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3. TeOpH5I II pacner B'o3fJ:ymHo-peaKTHBHbIX fJ:BnraTerreH (1987)

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Page - 47

and components

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DismarUing KL.M 737-400 Bace,lona Aiport

Between the end of April and the beginning of May 2006 AELS executed-the dismantling of a Boeing KLM 737-400, with the 'former' reg istr ati on PH -B T C that was parked in a corner .of Barce I on a Airport.

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Page - 49

Differential & Integral

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Mathematics

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Page - 53

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Ref: 1. http://www.intmath.com/lntegration!2 Ii1definite-integral.php

2. Change and Motion: Calculus Made Clear, 2nd Edition: Professor Michael Star bird, The University of Texas at Austin, : Lecture Eleven,

A Zan De Martino

"

Mathematics is the sculptureof thought.

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"IP 'Tutorial- Subnet Mask and Subnetting.' http://compne1;working.about.com/odlworkingwithipaddresses/alsubnetmask.htm.

"Subnetwork - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." http://en.wikipedia.org/wikilSubnetting. Syngress, and Syngress Media. ,]P Addressing and Subnetting, Including IPv6. Ist ed. Syngress, 1999.

Lammle 'T odd, Subnet in your head in 90 minutes! http://www.myanmarengineer .orgl subnet. pdf

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G£oo~QlG01I1

T 9 9

~~~~ GrJj(\)~;; (Enrico Forlanini) ~ C)?(J0l0) 61maS

U.JJ~ (J)')ro G61G~ :GS., ~ 9 Gmt: ~(Y.]')0l011 ~ ~ ~y~))oSOYJ~ ~ ~ l:~oot f.{J. G (\) cO ~ 0')") 81'm 000 (J ~:~: 01 011 ~§ ¢, (0" )~ 0')") ( ·9'" GO)

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Page - 78

Goo8:p8~01000511 ~9 ~ JOlGo:o)~~S'mGOO? ~l8(\)')d? GBBt!D 000"):~: G9G~:G8., d? ~rf)~9 ~05~ ~9 009 {)fS01I1

OQ '1 Q G (\)') rf) 'P {) ~:":X) 8 ~ c9 3 ¥:~: 03& (Dand r le ux )

~~~:!D mGaJ( Counter-rotating rotors O?o' ~:a:Y.):(§: '1.'1 G0l8 G(\):·0 G 9G~:G8,.. SQ 8 ~ 8 O?SQ~:l9l 00"):01000511 ~ 9 ~ 0.)) e(YY.) GO 90 (' o'J a 0)') ) ~c8 'oorl3~ {)W+9 JOG(\)') r1) ~ 000511

0e oGyp S'fJ ,B8":X) SC',? ~l:~~SO?pS G0.))rf)§Sa) ~rf) GO'J'(S(Jacques) t9 C',?:oSS .j')~:(1rf) ( Louis Breguet) d?9 tf) .Airfoll

GCB O? 9moS0.))~!D {)~:":X)8 ~ OO.oSll o.e0'1 yp S '[~ (1 rf) S(\) ~ 9 {)r!)co8.J.Y)(\) Gaa!D~d? 9 I9l0.? 8 00"): 0) 'Gyroplane No.1 O?GBBt m(Pf J GOOO~'~GC\Y.)rt)YJ8fS SQf~:c05SQ'~ rnoorf)~":X)~:

~Ol 00 0511 ~~ YJ ":X)¥:~8~ GO~o?(\)~: s1~ ~l8~0 c8~:0J) G ofjGofj

G ro:O? ~ co ~'(J(§~ I9S G f~ (If) ~ It ~ 0 c8~: ~":X) ~:G ,{) ~ GOO: coS o rf) 00 SGJ d)mG f C',?~rf)~: c8~:0?8CO):9a? SQG f SQa:Y.):I9S ~ 01 000511 ~ l8~ 0c8 ~:t01'oS( 0) OJ) 0 00 ~ ~:C',? (QOO t:c9 9 0') oS0.))~~ 9 ti?; 8GO (a)o? ~9 1 ~oS~ oS O?JoSC1tJoSYJ":X)~:f~:~l:GOO?~O?oS 01 a;?:11

