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PHN I : GII THIU CHUNG V CNG TY V C CU T CHC QUN L

CA CNG TY
I - GII THIU CHUNG

Cng ty c phn Supe pht pht v ho cht Lm Thao l mt doanh nghip c

phn trc thuc tp on ho cht Vit Nam , c xy dng ngy 8/6/1959 ti
Lm Thao-Ph Th .Sau 50 nm hot ng qua nhiu ln ci to v m rng ti
nay Cty c kh nng sn xut 280.000 tn axt H 2SO4/nm, trn 850.000 tn
Supe ln n/nm, NPK cc loi 700.000 tn/nm, ln nung chy 300000 tn/nm.
Nhim v ca Cng ty l sn xut v kinh doanh cc loi sn phm phn bn ho
hc nh Supe ln, phn bn hn hp NPK v cc sn phm ho cht khc nh axt
k thut, axt tinh khit P v Pa, axit c quy, Sunfit, tr su cng nghip...nhm p
ng nhu cu cc ngnh kinh t khc trong c nc v phc v sn xut ti cng ty.
II - C CU T CHC CA CNG TY

T chc b my qun l ca Cng ty c thnh lp theo c cu trc tuyn chc

nng tng xng vi quy m sn xut
1- Hi ng Qun tr:
Hi ng qun tr cng ty gm :
- 01 Ch tch hi ng qun tr.
- 06 U vin.
- 01 Th k Cng ty
2 - Ban kim sot:
- 01 Trng ban
- 04 U vin
3 - Ban iu hnh:
- 01 Tng Gim c.
- 03 Ph tng gim c ph trch chuyn mn
4- Cc phng ban:
- Vn phng Cng ty:
- Phng T chc - Lao ng
- Phng Ti chnh - K ton
- Phng C in
- Phng KCS
- Phng nghin cu sn phm mi
- Phng Kinh doanh
- Phng K thut - An ton v Mi trng
- Phng xy dng c bn
- Phng K hoch - Vt t
- Trm Y t
- i Bo v - Qun s - PCCC
- Trng Mm non

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5- Cc n v sn xut, phc v sn xut:
- X nghip Axit
- X nghip Supe Pht pht
- X nghip NPK Lm Thao
- X nghip NPK Hi Dng
- X nghip Ln nung chy
- X nghip i sng
- X nghip in
- X nghip cp thot nc
6- Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi:
- ng b Cng ty
- Cng on Cngty
- on TNCS HCM cng ty
- Hi Cu chin binh Cng ty
7- Chc nng, nhim v ca x nghip, phn xng thc tp( x nghip axit )
X nghip Axt nhim v ch yu l sn xut Axt sunfurc H 2SO4 cung cp
cho sn xut Supe ln v cung cp cc loi axt k thut, axt ac qui, axtP, axtPA,
Natribisunft ( NaHSO3 ), Natrisunft( Na2SO3) cho nhu cu th trng v cc
ngnh kinh t khc ca t nc.
X nghip axit hin nay qun l ba dy chuyn sn xut axt sunfuric theo
phng php tip xc kp hp th hai ln. Dy chuyn axt s1 c cng sut thit
k 80.000 tn axt sunfuric/nm, Dy chuyn axt s 2 c cng sut thit k
120.000 tn axt sunfuric/nm. Dy chuyn axt s 3 c cng sut thit k 40.000
tn axt sunfuric/nm.
Nhng nguyn liu c dng nhiu sn xut axit sunfuric l pyrit, kh
luyn kim v lu hunh. Nguyn liu dng sn xut axt sunfuric H 2SO4 X
nghip Axt l lu hunh nguyn t. Lu hunh nguyn t l dng nguyn liu
ph bin nht hin nay sn xut axit sunfuric. Khi chy kh l c hm lng
SO2, O2 cao v khng to ra x. Trong khi sn lng pyrit trn th gii ang c xu
th gim dn th sn lng lu hunh ngy cng tng. C hai loi lu hunh: Lu
hunh khai thc cc m c sn gi l lu hunh thin nhin, cn lu hunh thu
hi t kh thi cc l luyn kim mu, cc nh my lc du c gi l lu hunh
thu hi. Trong lu hunh thin nhin, hm lng asen khng ng k nn dy
chuyn cng ngh c th rt ngn, b c cc cng on tinh ch kh, gim c
lng axit thi v bi.
Phn II :CC CNG VIC TIN HNH TI NI N THC TP V CC S
LIU THU THP C TRONG QU TRNH THC TP

- Hc an ton trong nh my ,an ton ha cht,phng chng chy n

- Tm hiu dy chuyn sn xut axit sunfuric s 2

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I - Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh

Khng kh m ngoi tri c ht vo thp sy kh v tr 251,lng m trong

khng kh c hp thu bi a xt 96,5% ti t trn xung, sau i qua thp tch
tia bn 253. Cht lng khng kh sau thp tia bn t hm m <0,015%V v tia
bn axit <0,005mg/m3 c ht v my thi kh 301. Theo ng y my thi
kh, khng kh kh c tch git axit nh thit b 302, sau c nng nhit
ln 1802000C nh trao i nhit ngoi 303 ri cung cp vo l t lu hunh v
tr 201. Lu hunh lng c b phn ho lng lu hunh ca X nghip Axt cp
vo thng cha trung gian 113, c nhit 1401450C c bm vo l t, qua
van iu khin lu lng cho ph hp. Trong l xy ra phn ng chy lu hunh
vi Oxy trong khng kh theo phn ng sau:
S + O2 = SO2 +Q1 (phn ng to nhit)
Hn hp kh sau l c nhit 950+ 250C a sang ni hi nhit tha, v tr
202 gim nhit cn 4204400C. Hi nc bo ho 25 at ra khi ni hi axt2
c a vo thit b qu nhit 309. Hn hp kh sau b phn ni hi sang thit b
lc gi nng 203 c nng 1010,5% SO2, lu lng Q= 36.000 + 1.000m3/h,
nhit 4200C i vo thp tip xc 306/1 (lp xc tc 1). Di vai tr tc dng ca
cht xc tc T-210, ti y xy ra phn ng chuyn ho kh SO2 thnh SO3. Phn
ng chuyn ho nh sau:
SO2 + 1/2 O2 = SO3 + Q2 (phn ng to nhit)

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Sau lp I, hn hp kh t mc chuyn ho X 1= 6670%, nhit 6000C
c h nhit xung cn 4540C nh h thng thit b qu nhit hi nc, v tr
309. y, kh SO3 nng c i vo thit b bn ngoi ng trao i nhit, hi
nc bo ho 25 at ca ni hi axt2 i vo trong ng trao i nhit. Sau thit b
qu nhit hi nc 309, hn hp kh SO3 t nhit 4540C i vo lp xc tc 2
(vo nh thp 306/2), hi nc t nhit 4004200C i vo tua bin ca xng
pht in. C th s dng pha khng kh ngui khong 50 0C bng van iu khin
s 3CV05 v 3 van bng tay iu chnh nhit kh vo lp 2 trong trng hp
tht cn thit: khi s c b phn qu nhit, hoc gim ti hi nc bo ho.v.v.
Trong lp II tip tc xy ra phn ng chuyn ho kh SO 2 thnh SO3. Sau lp
II, hn hp kh t mc chuyn ho X 2 > 86%, nhit 5240C i vo trao i nhit
ngoi 305 h nhit xung cn 4550C vo lp III. Tc nhn lm ngui l
hn hp kh SO2 t thit b lc m 278 ca hp th trung gian, qua thp TN
3011V 3010 ti. Nhit kh vo lp 3 c iu khin t ng bi van TV306/2-3a.
Qua lp III hn hp kh tip tc c phn ng chuyn ho SO 2 thnh SO3,
vi hiu sut chung t >95%. Hn hp kh sau lp III c nhit t 484 0C c
a i h nhit cn <1800C vo thp hp th th nht v tr 254, nh 2 thp
trao i nhit 3010 v 3011. C hai thp trao i nhit 3010 v 3011 tc nhn lm
ngui l hn hp kh SO2 t thp lc m 278 n, Kh SO 3 c nhit <1800C i
vo thp hp th th nht, v tr 254.
Ti thp hp th xy ra phn ng hp th kh SO3 thnh sn phm H2SO4,
theo phng trnh phn ng tng qut nh sau:
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 + Q3
Hn hp kh SO2 ra khi thp hp th 254 c a vo thp lc m 278
gi li m axit (l cht c hi cho xc tc v thit b). Sau khi ln lt i qua 3 trao
i nhit v tr 3011, 3010 v 305, kh SO 2 c nng t nhit 4250C c a
vo lp xc tc 4. Ti y, di tc dng ca xc tc C S 110, phn ng chuyn ho
kh SO2 thnh SO3 tip tc xy ra trit . Sau lp 4, hn hp kh t mc chuyn
ho chung ton my l X> 99,7%, nhit 4320C c h nhit xung <180 0C
a sang b phn hp th cui bng h thng hai thit b trao i nhit: thp
TN gia kh SO3 v khng kh kh v l, v tr 303, thp lm ngui kh SO 3 bng
khng kh m ngoi tri, v tr 304. y, tc nhn lm ngui khng kh ngoi tri
c a vo thp 304 nh c h thng 2 qut thi v tr 307; 308. Kh ra khi thp
hp th cui v tr 255 i qua thp tch tia bn axit v c thi ra ngoi tri qua
ng kh thi.
II - Cng on l t lu hunh
1 - M t cng ngh:

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Lu hunh t thng cha 113 c nhit 140145 oC c bm lu hunh 112A,
B cp vo vi phun lu hunh lp u l 201.
ng ng dn lu hunh t thng cha n vi phun c gia nhit bng hi
nc trong o hi, vi phun lu hunh c lm mt bng hi. Lu hunh lng
phun vo l chy cng vi khng kh cp vo l.
- Lu lng lu hunh vo l c iu khin t ng qua h thng iu khin
trn h DCS ti van iu chnh qua tn hiu lu lng lu hunh cp vo l.
- Lu lng khng kh c iu chnh vo l qua h thng cc van trn ng
khng kh chnh v ng khng kh b xung. Lu lng khng kh v nhit
khng kh vo l c ch th trn DCS.
Kh t l ra c nhit t 9751025 oC v nng SO2 10% th tch i vo ni
hi nhit tha 202. Ni hi nhit tha c cp nc c nhit 90105 oC bng
bm cp 216 A, B, C. Kh sau khi i qua ni hi c gim nhit t
9751025oC xung cn 3503650C kt hp vi kh i tt qua van s 4 t 420430
o
C i vo lc gi nng v tr 203, thit b lc gi nng c vai tr gi li tro, bi ca
dng kh trc khi vo tip xc.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh th cc thng s k thut sau c iu khin t ng.
+ Lu lng lu hunh FIC-201a c iu khin t ng trn h thng
DCS qua van iu khin FV -201 a.
+ Nhit kh vo lc gi nng c iu khin trn h DCS qua van iu
khin MV-202
+ Lu lng khng kh vo l FI-201b iu khin t ng trn DCS qua van
iu khin AV-203.
2 - Cc ch tiu k thut
1 Nhit du DO: 25 30 oC
2 p sut du: 15 25 KG/cm2
3 Nhit tng gch l t: 600 850 oC
4 Nhit bung t: 950 1050 oC
5 Nhit kh ra sau ni hi: 350430 oC
6 p sut hi trong ni hi 25 at
7 Nhit hi nc: 225 oC
8 Nhit hi trm gim p: 160 oC
9 p sut hi sau gim p: 6 0,5 KG/cm2
10 Lu lng lu hunh vi phun: 23,45 m3/h
11 p sut lu hunh: 712 Kg/cm2
12 Lu lng khng kh vo l: 30.000 37.000 Nm3/h
13 Nng SO2 sau l 10% th tch

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2.1 - Cu to l t:

- L t lu hunh c cu to hnh tr nm ngang, lp v bn ngoi c ch to

bng thp CT3 dy 10 mm, bn trong c xy lt bng 2 lp gch chu la.
+ Ngoi cng l lp gch nh hnh AD5 ( 230 x 113 x 65/55) mm v gch FB (230
x103 x 65) mm
+ Lp tip theo l lp gch nh hnh AD5 v gch AD3 ( 230x113 x 65/45)mm
u t l cng c xy bng cc lp gch nh trn
Gia phn u l v thn l l phn hnh cn c xy lt bng gch nh hnh
thu cn bng 2 lp gch AD5 v AD3
- L t c t trn 5 gi di ng kiu con ln
- Bn ngoi l c bc bng lp bng thy tinh v v nhm cch nhit.
- Chiu di thn l 14.230 mm; Chiu di thn tr bung trc 6.800 mm
- Chiu di thn tr bung gia 2.000 mm; Chiu di thn tr bung sau 1.780 mm
- Chiu di phn cn 883 mm
- ng knh v l: 3956 x 10 mm; ng knh trong xy lt: 3000 mm
- Th tch l: 81,2475 m3
2.2 - c tnh k thut:
- Nng sut t ca l: 3.568 5.708 kg lu hunh/gi
- p sut lu hunh vo l: 7 12 KG/cm2
- Lu lng khng kh vo l 30.000 37.000 Nm3/h
- p sut khng kh vo l 1780 mmH2O
- Nhit khng kh vo l: 160 oC
- Nhit tng l: 600 850 oC
- Nhit bung t: 950 1025 oC
- Nng SO2 sau l: 10 %
* -on ng ni v tr 202
- ng knh 800 mm b trong xy lt bng gch chu la, y l cm van iu
khin lng kh l i tt ni hi.
* - ng khi khi ng v tr 204
- ng khi khi ng dng trong qu trnh gia nhit khi ng l t lu hunh

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- ng khi khi ng c ch to bng thp CT3 800mm, H 15.000mm
* - Thng cha du DO v tr 205
- Thng cha du DO dng cha du khi gia nhit v khi ng l, tip xc
- Kch thc 1812x6mm, H 2870mm, Chiu cao cha 2400mm.
* - Bm cp du DO v tr 206
- Nng sut: Q = 1 m3/h, p sut 25 KG/cm2
3 - Cc thit b o lng b phn l:
- FIC-201 a - lu lng lu hunh lng vo l
- PT -201 a - p sut lu hunh vo l
- TI -201 - nhit tng l
- TI-202 - Nhit bung l
- TI-202 a - Nhit kh sau ni hi
- FI-201 b - lu lng khng kh vo l
- TI-201 b - Nhit khng kh vo l
- PG-201b - p sut khng kh vo l
III - Cng on ni hi nhit tha
1 - M t cng ngh :
Nc mm t b phn lc nc ho hc c cp ln bnh kh kh v tr 206
qua thit b gia nhit.Ti bnh kh kh nc c nng nhit ln ti 100105 oC v
tch oxi sau c bm cp nc v tr 205 cp vo ni hi. Nc trong ni hi
trao i nhit vi kh l, hi nc bo ho c p sut 25 at sinh ra c a qua
thit b gim p v tr 209 h p sut xung cn 6 at sau cp vo mng hi
chung ca cng ty .
Hn hp kh SO2 nng 11% c nhit 9501050 oC vo ni hi , sau khi
trao i nhit vi ni hi nhit h xung cn 420430 oC i qua thit b lc gi
nng vo tip xc. iu chnh nhit kh sau ni hi dng van iu chnh
kh i tt ni hi, khi nhit vo lc gi nng > 420 oC th ng van i tt v
ngc li .
- cp nc vo ni hi c cm van t ng cp nc lm vic theo tn hiu
nhn c t thit b o mc nc.
- gi n nh p sut ni hi dng van t ng iu chnh p sut ni hi theo
tn hiu p sut ni hi. Khi p sut > 25 at van m v ngc li.
- bo v ni hi c hai cm van an ton t 2 mc bo v khc nhau, mc
1 25,75 at, mc 2 26,25 at .
- theo di v iu chnh mc nc c 2 cm van ng thu sng v ng thu
bo tn hiu v DCS
2 - Ch ni hi

