MALAD KANDIVLI EDUCATION SOCIETYS

NAGINDAS KHANDWALA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND

MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND SHANTABEN NAGINDAS KHANDWALA
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
RE-ACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH A GRADE &
ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED

A PROJECT
ON

Kunwer Sachdev
In the subject Entrepreneurship Management

SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI,
FOR SEMESTER IV OF

MASTER OF COMMERCE
BY

Kunal Vora
Div: B Roll no: 24
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Bharat Pithadia

YEAR - 2015 16
e-mail : nagindaskhandwalac@hotmail.com / ancyjose@vsnl.net
Website : www.khandwalacollege.ac.in

Tel. : 28072262 / 28085424

28013433 / 28086427

Page 1 of 29

Tele fax: 28650461

MALAD KANDIVLI EDUCATION SOCIETYS

NAGINDAS KHANDWALA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND

MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND SHANTABEN NAGINDAS KHANDWALA
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
RE-ACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH A GRADE &
ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED

Bhavishya Bharat Campus, S.V. Road, Malad (West), Mumbai 400 064.

DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I, Kunal Vora student of M Com Part-II Roll Number 24 hereby declare that the project for the
Paper titled, Entrepreneurship Management Kunwer Sachdev submitted by me for
Semester IV during the academic year 2015-16, is based on actual work carried out by me
under the guidance and supervision of Prof. Bharat Pithadia.

Signature of Student

EVALUATION CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the undersigned have assessed and evaluated the project on
Kunwer Sachdev submitted by Kunal Vora Student of M Com Part-II. This project is
original to the best of our knowledge and has been accepted for Internal Assessment.

Internal Examiner
Prof. Bharat Pithadia.

External Examiner

Principal
Dr (Mrs) Ancy Jose

Page 2 of 29

NAGINDAS KHANDWALA COLLEGE

Internal Assessment: Project 40 Marks
Name of the Student
First name

Class

Division

Roll
Number.

M COM

24

: Kunal

Fathers Name: Nitin

PART II
Surname

: Vora

Subject: Entrepreneurship Management

Topic for the Project: Kunwer Sachdev

Marks Awarded Signature

DOCUMENTATION
Internal Examiner
(Out of 10 Marks)
External Examiner
(Out of 10 Marks)
Presentation
(Out of 10 Marks)
Viva and Interaction
(Out of 10 Marks)

TOTAL MARKS (Out of 40)

Page 3 of 29

ACKNOWLEGEMENT
Presentation inspiration & motivation have always played a key role in the success of any
venture. I express my sincere thanks to principal ANCY JOSE OF Nagindas Khandwala
College, Malad , Mumbai. I pay my deep sense of gratitude PROF. BHARAT PITHADIA to
encourage me to the highest peak and to provide mean opportunity to prepare the project. I am
immensely obliged to my friends for their elevating inspiration, encouraging guidance and kind
supervision in the completion of my project. I feel to acknowledge my indebtedness and deep
sense of gratitude to my guide PROF. BHARAT PITHADIA whose valuable guidance and kind
supervision given to me throughout the course which shaped

the present work as its show.

Last but not the least, my parents are also an important inspiration for me.

Page 4 of 29

INDEX
CHAPTER-1 : ENTERPRENUERSHIP MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER-2 : CASE STUDY (Kundera Sachem)

25

BIBLIOGRAPHY

29

Page 5 of 29

Chapter 1: Entrepreneurship Management

Q1. WORKING CAPITAL? DISCUSS ITS SOURCES?
The two segments of working capital viz., regular or fixed or permanent and variable are
financed by the long-term and the short-term sources of funds respectively.
1. Loans from Commercial Banks:
Small-scale enterprises can raise loans from the commercial banks with or without security. This
method of financing does not require any legal formality except that of creating a mortgage on
the assets.
2. Public Deposits:
Often companies find it easy and convenient to raise short- term funds by inviting shareholders,
employees and the general public to deposit their savings with the company.
3. Trade Credit:
Just as the companies sell goods on credit, they also buy raw materials, components and other
goods on credit from their suppliers.
4. Factoring:
Factoring is a financial service designed to help firms in managing their book debts and
receivables in a better manner. The book debts and receivables are assigned to a bank called the
'factor' and cash is realized in advance from the bank.
.5. Discounting Bills of Exchange:
When goods are sold on credit, bills of exchange are generally drawn for acceptance by the
buyers of goods.
6. Bank Overdraft and Cash Credit:
Overdraft is a facility extended by the banks to their current account holders for a short-period
generally a week. A current account holder is allowed to withdraw from its current deposit
account up to a certain limit over the balance with the bank.
Q2.WHAT IS FIXED CAPITAL? EXPLAIN THE FACTORS INFLUENCING FIXED
CAPITAL?
6 important factors affecting the requirement of fixed capital
Page 6 of 29