31~pS!D0' B8":X)SC',?~l: GOltSGO"iJ* (Paul Cornu) m

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SQ898~ 9 Gm8:p801000511 G01 oS G 0"iJ,*: ~oSd? 800 rfj Gmt:~ G a:J? (0) .GOSQB~'P {)ffi~ 9 (JO) ~~o~Ola:xlS" ooo~~:.~: ~l~oc8~.:

~

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~ 9 G ~19 ~ 01 00 0511 Gft) rf)~ 8:. (G)G o~ G,(\)') rf)'g;) c8 GJ 00 rf) ~8 ~,GO ~ J?

Stab I e ~19 SG":x): Dtf:11

mGOO? 198':DSC',?~l: ~~w~; S?~aqj~ (Etienne Oehmichen) 011f oeJ9 CJ~ (\) 09 9 rf)!D~(YY.) ~9 ~ 90') oS 0.))~0? "G ° ~O')') SQ f'fJ? ~G 0: c8 '~":X) ~:G 00 8:p s B~~:G OJ?O OO'~ ~':~: 9 OJ as 0.)) ~I9S G [§J.t:

'FAI (Federation Aeronautique Ihternationale) !D SQ·83 ~~oS'B(@~'

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WGf 9 GQoS9oodJ o.J)'~G Cf6'~ SQG§@(\)~:oI9SOloo0511 ~ ceo 'J;)Goo~8:ml9lC\['8~ GgJjd?~l8~Gaa G(\)ooO? oorf)~:~~Q8 !D d3~:G ~rf)§8:I9S90) s;;o:ft§:~ rf) G aa~9 GSQ'~~ 8t~S

(Aerod yn a m ics ) ":X) occo oo.;p: G aa'O? 83 ceo ~ co oSll ~ 9 ~ C .4 ~ Q SQ~~Go: 00"):0) Gg;jj d?~l8~!D Flap ping hinges Gaa~ 00t§~8:SQ~:l9loo0511 31~~ Flapping hinges Gaaoot§~:§8:

Sin:I9~ (\)~O,cSG f 0) Rotor disc (' 3(\)r1) B8 ~~8:) ~ OJoS

.:Drf)§,G:~ 9 2:!'OJrf)§~: 'O? Lift ~~~!U9~G{)000511 ~Gox;

0(5 J ° ~G eo ~8: (If)(\) ~ e G.;p oro SQ C\[' 8 C\[' bG f 07

s;;o ~ 8 ~:ft):C',? ~ l: G ~ oS ,0 rf) 0)'):9 rf) S 0 rf)S OJ).;p (Rau I Pater as

Pescar a) (7)' Cyc I lc P itc h ":x)G.J.Y) 00~:0? 0 00 ~ ~:~: ":X)~ 819 ~ 01 00 0511 ( Cyclic pitch ti?0)') mGOJ? (\)~Gf o? 3C\) rf) ~8:

O? G~., G fJ rf) OJ 05 e:?J 9G eo 8; 0')') d? G(p 0')') .. ) fl)~ 9 C11J8 OJ d) (\) ~ oc8Gfa) pScoo OJc8aSGaa~ (\)~oaSGta?Bc~ {)rf),~8:~ d3 ~:G eo 8:G 0:§8: s;;o:~ ~ JJ~ ~ s;;o: (L lft ).~., aa~: m~~: (Thr ust) O? GIP8:c\3G{)G~8:O?G~.,~ 000511 OJc8oSs? (H'ub)O? SQG~., OJ rfj d3~:G ro8:Go:~rf)98 G (\) OY.)~OJ) roSQ G~ .. O? G§., Cl.1P: ~:.

