BI GING

PHN TCH THIT K H

THNG THNG TIN
Nguyn Vn V - Nguyn Th Nht Thanh
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin, i hc Cng ngh

Bi 3 Kho st h thng
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Ni dung
Cch tip cn, kho st hin trng

mt h thng thc
Cc phng php thu thp v xc

nh yu cu
Thc hnh k nng thu thp v xc

nh yu cu
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Ti liu tham kho

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

ngh, 2007.
Nguyn Vn V. Phn tch thi k HTTT. Hng cu trc v hng i
tng. NXB Thng k, 2002.
Nguyn Vn Vy. Phn tch v thit k HTTT qun l. NXB Khoa hc
T nhin v Cng ngh, H ni, 2007.
Nguyn vn Vy, Nguyn Vit H. Gio trnh K ngh phn mm. i
hc Cng ngh, 2006.
Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling
language User Guid. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
Jeffrey A.Hoffer, Joey F.Gorge, Joseph S.Valacich. Modern Systems
Analysis and Design. 2th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.
Sommerville. Software Engineering. 6th Edition, Addison- Wasley,
2001.

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Kho st hin trng 1 t chc

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Cu hi:
C my giai on kho st? Mc tiu

v ni dung mi giai on?

C my cch tip cn 1 t chc?

Phng chm v ni dung?

Kho st gm my bc? Ni dung

mi bc l g?

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Cc giai on kho st
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

1. Giai on kho st s b
Mc tiu: c d n kh thi pht trin h thng
Ni dung: Xc nh chc nng chnh, cc rng
buc chnh, mi trng h thng

2. Giai on kho st chi tit

Mc tiu: xc nh yu cu c th cho h thng
cn xy dng
Ni dung: thu thp thng tin v d liu chi tit
cc b phn lin quan n h thng cn pht
trin
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Cch tip cn 1 t chc

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

T chc - 1 h thng x hi - k thut

vi 3 c trng:

M hnh t chc
M hnh qun l
Hot ng nghip v

Chin lc tip cn
t trn xung (top-down)
t di ln (bottom up)

Oct-2007

t chc
h
thng
qun l

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

nghip
v

Cch tip cn mt t chc

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Nguyn tc t trn xung:

T chc: b phn cao nht thp nht
Qun l: ngi qun l cao nht thp nht
Nghip v: chc nng chung nht c th
Nguyn tc t di ln
t ch lm vic
t cng vic c th
t mt ngi c th
tch hp dn ln
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

S tin trnh tip cn kho st

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Kho st
t chc

S t
chc
cc b
phn
Tip
cn T chc
Oct-2007

Kho st
qun l

Kho st
nghip v

Nhn s
b phn
vai tr mi
ngi

Chc nng
b phn
quy tc
nghip v

Qun l

Nghip v

Phc tho h
thng pht trin
h thng
con 1

giao din

h thng
con 2
h thng
con 3

h khc,
mi trng

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Cc bc kho st thu thng tin

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

1. Thu thp d liu bng cc phng php

khc nhau
2. Cng c, b sung v hon thin kt qu
3. Tng hp kt qu
4. Hp thc ho kt qu
pht hin,
thu thp
Oct-2007

b sung,
hon thin

tng hp,
phn loi

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

hp thc
ha
9

Cc yu cu t ra
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Ngi phn tch cn:

Tnh xng xo
Tnh ch ng
S nghi ng
Ch n mi chi tit
t ngc mi vn
Kt qu cn hnh thnh theo

mu v cc chun mc

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

10

Cc d liu cn thu thp

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

S t chc, nhn s v vai tr

Cc cng vic, trnh t thc hin,
phng tin, khi lng v thi gian
Cc qui tc nghip v
Cc loi ti liu & c trng s dng
T chc, cc chnh sch & hng dn
Cc ngun lc
Cc iu kin mi trng
S mong i v h thng mi.
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

11

Cc khi nim s dng

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Ba khi nim:
Cng vic chc nng (function)
Th tc - qui tc nghip v (business rule)
H s, ti liu Thc th d liu (data entity)

