5-XulyNV PTTK Ctruc

BI GING
PHN TCH THIT K H

THNG THNG TIN
Nguyn Vn V - Nguyn Th Nht Thanh
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin, i hc Cng ngh
Bi 5-M hnh tin trnh nghip v

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh
Ni dung
M hnh ha tin trnh nghip v
Biu lung d liu (Data Flow Diagram- DFD)
c t tin trnh nghip v bng DFD
Quy trnh pht trin c t tin trnh nghip v
Thit k lgic tin trnh x l h thng
V d
Oct - 2007
Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh
Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ngh, 2007.
Nguyn Vn V. Phn tch thi k HTTT. Hng cu trc v hng i
tng. NXB Thng k, 2002.
Nguyn Vn Vy. Phn tch v thit k HTTT qun l. NXB Khoa hc
T nhin v Cng ngh, H ni, 2007.
Nguyn vn Vy, Nguyn Vit H. Gio trnh K ngh phn mm. i
hc Cng ngh, 2006.
Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling
language User Guid. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
Jeffrey A.Hoffer, Joey F.Gorge, Joseph S.Valacich. Modern Systems
Analysis and Design. 2th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.
Sommerville. Software Engineering. 6th Edition, Addison- Wasley,
2001.
Oct - 2007
M hnh ho v vn dng
Cu hi:
M hnh ho tin trnh nghip v l g?
Cng c s dng l g?
Ti sao phi m hnh ha?
M t 1 m hnh gm nhng ni dung g?
Oct - 2007
M hnh ho tin trnh nghip v

M hnh ho tin trnh nghip v (modeling

business process) l s biu din th:
Cc chc nng thu thp, thao tc, lu tr, phn
phi v trnh din d liu
Mi quan h trnh t gia chng, cng nh gia
chng v mi trng
Ca 1 h thng nghip v c xt
Cng c: biu lung d liu (DFD)

Ni dung 1 m hnh: khi nim, k php, cc quy
tc, quy trnh v hng dn s dng
Oct - 2007
M hnh: Biu lung d liu

Cu hi:
Cc khi nim ca m hnh?
Cc k php?
Cc quy tc xy dng (loi, ni dung mi loi)?
Quy trnh pht trin 1 biu lung d liu?
(my loi, ni dung mi loi)?
Phn bit DFD vt l v lgic ?
Cch chuyn DFD vt l sang DFD logic?
Oct - 2007
Cc khi nim
1. Tin trnh (process) l 1 hay 1 s cng vic hoc

hnh ng c tc ng ln d liu lm cho chng di
chuyn, thay i, c lu tr, phn phi hay trnh din
Tn tin trnh: l 1 mnh gm: ng t + b ng
ng t: ch hnh ng
B ng: ch i tng d liu chu tc ng
Tn tin trnh: duy nht, ngn gn, phn nh c
ni dung hot ng &ph hp vi ngi dng.
V d: Lp (ng t) n hng (b ng)
Oct - 2007
Cc khi nim
2. Tc nhn (actor) l:
1ngi, 1nhm ngi, 1b phn,1 t chc hay 1
HTTT khc
nm ngoi phm vi h thng c xt: khng thc
hin chc nng no thuc phm vi
c tng tc vi n v mt thng tin: gi/nhn d
liu t n
Tn tc nhn: l 1 mnh danh t
V d: Khch hng, Ngn hng, h k ton
Oct - 2007
Cc khi nim
3. Kho d liu (data store) l cc d liu c lu

tr ti mt ch, thng trn mt vt mang.
Cng mt loi d liu, trn cng vt mang c th lu
nhiu ni c nhiu kho cng tn
Tn kho d liu: l 1 mnh danh t, c th l chnh tn
vt mang
V d: cc kho d liu nh: Khch hng, phiu nhp
Oct - 2007
Cc khi nim
4. Lung d liu (data flow) l cc d liu di chuyn