00 0511 ~ G CD'? ~l8 ~oc8+:G aa!D~~l: G C\)0.))~G~., O? G§ .. G8';])t

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orl)SOJJ.;p, ~9 GQoS(§l8 9moSun~~cgtGf~c?Y~loS

Ql d?8:~ G (\) 0.))~~~ ~'B~ (\)')Gf8 G eo 8:~:G!Drf)~: O')')~BS'GO'J?a;?:" 0eJ,'1 O?~:m(;lO')oSOY.)~oo S~: YJ rf)rf1J~:o)G.prf) Rotor YDI9S G oro) 8t2 S 8;0: (Stress): G aa d? G ITij? C11JG {) c9 Drag Hi n qe. 'GD6 d? 00 89Qr:rn 8:~~: 83 ~C\Y.)~19'~00 oSll 31~ d?: oorf) C'O?o) ~~ rf) pS ~ rf)G~ ~ Rotor GCf9OJ) hover !DG.;p forwa rd fI ig ht G aa!D01 ~~: stable §S('O') 00 0511

Page - 79

0(5,,0 ~ ~ooc3~8CfJ8;0Y) ,GcrJj9d)~~ ~~rf)Sm~;J? (Corr ad i no D I Ascan i 0)(J)') D I A T3 tJ? 0 9m c:..D?~,d? 00 t§ G fl)') d) ~,oo oSll

co cS8pS008 (Coax ia I.) ~~8:0l11 .:ncSoSG0'6~ Ser vo - tabs Go;sd?

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~l) e OX) G aa d? 03 ~;f1Jl8 9tY.J.) ~G 0')')8: G{) ~~ ~ 0'6 d) 0111

tJ?~wd)"1?;wm G.J.])9S ~~ U?~§ (Boris N. Yuriev) t~ ~OS(\)rt)S~ ~~ GP9~''ij.l~8· (Alexei M. Cheremukhin ): (J)') TsAGIlEA tJ?0 9maSOY)~d?oot§GOO')d)YJ~~:~oooSlI~~~ pSGlilld)OJ) GroG,~8:~.,oaS~d)0Gr11P8:ooSGr11P8:'fJ ~C\(8C\(8Gtc9~Gaa §SOl 000511 ~~9maSo.n eY0 Mai n Rotor Blade (9) yOloooSll ~ f1J 8: (rs) Go~0 Anti- torque rotor 1S~ 01 00 oSll ooS?m G@l8: (nose ) f.{J Gft) d) 00 S? m ~~: ( ta i I) f.{J co 8:00oSll Rotery r ad ial ~898~~ OlOlGo:OloooSll ~~~~ ~8: {)~:~8YJ~~:~lGaa·f.(J Ga:iJGa:iJ GC\):(Qs;n8§8~oooS~ ~ tJ?0l 00 oSll GP9~''ijll~8 (J)')' 9maS o.ne: l-EA d? ~§~ rso~ ~a:J)~c8 G~d)~YJ~~:~8~CQoSll Q~.,m~oa8~~(iaa 00 d) 00 98 ~d?:ood) (\Y.)OOoSQ~11 ~~ G~ C\)~: d? g OJ d)'-1?;w (J)') ~~~~,~m FAI (Federation Aeronaatioue Internationale) j'J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~G~:GOJ?oo~08~~~~~~~~901~:11

~W:c)(~l: ~898;o.n ;d?ro8S '''~~:~ (Nicolas Florine) (J)') Tandem rotor ~ ~ 9°ooSo.ned? ooo~~:o?: oot§GfD')d)~0100oSll Wy 8~ ~1G~ ~8{)d3fY1Jl (Von Karman /nstitude) (Pt6pYO {)~: -::D8 ~ ~~:~O'Y)~§~ ((S) ~'O'Y)~, ~ (6))8 tS

~YJ~~:~01oooSll ~.,~~~,8:'P Rotor Goad? 00~l800t§:~orrOJr rot§0 {)t S d?~: 00 oS II

? ('1) CieryCi Ai" Horse - rob (,,) ,ul~

y (~) ~Il~~(\)') ~~O') (Juan de, la Cierva)~ G~d?~l8~ (Autogyro) II Fixed wing GC\)o.ne,Ga:JJ.8oGCY6t ~ I G(\)o.ne~ y~8 03~:f1Jl8 o?'ijd)p§S (Contro I Surface) G0'601oo'oSll

(A Ibert Gi Ilis von Baumhauerjcco 9m'oSOY)eB~8:~8: d? o(5J~

G (\)') d) f.{J GC'9 C\)t)~:G OJ? 0 00 ~ o?: Y Q)c oS d? 0e J ~ e d) 00 8.J.]) J9 9d)~{)Ji~8~~~:~ 00 0511 .~~ '~ Cyclic. ~~ Co Ilecti ve control 'G0'6rf?

