Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • The Building Regulations 1991 - Drainage and Waste Disposal Approved Document

    Uploaded by

    TauseefHussainRezavi
    8 views29 pages
    Regarding building regulations.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Regarding building regulations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views29 pages

    The Building Regulations 1991 - Drainage and Waste Disposal Approved Document

    Uploaded by

    TauseefHussainRezavi
    Regarding building regulations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 29
    Y SwyppFa GYMREIG J DETR WELSH OFFICE aM Envinonmenr y Taanseont ReGions The Building Regulations 1991 Drainage and waste disposal APPROVED DOCUMENT Sanitary pipework and drainage fetter yellow ULC) Rainwater drainage Solid waste storage The Stationery Office PART H Drainage and waste disposal APPROVED DOCUMENTS ‘The documents in this publication have been approved by the Secretary of State as practical guidance to meeting the requirements of Part H of Schedule 1 to the Regulations. Tho detailed provisions in the approved documentare intended to provide guidance for ‘some of the more common bullding situations. Alternative ways of demonstrating compliance may be appropriate in other circumstances. There is no obligation to adopt eny particular solution in the document if you prefer to meet the relavant requirement in some other way. If a. contravention of a requirement is alleged then, if you have followed the guidance in the document, that will be evidence tending to show that you have complied with he Requiatons: I you have not followed the guidance then that will be evidence tending to show that you have not complied. It will hen be for you to demonstrate by other means that you have satisfied the requirement. Other requirements The guidance relates only to the requirements given at the start of each document. The building Work will have to comply also with the Tequirements of any other relevant paragraphs in Schedule 1 tothe Regulations. There are Approved Documents which give guidance on the other requirements in Schedule 1 Materials and Workmanship Any building work to which a requirement of the regulations applies must, in accordance with Regulation 7, be carried out with proper materials and in a workmanlike manner. You may show that you have complied with this requirement in a number of ways, for example by folowing an appropriate British Standard of Briish Board of Agrement Certticate or by the appropriate use of a product bearing a CE mark as defined in the Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). You will find further guidance in the Approved Documenton Materials and Workmanship. European technical specifications, British Standards and British Board of Agrément Certificates When a document makes reference to a named ‘Standard, the relevant version of the Standard is the one listed at the endof the publication. Building Regulations are made for specific purposes; health and safety, energy ‘coniservation and the welfare and convenience of disabled people. European Technical Spectfications (as defined in the Construction Products Directive), Britsh Standards and ‘Agrémont Certificates are relevant guidance to the extent that they relate tothese considerations. The Specifications, Standards and Certiicates themselves may address, also, other aspects of performance such as serviceability or aspects which although they relate to health and safely are not covered by the regulations. The Secretary of State has agreed with the British Board of pe ‘on the aspects of performance which they need to assess in preparing ther Certfcates in oor tha the ard may demonstrate the compliance of a product or system, which has an Agrement Certiicate, with the requirements of the regulations. An Agrément Certificate issued by the Board under theso arrangements will give assurance that a product or system to which the Certificate relates, if property used in accordance with the terms of the Certificate, will meet the relevant requirements. Similarly, the ‘appropriate uso of a product which complies with European technical approval as detined inthe Construction Products Directive will also meet the relevant requirements. Approved documents Page H1 Foul waterdrainage 2 H2 Cesspools and tanks 16 H3 Rainwater drainage 19 H4 Solid waste storage 23 FOUL WATER DRAINAGE H1 Building Regulations — the Requirement This Approved Document which takes effect on 1st Apri 1990, deals with the following fremont fom Pall of Schedule 1 tothe Buiding Regulations 1991: Contents once mace Performance 3 Section2 Foul drainage 8 Introduction to provisions 8 Lay yt 8 pe cover 8 Section! 