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- Nng sut sinh hi: 14000 17.000 kg/gi
- p sut trong ni hi khi lm vic: 25at
- p sut hi ra ni hi: 1020 at
- Nhit nc cp: 100105 oC
- Hiu sut l hi: 88 %
- Lu lng kh nng vo ni hi: 33.000 5% Nm3/h
- Thnh phn kh: 11% SO2
- Nhit kh vo: 9501050 oC
- Nhit kh ra ni hi: 350420 oC
2.1 - Ch nc cp cho ni hi:
- Mu sc: Khng mu
- cng ton phn: < 0,5 mgdl/kg
- Hm lng O2: < 0,1 mg/kg
- Hm lng CO2: < 20 mg/kg
- Hm lng st: < 0,05 mg/kg
- pH 20 oC: 8,5 10,5
2.3 - Tiu chun nc l :
- kim: < 6 mgdl/kg
- pH: 8,5 10,5
- Hm lng P2O5: < 10 mg/kg
3 - Cu to ni hi: Ni hi nhit tha kiu ng la

Tng b mt tip nhit: 587,6 m2

Th tch cha nc 16 m3
Th tch cha hi: 3,7 m3
Kch thc bao: L 10940 , 4300

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- Thn l: 2300x25, L 7000
- Chiu cao phn ghi cn ng: H19 x 73 =1387
- Cm sinh hi: Gm 421 ng 63,5x4 vt liu thp 20G, L6750 50
- Hp n la: L2160 , 3556
- Ca kh i tt: 1930/1740x10/800
- Ca kh vo ( trong lp xy lt ): 2400
- Hp kh ra: L2050 , 2800
- Ca kh ra: 1600/1420x10
- Ca v sinh: 900x6
- ng x hi chnh: Dy 125
- ng x kh Dy50
- ng cp nc Dy65, cch mt trong ni hi 730, l=2700
- ng x van an ton Dy80
- ng x lin tc Dy32
- ng x y Dy50
3.1.Thit b gim p v tr 209
- L2968 , 325x10/291x4/219x8
- p sut lm vic: 25 at, p sut hi ra gim p 60,5 at
- Nhit lm vic: 225 oC
3.2.Bnh x bn :
- L2348, 708x4
- V= 0,86 m3
- p sut lm vic: 2at
- Nhit lm vic: 150oC
3.3.Bnh x lin tc :
- H1660, 608x4
- V= 0,33 m3
- p sut lm vic: 2at
- Nhit lm vic 150oC
3.4.Thit b kh kh:
- L5472, 1916x8
- V= 14 m3
- Nng sut kh kh: 17 m3/h
- p sut lm vic: 2 at
- Nhit lm vic: 102 105oC
- Thp thi: H1100, 762x8
3.5.Thit b gia nhit nc mm :

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- L1744, 325x10
- ng 21,34x1,65
3.6.Bnh nc ngng:
- V=1 m3
- H1265, 950
3.7. Bm cp nc:
- Modul SK6508LL62-10K25
- Cng sut ng c: 55 Kw
- p sut y: max 30 at
IV - My thi kh
1 - Nguyn l lm vic
- My thi kh 1050-13-1 dng vn chuyn kh SO 2 trong sn xut axt
sunphurc v cc loi kh khc. My thi kh hot ng c l nh truyn ng
trc tip t ng c khng ng b thng gi khp kn c m men khi ng
bnh thng dng vng nhit i. Gi bng bc, bi trn bng du p lc.
- Chiu quay ca rto ngc chiu kim ng h nu nhn thng t pha ng c
vo khp ni trc. iu chnh lu lng kh bng cch m van ht nh ng c
in.
-Kh vo my nn c hm lng bi khng qu 10 mg/m 3 kh trnh mi mn
kim loi lm mt cn bng roto .
2 - Cu to my:

Thn my gm hai phn chnh con c v bung ht .

- Con c : Bng gang c c mt bch thng ng lp phn ht, ng y nm
na trn v nm ngang, na di v con c c mt bch bt vi thn
roto qua gurong. ng tm ca v con c nh cht nh v. na trn v
con c ngi ta b tr mt l trn c np, na di c khoang km vu ni bt

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lin vi n c mt ng dn axt ngng t v ng x kh ngai tri. Ti mt
di ca my c hai bulong nh v, na trn v na di cn c hai trc nh
hng d phng cho roto v lp m khi b hng trong khi tho v h phn
trn ca con c xung t. nng phn trn con c c d dng c b tr hai
bulong, na trn con c c b tr 4 vu mc cp khi nng con c.
- Bung ht: Bng gang c hnh tr dng nm ngang bo m cho kh i vo
cnh gung theo chiu trc. Bung ht c c nh vi con c bng bulong
bt trn mt bch ng. Pha i din vi bung ht c gi l xo, gi t
trn mng v bt bng bulong. Khi kim tra v bo dng my mt bch ng
khng phi tho.
Phn gi trc :
Thn pali cng ng thi l thng du trong b tr b phn lm mt du
v lc du. Trn thn pali c t bm du chnh, b bo mc du v ng ng
dn du. Trn np bi c lp 2 nhit k kim tra nhit bi, hai vu nng
np v chp thot hi du. Thn bi t trn mng v c bt cht bng
bulong mng. phn trn thn c b tr hai ca hnh vung lp cc ng dn du
vo. Pha trong bi c bc v bc chn. Khi lp ghp mt ngang ca thn na
con c v bung ht c chn kn bng m grapht ch hoc vt liu tng ng.
Trn cc trc c b tr cc bc m ch to t thp c ph lp hp kim dy 83,
cc tm chn kh, chn du.
ng c in 2A3M-630/6000T4 :
ng c in 2A3M-630/6000T4 ng chy my thi kh 1050-13-1. ng c
my thi kh dng congson c mt cnh gung kiu inh tn vi nhng cnh dp
hnh lng mng. Cc chi tit ca ng c c ch to t thp tt, cnh gung
c hon chnh v cn bng tnh, cnh gung lp trn trc trng thi nng v
bt cht hm, u trc pha trc cnh gung lp chp xuyn dng dn kh vo
cnh gung, pha sau cnh gung trn trc lp ng dn rc rc v tai dng cnh qut
to thnh mt ca chn kh. Trc c 2 g nh v roto tng i vi thn v
truyn p lc chiu trc cho bi chn trn trc c lp bnh rng ch ng
truyn chuyn ng cho bm du chnh, u trc c ni trc ni vi ng c
in.
Phn gia trc lm dy hn to v tr trng tm, sau khi lp xong roto phi cn
bng ng.
Nhng iu kin cho ng c lm vic an ton:
- Trn v xung quanh ng c phi sch s, khng c cc vt tha.

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- V ca ng c phi c tip a chc chn .
- ng c lm vic c trong gii hn in p t 6000 6600 vn ( +5%
nh mc )
- Tn s trong gii hn 47,5 52,5 Hz ( +5% nh mc )
- ng c c th lm vic c c khi c sai lch v in p v tn s vi
iu kin tng s sai lch ca 2 thng s khng vt qu 10%.
- in tr cch in ca ng c > 6M.
- Cc bu lng b my v bulong tip a phi c bt cht.
- C y du bi trn cc trc.
- nc lm lnh.
- Bo cho th sa cha ng c in 6 Kv c mt trc khi chy my.
- Xc nh cc thng s k thut trc khi chy my.
- Xc nh ng chiu quay ng c.
- di chuyn theo chiu trc v rung trong gii hn cho php.
- ng h ampe lm vic tt, n bo tn hiu lm vic tt, nhit <
80oC.
- Khng c khi ng my 2 ln trong vng 1 gi.
3 - Chy v dng my thi kh :
Chun b :
- Chun b cho ng c lm vic trong iu kin an ton.
- Kim tra kn cc bch ni ng, lch ca trc my.
- gim bt dng khi ng ca ng c khi khi ng ng van ht li.
- Kim tra ton b cc ng h o nhit , ampe, p sut du, mc du.
- Kim tra du, nc lm mt.
a - Cho my thi kh lm vic :
- Vic chy my thi kh do Trng ca, th in, th vn hnh my thi kh
tin hnh.
- Trc khi chy phi bo cho cng nhn vn hnh trm 6 Kv chun b
my ngt v theo di khi ng, thng bo cc thng s k thut cn thit
nh tn s, dng in cng nh cc th tc v an ton in.
Cho my thi kh lm vic vi khng kh ( chy r my ):
- ng van a khng kh v l, m van x khng kh ra ngoi tri
- ng in cho bm du lm vic, gi p sut du 0,5 KG/cm 2. Khi
cha cho bm du lm vic th khng c khi ng my thi kh
- ng in cho ng c lm vic theo ng trnh t an ton v in
- T t m van ht khng qu ti ng c
- Theo di cht ch ng c, my thi kh , bm du chnh