(1) Nature of Business:

Need of fixed capital depends upon the nature of business. Usually, nature of business is of two
kinds: Manufacturing Business and Trading Business.
(2) Scale of Operations:
Larger the spread of business activities, greater is the need for fixed capital. If a manufacturing
enterprise is operating on a small scale, it will require less amount of fixed capital.
(3) Choice of Technique:
Those manufacturing enterprises which make use of modern and automatic machines need large
amount of fixed capital.
(4) Technology Up gradation:
There are some businesses where fixed asset is used and which does require immediate change.
These days computer technology is undergoing rapid changes.
(5) Growth Prospects:
There are two types of organizations from the point of view of growth: (i) such organizations,
which have no possibility of growth.
(6) Diversification:
Diversification means running business in more products then merely one product. Those
organizations which wish to adopt diversification certainly need more fixed capital.
Q3. Explain the external factors affecting capital structure of a firm?

The external factors which are affecting the capital structure are as follows:1) Economic Conditions: If the economy is in state of depression, preference is given to equity
Page 7 of 29

form of capital which involves less amount of risk but it is avoided in some cases where the
investor is not ready to take the risk. In this case company go on with the borrowed capital.
2) Interest Rates level : Form of borrowed capital will be delayed if the funds are available in
high rates of interest but raising is not favorable.
3) Lending Policy: If policy is hard to understand and not flexible then it is good to go with the
borrowed capital.
4) Taxation Policy: This policy should be viewed from both the sides from individual as well as
corporate perspective. From the individual point of view both interest as well as dividend will
be taxable in hands of lender.
Q4. Factors Affecting Working Capital or Determinants of Working Capital?
1. Size of Business
Working capital requirement of a firm is directly influenced by the size of its business operation.
Big business organizations require more working capital than the small business organization.
Therefore, the size of organization is one of the major determinants of working capital.
2. Nature of Business
Working capital requirement depends upon the nature of business carried by the firm. Normally,
manufacturing industries and trading organizations need more working capital than in the
service business organizations. A service sector does not require any amount of stock of goods.
In service enterprises, there are less credit transactions. But in the manufacturing or trading
firm, credit sales and advance related transactions are in large amount.
3. Storage Time or Processing Period
Time needed for keeping the stock in store is called storage period. The amount of working
capital is influenced by the storage period. If storage period is high, a firm should keep more
quantity of goods in store and hence requires more working capital. Similarly, if the processing
time is more, then more stock of goods must be held in store as work-in-progress.
Page 8 of 29

4. Credit Period
Credit period allowed to customers is also one of the major factors which influence
the requirement of working capital. Longer credit period requires more investment
in debtors and hence more working capital is needed. But, the firm which allows
less credit period to customers needs less working capital.
5. Seasonal Requirement
In certain business, raw material is not available throughout the year. Such
business organizations have to buy raw material in bulk during the season to
ensure an uninterrupted flow and process them during the entire year. Thus, a
huge amount is blocked in the form of raw material inventories which gives rise to
more working capital requirements.
6. Potential Growth or Expansion of Business
If the business is to be extended in future, more working capital is required. More
amount of working capital is required to meet the expansion need of business.
Q5.elaborate the importance of microfinance?
Microfinance is a source of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking
access to banking and related services. The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial
services to such clients are: (1) relationship-based banking for individual entrepreneurs and
small businesses; and (2) group-based models, where several entrepreneurs come together to
apply for loans and other services as a group. In some regions, for example Southern Africa,
microfinance is used to describe the supply of financial services to low-income employees,
which is closer to the retail finance model prevalent in mainstream banking.
For some, microfinance is a movement whose object is "a world in which as many poor and
near-poor households as possible have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality
financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers."
Many of those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor
people out of poverty, including participants in the Microcredit Summit Campaign. For others,

