TRNG I HC VINH

TRNG THPT CHUYN

GII CHI TIT MT S CU TRONG THI TH THPT

QUC GIA, LN CUI NM 2015
MN HA HC (Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht)
M thi 132

Cu 2: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp M gm tetrapeptit X v pentapeptit Y (u mch h) bng dung
dch KOH va , ri c cn cn thn th thu c (m + 11,42) gam hn hp mui khan ca Val v Ala. t
chy hon ton mui sinh ra bng mt lng oxi va thu c K2CO3; 2,464 lt N2 (ktc) v 50,96 gam hn
hp gm CO2 v H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp M c th l
A. 55,24%.
B. 54,54%.
C. 45,98%.
D. 64,59%.
Gii
2 , 464
n N2
= 0,11 mol. Gi x, y l s mol ca tetrapeptit X v pentapeptit Y. Ta c :
22 , 4
X + 4KOH Mui + H2O
x 4x

x
Y + 5KOH Mui + H2O
y 5y

y
m + 56(4x + 5y) = m + 11,42 + 18(x + y)
206x + 262y = 11,42 (1)
Theo bo ton nguyn t nit:
4x + 5y = 0,22 (2)
Gii h (1)(2) ta c:
x 0 ,03mol

y 0 ,02 mol
Gi a, b l s mol ca mui Val v Ala
(CH3)2CHCH(NH2)COOK : a mol
H2NCH(CH3)COOK
: b mol
a + b = 0,22 (3)
O2
9CO2 + 10H2O + K2CO3 + N2
2C5H10O2NK
a

4,5a 5a
O2
2C3H6O2NK
5CO2 + 6H2O + K2CO3 + N2
b

2,5b 3b
m CO2 m H2O = (44.4,5 + 18.5)a + (44.2,5 + 18.3)b = 50,96
288a + 164b = 50,96 (4)
Gii h (3)(4) ta c:
a 0 ,12 mol

b 0 ,1mol
Gi n, m l s Ala trong X v Y. Ta c:
0,03n + 0,02m = 0,1
3n + 2m = 10 n = m = 2 hoc n = 0 v m = 5
Nu n = 0 v m = 5 th
(X): Val4: 0,03 mol
(Y): Ala5: 0,02 mol
Phn trm khi lng ca Y l
373.0 ,02.100%
%mY =
= 37,525%
414.0 ,03 373.0 ,02
Nu n = m = 2 th
(X): Val2Ala2: 0,03 mol
(Y): Val3Ala2: 0,02 mol
Trang 1/8 - M thi 132

457.0 , 02.100%
= 45,98%
457.0 ,02 358.0 ,03
p n C
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 0,25 mol hn hp X gm ba ancol, cn dng va V lt O2, thu c H2O v
12,32 lt CO2. Mt khc, cho 0,5 mol X trn tc dng ht vi Na, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 12,32 lt H2. Cc th tch kh u o ktc. Gi tr ca V gn nht vi
A. 12,31.
B. 15,11.
C. 17,91.
D. 8,95.
Gii
Nu cho 0,25 mol X phn ng vi kim loi Na th sinh ra 6,16 lt H2.
n OH 2n H2 0 ,55 mol nO (X) = 0,55 mol

%mY =

n C(X) n CO2

12 ,32
0 ,55 mol
22 , 4
X gm ba ancol c s nhm OH bng s nguyn t C trong phn t C 3 ancol ny u

n C(X) n O (X)
no, mch h.
n H2O = 0,55 + 0,25 = 0,8 mol
Theo bo ton nguyn t O:

n O (X) 2n O2 2n CO2 n H2O n O2

2n CO2 n H 2O n O (X)

