1

Answer all
question
Jawab semua
soalan

Sphere and oval shape

Berbentuk sfera atau bujur
Consists of genetic materials
Mengandungi bahan genetic
Control cell division process
Mengawal proses pembahagian sel
1. The information above explain about organelle
Maklumat di atas menerangkan tentang organel

Cell wall
Dinding sel

Nucleus
Nucleus

Lysosome
Lisosom

Ribosome
Ribosom

Golgi apparatus
Jasad golgi

Mitochondrion
Mitokondria

Endoplasmic
reticulum
Endoplasmic

Riboso
me
Riboso
2. Which of the organelles produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Organel yang manakah yang menghasilkan adenosine trifosfat (ATP)?

3. The diagram 1 shows an animal cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 1 //
Rajah 1
Organelles X is found in abundance in the cell. What is X?
Organel X padat dijumpai di dalam sel ini. Apakah X?
A

4. Diagram 2 shows a process carried out by an Amoeba sp.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu proses dilakukan oleh satu Amoeba sp.
Food
particles

Pseudopodium

Diagram 2

Namethe process.
Namakan proses ini.
A

binary fission
belahan dedua

difusion
resapan

phagocytosis
fagositosis

osmoregulat
ion
osmoregula

5. Diagram 3 shows three diferent types of muscle M, N and O.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis otot yang berbeza, M, N dan O.

N
Diagram
3/Rajah 3

Which of the following body structures or organs contain muscles M, N or O?

Manakah yang berikut struktur badan dan organ mengandungi otot M, N atau
O?

M
Bicep muscle
Otot bisep
Tricep muscle
Otot trisep
Heart
Jantung
Tricep muscle
Otot trisep

A
B
C
D

N
Heart
Jantung
Stomach
Perut
Artery
Arteri
Intestine
Usus

O
Intestine
Usus
Oesophagus
Esofagus
Bicep muscle
Otot bisep
Heart
Jantung

6. Diagram 4 shows four diferent organs in the human body.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan empat organ yang berbeza di dalam badan manusia.

Diagram
4/Rajah 4
Which of the organs form the human excretory system?
Organ yang manakah membentuk system perkumuhan manusia?

7.

I, II and III only

I, II dan III sahaja

I, II and IV only
I, II dan IV sahaja

Cell membrane consists mainly of

Membran sel mengandungi terutamanya
A

Carbohydrate bilayer and protein

Dwilapisan karbohidrat dan protein

protein bilayer and phospholipids

Dwilapisan protein dan fosfolipid

lipid bilayer and proteins

Dwilapisan lipid dan protein

protein bilayer and carbohydrate

Dwilapisan protein dan karbohidrat

I, III and IV only

I, III dan IV
sahaja
II, III and IV
only
II, III dan IV

8. Diagram 5 shows a movement of ions across the plasma

membrane. Name the process.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan pergerakkan ion merentasi mambran plasma.
Namakan proses ini.

Diagram 5 /
Rajah 5
A

Flaccid
flasi
d

B
Crenation
Krenasi

Active transport
pengangkutan
aktif

D Passive transport
pengangkutan pasif

9. Digram 6 shows a red blood cell after has been immerse in a hypertonic
solution.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan sel darah merah selepas direndam di dalam larutan
hipertonik.

Diagram 6 /
Rajah 6
Which of the statement explain the phenomena?
Kenyataan yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini?
A

water molecules move out from the red blood cell

molekul air bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

water molecule move into the red blood cell

molekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

glucose molecule move out from the red blood cell

molekul glukosa bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

glucose molecule move into the red blood cell

molekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

10. Diagram 7 shows a strip of a mustard green after it has been immersed in
solution Z.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu jalur sawi selepas direndam di dalam larutan Z.

Epidermis

What is solution
Z?
Apakah larutan
Z?
A

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

0.1% salt
solution
0.1% larutan
Distilled water
air suling

1.5% sucrose
solution
1.5% larutan
B
D
30% sucrose
solution
30% larutan
11. Diagram 8 shows the visking tube which filled with distilled water and
soaked into salt solution.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan tiub visking yang diisikan dengan air suling dan
direndam ke dalam larutan garam
Beaker

Salt Solution
Visking

Distilled

Diagram 8 /
Rajah 8
After 20 minutes the visking tube..
Selepas 20 minit,tiub visking akan..
A

will swell.
akan membengkak
B

No change occurred.
Tiada perubahan berlaku

C
D

will shrunk
akan mengecut
will burst
akan meletus

SULIT

4551/1

12. Diagram 9 shows the structure of a plant cell before and

after it has been immersed in solution P.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan sebelum dan
selepas ia di rendam di dalam larutan P.