I§ d:,~ Gc\)G~8:o ~~: S't10 =e J'l Cl~tOl~C\)f.{J ~aSYCQ8~'00,oSll 8lmGa:i? 9°oaSo.ne ~~8:G~8:f.{J 8aS4jGagro 0108~oooSd?0X) Go1'n

~

? ( e) NimIas FltJrile ~ Tandem mllr'1~ G~& c:# Gm~~'1~~~:1

CfP ~~ mBlC\['8 ~d)~' Gr!J?moS c("cSli (Focke - Wu If)

FW- 61 9maSo.ne(J)')C\)r/)G0'6., ~~:Bl~8c? eeoc ~:o?: 9maS o.n~I9SC\)')oooSll 0(5yq ypSG(\)')d)'PG~11 0')+~4j (Hanna

Reitsch) D?0 ~~l:~~:UYJ Fw-61 '9mas w')ed?' C)(o~~oSG0'6~ G~.,

Page - 80

f.{J GOO 8;B~'OOo5l' ~(J OX) ooo(J~;u?; G ':JJJ ~~l;~~; 9 mcf)o.ne ~t; G CO? 01'11

y (00) FOcke-Wulf Fw-61 '1~

ycfJw~iDS~oa8;10 ~~ rp(Jc/,OJ) '~GgG9;1, -::DOSon' ~ .. GOO')8G,;pl 8ot,998)?G0'6 moSooo5G9;GD6YD9maS0Y.)~ .f~;f~;ol;ol;~~;Bl~ooo5ll (J0X)8aSoobGoam 9;GC8°od)cJ?cf)

6~; cJ?d)~d)¥lOJ) ~(O)~Goa9 maSo.n~ G01G01GIT1J Gc\y')Cl?aS~~ (a)9G8';;()8 I9'SG{)~oo.oSl' rp(Jc/, {)S(J~;~98 ~Gf'~ Gc\)G~8;GC\Y.)m 00 ~l; 00?19 SeQ f f.{J 01'11

~G(J~m~¥? sf8.a ~aOTI{)~; (Igor Sikorsky ) ~~ 800.1Jll GC\Y.)9~~ S~GC:;~ (W .Lawrence LePage)cJ?~ OX) ~G(J~m~ {)Soob~'oad) ooo(J~;~; 9maSo.n~G 03 Cl?aS0:(bGo;~ .. rf? ~(§l8

~ fl?8 GGJu"16d)C\( Gf§ 01000511 yc1Jw~{)·S ~{)~t.;G C\Y.)d)YD

GOO? ~GC:;~OX) U.S {)S008~oarf) 9m as'lill~Cl?aSC\(b§~Ol(JS 9~;~OOoSl' Fw 61 ~~l; 8C\)rI3tS?t~ XR-l rf?oo~GOO')d)OOoSll ~~~GO')')~Cf68;'P0 &ffYJl!)~: ox), Rotor Q'JSy Q'J~;01c? ~~8;d2~'~ VS-300 d2oo~GOO')rf)roo5lI 8~;~0X) ( Main Rotor) G~9 GC\) lill~G.:x:S~ GOf -::Dd)G.;pd)c? C\)~f1J8Gf c? s;n;

( Torque) d2' I9~Gf1JctJrI)~~ 9m050J.)~ G,~rI3~;10 Rotor ~G-::D;u); GC\);OOSy008GO;~d)OOcSl' VS -300 d2~GBQ~;Gcr.J? 'R- 4 d2ood)c\)~~;OO~Gro')~oooSn R-4 '9m~0J')~ 'OJ)' ooo,tJ~·;u?; ~;tp;§S ~G~d)~'iP;{)OO8Cl?aS.C\(bc? moS~Gtf"l?oCO')o§S01 00 OSII '~{)'8;( 00.0 )Cl? as GO;~ II ~G(J~m~ {),Soobm f.{Jon'~OOo5ll R -4 OX) ~~c8b~~ '(J0X)8cSGoa~C8r1)o' ~~;~l~c? 9~cSOJ)eI9S~ GOO? ycfJOJ~{)S~D28; §~ooB~1 ~C\)d){)0'Y.); t.~ ~:IP;G':JJJ {)SG§B8Gaa~ mo5oooSG9;~oad) ~;~Olooo5l' GfJd)~8; R-5