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- Kim tra theo di rung, nu thy rung nhiu v c ting ku l phi dng
my ngay v bo cho ngi c trch nhim kim tra tm nguyn nhn khc
phc.
- Theo di nhit cc , nhit cc khng c vt qu 70oC
- M nc lm lnh duy tr nhit du t 35 45oC
- M nc lm mt ng c
- Khi ng c in t tc , bm du chnh lm vic ( theo di qua p
sut du v mc du v cc ) nhng vn theo di xem lng du c
khng, p sut du c khng, khng mt p sut du .
- Khi p sut du tt xung 0,35 KG/cm2 th bm du ph lm vic t ng
cung cp du cho .
Cho my thi kh lm vic vi h thng:
- M van a khng kh v l, ng van x khng kh ra ngoi tri
- ng in cho bm du lm vic, gi p sut du 0,5 KG/cm 2 . Khi
cha cho bm du lm vic th khng c khi ng my thi kh
- ng in cho ng c lm vic theo ng trnh t an ton v in
- T t m van ht khng qu ti ng c
- Theo di cht ch ng c, my thi kh , bm du chnh
- Kim tra theo di rung, nu thy rung nhiu v c ting ku l phi dng
my ngay v bo cho ngi c trch nhim kim tra tm nguyn nhn khc
phc.
- Theo di nhit cc , nhit cc khng c vt qu 70oC
- M nc lm lnh duy tr nhit du t 35 45oC
- M nc lm mt ng c.
- Khi ng c in t tc , bm du chnh lm vic ( theo di qua p
sut du v mc du v cc ) nhng vn theo di xem lng du c
khng, p sut du c khng, khng mt p sut du.
- Khi p sut du tt xung 0,35 KG/cm2 th bm du ph lm vic t ng
cung cp du cho .
Theo di my thi kh lm vic:
- Theo di nhit cc trc khng c vt qu 70oC
- Theo di rung ca my v cc gi khng c vt qu 0,65mm. Khi
my rung hn th phi dng my v bo cho Trng ca tm nguyn nhn
khc phc.
- Khng c cho my thi kh lm vic trong vng khng n nh ghi trn
c tuyn ca my.
- Trng hp chy my vi ch ti thp phi m van tun hon.
- Theo di trng thi ca cc m.
- Kim tra mc du trong thng cha.

14
- Theo di p sut du, gi p sut du t 0,5 0,75 KG/cm2. Khi p sut du
di 0,35 KG/cm2 th bm du ph khi ng .
- Du dng cho my l du tuc bin mc T22 hoc lai du tng ng, nh
k thay du.
- Gi gn my v thit b sch s.
- Ghi chp chnh xc s liu 1 ln/gi. Trng hp c sai lch nhiu so vi
ch k thut phi tm nguyn nhn khc phc.
b - Dng my thi kh:
Nhng trng hp h hng cn dng my
- Khi thy bc khi bt k b phn no ca my.
- My thi kh dng t ngt hoc c ting va p mnh.
- Khi nhit du trt tng cao qu 70 oC hay khi bc chy ( Trng hp
trt tng cao qu 70oC ch c php lm vic khi c lnh ca ngi c
trch nhim v ch lm vic trong thi gian ngn).
- Kh t my ra ngoi nhiu.
- Khi thy b phn no ca my e do nguy him.
- Khi mc du trong thng thp di vch quy nh.
- p sut du thp hn 0;25 Kg/cm 2 v khng c kh nng a p sut du ln
bng bm khi ng.
- Khi dng my phi ng in cho bm khi ng lm vic cho n khi my
dng hn.
- Dng ng c in tin hnh theo ch dn s dng ng c in 6 Kv.
- Sau khi dng ng c khi ng du th ct nc lm lnh.
- Ghi thi gian dng ng c my thi kh vo nht k k thut , sau khi dng
my phi bo ngay cho trng ca v th trc nht in bit.
4 - . Nhng s c , nguyn nhn v cch khc phc :
S c
Nguyn nhn
Cch khc phc
Nhit gi tng qu - Nc lm mt ln vo - X nc trong du
du
70 oC
- Tng nc lm lnh
- Du lm ngui km
du
- L du vo bc tc
- Thng sch l cp du
- Cc vng bi b bn
vo bc
hoc thiu m
- V sinh sch , thay m
My b rung
- Sc ti nh
-Tng ti
- Cnh gung khng cn - Cn bng li cnh
gung
Stato nng
- in li cao qu quy Gim in th xung
nh

15
ng c nng

- ng c qu ti hoc
thng gi khng n nh
- nc lm mt thiu

in tr cch in ca
dy Stato thp.

- Cun dy Stato bn

Cun dy stato on
mch.

- ng c qu ti.
- ng thng gi bn.
- in th ca cc cc
thp hn quy nh.
- Thng gin nc lm
mt ng c.

Roto trm vo stato.

- Khe h gia Stao v

Roto khng m bo.
- Roto cn bng khng
t.
- Dp giong nhng
ch ni bch.
- Rng pinhong b v.

p sut du trong ng p
lc gim.
C ting g trong
pinhong bm du.

- Gim ti hoc tng

cng thng gi
-tng nc lm mt
ng c.
-Tho ng c thi sch
bn , sn li nhng ch
b trc sn.
- Gim ti.
- Lau sch ng ng.
- Nng in th hoc
gim xung n cng
quy nh.
-Tho hn li im
thng.
- Thay mi .
- Cn bng li roto.
- Thay giong mi.
- R li rng.

V - Cng on tip xc dy chuyn

1 -My tip xc (v tr 306/1):
My tip xc 306/1 dng chuyn ho kh SO 2 thnh kh SO3 ti lp xc
tc th nht. Thp hnh tr, v c ch to bng thp C20 dy 10 mm, bn trong
lt 1 lp aming dy 10 mm v xy lt bng 01 lp gch sa mt chu nhit dy 230
mm. y thp cn lt thm lp gch chu axt, kch thc gch 180x115x18mm.
Gia tm thp l mt on tr bng gang chu nhit c 800mm dng lm tr
cho cc kt cu ca thp. Xung quanh thp, bn ngoi v thp l lp bo n cch
nhit bng bng thu tinh dy 250mm, bn ngoi l lui thp 1 ly v nhm l dy
0,8mm. Trn nh thp c nn phn phi kh bng thp C20, dy 8mm,
2100mmm gc nh nn 1500, trn nn c 12 l 200mm cch u nhau v cch
tm l 650mm. Di nn phn phi kh l lp ghi bng thp. Trong thp c kt cu
theo th t t di ln l: dm ghi I240 thp C20, kt cu ghi , li thp, sau
l lp thch anh c 20x25mm, dy 50mm, lp xc tc dy 570mm, lp
thch anh dy 50mm.
Phn di lp xc tc 1 l h thng gom kh ra.

16
Cc thng s c bn:
- Nng sut: 360 tn axt /ngy m
- Lu lng kh qua thp: <46.600 Nm3/h.
- p sut lm vic: 1.400 1.700mmH2O.
- Chiu cao tng cng: 5.397 mm.
- ng knh ngoi v thp: 8.020 mm.
- ng knh trong thp: 7.520 mm.
- ng dn kh SO2 vo trn nh thp: Dn=1400mm
- ng dn kh SO3 ra di: hnh ch nht, kch thc 1.200x 2.100mm.
- C 5 ca chui 800mm: 2 ca trn np thp, 1 ca pha di chn v 2
ca ngang v tr xc tc.
Cht xc tc lp 1:
Chiu cao (mm)
Th tch ( lt )
Loi xc tc
570
25.000
T-210
2 - My tip xc (v tr 306/2 ):
My tip xc 306/2 dng chuyn ho kh SO 2 thnh kh SO3 ti lp xc
tc th 2, th 3, th 4. Thp hnh tr, v c ch to bng thp C20 dy 10 mm,
bn trong lt 1 lp aming dy 10 mm v xy lt bng 01 lp gch sa mt chu
nhit dy 230 mm. y thp cn lt thm lp gch chu axt, kch thc gch
180x115x18mm. Gia tm thp c 08 on tr bng gang chu nhit c 800mm
lp ghp vi nhau, dng lm tr cho cc kt cu ca thp. Xung quanh thp, bn
ngoi v thp l lp bo n cch nhit bng bng thu tinh dy 250mm, bn ngoi
l lui thp 1 ly v nhm l dy 0,8mm. Trn nh thp c nn phn phi kh bng
thp C20, dy 8mm, 2100mmm gc nh nn 1500, trn nn c 12 l 200mm
cch u nhau v cch tm l 650mm. Di nn phn phi kh l lp ghi bng thp
ri lp thch anh dy 50mm, c 20x25mm. Trong thp gm c 3 lp xc
tc, mi lp c kt cu theo th t t di ln l: dm ghi I 240 thp C20, kt
cu ghi , li thp, sau l lp thch anh c 20x25mm, dy 50mm, lp xc
tc, lp thch anh dy 50mm.
Trn cc lp xc tc 3, 4 c h thng phn phi kh, trn lp 2 c h thng
trn kh. Di cc lp xc tc 2, 3, 4 u c h thng gom kh ra. Gia lp 3 v
lp 4 c ngn cch bng tm thp sn. Do thp c chia thnh 3 on ngn
cch ring nhau (tm ngn sau lp 2 c).
Cc thng s c bn:
- Nng sut: 360 tn axt/ngy m
- Lu lng kh qua thp: <46.600 Nm3/h.
- p sut lm vic: 1.400 1.700mmH2O.