3 (Pet eahiets el izes 8 nitary pipewor fatelals fr pipes and joining 9 Traps 3 Bedding and Basking 9 Branch discharge pipes 3 Clearance of blockage 10 Discharge stacks 8 Watertightness 12 Materials for pipes, fitings and joints 7 Alternative epproacn 2 Airighiness 7 Appendix ‘Atterative approach 7 Aaational guidance for large buildings 13 Drainage and waste disposal ‘Approved Decurrent 2 H1 Guidance PERFORMANCE In the Secretary of State's view the requirement of H1 will be met if a foul water drainage system (2)_ conveys the flow of foul water to a foul water Outfal (a foul or combined sewer, a cesspool, septic tank or settlement tank), (b)_ minimises the risk of blockage or leakage, (©) prevents fou ir trom the drainage system from entering the building under working conditions, (d) is ventilated, and (©) is accessible for clearing blockages. Introduction to provisions 0.1 The capacity of the system should be large enough to carry the expected flow al any point. 0.2 The capacity depends on the size and gradient of the pipes. Minimum sizes and Gradient limits are given in the text 0.3 The flow depends on the type, number and grouping of appliances. 0.4 Appliances are seldom in use simultaneously and the minimum stack and drain sizes in normal use are capable of carrying the flow from quite large numbers of appliances. Table 1 shows approximate flow rates resulting {yom the typical Household group of | we, 1 bath, 1 or 2 washbasins and 1 sink used for design purposes in BS 5572. Number of dwell 1 . 5 35 10 44 16 48 20 51 25 54 30 58 PIPE SIZES 05 The pipe sizes quoted in this document are nominal sizes used as a numerical cesignation inconvenient round numbers approximately ‘equal to a manufacturer's size. Equivalent pipe sizes for individual pipe standards will be found in BS 5572 for sanitary pipework and BS 8301 for building drainage. Provisions meeting the requirement Section 1 Sanitary Pipework TRAPS 4,4 Al points of discharge into the system should be fitted with a water seal (trap) to raven ful ar from the system ontating the uilding. Under working and test conditions traps should retain a minimum seal of 25mm. 1.2 Table 2 gives minimum trap sizes and seal depths for the appliances which are most used er other appliances see Appendix paragraph 1.3 Ventilation — To prevent the water seal from being broken by the pressures which can develop in the system the branch discharge ipes should be designed as described in paragraphs 1.5 to 1.21 1.4 Access for clearing blockages ~ Ifa trap forms part of an appliance the appliance should be removable. all other traps should be fitted directly after the appliance and should be removable or be with acleaning eye. Diameter of trap Depth of seal Aeeliones) ion) tom... ‘washbasin bidet 2 7 sink bath” shower 0 75 {ood waste disposal unit utina bow! {sphoric ort) we pan 6 50 “Where these appliances are installed on a ground floor and discharge o a guily, he depth of seal may be reduced ‘o notless than 38mm. BRANCH DISCHARGE PIPES 45. Branch pipes should discharge into another, branch pipe or a discharge stack unless the appliances are on the ground tloor. Approved Document Drainage and waste dispo: H1 Foutwater drainage paratel Tuncton B_ Angled connection or 50mm diameter parallel juncton where a waste branch key directly opposite @ we would enter the ‘A small simiar sized connections nat stack within 200mm below the we ‘exceadng 65mm and directy opposite Grain ‘connection centrline: ‘should be ofset at least Gradient limits {fall per metre) Max number Max length Min size to be of branch, of pipe min max Appliance connected oR (m) (mm) (um) (um) wes 8 15 100 8 to 20 winal 5 . 50 18 0 90 7 2 6 18 to 90 washbasins 4 4 (ro bends) 50 18 to 45 Note “No limitation as regards venting but should be as stort as possible. 