Page 9 of 29

microfinance is a way to promote economic development, employment and growth through the
support of micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses.
Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is
provision of credit services to poor clients. Microcredit is one of the aspects of microfinance
and the two are often confused. Critics may attack microcredit while referring to it
indiscriminately as either 'microcredit' or 'microfinance'. Due to the broad range of microfinance
services, it is difficult to assess impact, and very few studies have tried to assess its full impact.
Proponents often claim that microfinance lifts people out of poverty, but the evidence is mixed.
What it does do, however, is to enhance financial inclusion.
Q6. DISCUSS THE OBJECTIVES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME?
The basic objectives of EDP are to:
1. Develop and strengthen entrepreneurial quality, i.e., motivation or need for achievement.
2. To analyze environmental set up relating to small industry and promoting it.
3. Removing unemployment
4. Enhancing industrial development
5. Developing industrially backward region.
6. Select project/product.
7. Formulate the project.
8. Understand the process and procedure involved in setting up small units.
9. Know the sources of help and support available for starting a small-scale industry.
10. Acquire necessary managerial skill required to run the industrial unit.
11. Know the pros and cons of being an entrepreneur.
12. Helping the person to understand environmental changes and opportunities.
13. Acquaint and appreciate the needed social responsibility/ entrepreneurial discipline.
Q7. WRITE A DETAILED NOTE ON JOINT VENTURE?
A joint venture (JV) is a business agreement in which the parties agree to develop, for a finite
time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. They exercise control over the
enterprise and consequently share revenues, expenses and assets. There are other types of
Page 10 of 29

companies such as JV limited by guarantee, joint ventures limited by guarantee with partners
holding shares.
Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to gain faster entry into a
new market; to acquire expertise; to increase production scale, efficiencies, or coverage; or to
expand business development by gaining access to distributor networks.[1]
A joint venture takes place when two parties come together to take on one project. In a joint
venture, both parties are equally invested in the project in terms of money, time, and effort to
build on the original concept. While joint ventures are generally small projects, major
corporations also use this method in order to diversify. A joint venture can ensure the success of
smaller projects for those that are just starting in the business world or for established
corporations. Since the cost of starting new projects is generally high, a joint venture allows
both parties to share the burden of the project, as well as the resulting profits.
Since money is involved in a joint venture, it is necessary to have a strategic plan in place. In
short, both parties must be committed to focusing on the future of the partnership, rather than
just the immediate returns. Ultimately, short term and long term successes are both important. In
order to achieve this success, honesty, integrity, and communication within the joint venture are
necessary.
Q8.STATE AND EXPLAIN VARIOUS METHODS THROUGH WHICH
ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT CAN BE IMPARTED TO
ENTREPRENEURS?
Entrepreneurship development is the process of improving the skills and knowledge of
entrepreneurs through various training and classroom programs. The whole point of
entrepreneurship development is to increase the number of entrepreneurs.
1. Outline the objectives of the program and focus on the
venture development
Entrepreneurship development aims at individuals who want to start or possibly expand
a business. Entrepreneurship development also focuses a lot on enhancing the ideas and
potential of an entrepreneur.
Page 11 of 29

2. Select educated people who have high entrepreneurial

potential
An entrepreneurship development program requires that various people be selected.
However, most programs tend to look for a specific group of educated people rather than
target everyone.
3. Select uneducated people who have high entrepreneurial
potential
A development project on womens entrepreneurship in Nepal was recently conducted. It
was found that women who couldnt meet the essential needs of their family or
themselves were usually more eager to learn about different ways to earn money as
compared to women who were better off. However, such women usually face many
problems.
4. Provide support through private sector-based organizations
Support should be obtained from private organizations that are both financial and
knowledge-based. This helps reduce the cost of the entrepreneurship development
program and increases its effectiveness.
5. Provide an easy yet detailed methodology that will help
entrepreneurs improve in the short and long-run
Entrepreneurial development programs aim at being simple to understand and teach
skills that entrepreneurs can use after the program. It also contains courses that aim at
developing their skills and ideas. These are required if entrepreneurs wish to
successfully exploit the local market.
Q9. DESCRIBE THE BENEFITS OF ACQUISITION TO AN ENTREPRENEUR?
Page 12 of 29

1. Capital, cash and credit

How are you going to scale your business in todays challenging economy? Its getting harder
and harder to obtain lines of credit and loans from banking institutions. The U.S. Small Business
Administrations Office of Advocacy reported that bank lending to small businesses fell by $15
billion in the first quarter of 2011.
2. Customers
Peter Drucker once said, The purpose of business is to create a customer. I say the purpose of
a merger is to create a more satisfied customer. Combining customer lists is the first step. The
work continues with an assessment of how the merged company plans to build deeper
relationships by passing down the benefits created by the merger. Ask yourself during the
merger process,
3. Management talent and experts
Merging presents the opportunity to team up with experts who bring their vision, management
and technical know-how to the table. The ability to leverage management capabilities is a skill
and an asset.
4. New markets
Merging with another company provides the opportunity to increase market share and expand
into new geographies and sectors. Suveen Sahib, Group COO and CEO, Americas of EBS
Worldwide, a marketing and technology company, merged his company that had a premerger
value of $7 million to create a company valued at $15 million.
5. Product development
Joining forces with another enterprise can create innovation in manufacturing, distribution,
design and research and development. Before the EBS Worldwide merger, the company offered
two service lines. Now they offer five service lines. Before the Hamburger merger, regulatory,
compliance and securities clients were going elsewhere for M&A services. Now these clients
can benefit from Hamburgers M&A capacity.
Page 13 of 29

