NUCLEAR WASTE &

LED INVENTION
Presented To:
Prof. Ishita Tanna

Presented By:
B-03 Hetal Bhatt
B-17 Chaitali Naik
B-31 Mayuri Vadher
A- Nikhil Kumbhar

Nuclear Energy & Its Uses

Nuclear Energy is used in producing electricity.
How?
Nuclear reactor creates heat that is used to make
steam.
The steam turns a turbine connected to a
generator.
The generator then produces electricity.
Nuclear Energy Uses:
Industrial Use
Medical Use
Environmental Use
Other Uses

Nuclear Energy Process

Nuclear Waste Effects

Impact on Agriculture
Impact on Animals and Birds
Impact on Human being
Impact on Environment

Nuclear Waste Classification

The majority of power reactor wastes are classified
as:
1) Liquid radioactive wastes
2) Dry active solid wastes
3) Gases
Categories of nuclear waste
4) Very Low Level Waste
5) Low Level Waste
6) Intermediate Level Waste
7) High Level Waste

Case study- Chernobyl nuclear power plant

April 26, 1986:
Chernobyl nuclear power

plant
Operator errors cause a
reactor explosion
Explosion releases 190 tons
of radioactive gasses into
the atmosphere
Fire starts that lasts 10 days
People:
7 million lived in
contaminated areas; 3 million
were children
Wind:
Carries radiation far distances

Nuclear Waste Management

Basic steps:
Characterization
Treatment
Conditioning
Storage
Disposal
Techniques

Deep geological disposal-USA Yucca Mountain nuclear waste

repository in Nevada, Canada, Germany
Multinational repositories- Mexico, Brazil, India, China
Interim waste storage- UAE, Finland
Disposal in outer space- USA NASA
Sea disposal- Belgium, Italy
Recycling used fuel- Russia, Japan, U.K, ndia
Transmutation-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
Vitrification process- India Trombey and Tarapur

Case Study: Fukushima Nuclear

Disaster
2 minutes after the earthquake the
atomic power plants Fukushima I,
Fukushima II, Onagawa and Tokai
shut down.
Destroyed the fuel tanks of the
emergency power supply.
Next day there was a huge
Hydrogen explosion in reactor block
1. To chill the reactor and to stop
the nuclear meltdown they pumped
sea water into reactor block 1
Reactor block 3 exploded on 14th
March 2011

Nuclear Plants in India

A Brief History of Lighting

2000
2009
~1990
White
LED
Lamp
Production White
High Brightness
demonstrates
LED Lamp
Red, Orange,
1970s
Incandescent
Exceeds 100 lm/W
Yellow, & Green LEDs
Sodium
First Red
Efficacy (17 lm/W) 2005
Vapor Lamp
LED
1995
White LED Lamp
High Brightness
demonstrates
Blue, Green LEDs
Fluorescent

1901
Fluorescent
Tube 1919
1879

Edison Light
Bulb

Efficacy (70 lm/W)

U.S. 223,898
Calculators and
Indicators

Monochrome
signs
Full Color Signs

Solid State Lighting

Current lighting technology is over 120
years old
LEDs began as just indicators, but are now
poised to become the most efficient light
source ever created

Basic Advantages of LED Light

LEDs arevery energy efficient
Are directional No wasted light, any
pattern possible
Have very long lifetime >50,000 hours
Start instantly nanoseconds vs. > 10 min
re-strike
Are environmentally sound no heavy
metals
Are infinitely controllable New lighting
features, power savings

Why LED Lighting?

The widespread use of LEDs over the next
10 years can:
Save energy (Good)
Save money
Help protect the environment (Green)

LED lighting can reduce electricity needs

for lighting by more than 60%