2.0 ,55 0 ,8 0 ,55

= 0,675 mol
2

2
VO2 = 15,12 lt p n B
Cu 7: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc) v este Z c to ra t X v Y (trong M,
oxi chim 43,795% v khi lng). Cho 10,96 gam M tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 10%, to
ra 9,4 gam mui. Cng thc ca X v Y ln lt l
A. CH2=CHCOOH v C2H5OH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH v CH3OH.
C. C2H5COOH v CH3OH.
D. CH3COOH v C2H5OH.
Gii
40.10%
43,795%.10 ,96
nNaOH =
= 0,1 mol; n O = 2x + y + 2z =
= 0,3 (1)
100%.40
100%.16
RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O
x
x

x
RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH
z
z

z
nNaOH = x + z = 0,1 y = 0,1 mol
mmui = 0,1(R + 67) = 9,4 R = 27 (CH2=CHCOOH)
mM = 0,1(27 + 44) + x + R'z + 0,1(R' + 17) = 10,96
2 ,16
R'(0,1 + z) + x = 2,16 R' <
= 21,6 R' = 15 (CH3OH) p n B
0 ,1
Cu 9: Hn hp M gm CH3CH2OH, CH2=CHCH2OH, CH3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, HCOOCH3. t chy
hon ton m gam M cn dng va 0,4 mol O2, thu c 0,35 mol CO2 v 0,35 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho m
gam M trn tc dng va vi 50 gam dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng x%. Gi tr ca x l
A. 68,40.
B. 17,10.
C. 34,20.
D. 8,55.
Gii
CH 3CH 2OH (C 2 H 6 O)
CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH (C3 H 6 O)
m g M CH 3COOH (C2 H 4O 2 )

CH 2 =CHCOOH (C3 H 4 O 2 )

Coi m g M

C n H 6 O:a mol
C m H 4 O 2 :b mol

HCOOCH 3 (C2 H 4 O 2 )
M + 0,4 mol O2 0,35 mol CO2 + 0,35 mol H2O
Theo bo ton nguyn t H v O:
nO(M) + 2n O2 = 2n CO2 n H 2O
a + 2b + 2.0,4 = 2.0,35 + 0,35 a + 2b = 0,25 (1)
Trang 2/8 - M thi 132

n H (M) n H (H2O) 3a + 2b = 0,35 (2)

Gii h (1)(2) ta c:
a 0 , 05 mol

b 0 ,1mol
m gam M + NaOH: CH3CH2OH, CH2=CHCH2OH khng phn ng.
2CH3COOH + Ba(OH)2 (CH3COO)2Ba + 2H2O
2CH2=CHCOOH + Ba(OH)2 (CH2=CHCOO)2Ba + 2H2O
2HCOOCH3 + Ba(OH)2 HCOONa + CH3OH
1
1
n Ba(OH)2 = (n CH3COOH n CH2 CHCOOH n HCOOCH3 ) n Cm H 4O2 0 , 05 mol
2
2
0 ,05.171.100%
x=
= 17,1% p n B
50
Cu 15: X, Y, Z l ba axit cacboxylic n chc cng dy ng ng (MX < MY < MZ ), T l este to bi X, Y,
Z vi mt ancol no, ba chc, mch h E. t chy hon ton 26,6 gam hn hp M gm X, Y, Z, T (trong Y
v Z c cng s mol) bng lng va kh O2, thu c 22,4 lt CO2 (ktc) v 16,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, un
nng 26,6 gam M vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 21,6
gam Ag. Mt khc, cho 13,3 gam M phn ng ht vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v un nng, thu c dch
N. C cn dung dch N thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi
A. 38,04.
B. 24,74.
C. 16,74.
D. 25,10.
Gii
M c phn ng trng bc nn M c cha HCOOH (X). t Y l R1COOH; (Z) l R2COOH v (E): R'(OH)3
(T) :
HCOO
R1COO R'
R2COO
1
2
(R , R v R' l cc gc hirocacbon no, mch h).
22 , 4
16 , 2
n CO2
= 1 mol; n H 2O =
= 0,9 mol. Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol X, Y, T nZ = y mol. V Y v
18
22 , 4
Z l 2 axit thuc cng dy ng ng ca HCOOH nn khi t chy th thu c n CO2 n H2O . T l este no,
mch h, ba chc nn khi t T th thu c:
1
1
1 0 ,9
= 0,05 mol
z = (n CO2 (T) n H2O (T) ) (n CO2 (M) n H2O (M) ) =
2
2
2
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
mM + mO2 = m CO2 m H2O
m O2 m H2O mCO2 m M = 44 + 16,2 26,6 = 33,6 gam n O2