Q 10. NOTE ON ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN PROVIDING INCENTIVES AND

SUBSIDIES TO ENTREPRENEURS?
1. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
mission is to develop agricultural commodities and processed food to promote exports.
APEDA provides financial support for packaging development, export promotion and
market development etc.
2. Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) covers setting up technology
upgradation, modernization of food processing industries in fruits & vegetables, pulses
etc. The scheme provides 25% of the cost of plant & machinery and technical civil
works subject to a maximum of Rs.50 lakhs in general areas and 33% up to Rs.75 lakhs
in difficult areas like NER.
3. National Horticulture Board (NHB) provides financial support for land development,
cultivation expenses, poly house or shade nets, farm tools etc
4. Ambedkar Hastshilp Vikas Yojana (AHVY) wherein the main thrust is on a projected,
need based approach for integrated development of potential handicrafts clusters with
participation of the craft persons at all stages for implementation of the scheme. AHVY
extends financial support for development & supply of improved modern tools, design &
technical development workshops, training, organizing seminar & exhibitions etc. For
details please visit
5. Market Access Initiative (MAI) scheme is an Export Promotion Scheme formulated on
focus product- focus country approach to evolve specific strategy for specific market
and specific product through market studies/ survey. MAI provides financial support for
opening showroom & warehouses, display in international departmental stores, publicity
campaign and branch promotion etc.
6. Tea Board extends support towards plantation, irrigation, transport vehicle, exhibitions,
advertisement etc. for details please visit
7. Coffee Board extends support towards replantation, water augmentation, quality
upgradation etc. for details please visit
Page 14 of 29

8. Coconut Development Board provides financial support for production & distribution of
planting material, integrated farming for productivity improvement, market promotion,
coconut palm insurance scheme etc.

Q11.DISCUSS THE CHALENGES FACED BY ENTREPRENEURS IN THE AREA OF

FINANCE AND HRM?
If you're considering outsourcing HR, keep in mind the following challenges:
1. Disconnection with staff: The word "human" isn't part of the title "human resources" for
nothing. HR representatives are critical to helping employees feel like they have a voice and are
valued. Transferring these duties to computer software or to an off-campus third party can lead
to staff feeling disconnected from their employers and employers not fully understanding their
staffs' needs.
2. Reduced flexibility: In smaller-sized businesses especially, HR reps and managers can help
employees out in a pinch -- paying out unused vacation days in an emergency or letting them
dip into next year's leave early. When HR becomes automated and/or outsourced, these types of
accommodations for loyal workers can be difficult if not impossible.
3. Problems that take longer to fix: In situations where an error's been made -- say with
payroll or with the number of vacation days an employee has -- going through a third-party
vendor can mean a long wait before the error is fixed, leaving the employee angry or frustrated.
In addition, when an employee quits and the business is using an outside recruiter, the hiring
and training process can take longer than an in-house HR department, which can be more
proactive about hiring and training employees before positions even become open.
4. Fewer choices: Companies using a Professional Employer Organization (PEO) to handle
everything from hiring to firing and payroll to insurance might find that they have fewer choices
when it comes to selecting benefits for their organization. By handing off control of certain
functions to a third-party, you're also limiting your company to whatever packages that PEO has
to offer.
Page 15 of 29

5. Security issues: Many service providers use web-hosted software to handle HR functions,
leaving sensitive employee information vulnerable to security threats as well as crashes.
Checking your vendor's security record and calling references is essential will shopping around
for any web-hosted HR services.

Q12. WRITE A NOTE ON TIME MANAGEMENT?

Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the
amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency or
productivity.
It is a meta-activity with the goal to maximize the overall benefit of a set of other activities
within the boundary condition of a limited amount of time.
Time management may be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time
when accomplishing specific tasks, projects, and goals complying with a due date. Initially, time
management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to
include personal activities as well. A time management system is a designed combination of
processes, tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is usually a necessity in any
project development as it determines the project completion time and scope.
The major themes arising from the literature on time management include the following:

Creating an environment conducive to effectiveness

Setting of priorities

Carrying out activity around those priorities

The related process of reduction of time spent on non-priorities

Incentives to modify behavior to ensure compliance with time-related deadlines.

Time management has been considered to be a subset of different concepts such as:

Project management: Time Management can be considered to be a project management

subset and is more commonly known as project planning and project scheduling. Time

Page 16 of 29

Management has also been identified as one of the core functions identified in project
management.

Attention management: Attention Management relates to the management of cognitive

resources, and in particular the time that humans allocate their mind (and organize the
minds of their employees) to conduct some activities.

