6-ERM PTTK Ctruc

BI GING
PHN TCH THIT K H

THNG THNG TIN
Nguyn Vn V - Nguyn Th Nht Thanh
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin, i hc Cng ngh
Bi 6-M hnh d liu khi nim

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh
Ni dung
M hnh d liu khi nim: m hnh thc
th mi quan h (Entity Relationships
Model ERM)
Cc thnh phn ca ERM
Cc bc xy dng mt ERM cho 1
ng dng
V d
Oct - 2007
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh
Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ngh, 2007.
Nguyn Vn V. Phn tch thi k HTTT. Hng cu trc v hng i
tng. NXB Thng k, 2002.
Nguyn Vn Vy. Phn tch v thit k HTTT qun l. NXB Khoa hc
T nhin v Cng ngh, H ni, 2007.
Nguyn vn Vy, Nguyn Vit H. Gio trnh K ngh phn mm. i
hc Cng ngh, 2006.
Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling
language User Guid. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
Jeffrey A.Hoffer, Joey F.Gorge, Joseph S.Valacich. Modern Systems
Analysis and Design. 2th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.
Sommerville. Software Engineering. 6th Edition, Addison- Wasley,
2001.
Oct - 2007
M hnh thc th - mi quan h

Cu hi
M hnh thc th - mi quan h l g?
Cc khi nim v k php ca n?
Cc quy tc c s dng m t mi quan h?
Quy trnh pht trin 1 ERM ca 1 ng dng?
Nu cc m rng ca m hnh?
C nhng cch tip cn no pht trin m hnh
ca 1 ng dng?
Oct - 2007
M hnh thc th - mi quan h

(Entity Relationships Model- ERM)
M hnh thc th mi quan h l mt biu din th

ca cc lp d liu v mi quan h ng ngha gia
chng.
M hnh gm ba thnh t c bn:
Thc th
Mi quan h gia cc thc th
Thuc tnh ca thc th hay mi quan h
ERM c Peter Chen xut 1976 v nhiu tc gi

khc (Teorey[1986], Storey[1991]) b sung, hon
thin.
Oct - 2007
Thc th (entity)
Mt thc th l mt khi nim ch:

mt lp (khng phi 1 c th):
cc i tng ca th gii thc (nhn thy c)

hay
cc khi nim c lp (khng bao cha ci khc)
c cng nhng c trng chung
Tn ca thc th: l mt mnh danh t

K php: hnh ch nht c tn bn trong
Oct - 2007
V d: thc th
Tn
SINH VIN
MN HC
Oct - 2007
K php
i tng m
t
SINH VIN
ch nhng
ngi ang
theo hc
trng i
hc, cao ng
MN HC
Loi
vt th
ca th
gii thc
ch cc ch
c ni dung
khi
xc nh dy
nim
trong trng
hc
c trng
h v tn
ngy sinh
gii
qu qun
trnh ng.ng
tn mn
s hc trnh
Bn th (instance)
Bn th l 1 i tng c th ca 1 thc th
V d: 1 bn th ca thc th SINHVIN l 1 sinh vin c th:
(Nguyn Trung Thnh,7/12/ 1977, nam, H Ni, Anh C)
Phn bit thc th v bn th

Tiu thc
Thc th
Bn th
Khi nim
Ch 1 lp i tng
Ch 1 i tng c th
S lng
Mt
Nhiu
Bn cht
Khung cha d liu
D liu
Th hin
Tn thc th v tn cc
c trng
B cc gi tr tng ng
vi cc c trng
Oct - 2007
Thuc tnh (attribute) ca thc th

Thuc tnh ca thc th l cc c trng ca thc th

m ta quan tm (khng phi tt c)
Tn thuc tnh l mt danh t
Cc loi thuc tnh ca thc th:
Thuc tnh tn gi: gi tr cho tn gi 1 bn th

