8-TkeVatly PTTK Ctruc

BI GING
PHN TCH THIT K H

THNG THNG TIN
Nguyn Vn V - Nguyn Th Nht Thanh
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin, i hc Cng ngh
Bi 8 Thit k h thng vt l
Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh
Khi nim v thit k h thng vt l

Thit k c s d liu vt l
Xy dng biu lung h thng
Thit k kin trc h thng
Thit k cc th tc x l
Thit k tng tc, cc giao din v
bo co
V d
Oct - 2007
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh
Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ngh, 2007.
Nguyn Vn V. Phn tch thi k HTTT. Hng cu trc v hng i
tng. NXB Thng k, 2002.
Nguyn Vn Vy. Phn tch v thit k HTTT qun l. NXB Khoa hc
T nhin v Cng ngh, H ni, 2007.
Nguyn vn Vy, Nguyn Vit H. Gio trnh K ngh phn mm. i
hc Cng ngh, 2006.
Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson. The Unified Modeling
language User Guid. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
Jeffrey A.Hoffer, Joey F.Gorge, Joseph S.Valacich. Modern Systems
Analysis and Design. 2th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.
Sommerville. Software Engineering. 6th Edition, Addison- Wasley,
2001.
Oct - 2007
1. Thit k c s d liu vt l
Thit k CSDL vt l l chuyn m hnh d liu lgic

thnh cc c t d liu vt l ph hp vi iu
kin thit b & mi trng c th trong khng gian
v nhu cu s dng. N bao gm 2 ni dng:
Chn cng ngh lu tr v qun l d liu, bao
gm h iu hnh, h qun tr CSDL v cng c
truy nhp.
Chuyn m hnh lgic thnh thit k vt l v xc
nh phnng n ci t trn h thng thit b
Thit k y tp trung vo ni dung 2.
Oct - 2007
a. u vo cho thit k CSDL vt l

u vo gm:
M hnh d liu lgic (quan h & biu lin kt)
T in d liu (nh ngha thuc tnh)
M t yu cu s dng d liu (loi, s lng, v
tr, thi gian, cch dng)
Mong i ca ngi dng v s dng, tch hp d
liu
M t cng ngh v thit b s dng (nh nu
trn)
Oct - 2007
b. S thit k c s d liu vt l
Cu trc CSDL logic

Yu cu s dng
c tnh h qun tr,
mi trng
CSDL vt l
Oct - 2007
1. Phn tch khi lng

lu tr v s dng d
liu
2. Chin lc phn tn
3. T chc tp
4. Lp ch s
5. Thit k rng buc an
ton
c. Ni dung thit k CSDL vt l

Cc ni dung chnh:
Oct - 2007
Thit k cc trng (cho mi bn ghi)

Thit k bn ghi (cho mi tp)
Thit k tp (cc loi tp)
Thit k c s d liu vt l (t chc tp)
Xy dng phng n b tr tp trong khng gian
c lng khi lng lu tr
d. Thit k trng
Trng l mt n v d liu nh nht m phn mm

h thng nhn ra & thao tc
Mc tiu:
Tit kim khng gian nh (chn kch c, kiu)

Biu din c mi gi tr (kiu, nh dng)
Ci thin tnh ton vn (biu din, th hin)
H tr thao tc (kiu, nh dng, th hin)
Mt thuc tnh trong m hnh d liu logic c th c

biu din thnh 1 hay 1 s trng
Oct - 2007
c t trng
d1. Vi c t tiu biu mt trng

t
Loai c t
M t ni dung
Tn trng
Theo quy nh ca h qun tr CSDL
Kiu trng
Mt kiu c s dng trong h qun tr CSDL
Kch c (size)
n v o biu din gi tr ca trng
M ho (coding)
Mt cch c th biu din vn tt gi tr ca trng
Quy tc ton vn DL c t v gii hn t ln cc gi tr trng

Cc kim sot bo tr Gi tr c php thay i khi n c cp nht.
Th tc ca DL mt
M t vic qun l gi tr mt ca trng
Cng thc (formula)
M t cng thc tnh ton gi tr trng cn tnh ton
Hng s kim tra
c t quan h ton hc vi cc trng ch/ s khc.
Ton vn tham chiu
c t gi tr trng lin quan n trong bn ghi khc
S hu (ownership)
M t ngi c quyn truy nhp, cp nht
Oct - 2007
d2. Mt s c trng thit k trng

