VeTERS iS maret act FAGIOS or ale OF IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, 0.000. NEGROES FOUND A NEW Waly TO WORK FOR FREEDOM, WITHOUT VIOLENCE AND WITHOUT HATING. BECAUSE THEY DID, THEY FUT NEW HOPE IN ALL MEN WHO SEEK BROTHERHOOD, AKO WHO KNOW YOU GON'T BUILD IT WITH BULLETS, NO ONE PERSON MADE THE MONTGOMERY ‘STORY, BUT ONE MAN'S NAME STOOD: OUT. AMONG, “THE HUNDREDS WHO WORKED 50 HARD AND UNSELFISHLY. THAT MAN WAS 28-YEAR-OLD MARTIN: LUTHER KING, JR, MINISTER OF THE DEXTER ANENUE ‘BAPTIST CHURCH AND PRESIDENT OF THE MONTGOMERY IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION. “THE BASIC BOOK IN THE KING HOUSE AMLARTIN FINISHED HIGH SCHOOL AT IS AND ENTERED WAG THE BIBLE. FROM IT YOUNG MARTIN MOREHOUSE COLLEGE IN ATLANTA. THERE HE WORKED LY LEARNED JESUS’ TEACHINGS WITH THE CITY'S INTERCOLLEGIATE CHRIGTIAN COUNCIL, ABOUT LOVE AND ITS POWER. WITH BOTH WHITE AND ~ COLORED. BOWE OF 44g DON'T LIKE OISCRIMINATION, EITHER, \ TIN. ya AT cRozER SEMINARY, ONE OF WHILE He GTUbIED For. Pip. NORTHERN CHURCHES SIX NEGROES AMONG NEARLY ICO DEGREE AT BOSTON UNIVERSITY WERE OPEN OnE YOUNS: Pepa HE WAG ELECTED PRGGI- HE MET ANO MARRIED. CORETTA AAINISTER, BUT IN MAR BENT OF THE STUDENT BoDY AND ‘ScoTT, A PRETTY 5 TIM LUTHER KING AND His. GRADUATED AT THE HEAD OF HISoa Las) NONTEOMERY, ALABAMA... 2 | CALL ME JONES. MY NAME DOESNT MATTER. BUT IY STORY'S IMPORTANT * TM_A PEACEFUL FOR YOU AS WELL AS ME. WE'RE ALL, \- CAUGHT UP IN IT IN ONE WAY OR ee ANOTHER! HAVE TO USE IT SOME Da. naw 2 CONT KNOW. TLE IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, I LOVE PEorLe Live SCARED UNDER JIM CROW MONTGOMERY, BUT T'Ve HATED TT, TOO. ANEGRO I WAS SCARED, TOO, YOU NEVER KNOW ANYWHERE IN THE DEGP SOUTH HAS A HARD TIME. WHEN SOMETHING MIGHT BUST OUT AND JHA CROW SITS MIGHTY HEAVY ON AMAN'S SPIT, I HAVE A WIFE AND BABY. Now TAKE ROSA PARKS. SHE REALLY HAD cOyRaGa, SAT THERE IN THE BUS THAT NIGHT AND JUST QUIETLY SAID NO_WHEN THE BUS DRIVER TOLD HER ‘TO GIVE HER SEAT TO A WHITE MAN. DEFEND Wy RAJAILY | LATELY I'VE STARTED ‘| TO WONDER IF THAT REALLY WOULO BE COURAGE,{BECAUSE SHE WAS TIRED AND HER Fecracmcay AHAT NIGHT LCOULON'T SLECE 7 Mao ROSA PARKS REFUSED TO GNE UP HER SEATINS So yone Ue UAT WIFE THE BUS. ROSA PARKS WAS ARRESTED. : I ceciceo 70 TALK TO SOME OF MAY FRIENDS, THE VERY NEXT DAY. TESTING WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO ROSA INS FOR A ONE-DAY BoY- THEY WAKE US MOVE IE | corr or me elses. ANY WHITE PERSOM WANTS. OUR SEAT. WE OUGHT TO PROTEST-- ANO NOT RIDE. 2 ‘THE BUSES FOR A Day, ‘OUR LITTLE SHEET. EVERYONE WILL KNOW WHAT TO DO.1.08 ROQE IN A FRIEND'S CAR... OR HITCHED A RIDE ‘WITH NEGRO TAXI DRIVERS. ‘OUR PROTEST 1S A SUCCESS! NOCNE'S RIDING THOSE BUSES, ‘Duging THe DAY WE FORMED A COMMITTEE. TH "THE CRowOS WERE HUSE. WE USED NIGHT WE HAD MEETINGS IN THE CHURCHES. LOUDSPEAKERS 