Q13. WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES FACED BY ENTREPRENEUR IN THE AREAS OF

MARKETING?
At the beginning, building a business is exciting. That's when most people tell you you're doing
the right thing, and all of the forecasts you create show you becoming a millionaire in no time.
It's when the first potential customer says "No way, why would I want that?" that you have to
face doubt. Until you have dozens of employees and have been operating for several years, the
entrepreneur IS the business.
Product market fit
It's hard to find a good market that has a problem and money to pay for a solution, and
then to match that market up with your product in a way that fits perfectly. We call this
"product-market fit". The thing that makes it particularly hard is that there aren't often
clear signals telling you when you've got product-market fit or not. It takes a lot of
experimentation with product design, pricing, distribution, etc. before you really have
something that PERFECTLY fills a niche that needs to be filled. This is what
entrepreneurship is all about. I don't know all the answers on this, but I'd recommend
reading "The Lean Startup", which is a book that talks a lot about product-market fit.
Recruiting
There aren't many businesses that will operate on the back of one single student. You
have classes to attend to, and one person can only do so much. You need help. That
means you have to convince other people to join you in your project. But recruiting is a
significant challenge. How do you motivate people to join you in achieving your vision?
How do you make sure you're getting quality people? Overcoming this challenge means
building your leadership skills.
Capital
Capital is money. You need capital. Your business needs capital. If you don't have
Page 17 of 29

capital, you need to get it, and until you have it, your business is on life-support. How do
you get capital? Sell something. Earn some funds and keep them in the business. Get
investors to give you capital. Find someone with capital and convince them to co-invest
in your business. Borrow money if you have to. Protect your relationships with the
people who loan you money or invest with you - always pay them back on time. You
need them (and their networks) to be there to support you with more capital for the rest
of your life, so always treat them well.
Q14. PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS?
1. Problem of Finance:
Finance is regarded as life-blood for any enterprise, be it big or small. However, women
entrepreneurs suffer from shortage of finance on two counts.
Firstly, women do not generally have property on their names to use them as collateral for
obtaining funds from external sources. Thus, their access to the external sources of funds is
limited.
2. Scarcity of Raw Material:
Most of the women enterprises are plagued by the scarcity of raw material and necessary inputs.
Added to this are the high prices of raw material, on the one hand, and getting raw material at
the minimum of discount, on the other.
3. Stiff Competition:
Women entrepreneurs do not have organizational set-up to pump in a lot of money for
canvassing and advertisement.
4. Limited Mobility:
Unlike men, women mobility in India is highly limited due to various reasons. A single woman
asking for room is still looked upon suspicion.
5. Family Ties:
Page 18 of 29

In India, it is mainly a womens duty to look after the children and other members of the family.
Man plays a secondary role only. In case of married women, she has to strike a fine balance

Q15.WRITE A NOTE ON RURAL ENTREPRENEUR?

India is a country of villages. About three-fourth of India's population are living in rural areas
out of which 75% of the labour force is still earning its livelihood from agriculture and its allied
activities. Land being limited is unable to absorb the labour force in agriculture. Therefore, there
is a need to develop rural industries to solve rural unemployment and rural migration to cities.
Growth and development of rural economy is an essential pre-condition to development of the
nation as a whole. The gap between rural urban disparities should be lessened.
Rural industries and business organizations in rural areas generally associated with agriculture
and allied activities to agriculture. According to KVIC (Khadi and Village Industry
Commission), "village industries or Rural industry means any industry located in rural areas,
population of which does not exceed 10,000 or such other figure which produces any goods or
renders any services with or without use of power and in which the fixed capital investment per
head of an artisan or a worker does not exceed a thousand rupees".
Types of Rural Industries:
All the village industries come under the following broad categories:
Agro Based Industries: like sugar industries, jaggery, oil processing from oil seeds, pickles,
fruit juice, spices, dairy products etc.
Forest Based Industries: like wood products, bamboo products, honey, coir industry, making
eating plates from leaves.
Mineral based industry: like stone crushing, cement industries, red oxide making, wall coating
powders etc.
Textile Industry: like spinning, weaving, coloring, bleaching.
Page 19 of 29

Engineering and Services: like agriculture equipments, tractors and pump sets repairs etc.

Q16..DISCUSS IN BRIEF THE RECENT TRENDS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA?

Here are the top 10 trends:

Resurgence in Entrepreneurship: The overall economy is improving, and while the

recovery isn't as robust as it could be, there are indications that growth will continue in
2015. That is positive for small business owners and incentivizes others to either launch
or expand.