Diagram9 /
Rajah 9
What is solution P and the process that takes place in the plant cell?
Apakah larutan P ini dan proses yang berlaku dalam sel tumbuhan?

13

Solution P// Larutan P

Process // proses

Distilled water
Air suling

Plasmolysis
Plasmolisis

Distilled water
Air suling

Deplasmolysis
Deplamolisis

10% sucrose solution

10% larutan sukrosa

Plasmolysis
Plasmolisis

15% sucrose solution

15% larutan sukrosa

Haemolysis
Hemolisis

Which organelle synthesis lipid ?

Organel manakah yang mensintesis lipid ?
A
Lysosom
Lisosom
B

Ribosome
Ribosom

Mitochondria
Mitokondrion

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Jalinan Endoplasma Licin
6

14

Diagram 10 shows a structure of plasma membrane.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma.
X

Diagram 10
Rajah 10

What is the function of X ?

Apakah fungsi X?
A
Act as the barrier to separate the inner and outer part of
the cell.
Sebagai penghalang yang mengasingkan bahagian dalam
dan luar sel.
B

Help to transport the substances in or out from the cell.

Membantu mengangkut bahan masuk atau keluar dari
membran sel.

C
Stabilized and strengthen the plasma membrane to
become more fexible,
Menstabil dan menguatkan membran plasma supaya lebih
fleksibel
D

To prpvide fix shape for the cell.

Memberi bentuk yang tetap kepada sel.

15 Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set- up to investigate osmosis.

X shows the initial level of the solution.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji osmosis. X
menunjukkan aras awal larutan.

Initial level of

X
solution

Aras awal larutan

30% Sucrose
solution
Larutan sukrosa
30%

Wate
r
Air

Diagram 11 / Rajah 11
Which of following will be observed after 1 hour ?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah dapat diperhatikan selepas 1
jam ?
A

X
X

X
X
8

16
Diagram 12 shows the apparatus set-up to demonstrate
process X.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menunjukkan proses
X.
Cavity contain
salt solution
Kaviti
mengandungi
larutan garam
Potato strip
Jalur kentang
Distilled water
Air suling

Diagram 12/
Rajah 12
What is process X
Apakah proses X ?
A

Osmosis
Osmosis

Simple
diffusion
Resapan
B Plasmolysis
D
Facilitated difu
Plasmolisis
Resapan
berbantu
17 Diagram 13 shows organelles involved in the production and
secretion of anextracellular enzyme.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan organel yang terlibat di dalam
penghasilan dan perembesan enzim luar sel.

Diagram 13
Rajah 13
What would happen to the process if R is absent?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada proses tersebut sekiranya R
tiada?
A

Proteins are not modified

Protein tidak diubahsuai

Proteins are not

transcripted
Protein tidak ditranskripsi

Proteins are not

synthesized
Protein tidak
Proteins are not
secreted
Protein tidak

18

Diagram 14 shows the movement of glucose molecules through a

plasma membrane.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul-molekul glukosa
melalui membran plasma
Glucos
e
gluko
sa

Diagram
14
Rajah 14
Which conclusion could be obtained from diagram 6.
Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh diperolehi daripada Rajah 6?
A
B
C
D
19

Glucose moves by osmosis

Glukosa bergerak secara osmosis
Glucose moves by simple diffusion
Glukosa bergerak secara resapan ringkas
Glucose moves by facilitated diffusion
Glukosa bergerak secara resapan berbantu
Glucose moves by active transport
Glukosa bergerak secara pengangkutan aktif

Diagram 14 shows a plant cell in an isotonic solutions.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan sel tumbuhan di dalam larutan isotonic.

Diagram
14
Rajah 14
Which diagram shows the cell after it has been immersed in a
hypotonic solution ?
Rajah manakah yang menunjukkan sel itu setelah direndam
dalam larutan hipotonik ?
A

20

Diagram 15 shows a human heart structure.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan struktur
jantung manusia.