t mt v tr n 1 v tr khc trn 1 vt mang no .
Vt mang d liu c th l 1 i tng hay ng
truyn
Tn tc nhn: l 1 mnh danh t, c th ly tn vt
mang
V d: thng bo, n t hng
Oct - 2007
10
Cc k php ha
Khi nim
Lung d liu
Tc nhn
K php ca Gane v
Sarson (1979)
tn lung
tn tc nhn
n
K php ca Demarco
v Yourdon (1979)
tn lung
tn tc nhn
tn tin
trnh
tn tin
trnh
Kho d liu
D tn kho d liu
tn kho d liu
Oct - 2007
Tin trnh
11
Cc quy tc xy dng biu

Tin trnh l duy nht

Kho d liu & tc nhn c th v lp
Mi tin trinh phi c t nht 1 lung d liu vo/ra
D liu qua cc tin trnh cn c x l cc
lung ra khc cc lung vo
Cc lung d liu i vo to ra cc lung d
liu ra: bo tn cc dng d liu (vt cht)
i tng ch c lung d liu ra hoc vo ch c
th l tc nhn
Oct - 2007
12
TIN TRNH
Cc quy tc xy dng biu

Khng c cc lung d liu sau:

T tc nhn n tc nhn
T tc nhn n kho d liu hay ngc li
T kho d liu n kho d liu
Lung d liu quay v ni xut pht
1
Oct - 2007
13
Quy tc phn r mt tin trnh

Phn r 1 tin trnh l phn chia n
thnh 1 biu lung d liu vi cc

tin trnh v lung d liu chi tit hn
Quy tc phn r (decomposition):
Bo ton cc yu t mi trng lin quan:

cc tc nhn, lung DL
m bo thc hin chc nng ca tin trnh
c xt
m bo cc nguyn tc lp biu
Oct - 2007
14
V d: tin trnh 1.0 chn phn r

n hng
KHCH
ho n
thu tin
2.0
Cp nht
mn n bn
thc n
NH BP
3.0
mn n bn
D2 Mn n bn
Oct - 2007
1.0
Nhn v x
l n hng
Cp nht thc
thc phm cn
phm s dng
D1 th kho thc phm
15
V d: phn r 1 tin trnh

1.1
n
hng Nhn n
hng
n
hng
n
hng
1.2
ho Lp ho n
n thanh ton
Oct - 2007
n
hng
n
hng
1.3
thc n
Chuyn n hng
thnh mn n
1.5
bng k
Lp bng k thc thc phm 3.0
n s dng
1.4
Lp bng mn bng k
hng bn
n bn
2.0
16
S dng DFD c t M hnh

x l nghip v
DFD c s dng c t:
Oct - 2007
Biu ng cnh
Biu MHDFD vt l ca h hin thi
Biu MHDFD logic ca h thng hin thi
Biu MHDFD logic cho h thng xy dng
Biu MHDFD vt l ca h thng xy dng
17
Tin trnh xy dng cc biu MH

M
hnh
nghip
v
Pht trin
DFD
mc 0 (a)
M hnh
x l
nghip
v
DFD
DFD
mc
mc00
Oct - 2007
Pht trin
cc DFD
mc 1 (b)
Pht trin
cc DFD
mc n (b)
DFD
DFD
mc
mc11
DFD
DFD
mc
mcnn
18
S hnh thnh cc biu

biu ng
cnh
a
biu mc 0
b
hai biu
mc 1
b
biu mc 2
(thp nht)
..
.
Oct - 2007
1.0
1.0
2.1
3.0
2.0
2.3
2.2.
2.1
2.2.2
2.2.1
2.2.3
3.1
3.2
cc tc
nhn
cc tin trnh
c s
19
a. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc 0

u vo: m hnh nghip v:

(1) Biu ng cnh
(2) Biu phn r chc nng
(3) M t chi tit chc nng l
(4) Cc h s s dng
(5) Ma trn thc th chc nng
(6) Biu hot ng
Cc bc tin hnh:
Oct - 2007
20