17
-

Chiu cao tng cng: 19.900 mm.

ng knh ngoi v thp: 8.020 mm.
ng knh trong thp: 7.520 mm.
ng dn kh vo lp 2 (trn nh thp): Dn=1400mm
ng dn kh SO3 ra lp 2: hnh ch nht, kch thc 1.200 x 2.100mm.
ng dn khng kh b xung vo lp 2: 3 ng Dn=400mm.
ng dn kh vo lp 3: hnh ch nht, kch thc 1.200 x 2.100mm.
ng dn kh SO3 ra lp 3: hnh ch nht, kch thc 1.200 x 2.100mm.
ng dn kh vo lp 4: hnh ch nht, kch thc 1.200 x 2.100mm.
ng dn kh SO3 ra lp 4: hnh ch nht, kch thc 1.200 x 1.800mm
C 15 ca chui 800mm c b tr trn thn thp cc v tr
ph
hp.
Cht xc tc :
Lp xc tc Chiu cao (mm)
Th tch ( lt )
Loi xc tc
2
570
25.000
T-210
3
700
31.000
LP-110
4
700
31.000
CS-110
3 - Thit b qu nhit hi nc, h nhit kh sau lp 1 (v tr 309):
Cng dng:
Dng h nhit hn hp kh sau lp xc tc 1 t nhit vo lp xc
tc 2. ng thi gia nhit hi nc bo ho 25 at, 2220C ln 4200C dng cho
tua bin pht in.
Cu to:
Gm c 02 chm ng trao i nhit t trong 2 hp kh hnh ch nht lin
nhau, c ng dn kh SO3 ni tip 2 hp vi nhau. ng trao i nhit bng thp
12Cr1MoV chu nhit , p sut v chng n mn ho hc. Hp kh bng thp
C20. Kh SO3 i ngoi ng, hi nc bo ho i trong ng.
- Din tch b mt truyn nhit : 298 m2, ng 38x4mm, L=70.000mm.
- Kch thc bao ngoi: DxRxH= 5980x6170x4037mm
- ng kh SO3 vo: Dy= 1400mm.
- ng kh SO3 ra: Dy= 1400mm.
- ng hi nc bo ho vo: Dy= 250mm, thp 12Cr1MoV.
- ng gp hi nc qu nhit ra: Dy= 250mm.
Cc ch tiu k thut:
- Nhit kh SO3 vo/ra: 600oC/454 oC.
- Nng sut kh SO3: 31.747 Nm3/h.
- Nhit hi nc vo/ra: 222oC/420 oC.

18
- Nng sut hi nc: 15.300 Nm3/h
- p sut lm vic: 25 at.
4 - Cc trao i nhit :
4.1 -Trao i nhit ngoi kh sau lp 2 (v tr 305):
Cng dng:
Dng h nhit kh SO3 sau lp xc tc 2 a vo lp xc tc 3. Hn hp
kh SO3 nng i trong ng, t trn xung di, kh SO2 i ngoi ng.
Cu to:
Thp kiu trao i nhit ng chm, c v bng thp, phn bung kh trn v
di trong c xy lt bng lp gch chu nhit dy 115mmm, bn ngoi c
bo n bng bng khong dy 100mm (thp 305 c s dng thp 304a c).
- Din tch b mt truyn nhit : 1176 m2
- Chiu cao ton b thp: 10780mm
- ng knh thp: =3000mm
- Tng s ng trao i nhit n=1760 ng, 38x3,5; H=5.600mm
4.2 - Trao i nhit ngoi sau lp 3/1 (v tr 3010 v 3011):
Cng dng:
Dng trao i nhit h nhit kh SO 3 sau lp 3 v nng nhit hn hp
kh SO2 t thit b lc m s 278 v. Hn hp kh SO 3 i trong ng, t trn xung
di, kh SO2 i ngoi ng.
Cu to:
Thn thp c v bng thp, c chia lm 3 on:
- on trn l hp kh vo, v thp, trong xy lt bi 1 lp gch sa mt chu
nhit. Kch thc: H = 2.622 mm, 2.812x10mm.
- on gia l phn trao i nhit, v bng thp dy 10mm, bn ngoi bo
n cch nhit. ng knh 2.558 x10mm, H=6000mm. Cc ng trao i nhit
bng thp C20, gm 1045 ng 57x3,5mm, L=6.000mm, F=1.050m2.
- on di l hp kh ra, v thp, H=2.600mm; 2.558mm.
Cc ng cng ngh:
- ng kh SO3 vo: Dy=1600mm, ng thp 1876x8mm, c xy lt gch.
- ng kh SO3 ra: Dy=1400mm, ng thp 1416x8mm
- ng kh SO2 vo: Dy=1200mm, ng thp 1216x8mm, kiu hp kh hnh
cn.
- ng kh SO2 ra: Dy=1400mm, ng thp 1416x8mm, kiu hp kh hnh
cn.
Ch k thut:
- Nhit kh SO3 vo/ra: 4840C/3100C.
- Lu lng kh SO3: Q=31.174Nm3/h

19
- Nhit kh SO2 vo/ra: 800C/3320C.
- Lu lng kh SO2: Q=27.943Nm3/h
4.3 - Trao i nhit ngoi sau lp 4/1 (v tr 303):
Cng dng:
Dng trao i nhit h nhit kh SO3 sau lp xc tc 4 v nng nhit
khng kh kh khi a v l t lu hunh. Hn hp kh SO 3 nng i trong ng, t
di ln trn, khng kh kh i ngoi ng.
Cuto:
Thp kiu trao i nhit ng chm, c v bng thp CT38 10mm, phn bung kh
trn v di trong c xy lt bng lp gch chu nhit dy 115mmm, bn ngoi
c bo n bng bng khong dy 100mm.
- Din tch b mt truyn nhit: 530 m2
- Chiu cao ton b thp: 7400mm (Trong : Chiu cao phn ng trao i
nhit 3000mm).
- ng knh thp: 3020x10mm
- Tng s ng trao i nhit 38 x 3,5, H3000mm: 1615 ng
4.4 - Thp lm ngui kh SO3 sau lp 4/2 (v tr 304):
Cng dng:
Dng h nhit kh SO3 sau thit b trao i nhit 303 a v thp hp thu
cui. Hn hp kh SO3 nng i trong ng, t trn xung di, khng kh m i
ngoi ng.
Cu to:
Thp kiu trao i nhit ng chm, c v bng thp, phn bung kh trn v
di trong c xy lt bng lp gch chu nhit dy 115mmm, bn ngoi c
bo n bng bng khong dy 100mm.
- Din tch b mt truyn nhit: 1260 m2
- Chiu cao ton b thp: 10780mm
- ng knh thp: =3000mm
- Tng s ng trao i nhit n=1760 ng, 38x3,5; H=6.000mm
4.5- Qut lm ngui SO3, v tr 307; 308:(2 ci)
- Lu lng kh Q=60.000m3/h
- p sut qut H= 200mmH2O
- ng c N= 55KW.
4.6 - Bnh tch du (302):
Dng tch du v tia bn axt trc khi cho kh vo tip xc .
- Th tch bnh: 41 m3
- H = 5370mm.
- 3770mm.

