CHANGE

Traditional view
Can be divided in to
1.Internal change, morphology and
syntax also change as phonology.
We have to know the history of
language that shows grammatical
change.
2.External change, This change
brought about borrowing, like
scientific words or special word
related to a religion or country.

Changes in progress
The thing that can limit diffusion
1.River
2.Range of hills
3.National boundary
What makes sound changes?
1. A desire to show loyalty
2. Solidarity with the people live
around there

Process of change
Process of change can be divided
into 2 kinds
1.Change from below, change from
below concious awareness.
Systematic, and unconscious change
2.Change from above, change
brought about consciously. Sporadic,
conscious and involves issue of
prestige

Labov 2001 said that in his

observation, people who has higher
level class can influence othe in the
lower level class, this will affect
behaviour of wider community
(based on study of people influenced
sounds through telephone).
There is also someone who will resist
change like due to his positive
orientation to the local rural.

In order for changes to be complete, it

need periods of time.