~~ R~6 9m oS u.])~G0'6d2 cJ?;ood)ar oSC\( 8 ~~;GO'J? ,{)S~;(J~Q8 f.{J' 008 9maSo.ne ~{)8;G9 (900) G01Pd2 '~GOJ?{)~;m Cl? oS'C\(bG o;~Olooo5ll ~~ (~GC:;~ ~ ~ f:8a ~{)~;cJ?' ~ 9 maSlill ~GCf6 Cl? as C\[' bG.f{)'~ f.{J .:is cSG C\) o.n~ 'rt?!f crfi, m 9 (J) as ()Y.)~ Cl? as orb ~~

~ aa d) 8';;()":xY.)~ OJ~; (Arthur Yo ung) d2 ~;9~; ~d)OOo5ll

.J.Y.)G~~Y:);9c\)fl?GOO? OJ~; ~ S.emi'-rigid I Teetering ~ blade rotor ~~8; ~ ~ Stab ilizer Bar ~~;GC13d2 ~ ~;~lf1J8~ ~ 01011 OJ~;' OX) Mode I 30 9m aSlill~d2~~;Cl? as OO~G 00')d)00 0511 ~;~;~8;~8;~~8;GC\);01 011 ~~ M'odel 30 (l?~G§Q~ Bell 47 d? .00t§GOO')d)~OOo5ll ~~ 9maSlill~0J) ~G(J~m~~9b~d)Gc\)G~8;f.{J ooo(Ju?;¥,oSy008 ~c? 9maSlill.~oI9SOl 00 0511 ~8cooO')')!Dc\) ~; ~ c? SG 06d) Bell 47 OX) ,SGOlcS; (?ol G(U)rI3~c?~d3 fJ(J~,~;c? 9mcfjo.YJe~SC\Y.) @OloocSll

II

'y (oJ' ) Ar1tu Yotng ~ Bell 47 ~ ~9maSlill~f.{J~;o? Main rotor Stabilizer bar f~;oe:?J~fJd)~t; Cl?aS0 Bell Series Goaf.{JC\)~; ood)~~i~§OloooSli.

0e~o 'f.{J G[J;cSS fr)')(J~ (Charles Kaman) 'OX) 8.J?9 ~ K -225 9m as lill~d2 0')') ~ Ij1b ~8C1J8 ('TiJrboshaf() OOSc'-?;~11 G(p8;00 b'§t§

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'~.~~ §tY?CQ!.8CJj,8tuv?~·Gt& ,£.C\)~ ~")G;'~Js. ~''j'oS (JI)

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Page - 81

?pjc¢:J¥ Artt..- YOlIlg ~.-

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RoIDr Craft~

Rotor craft fl?00'Jr1? D'JoS~~l:: GH •• DD?987.):I9~ ~8~oS g~rofl?GCO? - G'§Bt~~ Horizontal 0'1JCl.?;: 01: C\)~OoSG~c9 Rotor m G~ Lift r1? 9m: ~ :D~: c9 ~~:D~o']) e r1? ~ fl? GQf co oS C\?~. fl?01 COoSll Rotor craft ~~l:~m:G0'6r1? yG06!D6.~0111.