Big Data and Analytics drive growth: In 2015, we'll continue to see a split between
those businesses positioned to take advantage of the major trends and those that aren't. It
should be a great year for companies that are involved with the transformation of the
economy that is increasingly screen-based, big data or artificial-intelligence driven.
These companies don't need to get directly involve in these types of businesses to benefit
from them - although that would help.

Crowdfunding: Small business interested in investment capital to increasingly turn

their attention to crowdfunding. This new type of funding is gaining traction and
understanding, as the government has set guidelines and new platforms are being created
to organize the capital into larger and more meaningful amounts for small businesses.

Corporate become active: Angels and VC's have had a goldmine of opportunities to
invest in start-ups in the last few years. We saw some corporate begin to seek out startups for investment purposes. In 2015, this trend will accelerate. Capital may become
more readily available, but it will be more selective. A corporate backer would be
blissful to any new start-up given their strength and scale.

Better Efficiencies: Using the new age technology, the efficiencies of a lot of brands
have gone up big time. A simple internal WhatsApp group solves a lot of communication
lags. Similarly, a lot of better and more efficient technology (mobile based) shall be
making our 2015 better.

Page 20 of 29

Cloud and Mobility will start yielding results: In 2015, small businesses will begin to
see operational efficiencies gained from the adoption of cloud and mobile technologies.
As these hugely impactful technology platforms become pervasive, small businesses
across industries will become more agile and will deliver better, improved services to
their end users and customers. This will, in turn, empower small businesses to enjoy
better customer relationships and be more knowledgeable in their respective markets.

Cross-border Businesses: With technology, very few businesses are restricted to a city
or market. All businesses have a global opportunity set. This requires one to have
resources in multiple locations so as to cater to customers and stakeholders.

Experienced talent is Gold: Businesses will seek people in their late 20s or early 30s
that have 10 years experience and have seen rapid growth in technologies and
businesses since 2005. They have seen the advent of social media, the proliferation of
mobile devices etc. These people know how to adjust and pivot. All accelerating
business will pay a premium for this talent in 2015.

More women will take over: Just as we are starting to see globally, we believe more
women will rise to powerful positions in 2015.

Globalization of small businesses: In 2015, more and more companies will go

international. To be successful with this expansion, companies need to be competitive to
the local competitors and culturally adaptable. Entrepreneurs will need to be extremely
agile.

Q17..WRITE A NOTE ON THE NEED FOR STRENGTHENING ENTREPRENEUL

INITIATIVE OF YOUTH?
SBI Youth for India (SBI YFI) is an Indian rural fellowship programme initiated, funded and
managed by the State Bank of India (SBI) in partnership with reputed NGOs. It provides a
framework for India's bright young minds to join hands with rural communities, empathize with
their struggles and connect with their aspirations. The selected fellows work with experienced
NGOs on challenging grass root development projects.
The fellowship is an initiative to sensitize & provide avenues for the more privileged sections to
become aware of ground realities and contribute through their personal efforts towards building
strong cohesive communities; a pre-requisite for a stable socio-political environment, which in
Page 21 of 29

turn would lead to economic regeneration. The focus of the fellowship has been in generating
interest of the educated youth towards the social sector and in incubating the spirit of social
entrepreneurship.
The SBI Youth for India Fellowship was launched on 1 March 2011, in partnership with three
reputed NGOs: M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, BAIF Development Research
Foundation and Seva Mandir. All the three NGOs have more than two decades of experience in
the development sector.
The fellowship and its work has been appreciated by eminent personalities like Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
Kalam (ex-President of India), Mr. Ratan Tata (Chairman, Tata Group), D.S. Subbarao
(Governor, Reserve Bank of India), Mrs. Rajashree Birla (Director of the Aditya Birla Group of
Companies), Mr. O. P. Bhatt (Chairman, State Bank of India), and Professor M.S. Swaminathan
(the proponent of the Green Revolution in India) amongst others.
Objectives of the program
The Programmed seeks to help India secure an equitable and sustainable growth path by:
1. Providing educated Indian youth with an opportunity to touch lives and create positive
change at the grass root level in rural India.
2. Providing NGOs working on development projects in rural India with educated
manpower whose skill sets can be used to catalyze rural development.
3. Promoting a forum for the Programmed alumni to share ideas and contribute to rural
development throughout their professional life.
Q18.COMMENT ON THE FUTURE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA?
The future of entrepreneurship in India
Recently, India is considered to be amongst the three top investment destinations. According to
a report released by Evalueserve research, over 44 U.S. based VC firms are now seeking to
invest heavily in startups and early-stage companies in India. Reports from
PricwwaterhouseCoppers predict that between 2010 and 2024, 2219 multinational companies
will emerge from India.
Page 22 of 29