20
Bn trong thp xp m tr 50x50mm, y c ng gp x axt ngng t.
4.7 - Lc gi nng (v tr 203):
V bng thp, bn trong xy gch sa mt chu nhit.
Kch thc:
ng knh ngoi 7254x12mm; Htng=3265mm; kh vo=1420x10mm;
kh ra=1420x10mm. Bn trong l 61 tr bng gang chu nhit t cch nhau
400mm. Trn tr gang l cc ghi , trn ri thch anh. Trn nh c nn phn
phi kh. Trn np thp c 01 ca chui 600mm, bn thnh thp c 01 ca ch
nht kch thc 570 x 1090mm.
Cc ch k thut:
Lu lng kh vo 33.00037.000m3/h, nhit kh vo 4104300C.
p sut lm vic: P=2000mmH2O.
thch anh lp di: dy 30mm, c 1225mm.
thch anh lp gia: dy 120mm, c 310mm.
thch anh lp trn: dy 30mm, c 1225mm.
5 - Cc thng s k thut My tip xc ( 306/1 v 306/2 ):
- Lu lng hn hp kh vo thp: < 46.600Nm3 /h.
- Nng kh SO2: <10,5 % th tch
- S lp xc tc: 4
- Mc chuyn ho chung ton my: > 99,7%
Lp xc tc
1
2
3
4

Nhit kh vo
( 0C )
420
454
455
425

Nhit kh ra
( 0C )
600
524
484
432

Mc chuyn ho
%
60
86
94
99,7

6 - M t cng ngh b phn:

Hn hp kh sau b phn ni hi, sau thit b lc gi nng 203 c nng
8,5 10,5% SO2, lu lng Q= 35.000 + 2.000m3/h, nhit 4200C i vo thp
tip xc 306/1 (lp xc tc 1). Di vai tr tc dng ca cht xc tc T-210, ti y
xy ra phn ng chuyn ho:
SO2 + 1/2 O2 = SO3 + Q.

21
Sau lp I, hn hp kh SO2,SO3t mc chuyn ho X1= 66 70%V, nhit
6000C c h nhit xung cn 4540C nh h thng thit b qu nhit hi
nc, v tr 309. y, kh SO3 nng c i vo thit b bn ngoi ng trao i
nhit, hi nc bo ho 25 at ca ni hi axt2 i vo trong ng trao i nhit. Sau
thit b qu nhit hi nc 309, hn hp kh SO 3 t nhit 4540C i vo lp xc
tc 2 (vo nh thp 306/2), hi nc t nhit 4004200C i vo tua bin ca
xng pht in. C th s dng pha khng kh ngui khong 50 0C bng van iu
khin s 3CV05 v 3 van bng tay iu chnh nhit kh vo lp 2 trong
trng hp tht cn thit: khi s c b phn qu nhit, hoc gim ti hi nc bo
ho.v.v.
Trong lp II tip tc xy ra phn ng chuyn ho kh SO 2 thnh SO3. Sau lp
II, hn hp kh t mc chuyn ho X2 > 86%, nhit 5240C i vo trao i nhit
ngoi 305 h nhit xung cn 4550C vo lp III. Tc nhn lm ngui l
hn hp kh SO2 t thit b lc m 278 ca hp th trung gian, qua thp TN 3010
ti. Nhit kh vo lp 3 c iu khin t ng bi van TV-306/2-3a.
Qua lp III hn hp kh tip tc c phn ng chuyn ho SO 2 thnh SO3,
vi hiu sut chung t > 95%. Hn hp kh sau lp III c nhit 484 0C c
a i h nhit cn <1800C vo thp hp th th nht, nh 2 thp trao i
nhit. Thp trao i nhit 3010 v 3011, tc nhn lm ngui l hn hp kh SO 2 t
thp lc m 278 ti. Kh SO3 c nhit <1800C i vo thp hp th th nht, v
tr 254.
Hn hp kh SO2 ra khi thp hp th 254 c a vo thp lc m 278
gi li m axit (l cht c hi cho xc tc v thit b). Sau khi ln lt i qua 3 trao
i nhit v tr 3011,3010 v 305, kh SO 2 c nng t nhit 4250C c a
vo lp xc tc 4. Ti y, di tc dng ca xc tc C S-110, phn ng chuyn ho
kh SO2 thnh SO3 tip tc xy ra trit . Sau lp 4, hn hp kh t mc chuyn
ho chung ton my l X > 99,7%, nhit 4320C c h nhit xung <180 0C
a sang b phn hp th bng h thng hai thit b trao i nhit: thp TN
gia kh SO3 v khng kh kh v l, v tr 303, thp lm ngui kh SO3 bng
khng kh m ngoi tri, v tr 304. y, tc nhn lm ngui khng kh ngoi tri
c a vo thp 304 nh c h thng 2 qut thi v tr 307; 308.
Nhit cc lp xc tc c kim tra bng cc cp nhit in v c
chuyn tn hiu v trung tm iu khin.
- Sc ti vo my tip xc c o v chuyn tn hiu v trung tm iu khin.
7 - Mt s van cng ngh ca b phn:
- Van 3BTV02: van cnh lt Dy1400, lp trn ng kh SO 3 ra khi thit b
qu nhit hi nc 309.

22
- Van 3BTV03: van cnh lt Dy1400, lp trn ng kh SO 3 i tt khng
qua thit b qu nhit hi nc 309.
- Van 3CV05: Dy800, van iu khin nhit , ly tn hiu nhit kh vo
lp 2 iu chnh lng khng kh b xung (van c c).
- Van TV-306/2-3a: Dy800, van iu khin nhit , ly tn hiu nhit kh
vo lp 3 iu chnh lng kh SO3 nng i tt TN 305.
- Van 3BTV08: van cnh lt, Dy1600 lp trn ng ng kh SO 3 ra lp 3
vo TN 3010.
- Van 3MV09: van ng c in, Dy600 lp trn ng ng kh SO 2 i tt
TN 305.
- Van 3GV10: van chn Dy800 lp trn ng ng kh SO 3 i tt t lp 3
xung lp 4.
- Van 3CV04: van in, Dy300 lp trn ng ng b xung khng kh kh
vo ng kh SO2 trc lp 1 my tip xc.
8 - mt s s c , nguyn nhn v cch khc phc :
stt S c
Nguyn nhn
1 Nhit vo lp I thp 1 - Sc ti h thng l
thp, van s 4 m cha
hp l.
2 - Nhit kh l thp
do khng ph hp gia
lu lng S v khng
kh vo l.
3 - Van s 3CV04 h
nhiu.
2 Nhit vo lp II Lng khng kh lnh
thp trong khi nhit vo sau lp I ln.
ra lp I bnh thng.
Kh b mt nhit qu
nhit 309 nhiu.
3 Nhit vo lp III Do lng kh SO3 nng
thp trong khi nhit v SO2 lnh vo TN
ra lp II bnh thng.
305 cha hp l vi b
mt TN ca n.
4 Nhit vo lp IV Do cha hp l gia lu
thp trong khi nhit lng kh nng, kh
ra lp III bnh thng. lnh vi b mt cc
TN 3010,3011; 305.
5 Nhit lp I my tip Do hn hp kh SO2

Cch khc phc

1 iu chnh m van
s 4 i tt ni hi.
2 Kim tra nng
kh SO2, nhit kh
l, iu chnh tng
thm S vo l.
3- Kim tra ng li
van s 3CV04
ng bt van s
3CV05.
iu
chnh
van
3BTV03.
Kim tra van s TV306/2-3a i tt 305 ca
kh nng hoc m van
s 3MV09.
Kim tra iu chnh van
3MV09 kh SO2 i
qua ht tTN 305.
Kim tra iu chnh

23
xc tng.