A
B
C
D
Diagram 15
Rajah 15
Which of the valves labelled A, B, C and D can prevent the backflow
of the blood from the aorta to the left ventricles ?
Injap manakah berlabel A, B, C dan D yang dapat menghalang
darah daripada berpatah balik daripada aorta ke ventrikel kiri ?
21 Diagram 16 shows a condition of a disease sufered by a boy.
Gambar 16 menunjukkan keadaan penyakit yang dihadapi oleh
seorang budak lelaki.

Diagram 16
Rajah 16
What types of immunity received by the boy after he recovers
from the disease? Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh
budak lelaki ini selepas ia sembuh daripada penyakitnya.

Natural Acquired Active Immunity

Keimunan Aktif Semulajadi

Artificial Acquired Active Immunity

Keimunan Aktif Buatan

Natural Acquired Passive Immunity

Keimunan Pasif
Semulajadi

Artificial Acquired Passive Immunity

Keimunan Pasif Buatan

22 Diagram 17 shows an experiment carried out to study the transport

of food substances in a plant.
Rajah 17 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk
mengkaji pengangkutan bahan-bahan makanan dalam tumbuhan.
A ring of plant
tissues were
removed
Gegelang tisu
tumbuhan
dibuang
After one week
Selepas seminggu

Before
eksperiment
Sebelum
eksperimen

Diagram
17
Rajah
17
A

Water is transported from the roots to the leaves.

Air diangkut daripada akar ke daun.

Ringing has caused the dying of the xylem tissues

Penggelangan telah menyebabkan kematian tisu xylem.

Ringing has removed all the transport system in the plant

Penggelangan telah menyingkirkan semua sistem
pengangkutan dalam tumbuhan.

D
Swelling of the trunk is due to the accumulation of food
substances above the ring.
Pembengkakan pada batang pokok disebabkan oleh
penggumpulan bahan-bahan makanan di bahagian atas
gegelang

23 Diagram 18 is a graph showing the changes in the concentration of

antibodies in the blood of a student after he was given an antiserum
injection.
Rajah 18 menunjukkan graf perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam
darah seorang pelajar selepas diberi suntikan antiserum.
Concentration of antibodies in the blood
Kepekatan antibodi dalam darah

Injection
Masa/minggu
Suntikan
Time/week
Diagram 18/Rajah 18
Which of the graphs A, B. C and D shows the changes in the
concentration of antibodies in the blood after a period of time?
Manakah bagi graf A, B, C dan D menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan
antibodi dalam
darah selepas suatu tempoh masa tertentu?

24 A student accidently stepped on a rusty nail while playing in a

field. He was given an antibodies tetanus injection.
What kind of immunity will he develop?
Seorang pelajar secara tidak sengaja terpijak ke atas paku
berkarat semasa bermain di padang. Dia telah diberi suntikan
antibodi tetanus.
Apakah jenis keimunan yang dibina?
A
B
C

Natural active immunity

Keimunan aktif semulajadi
Artificial active immunity
Keimunan aktif tiruan
Natural passive immunity
Keimunan pasif semulajadi

D
Artificial passive
immunity Keimuanan pasif
tiruan

25. Diagram 19 shows a process carried out by an Ameoba sp.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan suatu proses yang dijalankan oleh Ameoba
sp.

Diagram 19
Rajah 19
What is the process ?
Apakah proses tersebut ?

26.

Meiosis
Meiosis

Binary fission
Belahan dedua

Osmoregulation
Pengosmokawalat
uran
Conjugation
Konjugasi

Diagram 20 shows one of the human tissues.

Rajah 20 menunjukkan salah satu daripada tisu

manusia

Diagram 20/Rajah 20
What organelle is found abundantly in the tissue ?
Apakah organel paling banyak terdapat dalam tisu tersebut ?
A

Golgi Apparatus
Jasad Golgi

Ribosomes
Ribosom

Mitochondria
Mitokondria

Endoplasmic
reticulum
Jalinan

27.Which of the following describes a vein ?

Yang manakah antara berikut menerangkan tentang vein ?

A
B
C
D

Valv
e
Inja
p
Presen
t
Ad
a
Presen
t
Ad
a
Absen
t
Tiad
a
Absen
t
Tiad
a

Thickness of muscular wall

Ketebalan dinding berotot
Thic
k
Teba
l
Thin
Nipi
s
Thic
k
Teba
l
Thin
Nipi
s

28.Diagram 21 shows a cross section of a dicotyledonous stem.