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

12

Cc khi nim s dng

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Cng vic chc nng

Tp cc hot ng c lin quan vi nhau din
ra trong mt phm vi, c tc ng ln d liu
Tn gi: ng t + b ng
1.AAAA
Cc mc:
1 lnh vc (area of activities)
1 hot ng (activity)
1 nhim v (task)

1.1. bbbbb
1.2. cccc

1 hnh ng (action)

1.2.1. iii
1.2.2. jjj

Loi hnh: thu thp, cp nht, to, x l, truyn,

trnh din
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

13

Cc khi nim s dng

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Th tc - qui tc nghip v
Nhng quy tc, quy nh hay hng dn chi

phi cc hot ng ca t chc nhm m

bo s hiu qu ca chng
C 3 loi:
V qun l: bn trong/ ngoi t chc (p t)
V t chc: c th thay i
V k thut: phi tun th, gn vi thit b

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

14

Cc khi nim s dng

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

H s d liu thc th d liu

1 i tng ca th gii thc mang cc d liu

xc inh: 1th kho, 1chng t, s ghi n, 1 tp d

liu, 1 t sc...
Tn: l mt danh t
Vai tr: l u vo, u ra v i tng tc ng
ca cc hot ng nghip v

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

15

Phng php xc nh yu cu
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Phng php truyn thng

Oct-2007

Phng vn (interview)
Quan st ti ch (observe)
iu tra bng bng hi (questionnaire)
Nghin cu cc ti liu, th tc
(studying documents)

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

16

Phng php xc nh yu cu
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Phng php hin i

Thit k ng dng lin kt

H thng tr gip nhm
Cc cng c CASE
Phng php lm bn mu

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

17

Phng vn
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Hi trc tip ngi lin quan thu thng tin

Cch chnh: n gin, quan trng nht

Thu nhiu thng tin, kh tng hp

Cc yu t nh hng:
S chun b
Cht lng cu hi
Phng php, phng tin ghi
Kinh nghim & kh nng giao tip
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

18

Phng vn: chun b

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Chun b
Lp danh sch v chn ngi cn hi
Hn gp (a im, thi gian, ni dung)
Tm hiu, xc nh cu hi thch hp
Chun b cc phng tin h tr (mu phng
vn, my ghi m)
Lp k hoch phng vn

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

19

Phng vn: cu hi
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Cu hi
Cu hi ng: cu tr li xc nh
Cu hi m: ty thuc ngi tr li
Cu hi chin lc/cho: t cc ni dung
hi khc nhau nhm bit iu nm sau n
Cch hi
Bt u, tm hiu vi cu hi m
Kt thc, cht li vi cu hi ng

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

20

Phng vn: mu biu

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

K hoch phng vn
a im

Thi gian

i tng

Yu cu

Chng trnh
1.nn
2.nn
cu 1

Ngi hi
cu hi:

Ngi c hi
tr li:
bnh lun

cu 2

1 pht
2 pht

cu n

7 pht

Phiu phng vn

Lu cng vic

tng thi gian: n pht

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

21

Phng vn: tin hnh

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

T chc
Nhm 2 ngi: 1 hi, 1 ghi
Phng vn nhm >> c nhn
Kinh nghim
Cn nm, hiu thut ng nghip v, vn ha
Quan st, lng nghe, thay i thch hp
Trnh hi chuyn c nhn, ni b
Hi ngn gn, trc tip, khng p t
Tng bc thit lp s thn thin, tin cy
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

22

Quan st ti ch
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Nhn vo i tng thu thng tin

Hai cch: trc tip & qua phng tin

Dng b sung v chnh xc ha thng tin

C tnh b phn, b ngoi, b ng
Hn ch v thi gian, phm vi, i tng

c quan st

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

23

iu tra bng bng hi

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

S dng thm d d lun, quan im,

kin chung, c trng i chng rng ri

Nhanh, r, d tng kt, c sn cng c
o to ngi iu tra t tn km
chnh xc thp, mang tnh trung bnh
Bng hi 3 phn: thng tin chung, cu hi, b sung
Cn son tho, ly kin, iu tra th
Chn mu iu tra ty mc yu cu chnh xc
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

