| x < Coseolagieal /Iodls Sick solebons Einslan geotons Hot sahshy hamogrests + Isolopy. Since, ds, = dno + da’ +do* 8 homegansers + rseteopic we can faut, ds = - dé*+ ale(dr*sdy*« de*) alt) is Seale factor - drmersons heagth t= wastent are Pyparsuckoes along t = coastent One fds «< al)x, Physical ; Dishiece ccord note, stale factor shee ded alt) va Ester apeavon fund by Fredmann "B25 hemartre 1927 Jk elernent (aod 3y re, 5-hapetobud ) foord bg Robertson + bhalper 1935-3XXIV & Ta horrogeneaes ¢ isotropic - Shuecasdhild is aa example Momo gen20u5 & anisotropic 7 ds* = - dt* + alt}oe® 4 bt)dy* 4 CU) de Cock b& fat FR cosmologes _ fe® » atlay(ders ctde?) r. j hight Consider sgrals seat fom C=O to c= 44 lightone ds*= 02 -dt ale } de -! ge * Q creas (Unwerse expends ) R t messves poper firme.Ot poke i emt at t, — cecerr at 4, ded pulse t “ £+b4 , 4, +84, lJaqgt —celaton between be, ve Je, ts by thte oS Lh, ef def ok ree R= fae = jy > J ate 20 i G to tothe . alto) alte) JE, We alte) We Ge = Ao = [+t Wo ae Ae fast holds be usual debarion “0° cefers to peseat z= 0 preset epoch de =)? Ye T Ae - de Ne t>o cedshiftHubble 2 = as ee alt.) - alte) alt.) alts) ~ al4s) -(8 z), (te- te) a (if) 6-0) Hl, d Jd + (é- te }e NG ist ocder + mote eamplected OoplesoonXXIV F-enoos class ds < -dt*+ al) (dsedy*+de') BGM) - pea jo [Teo dé = -pdVv Te physics 14 the spuaiion q shite, Wee SP =f P P wrstacct 4,2 da +a J, . 2 ap, dat ape F z - — 30 p FaXXIV ¢ Some examples W o ) Prexsoceless dust Pn o a Pp dhosdy diluted by expansion r 2 Pe 5 fe foc cad.ation fee 0" dllton Uf plabe nab, + edd “5 4 wovelenst, ] 3) Vaewoe, ene Py = =P S = (oastiotLeagine pachdes Stearns toward pistes gan oo AP poe = 77 SPryigt At dbo A ; Prrescore - AP rste- = P castee™ Ten Adt Bo woe £ Ff parheles v0 as randan i © dcechons . et P cessuxe 3 9 A a — Jaw) > dvs = [oenhvde o ° bs |~ SDToday ; w radoties 1s kaown tb be Planck (+ least C6) | au 4 wo (kT) ZT eh) _ . 5 Ga 74 ut (a,7,) da u(a,7,) = RE efi 2 ah ae ( . | @the J ! F(t) =—e&e ( athe da (= ES . jm & ag A — |fom hist Are li) = ale) ee Qo * . 2 smply paar portect Planck spocirom tele ° cma gtthe dre 1. (2., 42), = Te x ae t dT, = 0.8898 emi liens displacenont boo Ag 2 Od en a -34 2s = 4.¥x jO . Stelons low fg” FET * Co c ° 4 . ey ~ ef We conclude, Since op (z) Te) = 7, eleU(r, )da, * (2) tH on ° A oP Lit) = Tp, + (2) u(a,t) dr T Pp lack spectro A preserved CMB dommates cadiaton denste of U “4 Le a ~ 16x10 Q 0 flatter - radartion gqualit,On equator State fo dust 5 ? ju he | constant ) ehotens ~ vacer p= fP What gbout ideal ge Jaw FP 2 obkT =f AT Is time. dep eodent Pr* fo. EL Xe me oO Comporisoe 13 . Pe Z early Oavetin ~ porheles were celstuste Tn Le Beagle waniehagh Aeckhed bg epson + snderoddons worth YEOV Spa Pall Corved /odels Spacehihe t= @ast. sucdoce for flat FRW ds, = a® (dx? + dy + de) Corvadure scale KR =R + 0 NG. for Goll 4D metre R#O btlas aed terms but is 2e0o A ue seh A= const. Can abo have spocelhe 3D suckers ust, K+ cast # O 2 cases? KR >Os RKO 5 gomeleves (e to sscalog ’)fasitue cwcvodore - analogs wth, d-sphore wrbare we embed wa SD isn = dx + dy 4d z febtoos 30 fat space