Rajah 21 menunjukkan keratan rentas bagi batang dikotiledon..
A
B
C
D

Diagram 21
Rajah 21
Which of the parts A, B, C and D is phloem?
Antara bahagian A, B C dan D, yang manakah merupakan floem ?

29.

Diagram 22 shows an open circulatory system of an arthropod .

Rajah 22 menunjukkan sistem peredaran terbuka seekor artropoda
Tubular heart
Tiub jantung

X
Diagram 22 /
Rajah 22
What is the colourless fluid found in X ?
Apakah cecair tidak berwarna yang terdapat dalam X?
A

Lymph fluid
Bendalir limfa

Plasma
Plasma

Haemolym
Hemolimfa
.
Interstitial
fluid
Bendalir
tisu

30.Diagram 23 shows a type of a circulatory system.

Rajah 23 menunjukkan sejenis sistem peredaran darah.

Diag
ram 23
Rajah 23
Which organism has this type of circulatory system?
Antara yang berikut yang manakah organisma yang mempunyai
sistem peredaran darah ini?

Fish
Ikan

Frog
Katak

Bird
Burun
g
Worm
Cacin
g

Bahagian B
Jawab semua soalan di ruang yang disediakan
1.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu model
membran plasma.
Diagram 1.1 shows a model of plasma
membrane

P: ...

Q: ...
R: ...
Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.1

(a) i.

Namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q dan R pada Rajah 1.1.

Name the structures labelled P, Q and R at Diagram 1.1

[3 markah]
ii.
Terangkan proses yang berlaku pada R.
Explain the process that occurs at R.
...........................................................................................................
.......................... ...............................................................................
......................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................

[2 markah]
(b)Membran plasma ini telah didedahkan kepada racun respirasi.
Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan racun respirasi terhadap
pengangkutan bahan di membran plasma?
The plasma membrane has been exposed to respirational
poison. In your opinion, what is the effect of the respirational
poison towards the transportation of substance across plasma
membrane?
...........................................................................................................
............................ ..............................................................................
.........................................................
[2 markah]

. Larutan hipertonik adalah satu larutan yang mengandungi

lebih bahan terlarut daripada sel yang diletakkan di dalamnya.
Larutan isotonik merupakan satu penyelesaian di mana jumlah
yang sama bahan larut dan larutan itu boleh didapati di dalam
dan di luar sel
Larutan hipotonik adalah satu larutan yang mengandungi kurang
bahan larut
daripada sel yang diletakkan di dalamnya.
A hypotonic solution is a solution that contains less solute than
the cell which is chloride on Q cell.
A hypertonic solution is a solution that contains more solute than
the cell which is placed in it
.
An isotonic solution is a solution in which the same amount of
solute and
solution is available inside and outside of the cell
.
Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan larutan
natrium klorida berlainan kepekatan atas sel Q.
A study has been done to investigate the effect of different
concentration of natrium
placed in it.
Rajah 1 dan Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan kajian tersebut.
Diagram 1 and Table 1 shows the result from that study.

Cell Q

Diagram 1/Rajah 1

Larutan
Solution

R
S
T
U
V
W

Kepekatan
NaCl(g/100c
m3)
Concentrati
on of NaCl
(g/100cm3)
0.35
0.40
0.47
0.50
0.50
0.55

Peratus sel yang mengecut dan meletus

Percentage of crenated cell and
haemolyse cell
Mengecut
Meletus
Crenated
Haemolyse
9
35
86

52
28
-

Table 1/Jadual 1
i. Namakan sel Q.
Name cell Q
...............................................................................................
...........................
[1 markah]

ii. Berdasar Jadual 1, nyatakan kepekatan natrium klorida

dalam plasma darah. Berikan sebab anda?
Based on Table 1, state the concentration of sodium
chloride in the blood
Plasma.. Give your
reason?
.....................................................................................................
...........................
......................................................................................................
...........................
......................................................................................................
............................
[2 markah]
iii. Sel Q telah dimasukkan ke dalam air suling. Pada pendapat
anda, apakah yang akan berlaku kepada sel Q?.
Cell Q has been placed in distilled water. In your opinion,
what will happen to cell Q?.
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
....................................................................................
[2 markah]

2.Jantung manusia mempunyai jisim antara 250 dan 350 gram dan
lebih kurang saiz satu penumbuk. Ia terletak di sebelah anterior turus
vertebra dengan sternum. Septum adalah dinding pemisah di antara
jantung bahagian kanan dan kiri.Nodus sinoatrium merupakan tisu
yang menjana impuls (perentak jantung) yang terletak di atrium kanan
jantung, dan dengan itu penjana ritma sinus yang normal.
The
adult human
heart has
mass of between 250 and 350 grams and is
about
is alocated
posterithe
or tsize
o theofstaerfist.
numIt
.The
septumanterior to the vertebral column and
of the heart is the dividing wall between the right and left sides of the
heart.The sinoatrial nodes is the impulse-generating tissue( pacemaker)
located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal
sinus rhythm.

i.