nng i tt ni hi ng van s 4.
nhiu

V - Cng on sy- hp th
*Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh:
1. Cng on sy khng kh.
Khng kh c nhit t 2830 oC c my thi kh 301/1,2 ht qua thp
sy 251, v thp tch tia bn 253. Ti b phn sy axt sunphurc > 96,5%V c
ti t trn xung, chu trnh ti ca axt nh sau: axt sunphurc t thng cha
258-2 c cc bm chm 262-1,2,3 bm ln cc dn lm lnh tm 266-1,2,3
lm lnh axt t 4550oC xung cn 4045oC bng nc, sau axt c vo
thng cao v 269 ri c ti vo thp sy qua h thng phn phi axt bng a
vi lu lng 240-270 m3/h. Lng axt chy t thp sy v thng cha 258-1,2 li
tip tc c bm tun hon ln thp sy kt thc 1 chu trnh sy. Trong thp xy
ra qu trnh hp th hi nc. Khng kh sau thp sy t tiu chun: m <
0,015 %, hm lng tia bn <0,005 mg/m3.
Do qu trnh hp th hi nc nng axt sy b pha long nn trong h
thng c lp t ng ng b xung axt t 2 thp hp th m n sang duy tr
nng axt sy. Trong qu trnh lm vic, pha long axt do hp th hi nc v
a axt t thp mn sang, mc thng cha axt sy dn nng ln, duy tr mc
thng cha sy ta a axt sy sang b phn trn t cao v axit sy trn axt a
v kho cha cp cho sn xut supe.
Khng kh sau thp sy c nhit 4045 oC ra khi thp sy i qua thp
tch tia bn 253 gi li cc git axt ko theo trc khi v my nn 301.
2. Cng on hp th
- Hn hp kh SO2, SO3 ra khi lp 3 my tip xc c mc chuyn ho 94%, nhit
4840C s qua cc trao i nhit 3010 v 3011 lm ngui xung nhit
180oC trc khi i vo y thp hp th trung gian 254. Chu trnh ti ca thp
mn trung gian nh sau: axt mn c nng 98,3 0,4% axt sunphurc
(H2SO4)c nhit 70 5oC t thng cha 260 - 1,2 c cc bm chm 264-1,2,3
bm ln dn lm lnh tm 268-1,2,3,4 v c lm lnh xung 50 5oC sau
vo thng cao v 270 ri c ti vo thp hp th trung gian qua h thng phn
phi axt bng a vi lu lng 360 m3/h. Lng axt chy t thp hp th trung
gian v thng cha 260 li tip tc c bm tun hon ln thp kt thc 1 chu
trnh. Do hp th SO3 nng axt tng dn ln, duy tr nng axt mn ta
pha long bng nc cng ngh hoc bng axt sy. Do hp th SO 3 v b xung
H2O nn mc thng cha axt 260 cao dn ln, duy tr mc thng cha ta a
axt sang b phn sy nng nng axt sy.

24
Kh ra khi thp hp th trung gian c nhit 80oC i vo thp kh m tch
ht lng axt v m axt ri i qua cc trao i nhit 3010, 3011 v 305 nng nhit
ln 425oC trc khi vo lp 4 my tip chuyn ho tip lng SO2 cn li.
Hn hp kh SO2, SO3 ra khi lp 4 my tip xc c mc chuyn ho 99,7%,
nhit 4320C s qua trao i nhit 303 v 304 lm ngui xung 180oC ri i vo
y thp hp th cui 255. Chu trnh ti ca thp hp th cui nh sau: axt mn c
nng 98,3 0,4% H2SO4 c nhit 60-65oC t thng cha 259 c cc bm
chm 263 - 1,2,3 bm ln cc thit b lm lnh tm 267 - 1,2,3 v c lm lnh
xung 5055oC sau vo thng cao v 271 ri c ti vo thp hp th cui
qua h thng phn phi axt bng a vi lu lng 360 m3/h. Lng axt chy t thp
hp th cui v thng cha 259 li tip tc c bm tun hon ln thp kt thc 1
chu trnh. Do hp th SO3 nng axt tng dn ln, duy tr nng axt mn ta
pha long bng nc cng ngh. Do hp th SO 3 v b xung H2O nn mc thng
cha axt 259 cao dn ln, duy tr mc thng cha ta a axt sang b phn sy
nng nng axt sy.
Sau thp hp th cui 255 hn hp kh i vo thp tch git 256 trc khi
thi ra ngoi tri qua ng thi kh 280.
3.c tnh k thut ca thit b sy hp th:
TT V
Tn thit b S.lng c tnh thit b, kch thc ch yu.
tr
1 251 Thp sy.
1
V bng thp dy 8mm, xy lt bng gch chu
axt, bn trong xp m chu axt, phn phi
bng 4 mng, 5000mm, H15600mm, ng kh
ra 1200mm; ng axt bng thp khng g
y/hi 200/530 mm
2 258 Thng cha 2
V bng thp, bn trong xy lt bng gch
axt sy.
chu axt, 2800mm, L14500mm,V = 80m3
3 262 Bm chm 3
XH-160/49-CT-6-T.
thp sy.
Q =160 m3/h, H = 38 mH2O.
N=55 kW, n=1460 vng/pht.
4 266 Dn
lm 1
B mt dn 1: F =38,8 m2
lnh axt sy
Dn 2,3 c V mi dn l: 66,2 L.
(lm
lnh
ng axt vo/ra: DN200 mm.
tm).
ng nc vo/ra: DN200 mm.
L=1070mm;B =760mm;H=1738mm.
5

253

Thp tia bn 1
sy.

V bng thp xy lt bng gch chu axt,

bn trong xp m chu axt, 5500mm,

25

254

Thp
th
gian.

264

Bm chm 3
thp hp th
trung gian.

278

Thp
kh 1
m axt cho
thp hp th
trung gian.

268

Dn
lm 4
lnh
axt
thp hp th
trung gian.

10 260

Thng cha 1
axt thp hp
th
trung
gian.
Thp
hp 1
th cui.

11 255

hp 1
trung

H10000mm, ng vo/ ra 1200mm.

V bng thp dy 8mm, xy lt bng gch chu
axt, bn trong xp m chu axt, phn phi bng
4 mng thp khng g, 5000mm, 15600mm,
ng kh vo/ ra 1400mm; ng axt bng thp
khng g y/hi 200/530 mm; ng nc
cp thp CT38 50 mm
-bm 264 (1,3 )c XTT 160/49-EI-6-T
Q=160 m3/h, H=38 mH2O
N1 = 100 kW, N2,3 =75 kW n=1460
vng/pht
Bm 264(2) D c k hiu XH-280/49CT-6-T, Q=280 m3/h; H = 42 mH2O
Nng c = 110 kw, n = 1500 v/ph.
V bng thp dy 10mm, xy lt bng gch
chu axt 5000mm, 10000mm, ng kh vo/
ra 1400mm; ng x axt bng thp khng g
hi 150 mm; s lng nn 12 ci treo trn v
nn bng thp trng. Nn loi ES 210, vt liu
bng thp 316L SS v si thu tinh c
bitTFE; ng knh trong ngoi 600/650mm,
di 3000 mm.
Lm lnh tm 1,2: F =50 m2 /1dn.
Lm lnh tm 3,4: F =65 m2 /1dn.
Vt liu tm: Alloy-276.
Vt liu giong: viton.
ng axt vo/ra: DN200 mm.
ng nc vo/ra: DN200 mm.
L=1070mm;B =760mm;H=1738mm.
V bng thp dy 8mm, xy lt bng gch
chu axt, 2584mm, H 16714mm, V
=87,6 m3.
V bng thp dy 8mm, xy lt bng gch chu
axt, bn trong xp m chu axt, phn phi
bng 4 mng thp khng g 5000mm,
H14762mm; ng kh vo/ ra 1400mm; ng
axt bng thp khng g y/hi 200/530
mm; ng nc cp thp CT38 20 mm.