Cc bc tin hnh
Xut pht t biu ng cnh
Thc hin ln lt 3 thao tc:
1. Thay th tin trnh duy nht ca biu ng
cnh (1) = cc tin trnh con tng ng vi
cc chc nng mc 1 trong biu phn r
chc nng (2)
2. Gi nguyn cc tc nhn, kho d liu v
lung d liu t (1) v chuyn sang. Cn t
u mt mi lung d liu vo tin trnh con
thch hp
Oct - 2007
21

Cc bc tin hnh (tip):

3.Thm vo:
cc kho d liu: mi kho tng ng vi 1
h s trong (4)
cc lung d liu gia kho d liu v tin
trnh: mi lung tng ng vi 1 ch
(R,U,C) trong (5)
Cc lung d liu gia 2 tin trnh da
trn m t (3) v (6)
Oct - 2007
22
V d: pht trin biu mc 0

t.t. xe
khch
phn hi
v xe
1.0
nhn xe
a bng gi
k
2.0
tr xe
b v xe
c s xe vo d s xe ra
lnh
o
cng ty
g phiu chi
y/c bo
co
bo co
4.0
bo co
bin bn f
h bo co
v xe
tt s c
"khng g.q."
gii quyt
bin bn
s c
a b c d e f
1
R C U R
R R
Oct - 2007
DS thc th
a. xxxx
b. xxxx
c. xxxx
d. xxxx
e. xxxx
f. xxxx
g. xxxx
h. xxxx
khch
phiu chi
phiu t.ton
"v sai"
e phiu t.ton
3.0
0
H
thng
U C
R R
g h
C C
R R R R R 23C
b. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc i

u vo: mt biu mc i-1

Cc bc tin hnh:
Xut pht t 1 tin trnh trong biu mc i-1

m cha tng ng vi 1chc nng l trong (2)
Thc hin lin tip 3 thao tc:
1. Thay th tin trnh c chn = cc tin trnh

con tng ng vi cc chc nng mc i+1
trong biu phn r chc nng (2)
Oct - 2007
24
b. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc i

Cc bc tin hnh (tip)

2. Gi nguyn cc tc nhn, kho d liu v
lung d liu lin quan vi tin trnh
chn t biu mc i-1 v chuyn sang.
Ch :
- Nu c tin trnh lin quan vi n biu
mc i-1 th thm bng 1 tc nhn mi
- Cn t cc u mt ca cc lung d liu
vo tin trnh con mi 1 cch thch hp
3. Thm vo cc lung d liu gia 2 tin trnh
da trn m t (3) v (6)
Oct - 2007
25
b. V d pht trin biu mc 1

u vo: biu mc 0 (i-1= 1-1=0)

Tin trnh chn: 1.0
t.t. xe
phn hi
khch
ngi coi
c s xe vo
Biu DFD
mc 0
a bng gi
2.0
tr xe
b v xe
d s xe ra
v xe
phiu t.ton
"v sai"
e phiu t.ton
khch
lnh
o
cng ty
Oct - 2007
v xe
1.0
nhn xe
g phiu chi
y/c bo
co
bo co
4.0
bo co
bin bn f
h bo co
3.0
tt s c
"khng g.q."
gii quyt bin bn

s c
phiu chi
26
b. V d pht trin biu mc 1

Biu DFD vt l mc 1 tng ng vi tin
trnh 1.0 Nhn xe
ht ch
khch
t.t. xe
sai loi
1.1
nhn dng
xe
ngi coi
a bng gi
1.4
ghi s xe
vo
ngi coi
Oct - 2007
d s xe ra
loi xe
ng loi
c s xe vo
t.t. ghi v
v xe
1.2
kim tra
ch trng
ngi coi
cn
ch
t.t.xe
b v xe
1.3
ghi v
ngi coi
27
Biu DFD vt l & logic

