:

.31 3 .

) ( q > 0 2 4 .

E
)=0
t

E
t

0
0
Ein
Eout
= + E 0gen

( E 0gen = 0 :
1 T
T C1
=
r
=0
r r r
r
r

) ( E ) (
0
in

0
C1 > 0 ) E out

0
Ein
E 0out = 0 2 T = 0

( C1 = 0 ) ( C1 > 0

) ( C1 = 0
T

= 0

.32 3 .

) ( Tw = cte:
hP
Px
Tme Tmi
x = 1 exp
= 1 exp
h
m
m
& Cp
& Cp
T Tmi

P C P h &
m .

1394

Px
exp h
h

mC
& p

) ( Tme Tmi Tme .

:
q

Px
mC
& p

1 exp

& C P T = m
&
q=m
) Tm Tw
{ CP (14
243

.33 2 .

.
.34 3 .

) (

.35 4 .
:
h

( 20 )0.25

hD

1
k
N

= h D,N

h N,D N .

.36 4 .
:
1
1
=
=h
1
RtA
A
hA

=U

h.
.

>h

>h

) (U .

.37 4 .

>

) ( 4A 4
=

P

>

>

= D h

:
d o = 25 cm , di = 20cm .
:
d O = 10cm , d i = 8cm

) = 30 cm

.38 2 .

) (10

10

) ( A1 = A 2 = A ) : ( F12 = F21

)( ( 20

4
Di2 d o2
D2 d o2
4
= Dh
= i
=
do
do

1 2 1 0.1 9
=
=
2 A 0.1A A
1 1 9 11
= + +
A A A A

= R t1

1 1 1 0.5 1
=
=
1A 0.5A A

T T14 T24
=
R t1 1 + 1 + 9
A A A

= q1

: :
1
q1 R t 2 = 20R t1
20

= q2

1 1
1 3 1 9
11
+ + 2
+ + = 20
A A
A
3 A A A

1
A 1 3

= = 104 3
= 0.009
3
105

R t 2 = 20R t1

.39 1 .
:

Tf1 Ts1 = Tf 2 Ts 2

q = h PL Tf1 Ts1 = h PL Tf 2 Ts2

15 70 = Tf 2 80 Tf 2 = 25 o C

:
q PL
mo CP
KW

.40 .

m2

= 200

j
2

m s

Tf 2 = Tf1 +

q = 200000

q ( PL ) = mo C P Tf 2 Tf1
) q ( DL
1 4000

25 = 15 +

hD
2 0.05
W
==2 h
=5
2
K
m2 K
100
2
5
h Dc
600 = 0.0003 < 0.1
= Bi
=
K
50
= Nu

2
100
7200 1000
C P Lc
6 = 4800
=,
=
h
5

% 95 :

T T
=e
Ti T

1394
) , T T = 0.95 ( Ti T

:
t

4800

T T
=e
Ti T
t

Ln

0.95 = e 4800
ln 0.95 = 0.05 =
t = 4.1

.41 1 .
qt
qt
=
, A t = A b + nA f = 2 + 10 = 12 m 2
) q max h A t ( Tb T
4000
2
=
=
(10 )(12 )( 50 ) 3

0 =

0 =

) ( f :
nA f
2
10
(1 f ) = 1 (1 f ) f = 0.6
At
3
12

0 = 1

% 60 .
.42 1 .

x 0 = 0 .
H
Pr < 0.01 Pr1.2
t

.43 2 .

) ( q = cte:

T
q
T
q = = K
x
A
x

q = KA

T
T
T
T
= kB
,
=5
x A
x B
x A
x B

k 0 (1 + T )A 1
kA 1
1 + 80 1
=

kB 5
k 0 (1 + T )B 5
1 + 40 5

kA

) = 0.011 K = K 0 (1 0.011T

K C = 35 35 = K 0 (1 0.011 ( 20 ) ) K 0 45
K = 45 (1 0.011T ) = 45 0.495T = 45 0.5 T

.44 4 .

) TA ( T = 200 oC K .
TA K .
.45 2 .

) ( :
1
kA
=
mL
L2 hP

= f