1.

D
8. C.
14.C

1.

(a)

2.
9.
15

A.
B.
A

3.
D.
16

C.
10.
D

4.
D.
17

B.
11.
D

5.
D
18

D.
12.
D

6.
C
19

C
13.
C

the nuclei of different isotopes of an element have the same number of protons;
but different numbers of neutrons;

7.
A
A
20.
A

Look for a little more detail than say just same atomic
(proton) number, different mass (nucleon) number.
(b)

Z for iodine = 53;

+ antineutrino; (accept symbol)

Do not accept neutrino or gamma or energy, etc.

(c)

6 .4 1 0 5
6 .0
5 .0
4 .0
3 .0
2 .0
1 .0
0

5 .0

10

15

20

25

tim e / d a y s

shown on graph at least the 0, 8 and 16 day data points;

exponential shape;
scale on y-axis / goes through 24 day point;

(d) =

0.69
;
T

(accept ln 2 for 0.69)

= 0.086 d1 / 0.87 d1 / 1.0 106 s1;

(e) 0.5 = 6.4e0.086t;

to give t = 30d / 2.6 106 s / 29d / 2.5 106 s;

2
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(a)
the difference between the mass of the nucleus and
the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons / the
energy required to separate a nucleus into its component
nucleons / OWTTE;
1 max

2.

(b)
E / M eV
F
U

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

1
0

25

50

75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

A

Dont expect precision for any of these.

(i) F: between 8 and 9;

(ii) H: between 1 and 2;

(iii) U: between 7 and 8;

(c) general overall shape;

max at F =56, end point U;

(d) mass of nucleons = (2 1.00728) + 1.00867 = 3.02323 u;

mass difference = 0.0072 u = 6.7 MeV;
binding energy per nucleon = 6.7 / 3 = 2.2 MeV;
3
(e) (i) fusion;

(ii) from the position on the graph, the energy required to

assemble two
nuclei of 21 H is greater than that to assemble one
nucleus of 23 He ;
hence if two nuclei of 21 H combine to form one nucleus
of 23 He
energy must be released / OWTTE;
2
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