Trong tin Vit, tn thuc tnh tn gi thng cha t
tn. y l 1 u hiu tm thuc tnh tn gi
Thuc tnh nh danh: gi tr ca n xc nh duy nht

mi bn th.
Thuc tnh m t: cc thuc tnh cn li
Thuc tnh lp: vi 1 bn th c th c nhiu gi tr
Oct - 2007
Thuc tnh ca thc th

Ch :
1 thc th phi c t nht 1 thuc tnh (l tn gi)
V d: h v tn l thuc tnh tn gi ca t.t. SINHVIEN
Tn thuc tnh khng cha tn thc th khc hay 1
ng t.
V d: lp khng th l thuc tnh ca t.t. SINHVIN
Thuc tnh nh danh c th chn t thuc tnh ca thc
th hay c thm vo.
V d: s phng l nh danh ca t.t. PHNG
m sinhvin l nh danh ca t.t. SINHVIN
(c thm vo)
Oct - 2007
10
K php cho thuc tnh thc th

Loi thuc tnh

nh danh
lp
cn li
K php
tn t.tnh
tn t.tnh
tn t.tnh
Nhn dng
TT
TT
Tn c gch
chn
Hnh elip kp
TT
Thuc tnh ca thc th c gn vi thc th bng

1 on thng
Oct - 2007
11
Biu din mt thc th

htnsinhvin
msinhvin
ngysinh
SINH VIN
gii
ququn
trnh
ngoing
d phn bit: tn thc th vit ch in, thuc tnh vit

ch thng, nh danh gc trn-tri
Oct - 2007
12
Cc mi quan h (Relationships)
Mi quan h l khi nim phn nh mi quan h ng

ngha vn c gia cc bn th ca cc thc th trong
th gii thc
Tn mi quan h: l mt mnh ng t
K php: hnh thoi c tn quan h bn trong biu din
mi quan h v c ni vi cc thc th tham gia
mi quan h bng cc on thng
Hai loi mi quan h ng ngha vn c:
Tng tc - th hin bng ngoi ng t
S hu hay ph thuc: th hin bng ni ng t
(l, ca, c, , thuc, theo)
Oct - 2007
13
V d: mi quan h MUA-tng tc
i tng
tham gia
Bn cht
TH GiI
THC
Vn c, mang 1 khch c th
ngha thc 1 mt hng c
th
M HNH
Khi nim ca
m hnh
Oct - 2007
Biu din
Khch Mua Hng
Thc th:
KHCH v
HNG
KHCH
MUA
HNG
14
Cc thuc tnh ca mi quan h

Mi quan h cng c thuc tnh

Mi quan h th hin bng ng t, nn thuc tnh
s l cc c trng tr li cc cu hi ca ng t:
Bng cch no? (phng thc hnh ng: hp ng)
Khi no?(thi gian ~: 10gi 30)
Bao nhiu? (kt qu nh lng: 5, 10)
Nh th no? (kt qu nh tnh: tt, xu, trung bnh)
tm cc thuc tnh ca 1 quan h, ta ch cn tr

li cc cu hi trn cho ng t ch mi quan h
v tm n t cc c trng
Oct - 2007
15
Thc th trong mi quan h

Khi cc thc th ham gia vo 1 mi quan h, nhng

vn sau y t ra cn c m t:
1. Bao nhiu thc th tham gia vo 1 quan h?
2. Bao nhiu bn th ca 1 thc th c th tham gia
vo 1 quan h c th?
Tr li cu hi 1, ta c khi nim bc ca quan h
Tr li cu hi 2, ta c khi nim bn s ca thc th
tham gia quan h
Oct - 2007
16
Bc ca mi quan h
(degree of relationship)
Bc ca mi quan h l s cc thc th tham gia vo