33, 6
1, 05 mol.
32

Theo bo ton nguyn t O:

2(x + 2y) + 6.0,05 + 2.1,05 = 2 + 0,9 x + 2y = 0,25
M + AgNO3/NH3:
0

dd AgNO3 / NH3 , t
HCOOH
2Ag
x

2x

HCOO
dd AgNO3/ NH3
R1COO R' 2Ag
t0
R2COO
0,1

0,05

nAg = 2x + 0,1 =

21, 6
= 0,2 x = 0,05 mol
108

y = 0,1 mol
mM = 46.0,05 + 0,1(R1 + 45) + 0,1(R2 + 45) + 0,05(133 + R1 + R2 + R') = 26,6
0,15R1 + 0,15R2 + 0,05R' = 8,65 3R1 + 3R2 + R' = 173
Trang 3/8 - M thi 132

Do R1 15; R2 29; R' 41 3R1 + 3R2 + R' 173

Nghim ph hp l
R1 = 15 (CH3-); R2 = 29 (C2H5-) v R' = 41 (C3H5)
Y l CH3COOH, Z l C2H5COOH v T l
HCOO
CH3COO C3H5
C2H5COO
13,3 gam M + 0,4 mol NaOH:
t0
HCOOH + NaOH
HCOONa + H2O
0,025

0,025
0

t
CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O
0,05

0,05
C2H5COOH + NaOH C2H5COONa + H2O
0,05

0,05
HCOO
t0
HCOONa + CH3COONa + C2H5COONa + C3H5(OH)3
CH3COO C3H5 + 3NaOH
C2H5COO
0,025

0,025

mcht rn = 13,3 + 40.0,4 18.0,125 92.0,025 = 24,75 gam p n B

Cu 21: Hp th hon ton 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch cha x mol Ca(OH)2; y mol NaOH v x mol
KOH. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch cha 32,3 gam mui (khng c kim d) v
15 gam kt ta. B qua s thy phn ca cc ion, t l x : y c th l
A. 2 : 3.
B. 8 : 3.
C. 49 : 33.
D. 4 : 1.
Gii
n CO2 = 0,5 mol; n OH = (3x + y) mol
CO2 + 2OH CO 32 + H2O

(1)

CO2 + OH HCO 3

(2)

2+

2
3

Ca + CO CaCO3
(3)
0,15 0,15 0,15
Nu Ca2+ kt ta ht x = 0,15 mol
Gi z l s mol CO 32 cn li sau phn ng (3) (nu c) n HCO = 0,5 0,15 z = 0,35 z
3

(1)(2) n OH = 0,35 z + 2(0,15 + z) = 0,65 + z = 0,45 + y y z = 0,2 (1)

mmui = 23y + 39.0,15 + 60z + 61(0,35 z) = 32,3 23y z = 5,1 (2)
Gii h (1)(2) ta c:
49

y 220 mol
x : y = 33 : 49 (khng c p n)

1
z
mol

44
Nu Ca2+ cn CO 32 ht n CO2 = 0,15 mol n HCO = 0,5 0,15 = 0,35 mol
3

(1)(2) n OH = 3x + y = 2n CO2 n HCO = 2.0,15 + 0,35 = 0,65 (3)

3

mmui = m K m Na m HCO mCa 2 39x + 23y + 61.0,35 + 40(x 0,15) = 32,3

3

79x + 23y = 16,95 (4)