Kiu d liu v nh dng (h qun tr cung cp):

DECIMAL(m,n)
INTEGER
SMALLINT
FLOAT (m, n)
CHAR (m)
DATE
LOGICAL
OLE
Biu din d liu:

Chn kho chnh
M ho d liu
- M ho phn cp
- M ho lin tc
- M gi nh
- M thnh phn ng ngha
Cc trng tnh ton
Oct - 2007
Kim tra tnh ton vn d liu

- t gi tr ngm nh
- Kim tra khun dng
- Kim tra gii hn
- Ton vn tham chiu
- Kim tra gi tr rng
- Qun l d liu mt
10
e. Thit k bn ghi vt l
Mt bn ghi vt l l 1 nhm cc trng c
lu tr v tr k nhau trong b nh v c gi ra
ng thi nh 1 n v thng nht
Phi chun ho: Tch/hp nht cc quan h
chun ha c quan h ph hp vi iu kin c

th, t hiu qu mong mun:
di trang my
Nhu cu s truy cp thng xuyn/khng
Bn ghi di thay i

Oct - 2007
11
e1. V d phi chun

Hp nht hai quan h mt-mt gim s tp

SINHVIEN (msv, achi, smy)
MAYTINH (smy, ngyTH, cngvic)
SINHVIEN (masv, diachi,

ngayTH, congviec)
Tch quan h chun thnh 2 quan h c di bn

ghi ph hp di trang my
BNHNHN (mbn,tnbn,ach, ngaynhp,ging,khoa,tnhtrng, ngayra, th.ton)
BNHNHN1 (mbn, tnbn, ach, khoa )

BNHNHN2 (mbn,ngynhp,ging,tnhtrng, ngayra, th.ton)
Oct - 2007
12
f. Thit k tp vt l
Mt tp vt l l mt phn nh ca b nh th cp lu
cc bn ghi vt l mt cch c lp
Cc loi tp:
Tp d liu
Tp ly d liu
Tp giao dch
Tp lm vic
Tp bo v, sao lu
Tp lch s
Con tr
Phng php truy nhp
Phng php trc tip

Phng php gin tip
Oct - 2007
13
f. Thit k tp vt l
T chc tp
T chc tp tun t
T chc tp ch s
Yu t cn quan tm khi thit k
Oct - 2007
Ly d liu nhanh
Thng lng cc giao dch x l ln
S dng hiu qu khng gian nh
Trnh c sai st v mt d liu
Ti u ho nhu cu t chc tp
p ng c nhu cu tng trng d liu
An ton
14
g. V d 1 thit k tp vt l
Vi h qun tr CSDL l Access, mt tp d liu c thit

k vi cc cu trc sau
Table: PHIEUGIAO
Tn trng kiu DL kch c DL Khun dng
Rng buc
Ch hoa + s kho chnh
so_phieu
text
6
Ch hoa + s kho ngoi
ma_khach
text
6
ngay_giao
date
8
dd/mm/yy
noi_giao
text
45
t ch s
S nguyn
tong_tien
Integer
9
Oct - 2007
15
2. Thit lp biu lung h thng

u vo: Cc biu lung d liu lgic mc c s

Mc tiu: Xc nh chc nng h thng thc hin
Ni dung:
Xt tng biu lung d liu logic mc c s
Phn nh tin trnh: my lm hay ngi lm
Nu my thc hin cn xc nh:
z
z
z
z
Phng thc x l (theo l, thi gian thc, trc tuyn,..)

i tng thc hin, phng tin, cng c s dng
Ni dung x l (thut ton, cng thc)
Khi no thc hin
V ghi li cc tng thit k ny

Oct - 2007
16
2.1 V d biu lung h thng

khch
khng gi
tt s c
cn gi
3.1
kim tra
cc s
t.t. s c
bo v
4.PHIEUCHI
2.XEGUI
3.4
lp phiu chi
3.BIENBAN
phiu chi
3.2
sai
kim tra hin
trng
ng
khch
tt s
c
3.3
lp bin
bn
bo v
bin bn
k toan, my in
My lm
Oct - 2007
17
3. Thit k kin trc

a. Khi nim
Kin trc phn mm m ch mt cu trc tng th ca

phn mm v qua cung cp mt s tch hp v mt
khi nim ca mt h thng. (Shaw, Garlan 1995 )
M hnh kin trc ca h thng c xc nh t cc
thnh phn cu thnh ca cc biu lung d liu
lgic mc cao (khng phi c s)
Mc cui cng ca n s c b sung bng cc tin
trnh ca biu lung h thng (cc tin trnh my
lm)
Oct - 2007
18
b. V d biu m hnh kin trc