26
12 263
13 267

14

15 259
16 256
17
18 280

Bm chm 3
thp hp th
cui.
Lm lnh
3
axt thp hp
th cui
(lm lnh
tm)
Thit b lc 3
nc c cp
nc lm lnh
cho lm lnh
tm
Thng cha 1
axt hp th
cui
Thp tia bn 1
hp th cui
Thp x l
kh thi
ng thi kh 1

XTT 160/49 EI-6-T

Q =160m3/h, H =38 mH2O
N =75 Kw, n= 1460 vng/pht
Vt liu tm: Alloy-276
Vt liu giong: viton
Dn1,2,3 c F =33,80 m2 /1dn
ng axt vo/ra: DN200 mm
ng nc vo/ra: DN200 mm
L=1070mm;B =760mm;H=1738mm
H=915 mm; 520mm
Li lc 319: mt 86 l/cm2
ng nc vo/ra: 200mm
V bng thp dy 8mm, xy lt bng gch
chu axt, 2800mm, H14500mm, V=80 m3
V bng thp xy lt bng gch chu axt,
bn trong xp m chu axt, 5500mm,
H10000mm, ng vo/ ra 1400mm
V bng thp; 4500 mm
V bng thp 1200mm,
H = 98000mm

4 - Ch tiu k thut
4.1 - Thp sy kh v tr 251
- Nhim v: Sy khng kh trc khi v l
- Lu lng khng kh m vo thp: 3660047000 m3/h
- Nhit khng kh vo: 2830 oC
- Nhit khng kh ra: 4045 oC
- Lu lng axt ti: 240-270 m3/h
- Nng axt ti: 95% H2SO4
- Nhit axt ti/chy: 45 50/40 45 oC
- p sut kh vo: - 40 mmH2O ; p sut kh ra: -135 mmH2O
- Hiu sut hp th: 99,9 %
- Hm m sau sy: < 0.015% V
- Tia bn < 0,005 mg/m3
- Xp m :

27
Loi m
150x150
120x120
100x100
80x80
50x50
50x50
Tng

Kiu
xp
Xp
Xp
Xp
Xp
Xp
ri

Chiu
(m)
0.3
0.24
0.2
0.16
6
1.4
8.3

cao B
mt
2
ring(m /m3)
40
50
60
70
110
110

Th tch
(m3)
5,888
4,710
3,925
3,140
117,750
27,475
162,888

4.2 - Thp hp th trung gian v tr 254

Nhim v : Hp th SO3 sau lp III my tip xc.
- Lu lng hn hp kh SO2, SO3 vo thp: 34840 m3/h
- Nhit kh vo: 180 oC
- Nhit kh ra: 80 oC
- Lu lng axt ti: 360 m3/h
- Nng axt ti: 98,3%0,4
- Nhit axt ti /chy: 4555/6575 oC
- p sut kh vo: 1180 mmH2O; p sut kh ra: 1060 mmH2O
- Hiu sut hp th: 99,9 %
- Xp m: ( Tng t nh thp sy )
4.3 - Thp kh m axt cho thp hp th trung gian 278
- Lu lng kh vo/ra thp 31330 m3/h.
- Nhit kh vo 80oC.
- Tn tht p sut kh i qua thp 300 mmH2O
- p sut lm vic 1060mm H2O
- Hiu sut lc m:
+ Vi ht m kch thc > 3m l 100%
+ Vi ht m kch thc 3m l 99%
- Lng m u vo 50 mg/m3
4.4 Thp hp th cui v tr 255
Nhim v : Hp th kh SO3 sau lp IV my tip xc
- Lu lng hn hp kh SO3 vo thp : 31330 m3/h
- Nhit kh vo: 180 oC
- Nhit kh ra: 80 oC
- Lu lng axt ti: 360 m3/h
- Nng axt ti: 98,3% 0,4

Din
(m2)
236
236
236
220
12953
3022
16901

tch

28
- Nhit axt ti /chy: 4550/6065 oC
- p sut kh vo: 130165 mmH2O ; p sut kh ra : 7090 mmH2O
- Hiu sut hp th: 99,9 %
- Xp m: ( Tng t nh thp sy)
4.5 - Thit b lm lnh tm 267-1,2,3.
- Mc ch: lm lnh axt 98.3 0.4% H2SO4
+ Cng sut: 160 m3/h/1 thit b lm lnh tm.
+ Nhit axt vo: 65 oC
+ Nhit axt ra: 55 oC
+ nht: 18 cP
- Dung mi lm lnh: bng nc c h tun hon lc qua cc lc
+ Lu lng: 127.918 m3/h/1thit b lm lnh tm
+ Nhit nc vo: 31 oC
+ Nhit nc ra: 40 oC
+ nht: 0.72 cP
- Cng sut trao i nhit: 1329.12 kW
- H s: K = 1604.77 W/m2K.
4.6 - Mc cc thng cha sy, hp th trung gian, hp th cui
- Mc di ca thng cha 1,5 m
- Mc trn thng cha 2,2 m
4.7 - Nc vo ra dn lm lnh axt
- Nc vo: + Nhit : 28-32 oC; + pH: 6.5-7
- Nc thi ra h: + pH: 6.5-7
5 - Cc h thng tn hiu o lng iu khin thp sy, thp hp th trung gian,
thp hp th cui
H thng tn hiu bo mc thng cha, bo chy dng cc ng c, c
cnh bo bng tn hiu trn mn hnh DCS.
H thng tn hiu bo d axt cc gin ti c cnh bo bng tn hiu trn
trung tm iu khin ly tn hiu t cc thit b o pH cc dn lm lnh, cc lm
lnh tm.
- Cc gi tr o p sut u c hin th ti hin trng qua p k ch U.
- Gi tr pH nc thi ti cc gin lm lnh, nc thi v h tun hon, c
o v hin th ti ch bng ng h. Ring im o pH nc thi ra sng Hng
c o, hin th c ti ch v a v t o lng ti trung tm iu khin.
- Cc ng c in ti cng on sy, hp th c iu khin ng, ct c
ti ch v DCS.
- Cc im o nng axt u o, hin th ti ch v DCS.

29
- Tt c cc gi tr o lng ti hin trng nh, nhit , mc thng cha,
dng ng c, u c a v hin th trn DCS.
- ng m cc van iu khin nng axt, mc cc thng cha c th
t ch iu khin bng tay, bn t ng, t ng ti trung tm iu khin,
van iu khin thng ng khi mt kh nn hay mt tn hiu iu khin.
- Nng axt ti cc thp c o bng thit b o nng axt lp sau cc
cc mu axt ca mi thp, mu phn tch ly trn ng ng ly mu axt ca cc
thng cao v axt cc thp.
-Nhit axt ti cho cc thp c o ti cc thng cao v tng ng ca mi
thp.
-Nhit axt chy ti mi thp c o ti cc thng cha tng ng
- iu khin mc thng cha axt sy 258-1,2 ta ng m bng van tay
4GV20 hoc van t ng LV-258 (ly tn hiu t thit b o mc thng cha axt
sy) a axt sy v thng cha axt trn 257.
- iu khin mc thng cha axt 260-1,2 ta ng m bng van tay 4GV21
hoc van t ng LV-260 (ly tn hiu t thit b o mc thng 260-1,2) a axt
mn t thng thu phong axt thp hp th trung gian v thng cha axt sy.
- iu khin mc thng cha axt 259 ta ng m bng van tay 4GV28 hoc
van t ng LV-259 (ly tn hiu t thit b o mc thng cha 259) a axt mn t
thng thu phong axt thp hp th cui v thng cha axt sy.
- iu khin nng axt ti thp hp th trung gian ta ng m bng van tay
4GV41 hoc van t ng CV-260 (ly tn hiu t thit b o nng axt ti ca thp )
a nc cng nghip t cu ng vo thng cha axt 260-1,2.
- iu khin nng axt ti thp hp th cui ta ng m bng van tay 4GV48
hoc van t ng CV-259 (ly tn hiu t thit b o nng axt ti ca thp ) a
nc cng nghip t cu ng vo thng cha axt 259.

30

KT LUN
Sau thi gian thc tp va qua, c s gip ca lnh o x nghip axt
cng vi cc phng ban chc nng .Em c gng hon thnh c cc cng vic
theo ni dung thc tp ca phng T chc o To giao cho. C th l:
* Tm hiu nm c c cu t chc qun l ca Cng ty, cc phng ban, x
nghip ,phn xng .
* Tm hiu c qui trnh cng ngh ca dy chuyn sn xut axt s 2 ca
X nghip Axit t nguyn liu l lu hunh nguyn t.
* Hon thnh tt mi cng vic ca Gim c x nghip Axt giao cho.
Mc d c rt nhiu c gng cng vi n lc ca bn thn cng vi s gip
tn tnh ca cc ng ch, ng nghip, nhng do kinh nghim thc t cn t
nn bn bo co ny cn t nhiu sai st. Em mong cc thy c gp sa cha v
b sung bn bo co tt nghip ca em c hon thin hn
Em xin chn thnh cm n
Lm Thao, ngy 28 thng 03 nm 2016

Sinh vin thc tp

Nguyn Vn Tip
Nhn xt ca n v thc tp

31