Gii h (3)(4) ta c:
x 0 , 2 mol
x : y = 4 : 1 p n D

y 0 , 05 mol

Trang 4/8 - M thi 132

Cu 35: Hn hp M gm C2H5NH2, CH2=CHCH2NH2, H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2, CH3CH2CH2NH2 v

CH3CH2NHCH3. t chy hon ton 5,6 lt M, cn dng va 25,76 lt O2, ch thu c CO2; 18 gam H2O
v 3,36 lt N2. Cc th tch kh u o iu kin tiu chun. Phn trm khi lng ca C2H5NH2 trong M l
A. 48,21%.
B. 24,11%.
C. 40,18%.
D. 32,14%.
Gii
Theo bo ton nguyn t O:
1
n CO2 n O2 n H2 O = 0,65 mol
2
t C3 H y N x l cng thc chung ca CH2=CHCH2NH2, H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2, CH3CH2CH2NH2 v
CH3CH2NHCH3. Ta c:
O2
3CO2
C3H y N x
a

3a
O2
C2H7N
2CO2
b

2b
Ta c h:
a b 0 , 25
a 0 ,15 mol

3a 2b 0 ,65
b 0 ,1mol
mM = mC + mH + mN = 12.0,65 + 2.1 + 28.0,15 = 14 gam
45.0 ,1.100%
% m CH3CH2 NH2
= 32,14% p n D
14
Cu 36: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm K, K2O, KOH, KHCO3, K2CO3 trong lng va dung
dch HCl 14,6%, thu c 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp gm hai kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch Y c nng
25,0841%. C cn dung dch Y, thu c 59,6 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 46,6.
B. 37,6.
C. 18,2.
D. 36,4.
Gii
Ta c:
mkh = 0,3.2.15 = 9 gam
59 , 6
0 ,8 mol
m KCl = 59,6 gam n HCl n KCl
74 ,5
0 ,8.36 ,5.100%
m dd HCl 14 ,6%
= 200 gam
14 ,6%
59, 6.100%
mddY =
= 237,6 gam
25,0841%
Theo bo ton khi lng:
m + m dd HCl m dd Y m kh m + 200 = 237,6 + 9 m = 46,6 gam
p n A
Cu 37: Cho 38,55 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, ZnO v Fe(NO3)2 tan hon ton trong dung dch cha 0,725
mol H2SO4 long. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y ch cha 96,55 gam mui
sunfat trung ha v 3,92 lt (ktc) kh Z gm hai kh trong c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh. Bit t khi
ca Z so vi H2 l 9. Phn trm s mol ca Mg trong hn hp X gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 25.
B. 15.
C. 40.
D. 30.
Gii
3,92
nZ =
= 0,175 mol; M Z 2.9 18gam / mol.
22 , 4
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol NO v H2 c trong Z. Ta c h:
x y 0 ,175
x 0 ,1mol

30x 2y 18.0 ,175

y 0 ,075 mol
S bi ton:

Trang 5/8 - M thi 132

38,55 gam X

Al
Mg
Fe(NO3 )2

NO:0 ,1mol
H 2 :0 , 075 mol
FeSO 4

0 ,725molH 2SO 4

96 ,55gam Y

ZnO

MgSO 4
ZnSO 4
(NH 4 )2SO 4 (neu co)

Theo bo ton khi lng:

mX + m H2SO4 = m muoi m Z m H2O sinh ra
38,55 + 98.0,725 = 96,55 + 18.0,175 + m H 2O sinh ra m H 2O sinh ra = 9,9 gam

9 ,9
= 0,55 mol
18
Theo bo ton nguyn t H:
n H2O sinh ra =

n H2SO4 n H2O sinh ra n H2

n H2SO4 = 2n NH n H2O sinh ra + n H2 n NH =

4

0 ,725 0 ,55 0 , 075

= 0,05
2

mol
Theo bo ton nguyn t N:

2n Fe(NO3 )2 n NH n NO n Fe(NO3 )2

n NH n NO

0 ,05 0 ,1
0 ,075 mol
2

Theo bo ton nguyn t O:

n ZnO 6n Fe(NO3 )2 n NO n H2O sinh ra
n ZnO n NO n H2O sinh ra 6n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,1 + 0,55 6.0,075 = 0,2 mol
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg c trong 38,55 gam X. Ta c:
27a + 24b = 38,55 81.0,2 180.0,075 = 8,85 (1)
Al Al3+ + 3e
N+5 + 3e N+2
a

3a
0,3 0,1
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
2H+ + 2e H2
b

2b
0,15 0,075
N+5 + 8e N-3
8.0,05 0,05
3a + 2b = 0,3 + 0,15 + 0,4 = 0,85 (2)
Gii h (1)(2) ta c:
a 0 ,15 mol
0 , 2.100%
%nMg =
= 32% p n D

0 , 2 0 , 2 0 ,15 0 ,075
b 0 , 2 mol
Lu : C kh H2 thot ra th H+ phn ng nn trong dung dch khng c Fe3+ v Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh
hn H+ nn phn ng trc. Khi Fe3+ ht th H+ mi phn ng.
Cu 41: Cho 20,8 gam hn hp M gm hai cht hu c, tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung
dch N gm hai mui R1COONa, R2COONa v m gam R'OH (R2 = R1 + 28; R1, R2, R' u l cc gc
hirocacbon). C cn N ri t chy ht ton b lng cht rn, thu c H2O; 15,9 gam Na2CO3 v 7,84 lt
CO2 (ktc). Bit t khi hi ca R'OH so vi H2 nh hn 30; cng thc ca hai cht hu c trong M l
A. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3COOC2H5 v C3H7COOC2H5.
C. HCOOH v C2H5COOCH3.
D. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOH.
Gii
Tm cng thc ca hai cht hu c trong M.
Theo bo ton nguyn t:
n NaOH 2n Na 2CO3 = 2.0,15 = 0,3 mol
Thay R1COONa v R2COONa bng cht tng ng: RCOONa
n RCOONa n NaOH = 0,3 mol
S nguyn t cacbon trung bnh ca hai mui:
Trang 6/8 - M thi 132

n C
n RCOONa

n CO2 + n Na 2CO3
0 ,3

0,15 + 0,35
= 1,667
0 ,3

n1 = 1 (HCOONa) < n = 1,667 < n2

R1 = 1 R2 = 28 + 1 = 29 (C2H5COONa)
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol HCOONa v C2H5COONa. Ta c h:
x y 0 ,3
x 0 , 2 mol

x 3y 0 ,5
y 0 ,1mol
mmui = m HCOONa mC2 H5COONa 68.0 , 2 96.0 ,1 = 23,2 gam
-Nu M gm hai este:
Theo bo ton khi lng:
mX + mNaOH = mmui + m R ' OH
20,8 + 40.0,3 = 23,2 + m R' OH m R' OH = 9,6 gam MROH =

9, 6
= 32 (CH3OH)
0, 3

- Nu M gm mt axit HCOOH v mt este C2H5COOR:

n R ' OH = 0,1 mol v n H O sinh ra = 0,2 mol
2

0,1(R + 17) + 18.0,2 = 9,6 R = 43 (C3H7OH) (loi)

