the maxillary ‘and mandibular arches, The molds, ‘which are provided by the manufacturer, assure the correct and an even ‘thickness of material (Fig. 8:8). ‘The resin, is removed from the mold with a stain- Jess steel instrument, such as a cement spatula, and molded to the cast with the instrument ot the fingers. The acrylic rosin i allowed to the con- ‘sistency that will to be raised ‘but not “cast. It roseated j and allowed‘250 syllabus of Compete Donnas ‘a, 93. The use of a mold aids the con- Servation of materi. ea eerie ley Eee p swetall be oe Se ee panes ohare mae a eat eR ‘ached Bae oe ood aoe Ppt ts iat coy votina dinette MEE stat Tne ne ee Per 4 denture base acrylic resin. The processed denture base acrylic resin. is still the material of choice. 3. Sprinkle On Method The final cast is prepared in the manner used in the noncompression dough method. The monomer and poly- mer are applied alternately. It is most desirable to keep excess polymer when apniranhe Been eee tet Reese eae Sn kyo steht anos et iee Bnet th maar a pean eee (terre Se ane ee Deere cies Gtvaees ae ee eas alee aera ol pose ee Tee eis ty Co Ss alana eae etka ra ome ere gl eae al achan or vorpec ot alae Be eat aad pelnedtoc eae sti rounding or! ewronme Tad are relatively toexponsiea Te fequire more time to fabricate than te pat Occlusion Rims Occlusion rims are occluding wur- faces constructed on record bases or permanent denture bases to be used i recording jaw relations and for at ing teeth. Baseplate wax and modeling compound are the materials commonly used for occlusion tims, Combinations and alterations of these materials are often used to meet the requirements of 4 special procedure. Wax is used more Equenty since it is easier to manage in the registrations and in the arr of the teeth, a ‘The positions of the lips and cheeks are important in the recording of maxil- Jomandibular relations. The proper con- touring of the occlusion rims for lip and cheek support allows the muscles of facial expression to act in a normal ‘manner, Facial contours act as guides in ee eesome of the techniques of recording jaw felations. The borders of the record bases and the polished surfaces of the occlu. Soa rims should be smooth and rounded. t comfort and relaxation. An uncomfortable, tense patient is not im a favorable state to undergo the procedures involved in recording jaw relations, therefore, errors can occur in records taken under these conditions. ‘The basic fabrication of occlusion rims is a laboratory procedure. The final altering and contouring is usually accom- plished at the dental chair prior to and during the recording of maxilloman- dibular relations. The contouring, as Record Bases ond Occlusion Rims 287 ‘cuspids supported the upper lip at the ‘corners of the mouth; the labial surfaces fof the maxillary central incisors sup- ported the upper lip in the midsection: fand when the teeth were together in occlusion, the labial incisal third of the six maxillary anterior teeth sup- ported the superior border of the lower lip. ‘The best anatomic guides to aid in determining the proper contouring of the anterior section of both occlusion rims are the nasolabial sulcus, the mentolabial sulcus, the philtrum, and the commissure of the lips. When support is absent, the nasolabial and mentolabial sulci become ‘more deep, the philtrum is flattened, and the commissures droop. When oversup- ‘well as the materials used, varies with the method of record making. The functional methods of recording jaw relations usually require occlusion rims of compound to which recording de- vices can be attached: pantographic tracings require clutches that can be rigidly attached to the record bases; static methods usually require occlusion rims of wax. MAXILLARY OCCLUSION RIM In contouring the maxillary occlusion rim the anteroposterior dimension of the labial vestibule can be visually determined if the relaxed lip is gently moved in an anteroposterior direction. ‘The anterior extension of the occlusion rim should go no further than the ante- rior border of the labial flange of the record base. Viewed in profile, the con- tour from the labial vestibule to the relaxed lip