Apakah kepentingan septum?

What is the importance of septum?
..........................................................................................................
................... ......
..........................................................................................................
.................. .......
[2 markah]

ii.

Sekiranya nodus sinoatrium telah rosak, satu jenis

perentak buatan boleh digunakan.
Bagaimanakah perentak buatan berfungsi ?
If the Sinoatrial node is impaired, an artificial
pacemaker can be use. How does this pacemaker
works?

........................................................................................................
..................... ...........

[4 markah]

iii. Apakah implikasi terhadap penggunaan perentak buatan

berbanding nodus sinoatria?
What is the implication of using the artificial pacemaker as
compared to the sinoatrial node.

[3 markah]

Cadangkan langkah-langkah yang harus anda amalkan bagi

mengurangkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular.
Suggest the steps that you should do to reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease.

..

[3 markah]

Bahagian C
Jawab semua soalan
1

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is important for the
continuity in life of organisms. The process helps to maintain a constant internal
environment.
Pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma di dalam sel adalah
penting untuk kemandirian hidup organisma. Proses ini mengekalkan persekitaran
dalaman organism.

(a) (i)Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of

living organism.
Terangkan kepentingan membran plasma untuk kemandirian
organism hidup.
[4
marks]
[4
markah]
(ii)

Diagram 1.1 shows two types of transport of substances

through plasma membrane.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui
membran plasma.

Type 1
Jenis 1

Type 2
Jenis 2
Outside of
cell
Bahagian
luar sel

Inside of
cell
Bahagian
dalam sel

Diagram
1.1
Rajah 1.1

Explain the two types of transport of substances through

plasma membrane shown in Diagram 1.
Terangkan kedua-dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui
membran plasma yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.

[6
marks] [6
markah]

(b)

A student carry out the experiment to determine the

concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell
sap. The student immersed the potato strips in a diferent
concentration of sugar in 30 minutes time.
Diagram 1.2 shows graph plotted to show the change in
mass against concentration of solution.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengetahui
kepekatan larutan di
luar sel yang isotonik dengan kepekatan sap sel. Pelajar itu
merendam jalur ubi kentang di dalam kepekatan larutan gula
yang berbeza.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf yang diplot untuk menunjukkan
perubahan dalam jisim melawan kepekatan larutan

26

(i) Based on the graph in Diagram 1.2, state the concentration of the solution
that is isotonic to the
cell sap
Berdasarkan graf pada rajah 1.2, nyatakan kepekatan larutan yang isotonic
kepada sel sap.
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
(ii) Explain what happen to the cell at point P,Q dan R
Terangkan apa yang berlaku terhadap sel di titik P,Q dan R
[ 9 mark/ 9 markah]

27

(a)

Diagram 2.1 and 2.2 shows the stages in blood clotting.

Rajah 2.1 dan 2.2 menunjukkan peringkat pembekuan darah.

Red blood cell

Broken blood vessel wall
Platelet

Diagram
2.1
Rajah
2.1

28

Activated platelet
Fibrin

Clot

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
Based on the diagram and on your biological knowledge, describe how the
mechanism of blood clotting help to prevent infection when a wound occurs.
Berdasarkan rajah dan pengetahuan biologi anda, huraikan bagaimana
mekanism pembekuan darah.membantu untuk mengelakkan jangkitan apabila
berlakunya luka.
[10

marks] [10 markah]

(b)

The statement below describe the lymphatic system

Pernyataan di bawah menerangkan sistem limfa.
Lacteals in interstinal villi transport
products of lipids
Lacteal di vilus mengangkut produk lipid
About 10% of interstitial fluid
returns to the circulatory system via
the lymphatic system.
10 % cecair interstitial akan kembali ke sistem
peredaran darah melalui sistem limfa.
Based on these statements, explain why the lymphatic
system is considered complementary to the blood circulatory
system.
Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, terangkan kenapa sistem limfa
dikatakan pelengkap kepada sistem peredaran darah.
[10
marks] [10
markah]
29

