Kha hc LTH KIT-2: Mn Ho hc (Thy V Khc Ngc)

s 01

S 01
Gio vin: V KHC NGC
y l thi t luyn s 01 thuc kho LTH KIT-2: Mn Ha hc (Thy V Khc Ngc). s dng hiu qu,
bn cn lm trc cc cu hi trong trc khi so snh vi p n v hng dn gii chi tit trong video bi ging
(phn 1, phn 2, phn 3, phn 4 v phn 5).

Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:

H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Rb = 85,5; K = 39; Li = 7; Zn = 65; Ag
= 108; Ba = 137; F = 19; Mg = 24; P = 31; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Br = 80; I = 127; Au = 197; Pb = 207; Ni = 59; Si = 28;
Sn = 119.

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C CC TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)

Cu 1:Cho qu tm vo ln lt cc dung dch: CH3COOK, FeCl3, NH4NO3, K2S, Zn(NO3)2, Na2CO3. S
dung dch lm i mu giy qu l
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 2 :Hai hirocacbon A v B c cng cng thc phn t C5H12 tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1 : 1,
trong A to ra 1 dn xut duy nht cn B th cho 4 dn xut. Tn gi ca A v B ln lt l
A.2,2-imetylpropan v pentan.
B.2,2-imetylpropan v 2-metylbutan.
C.2-metylbutan v 2,2-imetylpropan.
D.2-metylbutan v pentan.
Cu 3:Trn 0,54 gam bt Al vi Fe2O3 v CuO, ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng
c khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn X gm Al2O3, FeO, CuO, Cu, Fe. Ha tan X trong dung dch
HNO3 d thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh Y gm NO2 v NO ktc. T khi ca hn hp Y so vi H2 l
A. 17.
B. 23.
C. 19.
D. 21.
Cu 4: Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etylenglicol v 0,2 mol cht hu c X ch cha 3 loi nguyn t l C, H,
O. t chy hon ton hn hp A cn 21,28 lt O2 (ktc), sau phn ng thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8
gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8O3.
B. C3H8O2.
C. C3H6O2.
D. C2H6O2.
Cu 5 :X, Y l 2 nguyn t kim loi thuc cng mt nhm A trong bng tun hon. Bit ZX < ZY v ZX + ZY =
32. Kt lun no sau y l ng?
A. Bn knh nguyn t ca X > Y.
B. Nng lng ion ha I1 ca X < Y.
C. X, Y u c 2 electron lp ngoi cng. D. Tnh kim loi ca X > Y.
Cu 6 :Chia m gam hn hp X gm C2H5OH, CH3COOH v HCOOCH3 thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc)
- Phn 2: tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M, sau phn ng thy dng ht 200 ml dung dch NaOH.
- Phn 3: t chy hon ton thu c 39,6 gam CO2.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 47.
B. 23,5.
C. 70,5.
D. 94.
Cu 7 :Cho axit X c cng thc l HOOC-CH2-CH(CH3)-COOH tc dng vi ancol etylic (xc tc H2SO4
c) th s hp cht c cha nhm chc este thu c ti a l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 8:Cho s phn ng sau:
CuO ,t 0
O2 / Mn2 , t 0
NaOH ,t 0
NaOH