60 THAT THOSE WHO COULON'T GET IN couLD NEAR WHAT WE'RE CALLING OURSELVES THE || WHS, HAPPENING FROW OUT ON THE MONTGOMERY IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION. at WANT SOU TO WE'RE GOING TO SEE TOIT THAT fae EET THE LEADER WE NEGROES ARE TREATED FAIRLY IN THE BUSES OF MONTSOMERY,. (AT Tuat TIME 1 RNEW JARTIN LUTHER KIN OMLY SLIGHTLY, BUT I SON LEARNED THAT A NEW AND IMPORTANT LEADER HAD COME ON THE SCENE ONE AMERICA WOULD FEEL PROUD. OF. ‘YOU ALL KNOW OF THE Success CF OUR ONE-DAY PROTEST. BUT A SINGLE DAY 1S NOT ENOUGH. LET'S S7aY OFF THE BUSES. UNTIL WE CAN RIDE THEM WITH DIGNITY, LETS WALK 70 FREEDOM! ha HAVE CHOSEN TODAY, REVEREND MARTIN THIS IS A NONVIOLENT PROTEST AGAINST INJUSTICE. OUR CHIEF WEAPONS ARE MORAL AND: SPIRITUAL FORCES. WE DEPEND ON LOVE! LOVE AND GOODWILL TOWARD ALL MEN UST BE AT THE FOREFRONT OF, ‘OUR MOVEMENT IE IT 1S 70 BE SUCCESSFUL.WALK WITH GIGNITY...THAN RIDE IN HUMILIATION! IND $0 BEGAN THE W.ALM 70 FREEDOM. CURING THE DOY WE WALKED.,..AT NIGHT WE HELD PRAYER MEGTINGS. _/) ‘ARE. WE GOING TO RIDE YESS BETTER TO “THOSE BUSES? ‘ARE WE GOINS We WaLien AND WALKED ANO WALKED..AND "THINGS WERE GOING ALMOST TOO GOOD. THERE SOMETIMES THUMBED A RIDE LIKE ANY WITCH: WAS BOUND TO BE TROUBLE. ROOM FOR EVERYEOOY! STEP. RIGHT IN--THEAE'S NO CHARGE! THAT'S JUST GREAT! OTHERWISE I HAVE TO WALK FOUR MILES: STHE Pouce OFFICERS KEPT BOTHERING UB. TH STOPPED MARTIN LUTHER King'é car. | WE WEREN'T GONG TO SNE UR! We ny WEN sreeren See DECIDED TO BUY STATION WAGONS WITH TRIBUTION SENT IN. BY WHITE AND NESRO SYMPATHIZERS ALL OVER ‘THE COUNTRY,;. SOMETHING HAPPENED ON THAT ARS, KING WAS AT HOME TALKING TO A THAT TOUCHED #1 HEART AND DID SOMBTHING "FRIEND... . MART LUTHER ug ys SPEAKING AT Ap CORRTTA EON WHY DONT HS, REVERENO KING! FIRST THINS 1 WANT YOU TO KNOW IS THAT CORETTA ANO THE BABY ARE ALL RIGHT, THEN T'VE GOT TO TELL YOU THEY'VE JUST, EXPLODED A BOMB IN YOUR HaME! + JARTIN LUTHER KING RUSHEO HOME. A CROWO WAS Laren,» WE WALKED BACK THROUGH “GATHERED pee THEY WERE IN AN ANGRY MOOD, THE NISHT TO FO ANSWER VIOLENCE WITH VIOLENCE. AND THEN CUR HOMES... KING SPOKE TO THEM. WE ARE baine 1s aigii, WHat WE ARE CONG,‘THouGH We TRIEO TO LOVE OUR ENEMIES, THEIR HEARTS WERE NOT SOFTENED TOWARD US, IN THEIR ATTEMPT TO BREAK UP CUR GUS PROTEST, THEY INDICTED 95 OF CUR LEADERS, INCLUDING * E.D. NICON, OF THE SLEEPING "THOSE ARRESTS WERE LAST MINUTE DESPERA- ‘TON MEASURES GN THE PART OF THOSE WHO KNEW THAT SOME: DAY SOON, RISHT AND USTICE WOULD PREVAIL, AS REVEREND RALPH ABERNATHY SAID... — AT THIS MOMENT, THE SUPREME COURT IS CONSIDERING OUR, CASE AGAINST THE BUS COMPANY. ONE DAY SOON WE ARE GOING BACK TO THE BUSES. WE MUST GET READY FOR MOVE ALONG, THERE! GET TO THE BACK ‘OF THE BUS! THANK SOU, MR. BUS DRIER, BUT THE BACK 15 CROWDED. 