In conclusion, with a consistently growing local market for indigenous products, supported by a
reasonably efficient and transparent legal system, I believe India could potentially emerge as
one of the top 3 world economies in the world by 2020. This articles concludes with these lines
from The Mystery of Capital by Hernando de Soto.
People in developing countries are not pitiful beggars, are not helplessly trapped in obsolete
ways and are not uncritical prisoners of dysfunctional cultures. In fact, he says and I can vouch
from my experience that the developing world is teeming with entrepreneurs who possess an
astonishing ability to wring a profit out of practically nothing.
Q19.ROLE OF ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT CELL?
, IIT Kharagpur (E-Cell) is a non-profit students organization dedicated to promoting the spirit
of entrepreneurship among students throughout India. Established in 2006 under the aegis of
STEP (Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park), IIT Kharagpur, E-Cell has since been
involved in more than 35 startup companies in the initial stages of their existence. E-cell now
comes under Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, RMSOEE, IIT
Kharagpur. The basic aim of E-Cell is to encourage college-level students today to start their
own enterprise.[5] This, it does by the following means:

Organizing Workshops and Lectures periodically to create awareness about

entrepreneurship.

Functioning as a guide for students with creative ideas which can be transformed into
successful companies.

Providing Mentorship through individuals for students launching their start-ups.

Having realized the fulfilment of the aim of 'Promoting starting up', E-cell has now
started to 'Support Starting up' by various one of its kind ventures like Kharagpur Angel
Network, Startup Services Programmed, Start In Portal, etc.

E-Cell was formed in 2006, from the Students Chapter of TIETS (Technology Incubation and
Entrepreneurial Training Society), a body under SRIC (Sponsored Research and Industrial
Consultancy), IIT Kharagpur, by the efforts of some enterprising students. The first ever edition
of its flagship event, the Global Entrepreneurship Summit (GES) was held in 2007 (then known
as Entrepreneurship Summit or E-Summit), while that of its Nationwide drive, Entrepreneurship
Page 23 of 29

Awareness Drive (EAD) was organized in 2009. E-Cell today has more than 50 members from
within IIT Kharagpur, and several more outreach members from various other colleges in the
city.
E-Cell conducts a myriad of activities throughout the year, for the benefit of students within IIT
Kharagpur as well as those in other colleges throughout India.
Q20. DISCUSS THE PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN EXCLUSIVE INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY?
Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to creations of the intellect for which a monopoly
is assigned to designated owners by law. Some common types of intellectual property rights
(IPR) are trademarks, copyright, patents, industrial design rights, and in some jurisdictions trade
secrets: all these cover music, literature, and other artistic works; discoveries and inventions;
and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.
While intellectual property law has evolved over centuries, it was not until the 19th century that
the term intellectual property began to be used, and not until the late 20th century that it became
commonplace in the majority of the world.
By exchanging limited exclusive rights for disclosure of inventions and creative works, society
and the patentee/copyright owner mutually benefit, and an incentive is created for inventors and
authors to create and disclose their work. Some commentators have noted that the objective of
intellectual property legislators and those who support its implementation appears to be
"absolute protection". "If some intellectual property is desirable because it encourages
innovation, they reason, more is better. The thinking is that creators will not have sufficient
incentive to invent unless they are legally entitled to capture the full social value of their
inventions". This absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another
type of "real" property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric. Other recent developments in
intellectual property law, such as the America Invents Act, stress international harmonization.
Recently there has also been much debate over the desirability of using intellectual property
rights to protect cultural heritage, including intangible ones, as well as over risks of
commodification derived from this possibility. The issue still remains open in legal scholarship.

Page 24 of 29

Chapter 2: Case Study (Kunwar Saghdev)

Kunwer Sachdev (born 16 November 1962) is an Indian entrepreneur who is the founder and
Managing Director of Su-kam Power Systems Ltd, an India-based power solutions provider, and
a truly technology and innovation driven company. He founded Su-Kam in 1988 and today it is
a globally renowned company with its presence in 71 countries through product innovation,
design sensibility and sales distribution network.
Kunwer Sachdev lit up millions of homes in the country during power outages, and today SuKam is a leading manufacturer of intelligent power backup solutions, engineered to be energyefficient and environment-friendly. He has led Su-Kam from a modest background to a Rs 1,100
crore managed company in a relatively short span of time. Under his guidance, Su-Kam has
ventured into manufacturing eco-friendly solar solutions.
Su-Kam Power Systems
Limited is an India-based power solutions provider which sells its products in more than 70
countries. The company provides power back-up solutions for both domestic as well as
industrial markets, and focuses on eco-friendly energy solutions like solar power. Some of the
major products include solar charge controller, solar power conditioning units, solar grid-tie
inverters, solar off-grid power systems, home inverters, home UPS, Online UPS, line interactive
UPS, batteries, battery chargers and Battery Equalizers.
It sells through its network of 1,200 distributors and 25,000 dealers. Su-Kam Power Systems is
India's leading solar power solutions company.
History
Su-Kam was founded by Kunwer Sachdev in 1988 as a cable TV company with an investment
of Rs. 10000. Kunwer Sachdev said in an interview to Business Today that he was frustrated