1.6 if the appliances are on the ground floor the Pipe(s) may discharge toa stubstackor discharge stack, directly to a drain, or (ifthe pipe carries only waste water) toa gully. (See paragraphs 1.9 and 1.26.) 1.7 A branch pipe should not discharge into a ' stack in a way which could cause crossflow into ecoumiet ene) any other branch pipe. (See Diagram 1.) 1.8 A branch discharge pipe should not sanines discharge into a stack lower than 450mm above the invert of the tail of the bend at the foot of the stack in single dwellings of up to 3 storeys. (Sea Diagram 1.) (For multi storey buildings see invert of drain Appendix paragraphs A3 and A4.) 1,9 A branch pipe trom a ground tloor closot should only discharge dec to a drain ifthe drop is less than 1.5 m (see Diagram 2). Drainage and waste disposal ‘Approved Decument 4 Foul water drainage H1 | 3m max. for 40mm pipe. ‘4m max, for 80mm ppe slope between 18 to 20mm/m 41,7m max. for 22mm pi sim max for 40mm pipe lope (see graph) sink (Up 3m max. for 40mm pipe ‘am max. for Somm pipe Pe ‘lope between 18 to €omm/m bath Y= $$] (8) Unvented branch connections to stacks we 1U) washbasin 6m, max. for single we. Slope @mmim min, Nowe + Where the lerger branch pipe sizes are used the diameter of the ‘rap is not increased bul the tal fof tie trap should be 50mm long before Increasing the diameter. 40mm washbasin waste pipes may slope between 18mm to 45rem/m. 1.10 Branch pipes from more than one ground foorappliance may discharge nto a stub siack. (ee paragraph 1.26.) 4.11 A branch pipe discharging to a guily should terminate between the grating or sealing plate and the top of the water seal. 1.42 Sizes of branch pipes — Pipos serving a single appliance should have at least the same diameter as the appliance trap (see Table 2). ta pipe serves more than one appiiance and is Unventilated the diameter should be at least the size shown in Table3. 1.13 Bendsin branch pipes should be avoided it possible. Where they cannot thay should have as large a radius as possible. Ppes of 65mm or less should have a centre line radius of at least 75mm. 1.14 Junctions on branch pipes should be made with a sweep of 25mm radius or at 45°. ‘Connection of branch pipes of 75mm diameter or more to the stack should be made with a sweep of 50mm minimum radius or at 45°. 10 1 — 1 B12 © 8 8 oo = E 2 20 5 05 075 10 125 15 175 length of branch tm} (©) Dosign curve for 32mm washbasin waste pipes 1.15 Ventilation of branch pipes — Separate ventilation will not be needed to prevent the water sealsin traps from being ost yy preseures which can dovolop in the systom if the length and slope of the branch discharge pipes donot exceed those shown in Diagram 3. 1.16 If the figures are exceeded the branch pipe should be ventilated by a branch ventilating pipo to external air, to a discharge stack (modified single stack system) or to a ventilating stack (ventilated system), 4.17 A separate ventilating stack is only likely to be preferred where the numbers of ventilating pipes and tne istance to a clecharge staok are large. (See Appendix paragraphs Ab to AB.) 1.18 Branch ventilating pipes — should be connected to the Gischerge, pipe within 300mm, of the trap and should not connect to the stack below the “spillover” level of the highest appliance served (see Diagram 4). The ventilation pipe should have a continuous incline from the discharge pipe to the point of connection to the stack, Approved Document Drainage and waste disposal 5 1 Fout water drainage Inver of connection above spillover level spilover level 1.19. Branch ventilation pipes which run direct to cutside air should finish at least 900mm above ‘any opering into the building nearer than 3m (soe Diagram 6 and paragraph 7.27). 