1 THINK TLL TAKE THIS EMPTY WE WERE THRILLED 7o $6 Many cr OUR LEADERS SURRENDER WITHOUT GEING HUNTED owt We Bean 10 MAKE PREPARATIONS. FOR WHAT WE WIGULD DO WHEN WE GOT BACK ON THE BUSES. THINGS WOULD BE DIFFERENT. WE ACTED IT NOW, Tmt THE BUS DRIVER, ANO CATHER- INE HERE ICOM ING ABOARD 19 Patt HER FARE. AND SHE'S _4 COMING IN THROUGH WONT HELP, HOW WE GOT Dut wusT READY 70.60. BUSES. 10 MAKE SURE We WOULD Nor Be ACCUSED OF MIOLENCE, WE DECIDED: TO Case OUR HANDS IW OUR LAPS: AND NOT USE THEM ABAINGT | ‘ANYONE, NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENED.ON DECEMBER 21, WE WENT BACK ON THE BUSES. SOMEONE SHOUTED VILE AND ABUSE SUPREME | WORDS AT A YOUNG FELLOW WHO WAG GETTING ONCE T WOULD HAVE: BUS SEGREGATION GOTTEN SORE ABOUT THAI HLLEGAL IN | ANO SHOUTED DIRTY WORDS BACK-AND MAYBE HIT 3 BACK! 7 Bur Now (7 was OFFERENT FOR ALL OF US. WE NE BUS ORWER MADE A WOMAN PAY ALL JUST SMILED. AND THAT DIOGOMETHING HER FARE TWICE. ee TD THE MAN WHO SHOUTED. THE NEWSPAPER peas FELLOWS TOO HIS PICTURE... AC Se Ren TAM! BUTITS) TDON'T WANT YOU HEY! YOU'RE SMILING! 7 PRETTY HARO TO. THOUGHT YOU WERE aD }{ STAY MAD WHEN ‘AT THESE PEOPLE! THEY DON'T FisiaT We a (ON ANOTHER BUS, SOMEONE SLAPPED A AN, I COULD REALLY WALLCR HIM HE'S SMALLER THAN ME! BUT I'M GOING TO REMEM- BER WHAT REVERENO KINGne KeU RLU KLAN BARDEN TH eer StnoaTe . (CROSSES WERE BURNED IN THE NIGHT... ONE OF THE HOMES BOMBED WAS THAT OF REVEREND ROBERT GRAETZ, WHITE PASTOR OF A NEGRO LUTHERAN CHURCH, WHO HAD BEEN ONG OF U6 RIGHT FROM THE 1AM PLANTING A TREE IN THIS PONE CRATER TO REMIND US THAT INTHE wIDET OF OSS TH, THERE, ID HOPE. Negro CHURCHES WERE BOMBED AND AN UNEX- PLODED BOMB WAS FOUND GN KING'S FRONT. PORCH, BUT NOW MONTGOMERY'S LAW-ABIDING WHITE ‘CITIZENS TURNED AGAINST THE VIOLENCE, GOT To STOR ‘AGREE, SPREADING. I'VE THROWN MY GUM AWA’ Tene tongues age Were ue el FF HAD GOTTEN MUCH TOO HEAVY FOR ME EVER TO LIFT AgAIN!MARTIN LUTHER KING TELLS HOW A NATION WON ITS FREEDOM a THE MONTGOMERY METHOD ang BEFORE OUR. WALK 70 FREEDOM, een ey tae. PEOPLE WON = "AAAHATMA GANDHI STARTED HIS CAMPAIGN FOR FREEDOM IN INGA IN 1919. IT LOGHED era THE sani AND AGAIN THEY PUT GANDHI IN BUT THAT DID NOT STOP Hin. HE WOULD er ae Tine AND A We WAS, “STHE NEW CAMPAIGN MEANT SUFFERING AN EVEN DBATH, WHEN GANDHI CALLEO ON THE PECPLE TO FAST AND PRAY TO PROTEST A BAD i, THE BRITISH SHOT DOWN HUNDREDS OF ‘THEM AT AMRITSAR. IT RAISED HORRIFIED PROTESTS ALL OVER THE WORLD.” ges Missin oF OFT REORER PROM IN OIA WER CALLED 'UNTOUE }! THEY COULD NOT EVEN tise Tee Pusu Hi Hornet GANGA RENAMED THEA, 'HARLJAN CHILDREN OF $00, Ai AND ‘te THEM TO STAND IN THE FORBIDDEN ROAD, IF TOGK 16 MONTHS OF STANDING, an SEN en TH es GAVE IN AND“THE BRMSH PUT 4 TAX ON SALT, AND SAID. my INDIANS COULD NOT MAKE THEIR GWM SALT. U aeee oe e Btio 10 Meee coNTASL GANDHI WALKED WITH HIS FOLLOWERS 200. Ld ie REC eee THEIR JAILS WERE FILLED WITH INGIA'S BEST-LOVED