C 2 loi biu lung d liu:

Biu lung d liu vt l
Trong biu , cc tin trnh, lung d liu, kho d liu m t

cc i tng vt l ca th gii thc. Trong hp ny, tin
trnh c thm phn th 3 ghi phng tin thc hin tin trnh
N c dng c t tin trnh x nghip v ca h thng
hin thi c gi l m hnh lung d liu khi nim.
Biu lung d liu lgic
Trong cc thnh phn u l nhng khi nim 1 ci tn,

khng gn vi bt k mt yu t vt no. Nh vy ta c th
ci bin n mt cch ty , ch cn m bo lgic nghip v.
N c dng cho vic thit k lgc h thng x l.
Oct - 2007
28
Chuyn DFD vt l sang DFD logic

Xc nh cc tin trnh thit yu khng th b i,

Xc nh cc kho d liu cn thit cho cc tin trnh,
Cu trc cc lung d liu gi chng sao cho:
m bo thc hin c cc chc nng yu cu
m bo cc quy tc ca DFD
n gin nht c th c, gim s ph thuc gia cc
tin trnh. V d: thay cc lung d liu gia cc tin
trnh bng lung d liu gia cc tin trnh v kho
Thc cht ca hot ng ny l nhm hon thin quy
trnh nghip v ca h thng cn xy dng.
Kim tra li v hon thin

Oct - 2007
29
Chuyn DFD vt l sang DFD logic

Sau khi chuyn DFD vt l sang DFD lgic, ta cn

chuyn cc m t mi tin trnh sang c t lgic
(bng cc cng c: ting anh c cu trc, cy qut
nh, bng quyt nh hay biu trng thi).
Cc DFD lgic v cc c t lgic cc tin trnh mc
thp nht ca chng cho ta thit k lgic x l ca h
thng cn xy dng
Trng hp h thng mi cn thm cc yu cu mi
th phi b sung cc thnh phn ny vo cc DFD
lgic cng nh b sung cc c t lgc tng ng
c thit k lgic ca h thng mi
Oct - 2007
30
V d: chuyn DFD vt l sang logic

NH
phiu giao
CUNG CP
1.0
5.0
lp ho n
thanh ton
nhn vin
n hng
6.0
lp n hng
mi
nhn vin
phiu giao
3.0
D1 cp xp
ho n
D5
s nht k
D4
ha n
phiu giao
D2
n hng
mc ti thiu
lng tn kho
BP TN KHO
BP S DNG TF
ghi nht k
phiu giao
nhn vin
D3
phiu giao
so snh s dng v
tn kho
nhn vin
2.0
tng s
dng
ghi tng thc phm

nhn c
th kho
4.0
th kho
ghi tng s dng vo

th kho
th kho
Biu lung d liu vt l ca h thng qun l kho

Oct - 2007
31

BP KHO
NH CUNG
CP
ho
n
phiu giao
D4
ha n
4.0
to ho n
thanh ton
D2
n hng
n hng
1.0
nhn v cp nht
thc phm mi
2.0
cp nht thc
phm s dng
tng b sung
D1
phiugiao
3.0
to n
hng
D3
th kho
tng s
dng
lng tn kho
s lng ti thiu
Biu lung d liu logic mc 0 h thng qun l nhp kho hin thi
- Dn v gim i 1 tc nhn
- B i 2 kho vt l thay bng 1 kho lgic

- B i 2 tin trnh thc hin trong tin trnh khc
Oct - 2007
32

Gi s h thng mi t thm cc yu cu:

1. D liu cn c cp nht ngay
2. H thng cnh bo lp n hng cho cc thc
phm cn tng m bo s sng
3. Ngi qun l bit c tn kho v yu cu d tr
bt k lc no
Yu cu 1 v 2 c th thc hin cc tin trnh 1.0
v 2.0 bng cch t chc cp nht ngay v x l
ngay sau khi cp nht a ra thng bo v thc
phm cn b sung
thc hin yu cu 3 ch cn thm vo tc nhn
NGI QUN L v tin trnh truy vn tn kho
(d liu c sn)
Oct - 2007
33