1120, Branch venting pipes to branch pipes serving ene applance shoul be a least 25mm ameter or where the branch is longer than 15m cn more than 5 bends, should be at least mmm, 121 Roding points shoud be providedto ve access to any lengths of discharge ppes which cannot be reached by removing traps or appliances with integral traps (See paragraph 1.4), DISCHARGE STACKS 1.22 All stacks should discharge to a drain. The bbenc at the foot of the stack should have as large @ radius as possible and at least 200mm at the centre line. 4.23 Offsels in the ‘wet portion of a dischar slack should be avoided. I they are unavoidable then in a building of not more than 3 storeys there shoud be no branch connection within 730mm ct the offset. In a building over 3 storeys a ventilation stack may be neaded with connections above and below the offset. In buildings over 3 storeys eae stacks should be located inside the Hl 1.24 Sizes of stacks — Stacks should have at least the diameter shown in Table 4 and should not reduce in the direction of flow. Stacks serving urinals should be not less than sOmm, slacks serving siphonic closets not less than 75mm and stacks serving washdown ciose's rot less than 100mm. 1.25 Ventilation of discharge stacks — To prevent water seals in the traps from being lost by pressures which can develop in the system, discharge stacks should be ventilated. Dscharge stacks connected to drains liable to surcharging or near an intercepting trap require ventilation pipes of not ees than sOrm claret cerneciod eae base of the stack above the likaly flood level Note + No wes ‘Not more than 1 siphonic we wit 75mm outlet te; [LIT 7. LS an | i sn mae vertates oan ‘Act maxmmum for Sage coptence CB Sm masimu for en soup otappences, ager persed et seommn ii —y pening into | the building | less than |) { 3m) | a ener 1.26 Stub stacks — An unventilaied stub stack may be used if it connects above ground into a ventilated dischargo stack or into adrain not subject to surcharging and no branch into the stub stack is more than 2m above the invert of the connection or drain andino branch serving a closet is more than 1.5m from the crown of the Drainage and waste disposal 8 Approved Document closettrap to the invert of the connection or drain (see Diagram). The length of branch drain trom an.unventiated stub stack should not be more than 6m where a single appliance is connected and 12m where a group of appliances is gemneced. (See also Fabio 10 and paragraph 1.27 Ventilating pipes open to outside air should finish at least 960mm above any opening into the building within 3m and should be finished with a ‘or other perforated cover which does not restrict the flow of air (see Diagram 6).. 1.28 Sizes of stack ventilation pipes —The size of the part of a discharge stack which serves only for ventilation (the dry part above the highest branch) may be reduced in one and two storey houses, but should be at least 75mm. 1.29 Discharge stacks may terminate inside a building when fitted with air admittance valves. ‘Where these valves are used they should not affect the amount of ventilation necessary for the below ground system which is normally provides by the open stacks ofthe sanitary pipework. Only an air admittance valve hich is the subject of a current British Board of Agrément Certificate should be used and the conditions of use should be in accordance with the terms of the Certificate. 1.30 Access for clearing blockages. Rodding points should be provided to give access to any lengths of pipe which cannot be reached from any other part of the system. All pipes should be reasonably accessible for repair. MATERIALS FOR PIPES, FITTINGS AND JOINTS 1.31. Any of the materials shown in Table 5 may be used (the references are to Britsh Standard Specifications). Where necessary ifterent metals. should be separated by non-metallic material 10 event onoayc corrosion. Pipes should be irmly supported without restricting thermal movement Attention is also drawn to the requirement of Part B of Schedule 1 to the Bulcing eguatons 1940 and guidance inthe Approved 3t rolating to penetration of fre ‘separating elements and fre stopping provisions. Foul water drainage H1 Material British Standard Pipes ceastiron BS 416, BS 6087 ‘copper BS 864, BS 2871 gavanised stee! BS 3868, uPVC BS 4514 oyprepylene BS 5254 plastics BS 5255, ABS MUPVC polyethylene polypropylene Traps copper Bs 1184 pastes 85 3943 Note ‘Some of these materials may not be suitable for conveying trade effluent. AIRTIGHTNESS 1.32, The pipes, tings and joins should be capable ing an air or smoxe test of sitive pressure of atleast 38mm water gauge at least 8 minutes. Every trap should maintain a water seal of at least 25mm. Smoke testing is not recommended for uPVC pipes. Alternative approach 4.33 The requirement can also be met by following the relevant recommendations of BS 5572: 1978 Code of practice forsanitary