LEADERS, INCLUOING SUCH MEN. CETHERING SOUT, (ees AS NEURU, WHO LATER BECAME PRIME SCON THE Se, fi MINISTER.” JAILS WERE AND THE BRITISH “Besices, THE NEWS THAT BAINSH FINALLY THE BRITISH GAVE IN AND GRANTED INDIA'S SOLDIERS WERE SHOOTING UNARMED ~\ INDEPENDENCE, GANDHI HAD MADE A REVOLUTION (MEN AND WOMEN ANC PUTTING LEADERS. bpm RING A SHOT.” ge= ; IN JAIL, WAS TROUBLING THE BRITIGH AT /_iaere — HOME.” THE VOTERS IN MY DIS— TRET DON'T LIKE WHAT WERE IT WAGNT EAGY. IT TOOK YEARS OF NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE, MANY LONG HOURS OF PRAYER ANO SUFFERING. THE INOVANS WERE SHOT AND BEATEN, BUT NEVER LICKED, THEY WON THEIR FREEDOM-ANO SOMETHING ELSE, 700. THEY WON THE FRIENDSHIP ANO RESPECT OF THE GRITISH, THiS 1S THE UNUSUAL THING ABOUT NONWOLENCE— NOBODY | DEFEATED, EVERVEODY SHARES INTHE VICTORY.IN MONTGOMERY WE USED THIS NONVIOLENT CHRETIAN ACTION TO GET JIM CROW OFF THE BUSES. IT CAN BE USEO ANYWHERE, THOUGH, AGAINST ANY KIND OF EVIL. HERE IS HOW IT WORKS, 4 Fiesr, remenger THAT YOU CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT. THE SITUATION, WOT JUST THE GOVERNMENT, OR SOME BIG ORGANIZATION, BUT YOU. GOD SAYS YOu (ARE IMPORTANT. HE NEEDS YOUTO CHANGE THINGS. THe SECOND THING “1S (AUCH HARDER. GOD Loves YOUR ENEMY, 00, AND THAT MAKES HIM WPORTANT TO “100. YOU HANE TO SEE HIM AS A HUNAN BEING, LIKE ‘YOURSELF. YOY. HAVE TO_TRY To. uNDER- STAND HIM AND SYMPATHIFE WITH HIM. To see your ENEMY AS (A HUMAN BEING, YOU HAVE ‘TO 6TOP SEEING HIM AS “YOUR ENEMY. EVEN WHEN HE DOES CRUEL, HEART: LESS THINGS TO.0U, HE IS A CHILD OF GOO, HE'S ‘YOUR BROTHER, EVEN WHEN HE HURTS YOU.Harcest of ALL, You HAVE TO HELP YOUR ENEMY TO SEE YOUAS A HUMAN BEING. HE aS TOSEE YOU AS A PERSON Tru 6s easier FoR HIM 70 S88 YoU THIS WAY. JR-YOU ACT LIKE A BROTHER. $0, EVEN WHEN HE TRIES TO HURT YOU, YOU MUST NOT STRIKE BACK. EVEN IN YOUR THOUGHTS, YOU MUST MOT STRIKE BACK. YOU MUST GO ON LOVING HIM. LIKE THE SCHOALSIRL UF TLE ROCK, 0U A ‘MUST SAY, FATHER, FORGIVE THEM, FOR Trey haow NOT WHEAT MEY Bo,” “OU THIS WAY. FOU HAVE TO D0. SOMETHING TO STOP HIM, yt LOVE, THOUSH, YOU AWAY THE REASON FORNExt, BG cure You ARE READY, JOIN WITH OTHERS. WHO FEEL THE WAY YOU DO. - MAKE SURE MONTGOMERY. YOU CAN FACE ANY GPPOsI- TION WITHOUT HITTING BACK, OR RUNNING AWAY, ‘OR HATING. way OR HOW LONG THE STRUGGLE, WHEN MY FRIEND, THE REV. RALPH ABERNATHY, FOUND HIMSELF ABOUT 70 BE PUT IN AIL IN MONTGOMERY, HE PRAYED, "GOD, I’M AFRAID 1 6070 ualL. IVE NEVER SEEN IN JAIL BEFORE. IT 60,600, WILL YOU GO WITH MER"(AND GOD ANSWERED, YRALPH, YOU GO AHEAD TOUAIL, AND WHEN YOU GET THERE, You'LL FINDME WAITING THERE FOR YOU." THAT'S HOW IT WILL BE WITH YOU, TOO. WHEN THE GOING GETS HARDEET, IF You REMAN ‘TRUE. TO CHRISTIAN LOVE, YOU'LL FIND GOD WAITING THERE FOR YOU, HOLDING ‘YOU AND SUPPORTING YOU, GIVING YOU A VICTORY FAR BEYOND WHAT YOU