SD bomagencoas + selrape Let xe y+ 2 = O Surtoce abe hei Peamatei ze. x = sin 0 Cosh Y = sina sind 3 tL * wo é J}, 2 2 2 S = gO” + Sia adh BD suche st Iymosgnraos aplee F tsotepe - daddy G0 e 3D pace Db we eonsteoct 3 sphere 1a same does 2 d z je 1-2 2, Js + + tA S uptut dW tdx°t+dy dz Weyieye2 =eXXIV 132 be angles 4,9, X = asaxsina cas Y= asian ging sip Zz = ASiINK COSA W = AcOsx p= @, 37) 6 - (0,7) a = (0,7) a dsg > a (dx? + sin*2 (da*+ sate df*) ) 3D surbee m fetdhous 4D space ~ lomozecinas risobope candedtele fee t= const, sotece ~ FRUS clea f Sphere at fred x A= 4masin x marx wo 420 iV ta max at 42% ama (a=x)” a “£27 Suenilac to 8-sphere | L >Bees Stalar = b/ge Xi 13b Representing a SphereXXIV Chased FRU spacchene. be = - db? + ae(dei + sina (dares vom) | z= const Jypouke bs ti beste. 10 volome. | Vie) = Ju fie Jags ful” | = lp do [oe alt)siaX 5:08 J = am» axe ale) = avalt)Recall 2D hyperkolord -JT + dx + dy” s0,flat Minkertoks 2 2 2 X+yY 7 wit, aD suctoce asiok X wsg the A,¢ x Y= gsiahx sing JT 7 @ashx sh = a (dx? + sub X dp?) e BD sudo 15 spacelike Ans peat X YT cm ke dinastormred 4 dtberend XYT via boots + Cotatrons3D hugperbolod 2 72 2 5? ds. = - dl + dx’ + dy® + dé _fevtsye 2a we? ZL * sigh cose iJ = acosl, % y= asinhasabsing asinkx sine Cosp - dt? + alt) (dx* + sich*x (da*+ sniedf)) Volome with % = worst, 4+ canst = aT @ sinh X — unex a x20 2e otherunse, pe de & as ura’ é - ear wonebot R=. =Su Peas! d ds* = - bts ated] des pn ANIV 12 r | (de® + snl) (sioh* ( siase J) 4 { 8 /al ¥Add a. . 30 7 3 (pt se) Tf _prip >0 (F >o-le) Aue ») Bparsion chaceleratéz 2) Unwersa. must have sata! seqolarity lp 4, = (ie Hubble. coasheat ; 7a) Le coastaa Calewlate fos foore a= e 4p Q=4, - fs Eo Be TH a ia (jo apie) [- Saa(p+p) +2 ras ) yu 3h Alo, fr atelealing Unucevs gaa os \S = - Fao UP sp)XXIV 3) Stacdoed alfa hors ~~ 3H. oT Hy 7 woo bet h = OF + 007 Ss | | Peok Soo = Leen Le gow Define QQ: F Pie Feedersnn @ ation (4) - fr-k = cals = (fo + fe + fe) Hots Lda csi 4.2) Se\bbeeh sols poke Py 4 mew ca3, core! Rag 7 Gu ® + Gugh= iyNG Qn + Qe ~*Q, + Q. = 1 Q, wo he agave 5 Qv coold be agave as well ald dhaceebs ew! ale odes j obsereed fe U wth Q, * and 2, *9 Qi + a=) 5 4 >i] closes! Ao pawasere &,. + if at Uss Flot <1 open5 agi componésxt (71 potter 2 fi day . (&\ ae [3 rod.ahon ( je "la. ) oper (1) emp CBee de) Cast low cbsed ° Urweee tot 'Seaph] 2 uRcvurs : (da ~_ 2 x= e Hie = er a ° J aF ° 3(O6 ple I- — i rf a pip ( \ | ) | u, (ete) ba (%.)+Ht, Vv fee Time Ssrace bg Scag Siaguleritg ( Tito “ 6 = ) hx, & /Ho Oper. oo Vacuumbe ve already seen tat at & = L6x0 as Hare is a tersifioa forr codiohos fp matter -4 abercation. => Q, = 16% @, 6 Ty = 4 2 6000 16/0 ult there fem peratores , hadre as completely jonized ! ee b (24g JO # bGew) g f+ A(*p,) = eos” se £ «(22x10 )XIV 24 Gaverkion 4 were equation 1 tecens A %, = a os ‘la. k ea) + Uele) = ~ ge Ug la) = - (20 69,0° + 9,2") porhele. a poly rorial peteatal 2, wateols Behowoor U «wm a> Occoms a%oc Qy =O. Then UO fer Qn Tn tus case, & coateols behaviooc g Onwerse. at lecte. fies. k=O a20 btr= bi Aye k>9 dosed OT Any = | [Se kod open UW and apy wost got?