- Nu M gm mt axit HCOOR v mt este C2H5COOH:
n R ' OH = 0,2 mol v n H O sinh ra = 0,1 mol 0,2(R + 17) + 18.0,1 = 9,6 R = 22 (loi)
2

p n A
Cu 43: Ha tan hon ton m gam MSO4 (M l kim loi) vo nc thu c dung dch X. in phn dung dch X
(in cc tr, hiu sut 100%) vi cng dng in 7,5A khng i, trong khong thi gian 1 gi 4 pht 20 giy,
thu c dung dch Y v khi lng catot tng a gam. Dung dch Y tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch cha
KOH 1M v NaOH 1M, sinh ra 4,9 gam kt ta. Coi ton b lng kim loi sinh ra u bm ht vo catot. Gi tr
ca m v a ln lt l
A. 24 v 9,6.
B. 32 v 4,9.
C. 30,4 v 8,4.
D. 32 v 9,6.
Gii
p dng biu thc Faraday:
7 ,5.3860
= 0,075 mol
n O2
4.96500
Phn ng in phn:
2MSO4 + 2H2O 2M + O2 + 2H2SO4
0,15

0,15 0,075 0,15

Dung dch Y gm: H2SO4 v MSO4 d.
H+ + OH H2O
0,3 0,3
M2+ + 2OH M(OH)2
(y 0,15) (2y 0,3) (y 0,15)
(y l s mol MSO4 ban u)
n OH = 2y = 0,4 y = 0,2 mol
mkt ta = (M + 34)(0,2 0,15) = 4,9
M = 64 (Cu) m = 160.0,2 = 32 gam; a = 64.0,15 = 9,6 gam p n D
Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy, CuO v Cu (x, y nguyn dng) vo 600 ml dung dch HCl
1M, thu c dung dch Y (khng cha HCl) v cn li 6,4 gam kim loi khng tan. Cho Y tc dng vi lng
d dung dch AgNO3, thu c 102,3 gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m gn
nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 22,7.
B. 34,1.
C. 29,1.
D. 27,5.
Gii
nHCl = 0,6 mol
Cht rn khng tan l Cu d.
Dung dch Y cha FeCl2 v CuCl2.
Trang 7/8 - M thi 132

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca FeCl2 v CuCl2. Ta c:

1
1
x + y = n Cl n HCl = 0,3 (1)
2
2
Y + AgNO3 d:
2AgNO3 + CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl
x

2x
3AgNO3 + FeCl2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag + 2AgCl
y

y 2y
mkt ta = 143,5.2(x + y) + 108y = 102,3 287x + 395y = 102,3 (2)
Gii h (1)(2) ta c:
x 0,15 mol

y 0 ,15 mol
nFe (X) = 0,15 mol; nCu (X) = 0,15 + 0,1 = 0,25 mol; nO (X) = n H 2O sinh ra =

1
n HCl = 0,3 mol
2

m = 56.0,15 + 64.0,25 + 16.0,3 = 29,2 gam p n C

Cu 48: Nung nng hn hp X gm ba hirocacbon c cc cng thc tng qut l CnH2n + 2, CmH2m, Cn + m +
1H2m (u l hirocacbon mch h v iu kin thng u l cht kh; n, m nguyn dng) v 0,1 mol H2
trong bnh kn (xc tc Ni). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi
lng d dung dch Br2 trong CCl4, thy c ti a 24 gam Br2 phn ng. Mt khc, t chy hon ton Y, thu
c a mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,25.
B. 0,30.
C. 0,50.
D. 0,45.
Gii
iu kin:
1 n 4; 2 m 4 n 1

1 n m 1 4
m 2
Cng thc ca cc hirocacbon l CH4, C2H4 v C4H4.
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca CH4, C2H4 v C4H4 c trong hn hp X.
Theo bo ton lin kt , ta c:
n lk = y + 3z = n H2 n Br2 = 0,1 + 0,15 = 0,25 (1)
Theo bo ton nguyn t C, H:
n H2O 2n CH4 2n C2 H4 2n C4 H 4 + n H = 2(x + y + z) = 0,4
2

x + y + z = 0,2 (2)
(1)(2) x + 2y + 4z = 0,45 = a = n CO2 p n D
---------- HT ---------Chc cc em t kt qu cao trong k thi sp ti!

Trang 8/8 - M thi 132