24

Nghin cu ti liu
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Bao gm:
Xc nh ti liu, bo co chnh cn thu thp
Phn loi, sao chp, ln danh sch, b sung
Ghi li cc ni dung chnh yu theo mu
Phn tch lm ni bt yu cu
Ni dung ch :

Oct-2007

chi tit v t chc, chc nng, nhn s, ngun lc

k hoch kinh doanh, sn phm, chnh sch, mi trng
cng vic, quy trnh, thi gian, chi ph, quy tc hot ng
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

25

Thit k ng dng lin kt - JAD

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Nhiu ngi tham gia phn tch h thng ti 1 a

im, trong 1 thi gian

Thnh phn: lnh o phin JAD, ngi s dng,
nh qun l, nh ti tr, nh phn tch h thng,
cc k thut vin v i ng pht trin h thng

Cho kt qu nhanh, hiu qu, chnh xc

Cn ngi c kinh nghim t chc & s
tr gip ca cc phng tin k thut
Tn km thi gian v tin ca

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

26

Thit k ng dng lin kt - JAD

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

my qut
S tin
trnh x l

bng trinh
din

Chng trnh
bng t

bng
trinh din

Vn
nu ra

my in

My
chiu
tn i biu

Oct-2007

Phng hp dnh cho phng php JAD

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

27

Phng php lm mu
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Ngi dng tham gia vo qu trnh pht trin &

xy dng mu ngi dng nh gi & sa

i mi khi c thng tin phn hi

S dng khi:
Nhu cu cha r rng
Nhiu ngi cng lm
Thit k chp nhn c phc tp
Mong yu cu c c t tt nht
Cc cng c v d liu sn sng
Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

28

Cc phng php khc

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

H thng tr gip nhm: tr gip vic lu tr, chia s

cc d liu, tng & tho lun v yu cu ca h

thng
Cc cng c CASE: phn tch h thng hin ti, pht
hin, lu tr v biu din yu cu nhm p ng
nhng thay i ca iu kin mi trng, tm ra cc
mu thun, b sung thiu st

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

29

Tng hp d liu
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Tng hp d liu trn 3 mt

Theo chc nng
Theo d liu
Theo tin trnh (kt hp chc nng v d liu)

Oct-2007

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

30

Tng hp d liu
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Bng tng hp h s d liu

tt

Tn-vai tr

d3 Phiu xut: ghi

Cng vic lq

Bng t in d liu
tt

tn

kiu c .dng l.vc r.buc

T1

hng xut

Bng tng hp cng vic

tt

tn, m t

T1 Lp n hng: khi
n k,.

Oct-2007

v tr tn sut h.s vo h.s ra q.tc nv

d1, d2

d4

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

31

Tng hp d liu tin trnh

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Tng hp theo tin trnh: biu hot ng

Cc khi nim s dng
K hiu

ngha

K hiu

im bt u tin trnh
tn

cng vic thc hin

im kt thc tin trnh

k

ng lin kt
tn

Oct-2007

n vi chc nng

ngha

im la chn iu kin
ng ng b

tn

h s d liu

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

32

Tng hp d liu tin trnh

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh
S kin

Phng o tao

Lnh o khoa

Gio vin

Sinh vin

D liu

trc ngy
thi 1 thng

lp lch thi,
lch d kin
chm thi d kin
xem v
c kin
kin
1 tun sau
khi gi

xem v c
kin
kin

xem v c
kin
kin

lch thi,
chm thi
d kin

tng hp kin
phn hi
vn

gii quyt

khng

lp lch thi, chm

thi chnh thc
trc ngy
thi u tin 2
tun

Oct-2007

lch ch.thc

xem
thc hin

xem thc
hin

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

lch thi,
chm thi
chnh
thc
33