pipework, Clauses 3, 4 and 7 to 12 are relevant. ‘Approved Document Drainage and waste disposal 7 H1 Foulwater drainage Section 2 Foul Drainage 2.1 Some public sewers may carry foul water and rainwater inthe same pipe (see Approved Document H3 Rainwater drainage paragraph 21). {f the drainage system is also to carry rainwater to such a sewer the following provisions stil apply but the pipe sizes may need to be increased to carry the combined flows (see paragraph 2.13 of this document). Combins ‘systems should not discharge to a cesspool or septic tank, 2.2 Where gravity connection to the seweris impracticable, sewage liting equipment wil be needed. Guidance on sewage lifting installations is contained in BS 8301 Code of practice for building drainage. LAYOUT 2.3. The layout of the drainage system should be kept simple. Changes of direction and gradient should be minimised and as easy as practicable. ‘Access points should be provided only if blockages could not be cleared without them. Connection of drains to other drains or private or public sewers, and of private sewers to public sewers should be made obliquely, or in the direction of flow. 2.4 The system should be ventilated by a flow of Zir_ A ventitaling pipe should be provided at or near the head of each main drain, any branch longer than 6m serving a single appliance or 12m serving a group of appliances, or on a drain fited witn an interoepting trap (particularly on a sealed system). Ventilated discnarge stacks may be used (see paragraphs 1.27 and 1.28). 2.5 Pipes should be laid to even gradients and any change of gradient should be combined with an access poini (see paragraph 2.21). 2.6 Pipes should also be laid in straight lines where practicable but may be laid to slight curves ifthese can still be cleared of blockages. ‘Any bends should be limited to positons in or close to inspection chambers or manholes (see paragraph 2.2) ancto the feo ol cischarge and Yentiating stacks. Bends should have as large a radius as practicable (see paragraph 1.22). 2.7 Special precautions should also be taken to accommodate the effects of settlement where [Bpes run under or peara bung, on ples or ams, in common trenches or in unstable ground, Precautions may also be necessary in situations involving surcharging of drains, or where control of rodents from sewers is a problem (see Appendix paragraphs A9 (0 A14), Dra snd waste disposal DEPTH OF PIPE COVER 2.6 The ota of cover will usually depend on the levels of the connections to the system, the gradients atwhich the pipes should be laid and tho ground love's. 2.9 Pipes also need to be protected from damage and ihe proposed bedding cass aves to0 litle cover (or too much, when the pipes could be damagod by tho woight of backiiling) for one combination of cover, pipe strength and pipe becding it may be possible to choose another combination. Alternatively special protection can be provided (see Appendix paragraphs A16 and Ai7). PIPE GRADIENTS AND SIZES 2.10 Drains should have enough capacity to carry the flow and be laid to falls. The flow ‘depends on the appliances connected (see paragraphs 0. 1 to 0.4 and Table 1) and the capacity depends on the size and gradient of the pipes (see Diagram7). 5 i 2 E 8 i 110 1:20 130_ 180 1:70 1-700 7200 ‘radiant [tin |. 2.11 A drain carrying only waste water should have a diameter of at least 75mm and a drain carrying soil water or waste water containing trade effluent a diameter of at least 100mm. 2.12 Table 6 shows the flattest gradients at which drains should be laid, (depending on the flow and the appliances connected to them) and the eapacty they wil then have (eee also paragraphs 0.1 10 0.4). Approved Document Foul water drainage H1 Pipe Maximum size ‘capacity (rom) Altres/eee) 75 1:40 a4 100 140 92 at 75 1:80 28 100 1:80" 63 150 11501 15.0 Minimum of 5 wes. 213 Combined systems - The capacity of ‘systems carrying foul water and rainwater should take eecount of the combined peak flow Approved Document H3 Rainwater 1age paragraph 2.1). MATERIALS FOR PIPES AND JOINTING 2.14 Any of the materials shown in Table 7 may be used (the references are to British Standard ‘Spectications). Joints should be iate to the material of the pipes. To minimi effects of any differential It pipes Should have flexible joins. All