mi quan h .
Cc loi bc
Bc 1 ( quyrecursive ~)
NGI
Bc 2 (binary ~)
KHCH
MUA
Oct - 2007
LP
SCH
nhiu hn
3
GVIN
HNG
TCGIA
KT HN
Bc 3 (ternary~)
MN
DY
CA
17
Bn s (cardinality) ca thc th
Bn s ca thc th l s bn th ca n c th tham
gia vo 1 mi quan h c th
Ta quan tm n bn s nh nht v ln nht
B.s nh nht
B.s ln nht
bng khng (0)
bng mt (|)
bng khng (0)
bng mt (|)
bng mt (|)
Oct - 2007
bng nhiu (
Biu din
bng mt (|)
bng nhiu (
18
Dng bn s m t mi quan h
S ph thuc tn ti: 1 bn th ca thc th khng th

tn ti nu khng c tn ti 1bn th ca thc th kia
Thc th yu: l thc th c s ph thuc tn ti vo
thc th khc
PHIM
SAO
BN SAO
Thc th yu
Oct - 2007
19
s lng
NGI
KT HN
NHM SN PHM
Oct - 2007
MC
THUC
GM
SN PHM
20
MN HC
GIO VIN
DY
s tit
LP
Cch xc nh bn s ca thc th trong 1 mi quan h:

1. C nh s nh nht ca 1 thc th, xc nh s ln
nht ca cc thc th cn li.
2. Da trn ng ngha ca mi quan h
3. Da trn d liu ca h s m t mi quan h
Oct - 2007
21
Cc trng hp m rng
Tch thuc tnh a tr (lp) bng mi quan h ph

thuc to thnh thc th mi c cc thuc tnh n
sbnhnhn
ach
s bnhnhn
BNH NHN
bcs khm
triuchng
sbnhnhn
tn bnhnhn
BNH NHN
ngykhm
tnbnhnhn
LCH S
IU TR
ach
Oct - 2007
ngykhm
triuchng
bcskhm
22
Cc trng hp m rng
Tch cc thuc tnh ph thuc thi gian

gi
msnphm
ngyhiulc
SN PHM
msnphm
SN PHM
ngyhiulc
msnphm
LCH S GI
gi
Oct - 2007
23
Biu din qui tc nghip v

Qui tc nghip v l nhng th tc, quy nh v

nguyn tc ca mt t chc ra nhm m bo cho
hot ng ca h t c mc tiu mong mun
Qui tc nghip v c th hin trong m hnh d liu
di cc dng sau:
Tnh ton vn thc th (nh danh)
Cc rng buc tham chiu (ph thuc tn ti)
Min gi tr (gi tr ng)
Cc hot ng kch hot (cc rng buc khc)
Oct - 2007
24
Tin trnh xy dng 1 MHDLKN

Cch tip cn 1: thc hin ng thi
Danh mc
h s DL
Ni dung
h s
T in DL
Cc thc th
& thuc tnh
Cc mi quan
h & thuc tnh
Lit k,
chnh xc,
chn lc
thng tin
Xc nh
thc th &
thuc tnh
Xc nh
mi quan
h & thuc
tnh
Chun ha,
thu gn
V biu
m hnh
M hnh d liu
quan nim
Oct - 2007
25
Tin trnh xy dng 1 MHKNDL

Cch tip cn 2: thc hin tng h s ri tch hp

Danh mc
h s DL
Ni dung
h s
M hnh
d liu
quan nim
Oct - 2007
Cc mi quan
h & thuc tnh
T in DL
Cc thc th
& thuc tnh
Lit k,
chnh xc,
thng tin
Xc nh
thc th &
thuc tnh
Xc nh mi
quan h &
thuc tnh
Tch hp
cc m hnh
V biu
m hnh
Chun ha,
thu gn
m hnh
cho 1 h s
26
1.Lit k, chnh xc ho, chn lc

cc thng tin c s
D liu vo: danh sch h s d liu, mu h s

D liu ra: bng lit k cc mc t in d liu
Quy tc:
Xt tng h s, lit k cc mc d liu ca n

Chnh xc ho:
z
z
Mi mc ch 1 i tng duy nht

Hai mc khc nhau ch 2 i tng khc nhau
Chn lc:
1. Mi mc l chung cho c lp h s c xt
2. Mi mc l s cp (khng suy trc tip t cc mc khc)
3. Mi mc c chn 1 ln
Oct - 2007
27
2.Xc nh cc thc th, cc thuc