line should be in harmony with the profile of the face. The con- tour from cuspid eminence to cuspid eminence follows the contour of the arch if there has not been excessive loss of bone. Proper contouring between these points assures support to the lips. When the natural teeth were present, the labial surfaces of the maxillary Fic. 9-4. A study of facial expression shows the effects of the position of teeth. The occlusiontimsshould becontoured tosupport the lips and cheeks. The philtrum (a), naso- Jabial sulcus (b), and commissure of the lips (©), are excellent guides in determining proper contour,‘280 Syllabus of Complete Dentures the nasolabial and mentolabial low. the phil- if not totally, obliter- are distorted ‘lel are d trum is partially, ‘ted, and the commissure Iaterally (Fig. 9-1) ‘The contouring of the buci of the posterior section of thi occlusion rim begins just di id, The buccal surface of wax is ightly toward the palate to th ccheoks and the rim (Fi. 6-5). Th the buccal corridor, is created between the buceal surface of the posterior teeth and the corner of the lips when the patient smiles The vertical length of the maxillary cclusion rim in the anterior region extends approximately 2 millimeters below the relaxed lip (Fig, 08). When ost individuals with natural teeth say ve fifty-five,” the incisal edges of the maxillary central incisors contact the vermillion border of the lower lip at the junction of the moist and dry mucosa. ‘The occlusion rim is reduced in length until the inferior border makes similar contact with the lower lip. Fia, 9-5, Maxillary occlusion rim, Space 96. Maxillary occlusion rim. The Fain rim has bean reduced t0 tho low Ip line, and the Fox plan determine the vertical contour in theposterior region. Another method used to establish the vertical length is to record a hori- zontal line which extends between the Ccommissures of the lips coinciding with the position of the inferior border of the upper lip during serious speaking ot relaxation. This is termed the low lip line. ‘The lip positions. are essentially the same, but the method of determining it is different, Some patients can be en- couraged to speak seriously; others can exists between the buccal surfaces of the F1@. 7. The occk posterior teeth and the cheeks. Contour the _so that the crisereralled id conan occlusion rim at (A) to allow space, Allow lary rim are parallel with Camper's line, A space (B) over the alveolar tubercles. This tongue blade js placed on Camper's line space is not occupied by a tooth, ‘compared with the Fox plane g'd to relax. A patient will not relax easily if he is conscious ot being observed. There are some pationgg for whom these procedures. must, be carefully analyzed, as the action of the muscles of the cheeks and lip is ine fluenced by malrelated jaws’ and/ey malpositioned teeth. The length of the occlusion rim is reduced to coincide with the recorded line. The posterior vertical length and occlusal plane are made to coincide with a line from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the superior border of the tragus of the ear, Camper's line (Fig 9-7). The vertical length at the first molar is established at one fourth of an inch below the orifice of Stensen's duct. The Posterior distal extension of the maxil. lary rim should terminate slightly an- terior to the alveolar tubercle. MANDIBULAR OCCLUSION RIM From the right mandibular cuspid to the left mandibular cuspid the man- dibular occlusion rim should occupy the space over the crest of the residual ridge. The labial fullness should not extend over one half the width of the labial vestibule. The labiolingual thick. ness should be approximately 4.1 limeters (Fig. 9-8). Buccolingually in the posterior regions the rims should be Placed over the crest of the residual ridge, In a buc direction the rim should extend one eighth of an inch, in a lingual direction the rim should extend to but not ex- ceed the medial extension of the border of the lingual flange of the record base (Fig. 9-8), The anterior height should be approx- imately 10 millimeters; the ‘ior height should not exceed half the height of the retromolar pad. The distal ex- tension should terminate 2 or 3 limeters anterior to the retromolar papilla (Fig. 9-8). 