Mun nh
tng
ng vi
biu
lung DL
mc 0, 1
tng
ng vi
cc tin
trnh
lung h
thng
:Cc m un my thc hin trong biu lung h thng

Oct - 2007
19
c. Thit k kin trc mc thp

mc thp, thit k kin trc lin quan n vic cu

trc biu lung h thng thnh cu trc cy.
C 2 dng cu trc l tp trung giao dch v tp
trung chuyn i. Vi mi loi c 1 cch x l
Hnh di cho 1 biu lung h thng dng tp
trung chuyn i
tc nhn 1
tc nhn 2
Oct - 2007
Nhn A
A ng
B ng
To C
In bo
co C
tc
nhn 3
Nhn B
20
c. Thit k kin trc mc thp

nh
VA
VA
VB
VB
nhn A ng
nhn B ng
tc
nhn 1
tc
nhn 2
to C
a C ra
(k hiu: VA: A ng,

VB: B ng)
tc
nhn 3
Biu cu trc iu khin hnh cy

nhn c t biu lung h thng
Oct - 2007
21
d. Cht lng thit k

Tiu chun ca mt thit k tt

Kt dnh cht ch
Ghp ni lng lo
S kt dnh (Cohesion) l o s kt li vi nhau
gia cc b phn trong mt thnh phn.
Cc loi kt dnh c mc tt (cht ch) tng dn:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Oct - 2007
Kt dnh gom gp
Kt dnh hi hp logic
Kt dnh theo thi im
Kt dnh th tc
5.
6.
7.
8.
Kt dnh truyn thng

Kt dnh tun t
Kt dnh chc nng
Kt dnh i tng
22
d. Cht lng thit k

S ghp ni (Coupling) ch ra mc tng tc bn

trong gia cc n v thnh phn ca mt chng
trnh
Cc loi ghp ni c mc tt (lng lo) gim dn:
1. Ghp ni d liu
2. Ghp ni nhn
3. Ghp ni iu khin
4. Ghp ni chung
5. Ghp ni ni dung
Oct - 2007
23
e. Nguyn l & Hng dn cho

thit k tt
Cc nguyn tc thit k
Mun ho
Kim sot chc nng
c lp tng i
Kch thc hp l
Mi mun ch thc
hin 1 v ch 1 chc
nng
Mt mun c th s
dng li nhiu ln
Oct - 2007
Hng dn thit k
Chia thnh cc nhn t

M rng kim tra
m bo ghp ni lng
Chn kch c hp l
m bo kt dnh cht
To cc mun s dng
chung, s dng li
24
f. Thit k x l cng c
Modul name: Calichulate New Balance
Receives: Curunt-balance, New charges,
Anount-paid, EOF
Returns: New-balance, Status
Set new-balance, New charges, Amount-paid,
EOP
Repeat
New-balance = Current-balance + new charges Amount-paid
Begin if
If New-balance <0
Then Status = 1
Else
BeginIf
If new-balance =0
Then Status =2
Else Status =3
EndIf
EndIf
Return New-balance, Status
Until EOF = Yes
25
Thit k m un x l l
biu din thit k sao cho
d dng nh x sang 1
ngn ng lp trnh.
Mt s cng c c s
dng nh: Gi m
(Pseudocode), s
Nassi-Shneiderman, biu
hot ng
Bng bn l 1 v d v
thit k bng gi m.
Oct - 2007
f1. V d s Nassi-Shneiderman
Set New-balance
Set status to 0
Read Current-balance, New charges, Amount-paid, EOF
New-balance = Current-balance + New-changes Amount-paid
New-balance <0
Yes
No
New-balance=0
Status=1
Yes
Status=2
No
Status=3
Return New-balance, Status