Page 25 of 29

with frequent break-down of his home inverter, so one day he decided to open it to look for the
problem that is how he got the idea to manufacture inverters himself.
Sachdev stated in an interview that the first inverter he made after testing and experimentation
did not get a positive response, so he continued working on the product's technology and soon
Su-Kams inverters sales picked up. He also said in the same interview that Su-Kam was the
first Indian company to advertise in newspapers and to persuade dhaba owners across India to
put Su-Kams boards a marketing strategy which was followed by Vodafone and Airtel.
Corporate management and revenues
Kunwer Sachdev, the entrepreneur founder of Su-Kam Power Systems Limited is the Managing
Director of the company. The Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group and Temasek Holdings (the
investment arm of the Government of Singapore) together launched Reliance India Power Fund,
a $200 million private equity fund, which has invested 20% of the paid-up capital of the
company
In a press statement, Kunwer Sachdev has that Su-Kam is expected to make 1200 crore
revenues in fiscal year 2014-15 - Rs 500 crore would come from the battery business followed
by Rs 400 crore from the inverter sales, rooftop solar power business is expected to generate
around Rs 300 crore revenues.
Su-Kam is also planning to enter into consumer financing to target lower income groups. It is
going to debt up a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC). Sachdev said in an interview
to The Hindu that the investment on the venture to finance low-income consumers would be
Rs.20 crore. Su-Kam is expecting to bring Rs.10 crore and for the rest approach banks.
Innovations and patents
In public statements, Kunwer Sachdev has said that Su-Kam was the first Indian company to
introduce DSP sinewave inverters and plastic-body inverters in India.
Su-Kam is also said to have filed largest number of patents in the power back-up industry - an
average of 2 patents every month.

Page 26 of 29

Su-Kam was the first company in the world to launch plastic body inverters. India
Today included Su-Kam's plastic body inverters in the list of top 10 innovations of the decade in
2010. The design uses advanced plastics which can withstand high temperatures
Su-Kam launched India's first touchscreen Solar PCU which has MPPT solar charge controller.
It can be monitored through smartphones through its in-built Wi-Fi.
Su-Kam's focus on solar products
Su-Kam Power Systems has installed solar power systems across 10,000 houses in seven districts under
the Tamil Nadu Chief Ministers Solar Powered Green House Scheme
The company has installed 1MW Solar Power Plant at Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh.[26]
In May 2014 Su-Kam won a tender tender from Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development
Agency to install and commission solar power systems in 40,000 rural households in Uttar Pradesh. [27]
It also installed 250kwp mini off-grid solar system to electrify Fakirpura and Chanduahar villages in
Kannauj. These villages have never been electrified before. The inauguration of solar plant was done by
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav.
Su-Kam has installed 50kw solar grid-tie system at Delhi Jal Board's office in Delhi
Su-Kam installed 40kwp solar power system at Allied Engineering Works which is said to generate
56,000 units of electricity

Foreign operations and exports

Kunwer Sachdev has said in an interview to India Infoline that Su-Kam's exports are growing.
Su-Kam's total exports contribute around 12-15% of the revenue of its entire business, and most
of it comes from Africa. Su-Kam has also been awarded with the title 'Africa's Most Reliable
Inverter Brand'
Su-Kam has won a solar project to power 35 schools in Rwanda.[34] It has also set up a product
experience in Uganda. According to media statements, Su-Kam has solar projects in Nigeria,
Gabon, Afghanistan and Malawi.

Page 27 of 29

Awards
Su-Kam has won the following awards:
- National Quality Excellence Award 2014 for being the Most Innovative Company in the
Power Back up industry in India
- Innovative 100 Award 2013 by Inc. India magazine for bringing about technological
innovations in its products
- Asias Most Promising Brandin 2012-13 by World Consulting and Research Corporation
(WCRC)
- Su-Kam's solar power conditioning unit won the India Semiconductor Association's excellence
award in the energy category
- Award for 'Brand Excellence in Business Innovation' by Asian Leadership Awards
Su-Kam has been awarded 'Best Rural Solar Electrification Company of the Year' during Indian
Rooftop Solar Summit 2016.

Page 28 of 29

Bibliography.
1- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunwer_Sachdev
2- http://www.su-kam.com/kunwer-sachdev-md-su-kam.aspx
3- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-kam_Power_Systems

Page 29 of 29