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Disediakan oleh:
oleh:
.
Nor Azian binti Ismail
Kamar bin Ahmad
Pentadbiran

Disemak oleh:
.
Paramisari a/p Chinan
KP Sains

SKEMA BIOLOGI : SOALAN 5

5. (i):
30

Disahkan

Shamsul
PK

P1 The septum prevents the oxygenated blood in left side of the blood
from mixing with the deoxygenated blood in the right side of the heart. /
Septum ini berfungsi untuk mengelakkan darah beroksigen pada bahagian
jantung kiri bercampur dengan darah terdeoksigen pada bahagian jantung
kanan.
P2 This is to ensure that the enough amount of oxygen is supplied to the
body cells. /
Supaya oksigen yang meresap masuk ke dalam sel-sel mencukupi.
2 markah
(ii)
-The artificial pacemaker generates small amount of electrical charges.
-The electrical charges stimulates the nerve impulses to be transmitted to the
both atrium.
-This cause both atria to contract simultaneously
-The contraction of atria causes high pressure of blood in the atria
-The impulses generated by sinoatrial node (SA node) reach the
atrioventricular node (AV
node)
-The AV node ensure that all blood in from the atria has entered the ventricles
-The AV node relays the impulses to the bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres
-The impulses than reach the apex of heart
-The ventricles contract and cause the blood pressure to increase
-Blood is pumped out of the heart
-The pacemaker could be adjusted to pump 72 times per minutes as to
ensure the normal blood flow.
-Perentak jantung buatan menjana sedikit cas elektrik
-yang mencetuskan impuls saraf yang kemudiannya tersebar ke seluruh
atrium
- merangsang otot dinding kedua-dua atrium mengecut serentak
-Pengecutan artrium menyebabkan tekanan darah dalam artrium meningkat
-Impuls yang dicetus oleh nodus sinoatrium sampai ke nodus atrioventrikel
( AVN) (pada di dasar atrium kanan)
-AVN memastikan semua darah dalam atrium telah memasuki ventrikel
- sebelum menghantar impuls untuk merangsang pengecutan otot ventrikel
- melalui berkas His dan gentian Purkinje
-Pengecutan ventrikel menyebabkan tekanan darah dalam ventrikel
meningkat
- perentak jantung boleh ditetapkan untuk memberi kadar pengecutan
yang normal / 72 pengecutan per minit
- supaya pengaliran darah normal
Mana-mana 4 markah

31

Cadangan jawapan
a i

ii

P; phospholipid bilayer/fosfolipid
dwilapisan
Q: pore protein/protein liang
R: carrier protein/protein pembawa
Process/Proses R active
transport/pengangkutan aktif
-Substance difuse from higher
concentration to
lower concentration
-Against the concentraion gradient/
-Through carrier protein/
-Energy is required/
Pergerakan bahan dari kawasan
berkepekatan rendah ke kawasan
berkepekatan tinggi
Melawan cerun kepekatan
Melalui protein Pembawa
Memerlukan tenaga
32

Marka
h
3

-When the cell is exposed to the

respirational poison, respiration is unable
to be carried out.
-Active transport does not occur.
-This is due to no formation of energy.

Jika sel didedahkan kepada racun

respirasi Pengangkutan aktif tidak
berlaku
Racun akan merencatkan proses respirasi
Tiada tenaga dihasilkan
Ci

Red blood cell (erythrocytes)

Sel darah merah/eritrosit

ii

0.74g/100cm3
-No cell burst (or undergoi haemolysis)
and no cell become wrinkles(undergoes
crenation)
Tiada sel yang meletus/haemolisis dan
tiada yang mengecut/krenasi

iii

-The cell will burst/Sel akan meletus

-The concentration of distilled water is
hypotonic to the red blood cell.
-Water molecules difuse into the red
blood cell through osmosis.
-The cell bursts due to ansence of cell
wall//cannot withstand high osmotic
pressure

33

Air suling adalah larutan hipotonik

kepada sel darah merah.

Molekul air meresap masuk ke dalam sel

secara osmosis
Sel meletus sebab tiada dinding sel//tidak
boleh menampung tekanan osmotik yang
tinggi
12
markah

34

35