joints should remain watertight under working and test conditons and ncthing in pipes, joinis or fittings should into Doe ine o cause an dbsrucion Diorent mata should be separated by non-metalic materials to prevent electrolytic corrosion where necessary. Class D: Bedding factor 1.1 high standard of workmanship required '° notto be used unless accurate hans ‘rimming by shovel is possible Class F: Bedding factor 1.5 SA several ute scons g yD) Approved Document Material British Standard Figid pipes asbestos BS 3656 vtifid clay BS 65, BSEN 205 ‘concrete Bs S911 grey iron 8S 497, BS 6087 Fiexibe pipes upvc Bs 4860, BS 5431 Note ‘Some of thoce materials may not be suitable forconvoying trade effluent. BEDDING AND BACKFILLING 2.15 The choice of mock and backfilling Gepends on the depth at which the pipes are to be laid and the size and strength of the pipes. 2.16 Rigid pipes - The typeso! bedding anc backilling which should be used for rigid pipes of standar< strenath laid in tench of any width are shown in Diagram 8 and Table 8. Minimum and maximum dapths of cover are also shown for each type. For special protection where pipas arejeld witness cover see Appendix paragraph 2.17 Flexible pipes — These will become deformed under load and require support to limit the deformation to 5 per cent of the diameter of the pipe. The bedding and backliling should be as shown in Diagram 9. The minimum depth ‘should be 0.9m under any road and 0.6m in Class N: Bedding factor 1.1 where accurate hand timming 's not possible Class N is an alteratve to Class 0 Class B: Bedding factor 1.9 generally sutable n all soi conditions A) granuie fil io halt death of pipe Drainage and waste disposal 9 H1 Foul water drainage ‘tail for vee trench Indix D. Compacton fraction Key [I * Selectou it: toe fom stoneslaigerthan 40mm, lumpsof Cay over 100mm, timber, trozen materi, vegetable matter [HBB 2 Granular materia: should conform to B'S 882; 1989 Table 4 0r 8S 6301: 1985 Apy 200 for aaa N > OS for Claas F and 6 3. Selected fil or granular fil fee from stones larger than Co? asin Notes 1. Provision maybe required o prevent ground water lowin trenches with Class , F or B type Dedcing 2. Where there are sockets these should be not less thar 50mm above the floor of the trench. Light tratfie Pipe bore Min Max min Max min Max o4 42 a7 at a7 a7 100 03 5a 05 5B 05 55 03 74 oa 7a 4 72 06 27 14 25 = = 180 06 3g a7 38 o7 33 06 Bo 06 bo 06 48 fields and gardens. The maximum depth should be 10m. For special protection where pipes are laid with ess Cover see Appenchx paragraph Ate to, " CLEARANCE OF BLOCKAGES 2.18 Sufticient and suitable access points: should be provided for clearing blockages trom drain runs which cannot be reached by any other means. The siting, spacing and type of the access points will depend on the layout, depth and size of the runs. 2.19 The provisions described below are for normal methods of rodding (which need not be the direction of flow) and not mechanical means of clearing, 2.20 Access points should be one of four types. Table 9 shows the depth at which each type should be used and the recommended dimensions it should have. The dimensions should be increased at junctions if they do not allow enough space for branches. The types are: (a)_rodding eyes - capped extensions of the pipes; (b) access fittings - small chambers on (or an extension of) the pipes but not with an open channel; (c)_ inspection chambers - chambers with working space at ground level; (d)_ manholes — large chambers with working space at drain level. Drainage and waste disposal 10 ‘Approved Document Foul water drainage H11 Internal sizes ‘Cover sizes Depth to Length x width Circular Length x width Circular Type tm) (mm > mm) (mm) (ram » mm) eo) Frodding eye ‘As drain but min 100, Access fitting smal 0.6 or less 150 x 100 150 150 x 100 150 large 225 x 100 - 225 x 100 = Inspection chamber 0.6 or less = 190" = 190" 1.0 or less 480 x 450 450, 450 x 450 450+ Manhole 1.8 or less 1200 x 750) 1050 ‘600 x 600 600 over 1.5 1200 750 1200 600 x 600 800 over 27 1200 % 240 1200 1600 * 600 00 Shaft over 2.7 900 = 840 900 800 » 600 600 Notes * Drains up to 150mm. +t For clayware or plastics may be reduced to 430mmin order 10 provide support for cover and frame, Access Fitting

    You might also like