Until EOF = Yes
Oct - 2007
26
5. Thit k h thng tng tc

v giao din
H thng tng tc thit k l m hnh h thng thc

n vi cc giao din khc nhau, qua ngi dng
s dng h thng bng vic la chn thc n v
thc hin tng tc vi cc giao din
Qu trnh thit k bao gm:
Thit k h thng tng tc (thc n)
Thit k cc giao din
Thit k cc bo co gn vi giao din
Oct - 2007
27
a. Tin trnh xc inh h thng

tng tc
M hnh
thc th
mi quan
h
Xc nh cc
giao din
nhp liu
Cc biu
lung
h thng
Xc nh cc
giao din x
l
Kin trc
h thng
mc cao
Oct - 2007
Tch hp
cc giao
Xy dng
h thng
tng tc
H thng
thc n
tng tc
28
b. Xc inh cc giao din nhp liu

u vo: M hnh thc th mi quan h

Cch tin hnh:
Mi thc th xc nh 1 giao din nhp liu

Mi quan h bc ln hn 2, bc 2 lin kt m:m hay
c thuc tnh xc nh 1 giao din
Phc ha giao din nhp liu tng ng vi giao
din c xc nh
Kt qu: Tp cc giao din nhp liu
Oct - 2007
29
b1. V d cc giao din nhp liu

s v
Cc giao din nhp liu:
V
ngy vo
GHI
gi vo
XE
s xe
i tng Giao din

V
Nhp v
s v
XE
Nhp xe
s xe
GHI
Ghi v
ERM
Oct - 2007
Thuc tnh
s v, s xe
ngyvo,
givo
30
c. Xc nh cc giao din x l
u vo: Cc biu lung h thng

Cch tin hnh:
Mi tin trnh my thc hin xc nh 1 x l

Nhm cc tin trnh x l khng c lung d liu t
bn ngoi vo vi cc giao din c lung d liu
n n hay t n n xc nh mt giao din x
l cho nhm cc tin trnh ny.
Phc ha giao din nhn c
Kt qu: Tp cc giao din x l (ni chung bng

hoc nh hn s cc tin trnh h thng)
Oct - 2007
31
c1. Xc nh cc giao din x l

Cc giao din x l:
khch
1.kim tra cc s
Tin trnh 3.1
tt s c
Biu lung h thng
3.1
kim tra
khng gi
cc s
2.lp bin bn
Tin trnh 3.3
cn gi
3.2
kim tra
hin
trng
t.t. s c
ng
2.XEGUI
tt s
c
sai
khch
4.PHIEUCHI
3.lp phiu chi
3.BIENBAN
Tin trnh 3.4

3.4
Lp phiu
chi
3.3
Lp bin Bin bn
bn
Phiu chi
my lm
Oct - 2007
32
d. Tch hp cc giao din nhn c

u vo: Cc giao din nhp liu v x l

Cch tin hnh:
Loi i cc giao din trng lp

Hp nht 1 s giao din c cc thao tc tng tc
lin quan cht ch vi nhau (cng s dng ngun
d liu, x l lin tc, s dng kt qu ca nhau,..)
thnh mt giao din.
Phc ha giao din nhn c
Kt qu: Tp cc giao din tch hp

Oct - 2007
33
e. Xy dng h thc n tng tc

u vo: Cc giao din tch hp, kin trc h thng, tin trnh
nghip v v yu cu s dng
Cch tin hnh: t di ln

Gn cc giao din tch hp vo cc m un thp nht ca cy
kin trc mt cch thch hp
iu chnh li cu trc giao din gn vo kin trc mc thp
nht sao cho hp l
Thay cc m un kin trc mc cao bng cc giao din lin
kt lin kt cc giao din mc di nhn c
V biu lin kt v phc ha giao din lin kt
Kt qu: H thng giao din tng tc v phc ha

cc giao din thuc n
Oct - 2007
34
e1. V du v 1 h thng tng tc

Truy nhp h
thng
Thc n lin kt
0
Thc n
chnh
1
1 nhn xe
0
3.1
kim
xe
3 trongtra
s
3
2
tr xe
0
3.2
lp bin
4
bn
3
3
gii quyt
s c
0
3.3
lp phiu
5 bi thng
3
4
bo co v
nhp liu
0
4.1
lp bo
6
co
0,4
4.2
nhp loi xe,
7 n gia
0,4
Oct - 2007
35
f. Tin trnh thit k giao din

Thit lp cc mc tiu v cho nhim v

nh x thnh dy cc hnh ng xc nh
Xc nh kt qu khi hnh ng c thc hin
Ch ra trng thi h thng
Xc nh cc c ch iu khin
Ch ra cch c ch iu khin ny nh hng n
trng thi h thng
Ch ra cch ngi dng din gii trng thi ca h
thng t thng tin c cp qua giao din
Oct - 2007
36
g. c t thit k giao din