----------~ Y (a) Helicopter - HeUcopter

, tr

Gaa~ Forward flight ~: (Jc.;Sd?~8 Rotor discdp GY[., rod) ...... aoot: GO: 900 0)11

::::::::t:~~~~ .... 8aG~.,wd)rf? o:Jd)aGp<1)d9

~:8 Q')s.f(GaC\X)~:9m6SOYJ~ G'ft., O? ~:~oSll

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(Ib) 'IJ'

y - (~) Helicopter t.Autogyro~ .. forwa--d flight~~ Resultiri; RotorForceG~oS ~~ ~

w

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y ( c) Gyrodyne ~Gyrody ne fl?CQ)OJGCO?helicopter ~., auto gyr 0 d?~ ~~:oofv{J

.~ o?{) GCfX){) m' GCOo.n ~ Oln mai n rotor ~. tip path pia ne ·m dlrectlon of flight ~~ G'l 'Bt~oeS01oouSll

~G~., r1? ~:~., Pr ope ller t ~ &at: I~' JlCOoSl1

y(d) TaJdem - Tandem rotor he I iCQ pter G0'6 f{J' Rotor pS~mcoSy~~ ooSy G(gJt:

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~G O'Y.)t: 00 oSll

he I ic opte r ~G(gJ 8:19 +G 4ln ~ G ~.,d? ~:~ ., ~ 0'6 d)m Pr 0 peller ~ A lrscrew ) (e)

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. oS II

y (b) Gyrqplane (or) AulDgym - Q')S91..l~M8 \Gs;ntOlII Gyroplane GC16O')') helicopter

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Forward flight f{J~'9tro Main rotor disc m backward Gerot:

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Page - 82

r============. y '(_p) Cyclic - cyclic O?O'Y.)m '0-J~ooSGf0 Main Rotor ~d)~8:'f1Jb~:d? G.~<> G fJ d) OJ oS~ d3S:G 00 t:Go: O'Y.)ri?G(gJcr.n 0111 s;JG~., d? ~~ GJ 898' s;JG~.,::Dr/) ri? GOO 8:1 O'J oS 0'Jr/)~: f1J 898 0'J oSrJ? 4=---=========~=11 Goo8:Go:cf?rf),anOlo" ::t:f.)~11 Control orb roO? G a:J?' Cyclic pitch control y (oB) B,Iade oo~ drag, hhge t .Fliwng hhge G~ stick ~11 C\(bO)')Jln Gf3;t)d)myri?§t§11

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y(O Synchrocopter - Synchrocopter m side-by -slde ~11 ~G::xJ) 00 ~:f1J8: ~ 6~f'60 Dt(:11 Rotor pSyO? ~tf;:~:G~8 mb~rfj 0:001011 rotor pSym GIjl.oot§ 00t§mGf0t§98~bGU)8:Goo8:

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Page - 83

YCJ9) OffilQ ~ Weir. W-5 '1~ I .~G~{)~: oooS (J) ,S GCO')oS GOOoo oSll

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ox)Gaa., ~BS01oooSll

.~

W'WW .wikipedia.org

The Art of He I icopter r John Watkinson , 2004 .

Rotorcraft Flying Handbook - FM-H-8083-21 ,2000, FAA.

Page - 84

• Marin Mersenne, (Born September 8, 1588, Died September 1,164'8) .

- Nationality French.

2 43,112,639 - 1 2 42,643,801 - 1 2 37,156,667 - 1

o 0 co 0 o OC 0 §C

Q)m CDmQ S') . ~c;r)~ZO~ 203 ms~ ~QI')~ S') ,D)

L<> L Jl L L G T ~

GreatInternet Merserme Prime 'Search. (GIMPS) S')g<>S')D)E§~.~

~,)GgGcg <> ~Gr§~§Sol =o,~ II,

Page - 85

MEF S')Gs~8 C0C:S~ S')Q)b S')208~~c;r)~G2D') Prime number (P) Q)S88S')Q)03 MP 03mG0m'J OJ8~'20~:S 20303b~

T l:l o C T o ~ L L 0 L rr 0 C L ·G T

§(' C 0 C:'o.... 0 C 0 coco C C P _ 0 C C 00

D)GS20~) 20 QO)Q) ZO@mS~QI')~QGS20~)0) D)D)D)~CGQ~S')O)m rogram. QI')~ OC~OS~GZO~G~~ GQ~2D')~ 0

T ,C L <> L 0 -T ~ Jl T ,C' L L -l a ~ L Too -l L<>

o C .:r 0 C C 0:1 C

GQ)G01 Q)mQ)S~C001:D~)11

LoT L C

Perfect number

The factors of28 are 1,2,4, 1.,14 and 28. 1+2+4+7+14==28

P --P. t b 0 C C

errec num er m zom C000~GOOC m

l: 'T 0

" § C C 0 c" 0 '§ c 0 o -...... -......:1 C C 0 §c

S') D)mc~mS~ C0 SZ020~D)80ImWII 8)WC0 sa D)

T L<> T L L 0 <> L

The factors of 496 are 1,2,4,8, 16, ,3,1,62, 124,248 and 496 ..