NH CUNG
CP
ho
n
D2
phiu giao
D4 ha n
4.0
to ho n
thanh ton
n hng
n hng
BP KHO
1.0
nhn v cp nht
thc phm mi
2.0
cp nht thc
phm s dng
tng b sung
D1
phiugiao
3.0
to n
hng
tng s
dng
D3 th kho
lng tn kho
s lng ti thiu
NH
QUN L
yu
cu
5.0
truy vn kt qu
tn kho truy vn
Biu lung d liu logic mc 0 cho h thng qun l nhp kho mi

Oct - 2007
34
S dng m hnh DFD

Cu hi:
Khi pht trin mt ng dng cn cc m hnh
lung d liu no? Trnh t s dng n?
S dng cc m hnh DFD mi loi lm
g?
Tin trnh pht trin cc m hnh lung d
liu qua cc bc nh th no? Chng c
gi tn tng ng l g?
Oct - 2007
35
S dng cc m hnh DFD

S dng m hnh lung d liu khi nim :
Hiu c hot ng x l nghip v

Hon thin c t yu cu nghip v: pht hin yu t
thiu, yu t d tha t vic phn tch m hnh v m
bo cc quy tc lp m hnh
Dng giao tip
S dng m hnh lung d liu lgc :
Hon thin quy trnh nghip v

La chn phng n thch hp
u vo cho thit k vt l h thng
Oct - 2007
36
Tin trnh pht trin cc m hnh

x l nghip v ca ng dng
M
hnh
nghip
v
Oct - 2007
Pht trin
cc DFD
vt l
Chuyn cc
DFD vt l
sang logic
B sung
chc
nng mi
Thit h
thng
x l
M hnh
khi nim
x l
nghip v
h hin ti
M hnh
thit k
lgic x l
nghip v
h hin ti
M hnh
thit k
lgic x l
nghip v
h mi
M hnh
h thng
vt l ca
h mi
37

5-XulyNV PTTK Ctruc

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

5-XulyNV PTTK Ctruc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BI GING

PHN TCH THIT K H

Bi 5-M hnh tin trnh nghip v

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

M hnh ho tin trnh nghip v

M hnh ho tin trnh nghip v (modeling

Cng c: biu lung d liu (DFD)

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

M hnh: Biu lung d liu

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

1. Tin trnh (process) l 1 hay 1 s cng vic hoc

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

3. Kho d liu (data store) l cc d liu c lu

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

4. Lung d liu (data flow) l cc d liu di chuyn

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Cc quy tc xy dng biu

Tin trnh l duy nht

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Cc quy tc xy dng biu

Khng c cc lung d liu sau:

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Quy tc phn r mt tin trnh

Phn r 1 tin trnh l phn chia n

thnh 1 biu lung d liu vi cc

Bo ton cc yu t mi trng lin quan:

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

V d: tin trnh 1.0 chn phn r

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

V d: phn r 1 tin trnh

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

S dng DFD c t M hnh

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

Tin trnh xy dng cc biu MH

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

S hnh thnh cc biu

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

a. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc 0

u vo: m hnh nghip v:

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

a. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc 0

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

a. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc 0

Cc bc tin hnh (tip):

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

V d: pht trin biu mc 0

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

b. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc i

u vo: mt biu mc i-1

Xut pht t 1 tin trnh trong biu mc i-1

1. Thay th tin trnh c chn = cc tin trnh

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

b. Qui trnh pht trin biu mc i

Cc bc tin hnh (tip)

Khoa Cng ngh thng ti - i hc Cng ngh

b. V d pht trin biu mc 1

u vo: biu mc 0 (i-1= 1-1=0)