tnh & nh danh ca n
D liu vo: Bng t in d liu

D liu ra: Cc thc th v thuc tnh ca chng
Quy tc:
Xc nh cc thuc tnh tn gi. mi thuc tnh tn
gi cho tng ng mt thc th
Xc nh cc thuc tnh cn li ca thc th
Xc nh thuc tnh nh danh ca thc th
Loi i cc thuc tnh s dng trong bng t
in
Oct - 2007
28
3. Xc nh cc mi quan h &
thuc tnh ca chng
D liu vo: Bng t in d liu cn li

D liu ra: cc mi quan h v thuc tnh ca chng
Quy tc:
a. Xc nh cc mi quan h tng tc: Tm cc ng t v
tr li cc cu hi sau cho mi ng t
Cu hi tm thc th
Ai? cho ai?
Tr li
Cu hi tm thuc tnh
Tm trong Bng cch no?
Ci g? cho ci g?
u?
Tr li
s cc thc Khi no?

th c Bao nhiu?
Tm trong
bng thuc
t in d
liu cn li
Nh th no?
Sau loi i cc thuc tnh s dng khi bng t in
Oct - 2007
29
3.Xc nh cc mi quan h &

thuc tnh ca n
Quy tc:
b. Xc nh cc mi quan s hu hay ph thuc:
Khi xt ht cc ng t, ta tm c cc mi quan h t.tc.
By gi xt tng cp thc th xem gia chng c mi quan
h ph thuc (bng ng t: thuc, theo, ) hay s hu
(bng ng t: l, ca ,c) no khng? v xem c thuc
tnh no (t bng thuc tnh) l ca n hay khng? V sau
khi dng th xa n khi bng t in.
Qu trnh kt thc khi xt mi cp thc th v bng t in
thuc tnh trng.
Oct - 2007
30
4.V biu m hnh

Trc ht v cc thc th
Vi mi mi quan h tm c, v n xen vo cc
thc th tham gia quan h ny.
Ni cc quan h vi cc thc th tham gia
c khung m hnh.
Sp xp li cho khung m hnh cn i, d nhn (t
ng ct nhau).
B sung cc thuc tnh ca thc th v mi quan
h, gch chn tn cc nh danh.
Xc nh bn s ca cc thc th
Oct - 2007
31
5. Chun ho v rt gn biu
Chun ha li m hnh (loi b thuc tnh lp,

nhm lp, thuc tnh ph thuc thi gian, m bo
qui tc nghip v).
Rt gn m hnh nu c th.
Xc nh li bn s ca cc thc th tham gia mi
mi quan h, nu cn.
Oct - 2007
32
V d: Bi ton
Mt cu lc b gii tr gm mt s khu vui chi. Mi khu

c t chc cc dch v. Cc thnh vin c th mua th v
n gii tr mt a im bt k. T kho st, ta c cc
h s v ti liu sau
Bng qung co dch v
1
H by mu
200 L Dun
Khu vc s
Tn khu vc
a im
M dch v Tn dch v
001
Cu lng
Oct - 2007
n gi
4000/gi
9
Qung b
125 Yn Ph
n gi
2500/gi
33
V du: Bi ton
Bng u i theo gi dch v

Mc u i
M dch v
001
Tn dch v
T l u i (%)
T l u i (%)
Cu lng
TH THNH VIN
S B349
H tn thnh vin: Nguyn Vn Hng
a ch:
60 Quan thnh, H ni
Mc u i:
2
Ngy cp:
15/05/2001
Oct - 2007
60%
90%
Khu
PHIU S DNG DCH V
vc
S 305
3
S th
1450
Dch v s dng
Cu lng
Ngy
10/05/2001
t
15 gi 30 pht
n
17 gi 00 pht
34
a. Cch tip cn 1
1.Lit k, chnh xc ho v chn lc thng tin