Y
Z
X

G
Etylclorua
Trong dy trn, cht c nhit si cao nht l
A. Cht X.
B. Cht Y.
C. Cht Z.
D. Cht G.
Cu 9 :Cho phng trnh ha hc: FeO + HNO3Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ha hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s
ca HNO3 l
A. 16x 6y.
B. 8x 3y.
C. 16x 5y.
D. 10x 4y.
Cu 10 :Khi cho 1 mol amino axit X (ch cha nhm chc COOH v NH2) tc dng ht vi axit HCl
thu c 169,5 gam mui. Mt khc, cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c 177 gam
mui. Cng thc phn t ca X l
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A. C3H7NO2.
B. C4H7NO4.
C. C4H6N2O2.
D. C5H7NO2.
Cu 11:Khi t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2 (
ktc) v b gam H2O. Biu thc tnh V theo a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a - b).
B. V = 11,2(b - a).
C. V = 5,6(a - b).
D. V = 5,6(b - a).
Cu 12 :Cho cc nhn xt sau:
1. Trong in phn dung dch NaCl, trn catot xy ra s kh nc.
2. Trong n mn in ho, ti cc m xy ra s oxi ho kim loi.
3. Trong thc t loi b kh Cl2 thot ra trong phng th nghim ta phun kh NH3 vo phng
4. Dung dch H2O2 khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 long
5. Nguyn tc sn xut thp l oxi ho cc nguyn t phi kim trong gang thnh oxt
6. Sc Na2S d vo dung dch hn hp FeCl3 v CuCl2 thu c 3 loi kt ta.
7. lm mm nc cng tm thi c th dng cc cht sau: Na2CO3, Na3PO4, Ca(OH)2 va
S nhn xt ng l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 13 :Cho hn hp Fe3O4 v Cu vo dung dch HCl d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
dung dch A v cht rn B ch cha Cu. Cc cht tan trong dung dch A l
A. HCl, FeCl2, FeCl3
B. HCl, CuCl2, FeCl3
C. HCl, FeCl2, CuCl2
D. CuCl2, FeCl2,FeCl3
Cu 14 :Mt hn hp gm anehit acrylic v mt anehit n chc X. t chy hon ton 1,72 gam hn
hp trn cn va ht 2,296 lt kh oxi (ktc). Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 8,5 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. C2H5CHO.
C. CH3CHO.
D. C3H5CHO.
Cu 15 :Cho cc mnh di y:
a) Cc halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) c s oxi ha t 1 n +7.
b) Flo l cht ch c tnh oxi ha.
c) F2 y c Cl2 ra khi dung dch mui NaCl.
d) Tnh axit ca cc hp cht vi hiro ca cc halogen tng theo th t: HF, HCl, HBr, HI.
S mnh ng l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 16 :Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2 (
ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150 ml.
B. 75 ml.
C. 60 ml.
D. 30 ml.
Cu 17 :in phn 2 lt dung dch cha hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO4 vi in cc tr, c mng ngn n
khi H2O bt u in phn c hai cc th dng li. Ti catot thu 1,28 gam kim loi ng thi ti anot thu
0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Coi th tch dung dch khng i th pH ca dung dch sau in phn l
A. 3.
B. 12.
C. 13.
D. 2.
Cu 18 : Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
B. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
Cu 19 :Glixin phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm cht no sau y (iu kin phn ng xem
nh c )?
A. Qu tm, HCl, NH3, C2H5OH.
B. NaOH, HCl, C2H5OH, H2NCH2COOH.
C. Phenoltalein, HCl, C2H5OH, Na.
D. Na, NaOH, Br2, C2H5OH.
Cu 20 Cho dy cc cht: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, C6H5NH2 (anilin), C6H5OH
(phenol), C6H6 (benzen), CH3CHO. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 4.
Cu 21 :Nhit phn hon ton hn hp NH4NO3, Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)2 th cht rn thu c sau
phn ng gm
A. CuO, Fe2O3, Ag.
B. NH4NO2, Cu, Ag, FeO.
C. CuO, Fe2O3, Ag2O.
D. CuO, FeO, Ag.
Cu 22 :Trn 200 ml dung dch gm HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,05 M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 aM thu
c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH=13. Cc gi tr a, m tng ng l
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A. 0,25 v 4,66.
B. 0,15 v 2,33.
C. 0,15 v 3,495.
D. 0,2 v 2,33 .
Cu 23 :Cho hn hp A gm hai axit cacboxylic no mch h. t chy hon ton a mol hn hp A thu
c a mol H2O. Mt khc a mol hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 d thu c 1,4a mol CO2.
Phn trm khi lng ca axit c phn t khi nh hn trong A l
A. 43,4%.
B. 56,6%.
C. 25,41%.
D. 60,0%.
Cu 24 :T khi hi ca hn hp X (gm hai hirocacbon mch h) so vi H2 l 11,25. Dn 1,792 lt X
(ktc) i tht chm qua bnh ng dung dch brom d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng
bnh tng 0,84 gam. X phi cha hirocacbon no di y?
A. Propin.
B. Propan.
C. Propen.
D. Propaien.
Cu 25 :Nhn xt no sau y khng ng v kim loi kim?
A. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca kim loi kim l ns1
B. Kim loi kim oxi ho H2O d dng nhit thng gii phng H2.
C. Kim loi kim c cu trc mng tinh th lp phng tm khi .
D. Kim loi kim c iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy.
Cu 26 :Cho 11,8 gam hn hp A gm Al v kim loi M ho tr khng i tc dng va vi 150 ml
dung dch CuSO4 2M. Cho 5,9 gam A phn ng vi HNO3 d to ra 0,4 mol NO2 l sn phm kh duy
nht. Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Fe.
C. Cu.
D. Zn.
Cu 27 :Cho cc pht biu sau:
a, Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
b, Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen
c, Anehit tc dng vi H2 (d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt
d, Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2
e, Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ha
g, Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen
S pht biu ng l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 28 :Cho 11,6 gam mui FeCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3, c hn hp kh CO2, NO v
dung dch X. Khi thm dung dch HCl (d) vo dung dch X, th dung dch thu c ho tan ti a bao
nhiu gam bt ng kim loi, bit rng ch c kh NO bay ra?
A. 14,4 gam.
B. 7,2 gam.
C. 16 gam.
D. 32 gam.
Cu 29 :Cho cc dung dch c cng nng mol/l: NaHCO3 (1); Na2CO3 (2); NaCl (3); NaOH (4). pH
ca dung dch tng dn theo th t l
A. (1), (2), (3), (4)
B. (2), (3), (4), (1)
C. (3), (1), (2), (4)
D. (3), (2), (4), (1)
Cu 30 :Cho cht hu c A n chc (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O) khng c kh nng trng bc. A tc
dng va vi 96 gam dung dch KOH 11,66%, sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 23 gam cht
rn Y v 86,6 gam nc. t chy hon ton Y thu c sn phm gm 15,68 lt CO2 (ktc); 7,2 gam
nc v mt lng K2CO3. Cng thc cu to ca A l
A. CH3COOC6H5
B. HCOOC6H4CH3 C. CH3C6H4COOH D. C2H3COOC6H5
Cu 31 :Phng php thu luyn c th dng iu ch cc kim loi thuc nhm
A. Kim loi c tnh kh yu t Cu v sau trong dy in ho.
B. Kim loi trung bnh v yu t sau Al trong dy in ha.
C. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh.
D. Kim loi c tnh kh yu t sau Fe trong dy in ho .
Cu 32 :Cho dy cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol
benzylic, p-crezol, cumen. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 6.
Cu 33 :Cho hn hp X gm Cl2 v O2 phn ng va ht vi 9,6 gam Mg v 16,2 gam Al to ra 74,1 gam
hn hp mui clorua v oxit. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca Cl2 trong X l
A. 50%.
B. 55,56%.
C. 66,67%.
D. 44,44%.