1 + 2 + 4 + 8 +. 16 + 31 + 62 + 124 + 248 == 496

So, our rust five perfect numbers are 2 * 3' 6

4 * 7 - ·28 16*31==496

64·* 127== 8,128

4096 * 8191 == 33,550,336 Can we tum this pattern of

(Power of Two) * (Double that Power - 1)

F t §c C o c 0 C:1C C ac ors GQ).S) D) QQc~mS~m CO~)GOIC~O)I'C

OIL. "I. T L G J ~

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http://mathforum.org/dr.mathlfaq/faq.perfect. html#

odd...... 0 c- ~ 'I c- C"

J00?- GCS~tcL:j'olmwj1cll

The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 'and 6.

I + 2 + 3 ==·6

Page - 86

Leonhard Euler

Page - 87

: ' ! .• I' - '.- ' . I: • U r': L • Y ~

I - I .. 111' .. . II

- ~

Page - 88

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Page - 89

s: U C U C "A"

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~&;olmoS,[ "Potential Failure" ~&;GOrruJ§c: o»: "Functional Failure" ~Q5GOrruJ~ m00Jl:

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Page - 91

@S Q.O W::bo l 000)11 (jj'Q .oo3r ~ roci 11;90 cooS ~6(§ ~:

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Page _ 92

~ c c U Tk...__ mk == 27(d

~~Y)oa~GCU)~m ~

u c c rl cue u c c

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L 0 L -L L~ C L ~ 61 T

~~n GJG§QGJIT(j~: ~~§c: JGITc:~o1muSll

D==cr V == fdA

,

Where, D== distance, c== speed of light,

T =delay time, V= velocity, fd = Doppler

I

H

~
f.t
,0< '" ....
!!!". ... ~
~
c;:.,
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.
, .. ..
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0-8 measurement system

L '

Differe.ntial equation

dx, dx;

== xl" ==·w_

dt dt

\\!here,

Xi =distance , x2 =velocity, w= Gaussian white noise State-space equation

xk+l == ~ + G1c7J1c

\\!here,

t1J =system dynamics matrix,

x' . .

k+1 =column vector with the states of the system.

Gk M . f .

. == .. atnx '0 nOIse

lIlc = White Noise Measurement ,equation.

rk == H,», + {k

\\!here,

H

k =measurement :matrix

~lc =white noise

Kalma'n filter equation

Xlc = Xlc + K, {rlc - Hlcxlc};

Page - 93

,

K" . f .

=matnx 0 gain

mlAGoYJOS system. mmOJ GG00OJG0:;~01 matrix Gmd5Q~olmJ)11

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o,=>~FD ~ TD m Frequency- .~ Time discriminator Gmo111. JJOSm simulation cuoo1'=>0)11 statical

L J T~ T~· 0 IL L~ L L

characteristics d5mOJmcOo10OSII mmcDcud)Gm 0~~:cD Glonass d parameter value co:

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Inc = :. ~y(tl-tJ)Gfk(tk-tJ - Tk-tJ)cos(fiJlk-tJ +fj)k-IJ);

r.I

IE(L).k = :. ~y(tk-tJ)Gfk(tk-t.l - Tk-tJ + Ar/2)cos(fiJlk_U + fj)k-U);

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-input signal

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== igitization step .

As=amplitude,

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==delay time and. phase,

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Characteristics of time discriminator

Variance(Discriminator Output) and Equivalent Variance

Page - 94

Page - 95

r'ti1'3'~Mr.fjft \,I',~li~!t

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( m) Characteristics of time discriminator

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Page - 96

.Frequcncy Discriminator

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