Tn c chnh xc ca cc
c trng
Vit gn tn c
trng
nh du loi i
mi bc
(1)
(2)
(3)
A.
BNG QUNG CO DCH V

S khu vc
Tn khu vc
i im khu vc
M dch v
Tn dch v
n gi dch v theo khu vc
s KV
Tn KV
a im KV
M DV
Tn DV
Gi DV/KV
X
X
X
X
X
B.
TH THNH VIN
S th thnh vin
H tn thnh vin
a ch thnh vin
Mc u i
Ngy cp th TV
S th TV
Tn TV
a ch TV
Mc u i
Ngy cp th
X
X
X
X
Oct - 2007
X
35
1. Lit k, chnh xc ho v chn

lc thng tin
Tn c chnh xc ca cc
c trng
Vit gn tn c
trng
C. BNG U I GI DCH V
Mc u i
T l u i theo gi dch v
nh du loi
mi bc
(1)
(2)
(3)
Mc
T l gi DV
D.
S phiu SDDV
S th TV
Tn DV
Ngy SDDV
Gi b SDDV
Gi kt SDDV
PHIU S DNG DCH V

s phiu s dng dch v
S th (s dng) thnh vin
Tn dch v (s dng)
Ngy s dng dch v
Gi bt u s dng DV
Gi kt thc s dng DV
Oct - 2007
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
36
2. Xc nh cc thc th,
thuc tnh, v nh danh ca chng
Thuc tnh tn
gi tm c
Thc th tng
ng
Tn khu vc
KHU VC
Tn dch v
DCH V
H tn thnh vin
THNH VIN
S th
TH
U I
Mc u i
Oct - 2007
Thuc tnh
s khu vc
tn khu vc
aim khuvc
m dch v
tn dch v
m thnh vin
h tn TV
a ch TV
s th
mc u i
nh danh
x
x
thm vo
x
x
37
3. Xc nh cc mi quan h v
thuc tnh ca chng
a. Hai ng t tm c l: s dng, cp
Cu hi cho ng t
s dng
Ai s dng?
Tr li l
thc th
thuc tnh
THNH VIN
S dng ci g?
DCH V
S dng u?
KHU VC
S dng bng cch no?
s phiu SDDV
S dng khi no?

Khi no?
Khi no?
Oct - 2007
ngy SDDV
gi b SDDV
gi kt SDDV
38
3.Xc nh cc mi quan h v
thuc tnh ca chng
Cu hi cho ng t
Tr li l
Thc th
Thuc tnh
cp
Cp cho ai?
Cp ci g?
Cp khi no?
THNH VIN
TH
ngycp (th)
b. Xt cc mi quan h ph thuc, s hu
Xt tng cp thc th
Mi quan h
Thuc tnh
gi DV/KV
DCH V
KHU VC
THUC
THNH VIN
U I
U I
DCH V
THEO
Oct - 2007
tl giDV
39
4.V biu v xc nh bn s
ca cc thc th
TnKV
SKV
TH
CP
SthTV
KHU VC
Ngycpth
MTV
NgySDDV
Sphiu
Gi DV/KV
TnTV
C
THUC
S DNG
THNH VIN
ach TV
aimKV
Giktthc
Gibtu
Mcui
U I
Tlui
Oct - 2007
DCH V
THEO
M DV
TnDV
40
5.Chun ha, rt gn biu

TnKV
SKV
KHU VC
NgySDDV
SthTV
Sphiu
Ngycpth
aimKV
Gi DV/KV
TnTV
ach TV
C
THUC
S DNG
THNH VIN
Giktthc
Gibtu
Mcui
U I
Tlui
Oct - 2007
DCH V
THEO
M DV
TnDV
41
b. Cch tip cn 2
1. Biu : Bng qung co dch v