SO
+ NO
+ NO
Cu 34 :Xt phn ng thun nghch sau: SO

2 (k)

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Kha hc LTH KIT-2: Mn Ho hc (Thy V Khc Ngc)

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Cho 0,11 mol SO2, 0,1 mol NO2, 0,07 mol SO3 vo bnh kn dung tch 2 lt, gi nhit n nh l t0C.
Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng thy cn li 0,02 mol NO2. Hng s cn bng KC ca phn ng
nhit l
A. 20.
B. 18.
C. 10.
D. 0,05.
Cu 35 :Pht biu no di y l khng ng?
A. H s trng hp l s lng n v mt xch monome trong phn t monome, c th xc nh mt
cch chnh xc.
B. Do phn t ln hoc rt ln nn nhiu polime khng tan hoc kh tan trong dung mi thng
thng.
C. Polime c dng mng li khng gian l dng polime chu nhit km nht.
D. Thy tinh hu c l polime c dng mch thng.
Cu 36 :Cho X l mt tetrapeptit cu to t mt amino axit (A) no, mch h c 1 nhm COOH; 1 nhm
NH2. Trong A, Nit chim 15,73% v khi lng. Thy phn m gam X trong mi trng axit thu c
41,58 gam tripeptit; 25,6 gam ipeptit v 92,56 gam A. Gi tr ca m l
A. 149 gam.
B. 161 gam.
C. 143,45 gam.
D. 159 gam.
Cu 37 : Pht biu no di y cha chnh xc?
A. Monosaccarit l cacbohirat ko th thy phn c.
B. isaccarit l cacbohiat thy phn sinh ra hai phn t monosaccarit.
C. Polisaccarit l cacbohirat thy phn sinh ra nhiu phn t monosaccarit.
D. Tinh bt, mantoz v glucoz ln lt l poli -, i v monosaccarit.
Cu 38 : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3, 0,05 mol HCl v 0,025
mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,3.
B. 0,6.
C. 0,2.
D. 0,4.
Cu 39 :Hn hp A gm hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm IIA. Ha tan
hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp A trong dung dch HCl thu c kh B. Cho ton b lng kh B hp th ht
bi 3 lt Ca(OH)2 0,015M, thu c 4 gam kt ta. Kim loi trong hai mui cacbonat l
A. Mg, Ca.
B. Ca, Ba.
C. Be, Mg.
D. A hoc C.
Cu 40 :Mnh no di y l ng?
A. Phng php chung iu ch ancol no, n chc bc 1 l cho anken cng nc.
B. un nng ancol metylic vi H2SO4 c 1700C thu c ete.
C. Ancol a chc ha tan Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh.
D. Khi oxi ha ancol no, n chc th thu c anehit.
II. PHN RING [10 cu]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41 :Trong s cc pin in ho c to thnh t cc cp oxi ho kh sau y: Fe2+/Fe v Pb2+/Pb;
Fe2+/Fe v Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe v Sn2+/Sn; Fe2+/Fe v Ni2+/Ni, s trng hp st ng vai tr cc m l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Cu 42 :Trung ha mt lng axit hu c n chc A bng NaOH va . C cn dung dch sau phn
ng ri t chy ht lng mui khan thu c 7,92 gam CO2; 6,36 gam Na2CO3 v hi nc. Cng thc
ca X l
A. HCOOH.
B. C2H3COOH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. C2H5COOH.
Cu 43 :Cho 27,48 gam axit picric (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) vo bnh kn dung tch 20 lt ri nung nng
nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh gm CO2, CO, N2 v H2. Gi bnh
12230C th p sut ca bnh l P atm. Gi tr ca P l
A. 7,724 atm.
B. 6,624 atm.
C. 8,32 atm.
D. 5,21 atm.