250 Fla. 98. The mandibular occlusion rim. ‘Tho labiolingual thicknoss (A) is excessive. The buccolingual position (B) is over the crest of the residuol ridge. The distal exten sion (©) is shy of the retromolar papilla The dimensions used in contouring the occlusion rims are subject to alterations to meet the requirements of the individ- ual patient and the different methods for recording jaw relations. USEFUL GUIDE LINES Guide lines placed on the maxillary wax occlusion rims are useful for orientation purposes when recording maxillomandibular relations and later for arranging the teeth. ‘THE MIDLINE. Several methods are used to determine the midline: 1, Bisect the philtrum of the lip with a flexible ruler and record a line on the labial surface of the rim to coincide with the margin of the ruler. 2. Extend a string from the center of the forehead downward, bisecting the face, and record a line‘on the labial sur- face of the rim to coincide with the string (Fig. 9-9), 3. Extend aline onto ‘thetim inferiorly from the labial frenum (Fig, 9.98), 4, Extend a line from the midpalatalelevate and spread the lips when they say “cheese gun sngeouy cm Fla. 49. the midl. A. Using a string to locate the midline. 8. The remnant of the labial frenum is used as 0 guide, C. Bisecting the palate and the incisal papilla is usually quite aceurate, suture bisecting the incisal papilla onto the occlusal rim. (Fig. 9-9C), Tue Low Lip Line. The speaking line, relaxed lip line, or low lip line is used to determine the vertical incisal length Fig. 9.19, A. The low lip line. The maxill (Fig. 9-10A). The method for determining _geclusion rim it visible below the relaxed ip. it was described on page 262. 8. The smiling or high lip line‘ovort! Boros and Occlusion Nims 20% 8.7) Stabilized. baseplates. 1 Dun, 6:03, 108, avin (omplotos and stabilized Thavoplatoe svth thn new chomical act oul} Pronth. Dont, 1-180, 1991, ‘An advancod ‘use of impr ivays fo Prosi, Dent, 3180, 1088, (6. Holme, M. Mi The eorsvetion of maloo Cluslon In arlicial dentures, LA.D.A.. 230, 102 ‘Art of fundamentals in denture JADA. 24407, 1887 (Gi Monson tochnte for full ruction, |AD.A, 10:390, Fa, 9.12, Racording th approximate pos tion f tho eonp. Note the markor et the cornea ri Joe ioe ene problems associated with centric rela- tion. |. Prosth, Dent. 2907, 1952 Hist to elicit a smile, To ask a patient to 10. Kyes, F. Mz Pitfalls in a full denture, repeat a thought-provoking, tongue- — J.A.D.A., 48:51, 1051, twisting sontence with record bases and 11. La Vere, A. M., and Freda, A. Li: Accu occlusion rims in the mouth often rate-fiting record bases. J. Prosth. Dent. invites a smile, 92:098, 1974, 42, MeArthur, D: Stabilized occlusion rims for small’ interarch J. Prosth, Dent, 42:603, 1079. ‘Ws Auxiliary uses of cold slic resins in prosthetic den- ‘Tue Cuspip Lis. ‘The cuspid line is also used as a guide in arrangement and selection of teeth, With the occlusion rims seated inthe mouth and inocclusion —_—_titry. | A.D.A., 47:298, 1983. a pointed instrument, such as a straight 14, Ringsdorf, 'W. M: Ideal beseplates. pin, is passed medially on a line paral- JADA, 80:60, 1055, Jel to the pupils of the eyes at the corners 18. Schoen, P. E., and Stewart, }. L: The of the mouth, Vertical lines recorded at affect of temporary bases on the accuracy: this point will be approximately the of centric jaw-relation records. J, Prosth distal extension of the cuspids (Fig. 9-11). Dent, 18:211, 1967, 16, Silverman, S. 1: ‘The management of the trial denture base, Dent. Clin, No. Am., ‘March, 1957, p. 251. REFERENCES 17, Trapozzano, V. R.: A comparison of the 1, Bailey, L Re Permanent-type bases for ‘equalization of pressure by means of the transferring records to an articulator, ccontral bearing point and wax check Dent. Clin, No, Am., November, 1964, p. Dites. A.D.A., 96:586, 1949, i 623, 18, ——: Occlusal records. |, Prosth. Dent., 2, Block, L. $.: Preparing and conditioning 5.925, 1955, tient for intermaxillary relations. |. 19. Wright, W. Hz Impression taking and 590, 1952. materials. |.A.D.A., 20:61, 1988.