aan Bres Bresle method From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia method - Wikipedia, the fee encyclopedia The Bresle method is used to determine concentration of soluble salts on metal surfaces prior to coating application, such as painting. These salts can cause serious adhesion problems after time Contents 1 Importance 2 Origin of the Bresle Method 3 Principle 4 Calculation Factors = 5 Measurement Tools = 5.1 The Principle = 5.2 Test Patches = 5.3 Climate 6 References Bresle test kit Importance Salt is ubiquitous in coastal areas. It can be tasted on the lips after walking on a beach. Salt concentration by weight is about 3.5% in sea water. With spray from waves and by other means, salt gets into the air as an aerosol, and eventually as a dust-like particle. This salt dust can be found everywhere near the coast. Salt has the property of being hygroscopic, and this property makes it harmiil to coatings. Salt contamination beneath a coating, such as paint on steel, can cause adhesion and corrosion problems due to the hygroscopic nature of salt. Its tendency to attract water through a permeable coating creates a build-up of water molecules between substrate and coating, These, together with salt and other oxidation agents entrapped during coating or migrating later through the coating, create an electrolytic cell, causing corrosion. Blast cleaning is frequently used to clean surfaces before coating; however, with salt contamination, blast cleaning may increase the problem by forcing salt into the base material. Washing a surface with deionized water before coating is a common solution. IMO PSPC (performance standard for protective coatings) regulations set a maximum allowable concentration of soluble salts on a surface to be coated, measured as sodium chloride, of 20 mgemi, ‘The maximum amount of salt allowed on a surface prior to coating application is typically determined by the coating supplier and the user, such as a shipyard, Standard values have not been established Origin of the Bresle Method The Bresle method was launched in 1995 in the ISO 8502-6 and ISO 8502-9 standards. The test was developed to measure soluble salt concentration on steel surfaces prior to blasting cleaning and coating. Not only ISO, but also the US Navy, IMO, NAVSEA, and ASTM adopted this method as their standard. The method remains the primary and most flexible test method for soluble salts on metal surfaces. methodtThe_ Principle 1”an Bresle method - Wikipedia the fr Principle ncydopedia ‘The Bresk method uses the difference of conductivity of salts in water, each salt havi conductivity-versus-concentration relationship. The correlation between concentration and conductivity can be found in “Handbook of Chemistry and Physics”. This relationship is useful only ifthe dissolved satt is known, Sodium chloride, the main salt in sea water, causes a big inerease in conduetivity with increased concentration. A special patch is applied to the surface to be tested, and a specified volume of deionized water is injected under the patch. Any soluble salts present on the surface will dissolve in the water. The fluid is extracted and its conductivity Breske patch injected measured. The conductivity of the collected salt solution depends on the volume of water used and is initial conductivity, and the amount of salt in solution depends on the area of the patch. ‘The calculation of the sak per area is based on increased conductivity but in the IMO PSPC method the salt is calculated as sodium chloride, in the ISO 8502-9 method itis calculated as a specific mixture of salts, Calculation Factors Factors are applied to the measured conductivity, depending on what is known or assumed about the salt contamination and various conditions, in order to yield meaningful measurements of contamination, Some of the variables are: = salt type = volume of solution (in below table factors are calculated with a volume of 15 ml solution) temperature ™ cquipment-specific sealing A common source of error is not knowing the composition of the contamination being measured. Conductivity Conductivity tsa | cnorite|“choide” | eblode | sal | sate uS/em mS/m | gem? | mg/m2 | gle? mg/im2 g/cm? mg/m2 1 0,1 0,36 3,6 0,6 6 0,5 5 5 0,5 18 i183 30 2,5 25 10 1 3,6 36 6 60 5 50 20 2 72 72 12 120 10 100 Measurement Tools There are multiple suppliers of Breske method test kits. The Principle ‘The solubiity in water depends on the type of salt. Sodium chloride can be dissolved in cold water to a concentration of 357 1, Not only solubilty differs between salts but also the conductivity. When performing a cenwikipedia.orgwiklr methodtThe_ Principle 28ana Besle method Wikpeda the re encydopeda Bresle method test, not only sodium chloride is dissolved but also all other salts present on the surface, Because itis impossible to predict which salts are present at the surface, an assumption is made in the Bresle method. ‘The term “measured as sodium chloride” indicates that this mixture of salts is interpreted as sodium chloride. Reporting how conduetivity is fictored is essential when creating a report. Test Patches A test patch should be as clean as possible. Contamination of a patch can influences the results significantly. ‘The ISO 8502-6 standard prescribes in annex A that certified patches shall be used. This annex describes a stress test to ensure patch adhesion and wash ability. Climate A soluble salts report should include climate conditions and substrate temperature. ISO 8502-6 requires that the test is done at 23°C and a relative humidity of 50%, with deviations reported and agreed upon by both inspector and customer. During arbitration, absence of these values in a report may render the results invalid, Bresle patch injected with 15ml water as in ISO 8502-6 Annex A References = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics = ISO 8502-6, “Extraction for soluble contaminants for analysis — The Bresle Method” = ISO 8502-9, “Field method for soluble salts by conductometric measurement” Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php ttleBresle_method&oldid=459298225" Categories: Coatings = This page was last modified on 6 November 2011 at 14:59. = Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. methodtThe_ Principle 38