N 2O
Cu 44 :Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: 2NO2 k
.

4 k
(mu nu )
(khng mu)
Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c
A.H < 0, phn ng thu nhit.
B.H > 0, phn ng ta nhit.
C.H > 0, phn ng thu nhit.
D.H < 0, phn ng ta nhit.
Cu 45 :S tripeptit khi thy phn to ra c glyxin v alanin l
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A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 46 :Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui.
B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol.
D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
Cu 47 :Khi tin hnh ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien v acrilonitrin thu c mt loi cao su buna-N cha
8,69% nit. T l s mol buta-1,3-ien v acrilonitrin trong loi cao su l
A.1 : 2
B. 1 : 1
C. 2 : 1
D. 3 : 1
Cu 48 :Cho cac dung d ch mui sau : NaCl, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, FeCl3. Kim loai c th gip phn bit
c 4 dung dch trn la
A. Na.
B. Mg.
C. Ba.
D. K .
Cu 49 :Dy cc cht u c th to ra axit axetic bng mt phn ng l
A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO, C4H10, HCOOCH3.
B. CH3CH2Cl, CH3OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOC2H5.
C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, HCOOCH3 .
D. CH3OH, C2H5OH, C4H10, CH3CCl3.
Cu 50 :Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr
ca m l
A.9,75.
B.8,75.
C.7,80.D. 6,50.
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51 :Dy so snh tnh cht vt l ca kim loi no di y l khng ng?
A. Dn in v nhit Ag > Cu > Al > Fe . B. T khi Li < Fe < Os.
C. Nhit nng chy Hg < Al < W.
D. Tnh cng Cs < Fe < Al Cu < Cr.
Cu 52 :Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng
th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic.
B. axit propanoic.
C. axit etanoic.
D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 53 :Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng CO2 hp th
hon ton vo dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 275 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. un k dung dch Y
thu thm 50 gam kt ta. Khi lng m l
A. 750 gam.
B. 375 gam.
C. 555 gam.
D. 350 gam.
Cu 54 :Cho dy cc cht: Al2O3, NaHCO3, K2CO3, CrO3, Zn(OH)2, Sn(OH)2, AlCl3. S cht trong dy
c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Cu 55 :Xt cc dy chuyn ho:
HCl
NaOH
Glyxin
A
X
HCl
NaOH
Glyxin
B
Y
X v Y ln lt l
A. u l ClH3NCH2COONa.
B. ClH3NCH2COOH v ClH3NCH2COONa.
C. ClH3NCH2COONa v H2NCH2COONa.
D. ClH3NCH2COOH v H2NCH2COONa.
Cu 56 :Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi Pb v Sn c
ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A.Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho.
B.Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
C.Ch c Pb b n mn in ho.
D.Ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
Cu 57 :Poli (metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l
A. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.
C. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
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D. CH2=CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.
Cu 58 :C 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt cation v mt anion (khng trng nhau).
Cc ion trong c 4 dung dch gm: Ba 2+ , Mg 2+ , Pb 2+ , Na + , SO42- , Cl- , CO32- , NO3- . 4 dung dch l
A. BaCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2.
B. NaCl, MgSO4, BaCO3, Pb(NO3)2
C. BaCl2, PbSO4, Na2CO3, Mg(NO3)2.
D. MgCl2, BaSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2
HCN
H3 O +
Cu 59 :Cho s chuyn ha: CH3CHO
X
Y. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
t0
A. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH.
B. OHCCH2CN, OHCCH2COOH.
C. CH3CH(OH)CN, CH3CH(OH)COOH. D. CH3CN, CH3COOH.
Cu 60 :Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c cha mt
oxit) nng 0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A. 74,69%.
B. 95,00%.
C. 25,31%.
D. 64,68%.
Gio vin: V Khc Ngc
Ngun:

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