Tng quan
Tn giao din/i thoi

c trng ngi s dng (ai s dng)
c trng ca nhim v (mc ch)
c trng ca h thng (cc phn mm h thng)
c trng ca mi trng (tng tc vi h ngoi no)
Mu thit k giao din/ i thoi
Mu thit k giao din/ i thoi

Biu trnh t i thoi v m t thao tc s dng
Cc bng d liu lin quan
Qui trnh, cng thc x l thc hin
nh dng kt qu
Kim th v nh gi tnh kh dng (kim th mc tiu,

kim th th tc, kim th kt qu)
Oct - 2007
37
h. Thit k biu mu v bo co
Cu trc
u biu
Cc thng tin v trnh t v theo thi gian
Cu trc v nh dng thng tin
Phn chi tit ca biu mu
Phn tng hp d liu
Xc nhn
Bnh lun
Oct - 2007
38
i. Cc dng tng tc ngi - my

c bn
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Dng hi p
Dng thc n
Dng biu tng
Dng biu mu
Dng ngn ng lnh
Tng tc bng ngn
ng t nhin
Oct - 2007
39
j. Hng dn phng php

tng tc
Cu trc v kim sot d liu nhp
Khng yu cu thng tin c

Cung cp gi tr ngm nh
Mn hnh nh dng thch hp
Cung cp thng tin phn hi
Thng tin trng thi

Con tr mn hnh
Thng bo li hoc cnh bo
Cung cp tr gip ti a
T ng cn chnh d liu vo
Cung cp s tr gip theo khung cnh, a dng
Oct - 2007
40
k. Yu cu thit k cc i thoi
Cc yu cu thit k:
Tnh nht qun

Phm nng v trnh t
Phn hi
Tnh ng n
Qun l c li
D phc hi
D kim sot
D thc hin
Oct - 2007
1. Thit k trnh t i thoi

2. Xy dng mt mu
3. nh gi tnh kh dng
ca mu
41

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BI GING

PHN TCH THIT K H

Khi nim v thit k h thng vt l

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Vn Vy. Gio trnh phn tch thit k HTTT. i hc Cng

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Thit k CSDL vt l l chuyn m hnh d liu lgic

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

a. u vo cho thit k CSDL vt l

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Cu trc CSDL logic

1. Phn tch khi lng

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

c. Ni dung thit k CSDL vt l

Thit k cc trng (cho mi bn ghi)

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Trng l mt n v d liu nh nht m phn mm

Tit kim khng gian nh (chn kch c, kiu)

Mt thuc tnh trong m hnh d liu logic c th c

d1. Vi c t tiu biu mt trng

Nguyn Vn V Nguyn th Nht Thanh

Theo quy nh ca h qun tr CSDL

Mt kiu c s dng trong h qun tr CSDL

n v o biu din gi tr ca trng

Mt cch c th biu din vn tt gi tr ca trng

Quy tc ton vn DL c t v gii hn t ln cc gi tr trng

M t vic qun l gi tr mt ca trng

Cng thc (formula)

M t cng thc tnh ton gi tr trng cn tnh ton

Hng s kim tra

c t quan h ton hc vi cc trng ch/ s khc.

Ton vn tham chiu

c t gi tr trng lin quan n trong bn ghi khc

M t ngi c quyn truy nhp, cp nht

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

d2. Mt s c trng thit k trng

Kiu d liu v nh dng (h qun tr cung cp):

Biu din d liu:

Kim tra tnh ton vn d liu

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Mt bn ghi vt l l 1 nhm cc trng c

Phi chun ho: Tch/hp nht cc quan h

chun ha c quan h ph hp vi iu kin c

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

e1. V d phi chun

Hp nht hai quan h mt-mt gim s tp

SINHVIEN (masv, diachi,

Tch quan h chun thnh 2 quan h c di bn

BNHNHN1 (mbn, tnbn, ach, khoa )

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Phng php trc tip

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

Yu t cn quan tm khi thit k

Vi h qun tr CSDL l Access, mt tp d liu c thit

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

2. Thit lp biu lung h thng

u vo: Cc biu lung d liu lgic mc c s

Phng thc x l (theo l, thi gian thc, trc tuyn,..)

V ghi li cc tng thit k ny

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

2.1 V d biu lung h thng

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Cng ngh

3. Thit k kin trc