SKV
Tn c chnh xc ca cc
c trng
TnKV
KHU VC
Vit gn tn
c trng
aimKV
BNG QUNG CO DCH V

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
s KV
tn KV
a im KV
m DV
tn DV
S khu vc
Tn khu vc
i im khu vc
M dch v
Tn dch v
6. n gi dch v thuc khu vc
Gi DV/KV
THUC
Gi DV/KV
M DV
DCH V
TnDV
Oct - 2007
42
2. Biu cho: Bng u i gi DV

Tn c chnh xc ca cc
c trng
Vit gn tn c
trng
nh du loi
mi bc
(2)
BNG U I GI DCH V
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mc u i
M dch v
Tn dch v
T l u i theo gi dch v
mc
m DV
tn DV
t l gi DV
M DV
Mcui
THEO
U I
Tlui
Oct - 2007
(3)
DCH V
TnDV
43
3.Biu cho: Phiu s dng D.v

Tn cc c trng
PHIU S DNG DCH
V
1.S khu vc
2.S phiu s dng DV
3.S th thnh vin
4.Tn dch v (s dng)
5.Ngy sdng DV
6.Gi btu sdng DV
7.Gi ktthc sdng DV
Vit gn
c trng
Du loi
bc
(2
s KV
s phiu
s th TV
tn DV
Ngy SDDV
Gi b SDDV
Gi kt SDDV
SthTV
TH
(3
Sphiu
S DNG
SKV
KHU VC
Giktthc
Gibtu
DCH V
M DV
Oct - 2007
NgySDDV
TnDV
44
4.Biu cho: Th thnh vin

Sth
Tn c chnh
xc ca cc c
trng
Vit gn
tn c
trng
B. TH THNH VIN
S th thnh vin
H tn thnh vin
a ch thnh vin
Mc u i
Ngy cp th TV
nh du
loi i
mi bc
(2)
s th TV
tn TV
a ch TV
mc u i
Ngy cp th
TH
Ngycpth
CP
m TV
(3)
THNH VIN
TnTV
ach TV
C
mcui
U I
Oct - 2007
45

6-ERM PTTK Ctruc

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6-ERM PTTK Ctruc

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BI GING

PHN TCH THIT K H

Bi 6-M hnh d liu khi nim

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

M hnh thc th - mi quan h

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

M hnh thc th - mi quan h

M hnh thc th mi quan h l mt biu din th

ERM c Peter Chen xut 1976 v nhiu tc gi

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Mt thc th l mt khi nim ch:

cc i tng ca th gii thc (nhn thy c)

Tn ca thc th: l mt mnh danh t

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Phn bit thc th v bn th

Khung cha d liu

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Thuc tnh (attribute) ca thc th

Thuc tnh ca thc th l cc c trng ca thc th

Thuc tnh tn gi: gi tr cho tn gi 1 bn th

Thuc tnh nh danh: gi tr ca n xc nh duy nht

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Thuc tnh ca thc th

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K php cho thuc tnh thc th

Loi thuc tnh

Thuc tnh ca thc th c gn vi thc th bng

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Biu din mt thc th

d phn bit: tn thc th vit ch in, thuc tnh vit

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Mi quan h l khi nim phn nh mi quan h ng

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Khch Mua Hng

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Cc thuc tnh ca mi quan h

Mi quan h cng c thuc tnh

tm cc thuc tnh ca 1 quan h, ta ch cn tr

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Thc th trong mi quan h

Khi cc thc th ham gia vo 1 mi quan h, nhng

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Bc ca mi quan h l s cc thc th tham gia vo

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bng khng (0)

bng khng (0)

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S ph thuc tn ti: 1 bn th ca thc th khng th

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Cch xc nh bn s ca thc th trong 1 mi quan h:

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Tch thuc tnh a tr (lp) bng mi quan h ph

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Tch cc thuc tnh ph thuc thi gian

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Biu din qui tc nghip v

Qui tc nghip v l nhng th tc, quy nh v

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